A Brief study of efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in controlling tonsillitis in paediatric age group, Sri ganganagar, (Raj) India. Background: Tonsillitis is one of the most common conditions in childhood with recurrent attacks which will result in sever complication. Homoeopathy is giving better result in treating tonsillitis both in acute and chronic recurrent episodes. The objective were to evaluate the constitutional remedial action in case of Tonsillitis and to analyze group of constitutional remedies effective in the treatment of tonsillitis in Paediatric age group. Methodology: A hospital based observational study was carried out on Sriganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, Raj. The study group of 30 was selected based on purposive sampling method. This is before and after without control type of experimental study. 30 diagnosed cases were considered. Data collected were analysed and inferred with T test used to calculate. Result: The overall response of the treatment with the help of 10 Homoeopathic medicines. It was observed that out of 30 patients, 18 (60%) patient were cured, 10 (33%) patients improved, 2 (7%) patients showed no response. This study reflects the predominance of Psoric Miasm in the cases of Tonsillitis. Out of 30 cases, 14 ( 46.67%) cases were purely Psoric, 13 (43.33%) cases were Sycosis, 1 (3.33%) cases were Tubercular, 2 ( 6.67%) cases were Syphilis. Conclusion: Homoeopathic constitutional remedies are very effective in treating tonsillitis in paediatric age group. There were no side effects during the treatment.
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CAR...Earthjournal Publisher
This study analyzed 99 suspected diphtheria cases admitted to a hospital in Assam, India over 3 years. Throat swabs were collected and tested. Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated in 26 cases (26.26%). The highest culture positivity was in patients aged 5-9 years (53.84%) and 10-14 years (30.76%). Culture positivity was highest in non-immunized patients (62.5%) and surprisingly high in fully immunized patients too (31.58%). The study findings suggest a re-emergence of diphtheria in Assam, calling for intensive monitoring and review of immunization programs and vaccine quality/handling in the state
—India constitutes about one fourth of the Global TB burden. Cutaneous TB is less common clinical form of tuberculosis accounting for 1-2 % of the total extra-pulmonary cases. Objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of Cutaneous TB presenting in the Skin Outpatient Department (OPD). Patients presenting with clinically suspected skin lesions of Cutaneous TB from January 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. Dermatological and systemic examination was carried out and histopathogical examination of skin punch biopsy was done. It was observed that out of a total of sixty patients, 45 (75%) patients were found to have features of Cutaneous TB on histopathology. Lupus vulgaris (42.2%) was the most common form of Cutaneous TB. Most patients were in age group of 11-30 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Most common sites of involvement were lower limbs and neck. Mantoux test was positive(≥15 mm induration) in 66.7% cases. Typical tuberculoid histology was found in 91.1% cases. No cases of tuberculids were seen and non-specific chronic inflammation was seen in six cases. It was concluded that Cutaneous TB may present with different morphological patterns resembling other inflammatory, infective and neoplastic conditions. Proper and thorough investigations are necessary for detection of Cutaneous TB as the annual incidence of total TB cases in India is high.
The medical-management-of-rhinosinusitis 1997-otolaryngology---head-and-neck-...Joel Mathew
The document discusses the medical management of rhinosinusitis. It begins by explaining that the management depends on factors like the duration and severity of a patient's symptoms, and that acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are treated differently. It then provides definitions for different types of rhinosinusitis established by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The document goes on to discuss the pathophysiology, microbiology, and treatment options for various forms of rhinosinusitis.
This document summarizes a case report of a 38-year-old woman who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Testing found she had normal complement and C1 inhibitor levels, leading to a diagnosis of hereditary angioedema type III. HAE type III is a rare form found predominantly in women that may be associated with estrogen levels. The patient's attacks resolved with treatment using the drug Danazol. The case report discusses distinguishing the different types of angioedema and avoiding unnecessary surgery for abdominal attacks.
This summary provides an overview of a retrospective study analyzing seasonal variation in cases of non-neonatal tetanus (NNT) over a 7-year period from 2004-2010 at a hospital in Jaipur, India. The study found that post-monsoon season had significantly more NNT cases than other seasons each year. Specifically, over one-third of total cases and deaths occurred in post-monsoon months of June-July and November-December. Additionally, winter season had the lowest number of cases but the highest case fatality rate of NNT. The study aims to better understand seasonal trends in NNT occurrence to help guide future elimination strategies.
Clinic Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C on the Backgrou...ijtsrd
Since the problem of the incidence of hepatitis C and tuberculosis in the population is still a very important and urgent problem not only in Uzbekistan and the whole world, we decided to study how these diseases flow against the background of each other. During our study, we observed 80 patients at the regional tuberculosis dispensary and at the regional infectious diseases hospital in Samarkand, which were divided into 2 clinical groups. Mukhammedova Fariza Farkhodovna "Clinic - Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C on the Background of Tuberculosis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/45174/clinic--epidemiological-characteristics-of-chronic-hepatitis-c-on-the-background-of-tuberculosis/mukhammedova-fariza-farkhodovna
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations. It involves the systematic collection and analysis of data related to health problems. The goals of epidemiology are to identify risk factors for disease, prevent incidence, and improve population health. Epidemiology examines the impact of public health programs and can describe disease presence and controlling factors in a population.
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CAR...Earthjournal Publisher
This study analyzed 99 suspected diphtheria cases admitted to a hospital in Assam, India over 3 years. Throat swabs were collected and tested. Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated in 26 cases (26.26%). The highest culture positivity was in patients aged 5-9 years (53.84%) and 10-14 years (30.76%). Culture positivity was highest in non-immunized patients (62.5%) and surprisingly high in fully immunized patients too (31.58%). The study findings suggest a re-emergence of diphtheria in Assam, calling for intensive monitoring and review of immunization programs and vaccine quality/handling in the state
—India constitutes about one fourth of the Global TB burden. Cutaneous TB is less common clinical form of tuberculosis accounting for 1-2 % of the total extra-pulmonary cases. Objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of Cutaneous TB presenting in the Skin Outpatient Department (OPD). Patients presenting with clinically suspected skin lesions of Cutaneous TB from January 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. Dermatological and systemic examination was carried out and histopathogical examination of skin punch biopsy was done. It was observed that out of a total of sixty patients, 45 (75%) patients were found to have features of Cutaneous TB on histopathology. Lupus vulgaris (42.2%) was the most common form of Cutaneous TB. Most patients were in age group of 11-30 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Most common sites of involvement were lower limbs and neck. Mantoux test was positive(≥15 mm induration) in 66.7% cases. Typical tuberculoid histology was found in 91.1% cases. No cases of tuberculids were seen and non-specific chronic inflammation was seen in six cases. It was concluded that Cutaneous TB may present with different morphological patterns resembling other inflammatory, infective and neoplastic conditions. Proper and thorough investigations are necessary for detection of Cutaneous TB as the annual incidence of total TB cases in India is high.
The medical-management-of-rhinosinusitis 1997-otolaryngology---head-and-neck-...Joel Mathew
The document discusses the medical management of rhinosinusitis. It begins by explaining that the management depends on factors like the duration and severity of a patient's symptoms, and that acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are treated differently. It then provides definitions for different types of rhinosinusitis established by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The document goes on to discuss the pathophysiology, microbiology, and treatment options for various forms of rhinosinusitis.
This document summarizes a case report of a 38-year-old woman who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Testing found she had normal complement and C1 inhibitor levels, leading to a diagnosis of hereditary angioedema type III. HAE type III is a rare form found predominantly in women that may be associated with estrogen levels. The patient's attacks resolved with treatment using the drug Danazol. The case report discusses distinguishing the different types of angioedema and avoiding unnecessary surgery for abdominal attacks.
This summary provides an overview of a retrospective study analyzing seasonal variation in cases of non-neonatal tetanus (NNT) over a 7-year period from 2004-2010 at a hospital in Jaipur, India. The study found that post-monsoon season had significantly more NNT cases than other seasons each year. Specifically, over one-third of total cases and deaths occurred in post-monsoon months of June-July and November-December. Additionally, winter season had the lowest number of cases but the highest case fatality rate of NNT. The study aims to better understand seasonal trends in NNT occurrence to help guide future elimination strategies.
Clinic Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C on the Backgrou...ijtsrd
Since the problem of the incidence of hepatitis C and tuberculosis in the population is still a very important and urgent problem not only in Uzbekistan and the whole world, we decided to study how these diseases flow against the background of each other. During our study, we observed 80 patients at the regional tuberculosis dispensary and at the regional infectious diseases hospital in Samarkand, which were divided into 2 clinical groups. Mukhammedova Fariza Farkhodovna "Clinic - Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C on the Background of Tuberculosis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/45174/clinic--epidemiological-characteristics-of-chronic-hepatitis-c-on-the-background-of-tuberculosis/mukhammedova-fariza-farkhodovna
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations. It involves the systematic collection and analysis of data related to health problems. The goals of epidemiology are to identify risk factors for disease, prevent incidence, and improve population health. Epidemiology examines the impact of public health programs and can describe disease presence and controlling factors in a population.
1. The study examined 50 patients undergoing surgery for diffuse sinonasal polyposis to determine the incidence and impact of osteitis and bacterial biofilms.
2. Histopathology found osteitis in 70% of patients. Scanning electron microscopy detected biofilms in 78% of patients, significantly higher than the 20% detected in controls.
3. Higher Lund-Mackay staging scores and osteitis scores correlated with higher rates of osteitis and biofilms histologically. Worse tissue disease and osteitis/biofilm were also linked to poorer postoperative healing.
Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1Arjun Chapagain
The document provides an overview of preventive veterinary medicine and epidemiology. It defines preventive veterinary medicine as dealing with infectious diseases, their occurrence in animal populations, and methods of prevention and control. Epidemiology is introduced as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations. The document then discusses key epidemiological concepts like agents, hosts, and the environment. It also outlines the objectives, scope, aims, methods, and applications of epidemiology, providing definitions for important epidemiological terminology.
Allergen Skin Test Reactivity and Eosinophilia in Adult Bronchial Asthmatic P...MatiaAhmed
1) The document summarizes a study on allergen skin test reactivity and eosinophilia in adult bronchial asthmatic patients.
2) The study found that the maximum number of asthmatic patients had positive skin prick tests for dust mites. Dust mites were found to be a significant allergen followed by house dust and cockroach.
3) The mean eosinophil count was significantly higher in asthmatic adults compared to healthy subjects. However, the association between positive skin prick tests and increased eosinophil counts was not statistically significant.
4) In conclusion, the study found that dust mites, house dust, and cockroaches are common allerg
This document discusses epidemiology and screening. It defines epidemiology as the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. The history and scope of epidemiology are described, including key figures like John Snow. The aims and approaches of epidemiology, like asking questions and making comparisons, are outlined. Concepts around disease causation and the natural history of disease are explained. Finally, the document defines screening as searching for unrecognized disease in healthy individuals and discusses the aims, uses, and types of screening.
This study examined the level of awareness and stigma regarding tuberculosis (TB) among university students in Malaysia. A survey was administered to 400 students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The findings showed that while most students had heard of TB, many were unsure of the factors that cause it or how it spreads. The study also found that most students held stigmatizing views of TB patients, reporting feeling uncomfortable or afraid around them. Based on these results, the study recommends improving TB education and awareness campaigns targeting students, using effective media like television, social media, and newspapers. Addressing insufficient knowledge and stigma is important for controlling the spread of TB.
Clinical Profile of Envenomation in Children With Reference To Snake Biteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document summarizes acute severe asthma, including its pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how asthma results from airway inflammation caused by mast cell activation and other factors. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening depending on severity. Diagnosis involves spirometry and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on relieving bronchospasm and inflammation through medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. The document also provides a personal story about being diagnosed with acute severe asthma.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. The cardinal signs of pulmonary TB include chronic cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks, chest pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB transmission occurs via airborne droplets. Nepal has a high burden of TB and implements the WHO-recommended DOTS strategy for prevention and control, which involves directly observed treatment to improve adherence and cure rates. Expansion of DOTS nationwide and addressing issues like drug-resistant TB and co-infection with HIV are national policy priorities.
This document defines epidemiology and discusses key related concepts. It begins by defining epidemiology as "the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations." It then discusses key epidemiological terms like distribution, determinants, frequency, pattern, and the aims of epidemiology. The history of epidemiology is also summarized, highlighting the contributions of John Snow in identifying the water source of a cholera outbreak and Hippocrates' focus on environmental influences. Uses of epidemiology are listed as studying disease trends, planning health services, and searching for disease causes.
Founders of epidemiology and thier contributionsShareef Ngunguni
Hippocrates was the first to examine relationships between disease and environmental factors, rejecting supernatural causes. James Lind conducted experiments on scurvy prevention that established clinical research standards. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine through observation of immunity from cowpox. Ignaz Semmelweis pioneered hand washing to prevent spread of infections from cadavers to mothers. John Snow carefully mapped cholera cases in London and used statistics to show its water source, establishing epidemiology.
This document provides biographical and medical history information for a 30-year-old Malay patient, Mr. IR, who was electively admitted for bilateral tonsillectomy with CAPSO under general anesthesia due to chronic snoring and recurrent tonsillitis. A physical examination revealed grade 3 bilaterally enlarged, erythematous tonsils with an erythematous uvula. The diagnosis was chronic tonsillitis causing obstructive sleep apnea, and the planned treatment was bilateral tonsillectomy with CAPSO under general anesthesia along with pre-operative testing.
A 24-year-old man with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma developed fatal fungal sinusitis while undergoing chemotherapy for relapse of his hematological malignancy. He was admitted with febrile neutropenia and later developed left-sided facial pain and eye tearing. Examination and biopsies confirmed fungal infections including Mucor, Aspergillus, and Candida in the sinuses. Despite intensive antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and management of pain, the fungal infections progressed, involving multiple sinuses and bones. The patient ultimately succumbed to the fungal sinusitis after over 50 days of treatment.
The document provides background information on leprosy (Hansen's disease), including that it is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It then summarizes the aims and objectives of the study, which are to examine and forecast leprosy prevalence rates in Nigeria between 2005-2014 using time series analysis, and to analyze age and gender distributions of reported cases. The methodology section outlines that secondary data on 474 leprosy cases from a Nigerian medical center over this period will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and time series analysis in MINITAB and Excel to identify trends and patterns in incidence.
Approach to a child with acute respiratory infectionsAleya Remtullah
This document provides an overview of evaluating a child with an acute respiratory infection. It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, complications, differential diagnoses, history, physical examination, and investigations. Acute respiratory infections are a common cause of illness in children under 5 years old. Physical examination involves assessing vital signs, nasal discharge, throat, lymph nodes, lungs, and ears. Key investigations include chest x-ray, pulse oximetry, and tests for specific infections like strep throat. Management focuses on treating the underlying infection while supporting the child's breathing, oxygen levels, and hydration.
This document provides information about rheumatic fever, including its description, incidence, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnostic tests, and nursing responsibilities related to those tests. Rheumatic fever is described as a bacterial infection affecting the heart, blood vessels, and joints that occurs as a delayed consequence of a Group A streptococcal infection. It most commonly affects children ages 6-15 years old and is more common in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding. Diagnosis involves testing for a current or previous Group A streptococcal infection and checking for signs of inflammation and heart damage. Nurses have important roles in specimen collection, monitoring diagnostic tests, and explaining procedures to patients.
Homeopathy for Epidemics and Homeopathic Remedies for First AidSharumSharif
This document discusses homeopathy for treating epidemics and provides homeopathic first aid remedies. It begins by explaining why epidemics should be prepared for as they will continue to challenge humanity. It defines important terms like endemic, epidemic, pandemic, genus epidemicus, and homeoprophylaxis. The document notes that epidemics can be difficult to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms but that homeopathy provides effective prevention and treatment alternatives. It highlights advantages of homeopathy for epidemics over vaccines and conventional treatments. Homeopathy is discussed as a practical option for governments to combat infectious diseases through large-scale interventions.
This document discusses respiratory tract infections, specifically focusing on infections of the upper respiratory tract. It defines otitis media as an inflammation of the middle ear and describes its three subtypes. Otitis media is common, especially in young children, and can be caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae that enter the middle ear following a viral upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include ear pain, fever, and hearing loss. The document also discusses acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, noting that it is commonly caused by the same bacteria as otitis media and that differentiating between viral and bacterial infections is important to avoid overprescribing antibiotics.
Identification of Microorganism Associated With Otitis Media among Children i...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on drug-resistant tuberculosis. It begins with an introduction defining tuberculosis and noting its status as a leading infectious cause of death worldwide, especially in India. It then covers topics like the transmission of TB, its pathogenesis, definitions of different types of drug-resistant TB (including MDR and XDR), factors that create drug resistance, and principles of treatment. The presentation includes sections on the epidemiology and mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as general treatment guidelines and specifics of regimens used in India's DOTS Plus program. It concludes with references cited.
The patient is a 67-year-old male who has been dealing with chronic sinusitis for 30 years. His main complaint is chronic sinusitis and chronic phlegm in his throat. He uses Nasaclear as a preventative for sinusitis. His vital signs were normal except for a heart rate of 72 and blood pressure of 110/70.
1. The study examined 50 patients undergoing surgery for diffuse sinonasal polyposis to determine the incidence and impact of osteitis and bacterial biofilms.
2. Histopathology found osteitis in 70% of patients. Scanning electron microscopy detected biofilms in 78% of patients, significantly higher than the 20% detected in controls.
3. Higher Lund-Mackay staging scores and osteitis scores correlated with higher rates of osteitis and biofilms histologically. Worse tissue disease and osteitis/biofilm were also linked to poorer postoperative healing.
Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1Arjun Chapagain
The document provides an overview of preventive veterinary medicine and epidemiology. It defines preventive veterinary medicine as dealing with infectious diseases, their occurrence in animal populations, and methods of prevention and control. Epidemiology is introduced as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations. The document then discusses key epidemiological concepts like agents, hosts, and the environment. It also outlines the objectives, scope, aims, methods, and applications of epidemiology, providing definitions for important epidemiological terminology.
Allergen Skin Test Reactivity and Eosinophilia in Adult Bronchial Asthmatic P...MatiaAhmed
1) The document summarizes a study on allergen skin test reactivity and eosinophilia in adult bronchial asthmatic patients.
2) The study found that the maximum number of asthmatic patients had positive skin prick tests for dust mites. Dust mites were found to be a significant allergen followed by house dust and cockroach.
3) The mean eosinophil count was significantly higher in asthmatic adults compared to healthy subjects. However, the association between positive skin prick tests and increased eosinophil counts was not statistically significant.
4) In conclusion, the study found that dust mites, house dust, and cockroaches are common allerg
This document discusses epidemiology and screening. It defines epidemiology as the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. The history and scope of epidemiology are described, including key figures like John Snow. The aims and approaches of epidemiology, like asking questions and making comparisons, are outlined. Concepts around disease causation and the natural history of disease are explained. Finally, the document defines screening as searching for unrecognized disease in healthy individuals and discusses the aims, uses, and types of screening.
This study examined the level of awareness and stigma regarding tuberculosis (TB) among university students in Malaysia. A survey was administered to 400 students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The findings showed that while most students had heard of TB, many were unsure of the factors that cause it or how it spreads. The study also found that most students held stigmatizing views of TB patients, reporting feeling uncomfortable or afraid around them. Based on these results, the study recommends improving TB education and awareness campaigns targeting students, using effective media like television, social media, and newspapers. Addressing insufficient knowledge and stigma is important for controlling the spread of TB.
Clinical Profile of Envenomation in Children With Reference To Snake Biteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document summarizes acute severe asthma, including its pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how asthma results from airway inflammation caused by mast cell activation and other factors. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening depending on severity. Diagnosis involves spirometry and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on relieving bronchospasm and inflammation through medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. The document also provides a personal story about being diagnosed with acute severe asthma.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. The cardinal signs of pulmonary TB include chronic cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks, chest pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB transmission occurs via airborne droplets. Nepal has a high burden of TB and implements the WHO-recommended DOTS strategy for prevention and control, which involves directly observed treatment to improve adherence and cure rates. Expansion of DOTS nationwide and addressing issues like drug-resistant TB and co-infection with HIV are national policy priorities.
This document defines epidemiology and discusses key related concepts. It begins by defining epidemiology as "the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations." It then discusses key epidemiological terms like distribution, determinants, frequency, pattern, and the aims of epidemiology. The history of epidemiology is also summarized, highlighting the contributions of John Snow in identifying the water source of a cholera outbreak and Hippocrates' focus on environmental influences. Uses of epidemiology are listed as studying disease trends, planning health services, and searching for disease causes.
Founders of epidemiology and thier contributionsShareef Ngunguni
Hippocrates was the first to examine relationships between disease and environmental factors, rejecting supernatural causes. James Lind conducted experiments on scurvy prevention that established clinical research standards. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine through observation of immunity from cowpox. Ignaz Semmelweis pioneered hand washing to prevent spread of infections from cadavers to mothers. John Snow carefully mapped cholera cases in London and used statistics to show its water source, establishing epidemiology.
This document provides biographical and medical history information for a 30-year-old Malay patient, Mr. IR, who was electively admitted for bilateral tonsillectomy with CAPSO under general anesthesia due to chronic snoring and recurrent tonsillitis. A physical examination revealed grade 3 bilaterally enlarged, erythematous tonsils with an erythematous uvula. The diagnosis was chronic tonsillitis causing obstructive sleep apnea, and the planned treatment was bilateral tonsillectomy with CAPSO under general anesthesia along with pre-operative testing.
A 24-year-old man with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma developed fatal fungal sinusitis while undergoing chemotherapy for relapse of his hematological malignancy. He was admitted with febrile neutropenia and later developed left-sided facial pain and eye tearing. Examination and biopsies confirmed fungal infections including Mucor, Aspergillus, and Candida in the sinuses. Despite intensive antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and management of pain, the fungal infections progressed, involving multiple sinuses and bones. The patient ultimately succumbed to the fungal sinusitis after over 50 days of treatment.
The document provides background information on leprosy (Hansen's disease), including that it is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It then summarizes the aims and objectives of the study, which are to examine and forecast leprosy prevalence rates in Nigeria between 2005-2014 using time series analysis, and to analyze age and gender distributions of reported cases. The methodology section outlines that secondary data on 474 leprosy cases from a Nigerian medical center over this period will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and time series analysis in MINITAB and Excel to identify trends and patterns in incidence.
Approach to a child with acute respiratory infectionsAleya Remtullah
This document provides an overview of evaluating a child with an acute respiratory infection. It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, complications, differential diagnoses, history, physical examination, and investigations. Acute respiratory infections are a common cause of illness in children under 5 years old. Physical examination involves assessing vital signs, nasal discharge, throat, lymph nodes, lungs, and ears. Key investigations include chest x-ray, pulse oximetry, and tests for specific infections like strep throat. Management focuses on treating the underlying infection while supporting the child's breathing, oxygen levels, and hydration.
This document provides information about rheumatic fever, including its description, incidence, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnostic tests, and nursing responsibilities related to those tests. Rheumatic fever is described as a bacterial infection affecting the heart, blood vessels, and joints that occurs as a delayed consequence of a Group A streptococcal infection. It most commonly affects children ages 6-15 years old and is more common in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding. Diagnosis involves testing for a current or previous Group A streptococcal infection and checking for signs of inflammation and heart damage. Nurses have important roles in specimen collection, monitoring diagnostic tests, and explaining procedures to patients.
Homeopathy for Epidemics and Homeopathic Remedies for First AidSharumSharif
This document discusses homeopathy for treating epidemics and provides homeopathic first aid remedies. It begins by explaining why epidemics should be prepared for as they will continue to challenge humanity. It defines important terms like endemic, epidemic, pandemic, genus epidemicus, and homeoprophylaxis. The document notes that epidemics can be difficult to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms but that homeopathy provides effective prevention and treatment alternatives. It highlights advantages of homeopathy for epidemics over vaccines and conventional treatments. Homeopathy is discussed as a practical option for governments to combat infectious diseases through large-scale interventions.
This document discusses respiratory tract infections, specifically focusing on infections of the upper respiratory tract. It defines otitis media as an inflammation of the middle ear and describes its three subtypes. Otitis media is common, especially in young children, and can be caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae that enter the middle ear following a viral upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include ear pain, fever, and hearing loss. The document also discusses acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, noting that it is commonly caused by the same bacteria as otitis media and that differentiating between viral and bacterial infections is important to avoid overprescribing antibiotics.
Identification of Microorganism Associated With Otitis Media among Children i...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on drug-resistant tuberculosis. It begins with an introduction defining tuberculosis and noting its status as a leading infectious cause of death worldwide, especially in India. It then covers topics like the transmission of TB, its pathogenesis, definitions of different types of drug-resistant TB (including MDR and XDR), factors that create drug resistance, and principles of treatment. The presentation includes sections on the epidemiology and mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as general treatment guidelines and specifics of regimens used in India's DOTS Plus program. It concludes with references cited.
The patient is a 67-year-old male who has been dealing with chronic sinusitis for 30 years. His main complaint is chronic sinusitis and chronic phlegm in his throat. He uses Nasaclear as a preventative for sinusitis. His vital signs were normal except for a heart rate of 72 and blood pressure of 110/70.
Homeopathy medicines for throat infection are selected based on signs and symptoms; each case is taken after a thorough history, extracting the causative factors, modalities as well as characteristic symptoms. Homeopathy treatments are very safe and side effect free. So it cures the disease in a very smooth and holistic way. It is given to all age groups from 1-day infant to 80 years old person.
Know more: https://www.multicarehomeopathy.com/online-consultation
This document discusses upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with a focus on acute otitis media (AOM). It defines AOM and outlines its typical symptoms, causes, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria. The document describes the pathophysiology of AOM, which usually develops following a viral upper respiratory infection that impairs the eustachian tube. Common bacterial pathogens that may cause secondary bacterial infection include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The goals of AOM treatment are outlined as well as considerations for prevention through vaccination.
Yaws is a bacterial infection that affects skin, bone, and cartilage, especially in remote, tribal areas of India. It can be cured by a single dose of penicillin. India launched a Yaws Eradication Programme in 1996 to interrupt transmission of the disease and achieve eradication, as defined by no seropositivity in children, by mass treatment of affected communities. The programme is coordinated nationally and implemented in endemic states, using existing healthcare systems to detect cases and provide penicillin treatment to cases and contacts in order to eliminate the disease from the country.
Presentations and Challenges in Tuberculosis of Head and.pptxzzaw59900
(1) The document discusses a study of 113 cases of tuberculosis in the head and neck region seen at a hospital in India between 2014-2015. (2) The most common presentation was cervical lymphadenopathy, seen in 92.92% of cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in most patients and Mantoux test was positive in 93.8% of cases. (3) The study highlights that tuberculosis remains an important health issue in developing countries like India, and that diagnostic tests like ESR and Mantoux can help guide diagnosis when access to other investigations is limited.
—Fungal organisms are ubiquitous. A common location for these organisms to enter the human body is through the external acoustic canal, oral cavity, and pharynx and sino-nasal cavity. A study was conducted with clinical and mycological analysis of various fungal infections in ENT. Patients suspected for having fungal infections attending at Department of ENT were interrogated and analysed. Swabs collected from these cases were sent for direct microscopy by KOH mounts for fungal examination and fungal culture. Microbiological confirmed 100 cases were finally included in the study Histopathological examination of nasal mass and polyposis was also done. It was observed in this present study otomycosis was most common and accounted for 84% of the total cases followed by candidiasis in oral cavity and pharynx in 9%, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis in 4% and rhinosporidiosis in 3%. Aspergillus niger was that most common fungus isolated in 61% cases, followed by Candida albicans in 24% cases, Aspergillus flavus in 9% cases, Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhinosporodium seeberi in 3% cases each. All the cases of fungal infection of oral cavity and oropharynx were due to Candida albicans.
This document provides an overview of acute otitis media (AOM). It begins with a brief history of AOM and then discusses the definition, clinical features, significance, and etiopathogenesis of the condition. Regarding etiology, it notes that AOM is often associated with upper respiratory tract infections and discusses various bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens implicated in AOM. It also explores the roles of allergy, eustachian tube dysfunction, genetics, immunity, and other factors in AOM development. The document aims to comprehensively summarize our current understanding of AOM.
this contain detailed information about introduction, definition, causes, risk factor,treatment, medical and surgical management, nursing care given to the patient ,patient teaching.
This document discusses acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in India. It notes that ARIs affect over 700 million people annually in India and cause over 52 million cases of pneumonia. Mortality from ARIs ranges from 3,200 to 6,900 deaths annually. Risk factors for ARIs include low literacy, suboptimal breastfeeding, malnutrition, and unsatisfactory immunization coverage. Common types of ARIs discussed include the common cold, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for ARIs are also outlined.
Nursing care of family with respiratory disorders of the respiratory system.pptMaynard Gabriel
This document discusses diseases of the respiratory system, focusing on acute respiratory infections in children. It defines upper and lower respiratory tract infections and describes common illnesses in each category. For upper respiratory infections, it covers nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media, and croup syndrome. For lower respiratory infections, it addresses bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. It also discusses pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, and nursing care for these respiratory conditions.
This document discusses sinusitis, including its definition, classification based on duration of symptoms, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment and management algorithm. Some key points:
- Sinusitis is defined as inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, usually beginning as a viral upper respiratory infection that leads to secondary bacterial infection.
- It is classified as acute (<30 days), recurrent acute (recurrent episodes <30 days separated by 10 days), subacute (30-90 days) or chronic (>90 days).
- Common bacteria include S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis. Chronic sinusitis pathogens are not well defined and often polymicrobial.
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are responsible for 20% of childhood deaths under 5 years of age, with pneumonia accounting for 90% of ARI mortality. Children under 2 years old, malnourished children, children with HIV, and those with poor access to healthcare or poorly educated parents are most at risk. ARIs are a common cause of outpatient visits (20-60%) and admissions (12-45%) in children. Common respiratory infections affecting children include the common cold, acute epiglottitis, croup, ear infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. Bacteria and viruses can cause ARIs, with symptoms and severity depending on the specific infectious agent.
This document provides information about pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (PCAP) in a young female patient. It includes the patient's profile, physical assessment findings, relevant anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, and signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Crackles were auscultated in the lower lung fields, indicating inflammation. The document also outlines the patient's nursing care plan.
Helicobacter pylori is commonly found in the stomach lining without penetrating the epithelium. Evidence suggests it may also colonize other body sites. H. pylori DNA has been found in atherosclerotic plaques and the oral cavity, though it is unclear if this is from true colonization or transport. H. pylori colonization is known to cause chronic gastritis and diseases like peptic ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Transmission occurs through oral-oral, fecal-oral, or contact with contaminated food or water. Treatment durations for H. pylori eradication vary between guidelines but are generally 7-14 days.
This document discusses common childhood diseases, with a focus on respiratory illnesses. It covers:
1. Common respiratory diseases in children include respiratory infections (ARI), pneumonia, and diseases like asthma that are exacerbated by respiratory infections.
2. Children are particularly vulnerable to respiratory illnesses due to developmental differences like smaller airways and fewer alveoli.
3. Specific respiratory diseases covered include the common cold, influenza, sinusitis, otitis media (ear infections), tonsillitis, and pneumonia. Signs and symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment approaches are discussed for each.
Study of Bacterial Isolates and their Susceptibility Pattern in Chronic Suppu...iosrjce
This study examined bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in 120 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Iraq. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated bacteria (37.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.83%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (16.67%). Ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were the most effective antibiotics, with high resistance to trimethoprim, carbenicillin, lincomycin and erythromycin. Understanding local bacterial causes and antibiotic susceptibility is important for guiding treatment of CSOM.
Similar to A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age Group (20)
Cytogenetic an Experimental Monitoring Test for Plant ExtractsIOSRJPBS
More than two centuries have been passed since the chromosomes have been firstly observed in plant cells by Nageli in 1842. During this long period, chromosomes have been discovered in human cells and well recognized as a source of genes locations. The effects of chemicals and environmental pollution in human health and caners became an interested field of studying diver mutagens and their role in affecting the genetic materials. Cytogenetic tests were the main tools to evaluate the effects of those mutagens on human genome and chromosomes. Many techniques have been used for these purposes including in vitro and in vivo analyzing tests using human and animal cells. The intent of this article is to review the role of cytogenetic techniques in detecting the effects of mutagens on chromosomal aberrations and the role of plant extracts in monitoring these effects
Prevalence of Rota Virus Detection by Reverse TranscriptasePolymerase Chain R...IOSRJPBS
The present study was conducted for the period from 1/6/2016 to 20/1/2017 in Baquba city. The study aimed to detection of rotavirus in stool specimens of children fewer than five age and also explore the effects of certain demographic factors on the detection rates by revers transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. The study included 49 patients with acute diarrhea, 32 were male and 17 were female. The age range was two months to 5 years. Demographic information on the patients regarding age, sex, residence, type of feeding and source of drinking water were collected from their parents. Stool specimens were collected from each patients and. Detection of rotavirus in stool specimens was done by conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results of present study showed that the overall infection rate by rotavirus among patients with acute diarrhea by RT-PCR tests was 93.88%. The highest infection rate was recorded among those >10-≤15 months of age. None of the results showed significantly difference between female and male, PCR (88% vs 96.87%). Likewise, there was insignificantly difference between urban and rural residence, PCR (95.65% vs 92.30%). The results revealed insignificantly higher infection rate among patients (those below 2 years) feed mixing (91.66%) and bottled (100%) compared to that breast feeding (77.77%) by RT-PCR. The rotavirus infection rate was insignificantly higher among patients consuming municipal water for drinking (97.22%) compared to those consuming bottled water (84.61%) by the RT-PCR. The study concluded that rotavirus was detected in high rates among children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Baquba city, particularly those less than 2 year old.
Antidiabetic and Cytoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of SalaciaNitida ...IOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antidiabetic and cytoprotective effects of the ethanolic root extract of Salacia nitida on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Key findings of the study include:
1) The ethanolic extract of S. nitida roots showed significant antidiabetic activity, demonstrated by a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels and increase in body weight of treated diabetic rats.
2) Histological examination showed the extract helped restore damaged pancreatic and kidney tissues in treated diabetic rats closer to normal.
3) The extract demonstrated significant glucose tolerance effects and may lower blood glucose through mechanisms like stimulating insulin production or protecting pancreatic beta cells.
Anti Bacterial and Anti Oxidant Activities of Evolvulus Alsinoides LinnIOSRJPBS
: Plants are very important sources of potential useful raw materials as natural chemotherapeutic agents. Shankhpushpi is botanically termed as Evolvulus alsinoides; the extracts have exhibited antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and immunomodulatory activities. The present work is to investigate the invitro therapeutic potential activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides on the antimicrobial activity against five clinical pathogenic bacterial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebshiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhii, using agar well diffusion assay and Anti oxidant activity using 1-1-Diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Extract inhibited IC50: 40.2. Total phenolic content: 28.4 mg/ml & Total flavonoid content: 20.2 μg /ml. Evolvulus alsinoides (MIC): 512.5mg/ml possess 30 to 40 % inhibition, the antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts was more pronounced on the gram- negative bacteria Klebshiella pneumonia than the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The free radical scavenging activity of methanolic activity of whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides increase in a concentration dependent manner, and posses statistically significance DPPH free radical scavenging & Anti microbial activities
A Study on Biomarkers in a Spatially Distributed Type – 2 Diabetes mellitus G...IOSRJPBS
Diabetes, a dreaded disease already ravaged a huge population worldwide, whether it is inherited through generations or invited by the people by their uncontrolled way of life is still obscure. Biomarkers assay is a boon to the diseased to opt proper prophylactic measures to curb or eradicate diseases. The elevated levels of various biomarkers related to inflammation of vital organs, liver function, kidney function and other vital parameters in our diabetic cases reveals the extent of organ(s) damage in these subjects. It is also evident that the levels of various biomarkers are similar in our diabetic subjects, irrespective of their habits or habitats.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study on the toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extract. The study found:
1) The tolerated dose of the extract in rats was 800mg/kg while the toxic dose was 1600mg/kg, with behavioral and neurological signs observed at toxic doses.
2) The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was calculated to be 2663.92 mg/kg in acute toxicity testing.
3) In a 28-day sub-acute toxicity study, rats administered 800mg/kg of the extract daily showed no changes in body weight, hematological, or biochemical parameters compared to controls.
Flora of Kansai Basin at Lalgarh of Paschim Medinipur District in West Bengal...IOSRJPBS
Flora is systematic enumeration of plant species in a given community of a given ecosystem. It reflects the quality as well as the health of the ecosystem because the floral community are the producers which support the growth and development of ecosystem. It reflects the inflow of nutrients and recycling processes through bio-geochemical processes. Indiscriminate use of different chemicals and articles for different purposes produced by different leading factories for the modern development of human societies causes threat to the environment and loosing the biodiversity which significantly destroying the environment rapidly. The main reason is increasing load of human population which damaging the environment and degrading the ecosystem by pollution directly or indirectly. The present paper reflects the 57 floral elements under 29 families and the community structure including eco-degradation process which could be a starting point of extension through community research by a group of workers in future. Hope that interested people will come and take that opportunity to record the problems for future study and assessment about the dwindling ecosystem for our existence at Lalgarh.
Although ATP production is very important for mitochondria, little is known about the actual rate of production and the value of “unit of currency” for mitochondrial energy transactions. “Unit of currency” for all transactions in general is named “quantum” in Physics, and no value of ATP quantum is accurately given in bibliography, other than rough estimates. This work focuses to calculating produced energy unit in mitochondrial metabolism (Quantum for ATP, or QATP for sort) and the rate of ATP production (power of “mitochondrial factory”)
High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Saudi Children And Adolescents ...IOSRJPBS
Background: Vitamin D inadequacy constitutes an increasingly recognized comorbidity among Saudi populations. There were limited data about its prevalence in Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM in Albaha region, southwestern of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM. These patients were recruited from Albaha diabetic center, Saudi Arabia. The range of age of the participants was 1 –18 years.. All participants were subjected to history taking including, age, gender, duration of diabetes, clinical presentation at the onset of diabetes. Measurement of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was done in all participants. Results: There were 117 Saudi children and adolescent with T1DM, 52 (44.4%) were boys, and 65 (55.6%) were girls with a mean age 8.8 ± 3.4 and 9.2 ± 3.9 for boys and girls respectively (p=0.52). The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels among them was 17.1± 10.1 ng/ml and the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 88.9% (59.9% of subjects had vitamin D deficiency and 29 % had vitamin D insufficiency) and 11.1% had sufficient levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. There was a significant difference in vitamin D level among different groups of vitamin D level (p˂ 0.001). The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was greater in the girls with 34.2%, as compared to 25.6% among boys. Vitamin D deficiency was more common among children in the range of age 1-10 years (52.1% vs 36.8%). In vitamin D deficient group, the mean levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in patients presented with DKA as compared to those presented with hyperglycemic symptoms (p= 0.016). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi children and adolescent with T1DM in Albaha region. This is more common in girls and in the younger age groups. Therefore, screening for vitamin D deficiency, creating awareness to increase sunlight exposure, increase the fortification of food products with vitamin D and vitamin D supplementation for these patients should be warranted to prevent future morbidity.
Development of Nimbolide from Seeds of Azadirachta Indica Extract Assisted by...IOSRJPBS
The recent studies on Nimbolide, a robust cervical anticancer agent was identified for the separation of Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica berry collected from Ranga Reddy- Dist, the seeds were initially isolated, dried and transformed into coarse powder. The seed core was defatted and concentrated using methanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The methanolic extract obtained from seeds is subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] by direct reverse phase method for isolation of Nimbolide using Molecular Docking of Nimbolide through Molecular Operatin Environment [MOE] 2008 software. This declared that Nimbolide has capability of binding 12.3% to a Glycine 131 undergoing polar interactions. Nimbolide was found to interact with Cyclin E, was redeemed from the Protein Data Bank [PDB code; 1W98]. It was observed that Nimbolide showed an satisfactory increased life span (54.32 and 65.16), decreased the viable cells (52.3±1.5 and 32.5±1.3), and tumor volume (3.2±0.03 and 2.4±0.04).
A Review on Different Benefits of MushroomIOSRJPBS
This paper reviews mushrooms. In this paper, nutritional and medicinal values, other uses of mushrooms were discussed. Mushrooms have been important in human history as food, as medicine, as legands, and in folk lore and religion. Mushrooms are basically consumed for their texture and flavor. They have recently become attractive as health - beneficent food and as sources for the development of drugs. Many higher mushrooms are known to contain a number of biologically active components that show promising antitumor and immunomodulating, cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic and antidiabetic effects. Nutritional value of mushrooms lies between that of meat and vegetables. The rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals and low in fat content (2-8%) unique chemicals constitution of mushrooms makes them low calorie food 8 and choice diet for those suffering from hypertension, arthrosclerosis, diabetes, obesity. Mushrooms play a role in the development of new biological remediation techniques and filtration technologies (e.g. using fungi to lower bacterial levels in contaminated water). From the review it was observed that developing countries should harness the potentials of mushrooms as this would boost the revenue income and healthy living. It is hoped that this paper would add to existing information on this fungus
Evaluation of plasma Creatine Kinase activity and Inorganic phosphate among S...IOSRJPBS
Background: CK and phosphorus are helpful biomarker for detection of early renalabnormality particularlyCK which has been shown to be abetter predicator of acute renal failure. Objectives: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.Conducted in Khartoum and White Nile state from March to June 2016.The aim of this study to assess serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations in Sudanese patients with sickle cell anemia. 80 subjects were enrolled in this study they were classified into 40 with sickle cell disease (SCD) as casegroup and 40 healthy apparently as control group. CK activity and phosphorus level was measured by using Spectrophotometry method. Results: The results showed significantly higher Ck activity in patients with SCD when compared with control group with (P = 0.021), and not significant differences in mean of serum phosphorus concentration in case when compared with control with (P = 0.547). Also show serum CK activity in patients used hydroxyurea when compare with the mean of patients not used hydroxyurea it is significantly decrease with (P= 0.006)
A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic ManagementIOSRJPBS
A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic Management, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Background: To study the clinical presentation of amoebic dysentery and to study the results of Homeopathic management and treatment of amoebic dysentery. To assess the influence of miasm in the case of Amoebic Dysentery. Methodology: Thirty out-patients with clinically confirmed symptomatic cases of amoebic dysentery were entered trial and treated with Homoeopathic remedies on the basis of Homoeopathic principles with fixed criteria to know the results of treatment as recovered, improved or not improved. For the present study he patients who visited on Sriganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, Rajsthan, India and peripheral Out Patient Department were selected on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Totally 30 patients were selected for this study. At the end of the study it was observed that, out of 30 patients, 24 patients recovered (80%), 5 case improved (16.66%) and1case is not improved (3.3%). with the help ofsuitable homoeopathic medicines. Conclusion: There were no side effects during the treatment and it can be concluded that Homoeopathic Medicines can be help the patient to take a new lease on life
Biological Efficacy of Quassia Indica (Geratn) Nooteb and Centella Asiatica (...IOSRJPBS
Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of two selected plants, Quassia indica (Geartn) Nooteb and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban were tested against selected strains of bacteria viz; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sps, Bacillus thuringiensis, Klebsiella sps and Serratia sps using agar disc diffusion technique. Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts of seed and leaf of Q. indica and leaf of C. asiatica showed moderate to significant antimicrobial activity. Of the four extracts tested, petroleum ether and water fractions showed more activity against all the bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of the active fractions for the petroleum ether ranged from 8.57 to 12.63 mm and 8.53 to 14.5mm for the water fraction of Q. indica seed and leaf and C. asiatica leaf; and exhibited comparable results with widely used commercial antimicrobial agents (16 to19 mm for Kanamycin and 14 to 17mm for Cefotaxime). The results prove the efficacy of the most active fractions of the selected plant extracts to be used for developing potent antimicrobial formulations.
Comparative Testing of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extract of Bergenia ...IOSRJPBS
The aim of this research was to formulate a gel comprising of the both extracts of Bergenia ligulata rhizomes and Butea monosperma flowers that would aid in wound healing by exhibiting antibacterial activity at the site of wound infection if any. As per the literature survey conducted it was found that aqueous extract of Bergenia ligulata rhizomes and ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma flowers have good potential of antibacterial activity. Hence this antibacterial activity was studied with the help of agar well-diffusion assay method, against the micro-organisms-S. aureus, MRSA, Pr. vulgaris, and E.coli . Both these extracts were obtained through Soxhlet extraction process and this process was optimized to get maximum yield of extraction. By agar gel well- diffusion assay at the concentration of about 100µg/mL both the extracts exhibited maximum zone of inhibition. This concentration was helpful in deciding the dose for topical gel formulation.
Yield Performances of Pleurotus ostreatus on Different Growth Substrates as I...IOSRJPBS
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of some vegetables (Diplazium sammatii, Moringa oleifera, and Justicia insularis) as additives on the growth parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on two substrates; banana leaves (BL) and banana leaves/sawdust (BL/SD). The substrates were amended with these vegetables at different concentration levels (0 g, 5 g, 10 g and 15 g). Spawn running was completed in 30, 35, and 40 days in banana leaves, banana leaves/sawdust and the control respectively. Parameters assessed included area of pileus, number of fruit bodies, fresh weight, dry weight, length of stipe and girth of stipe. Higher mean values for fresh weight (21.69 g), area of pileus (42.58 cm2 ), length of stipe (5.10 g) and girth of stipe (4.30 g) were obtained from BL substrate treated to 5 g M. oleifera leaf powder. These values were significantly different from values obtained for other plant additives. Considering the number of fruit bodiesthat emerged on BL/SD substrates, the control produced more fruit bodies than the substrates with additives. The best performance in BL/SD substrates was observed when the substrate was treated to 10 g J. insularis in some of the parameters assessed. These included fresh weight (20.64 g), number of fruit bodies (8.00) and stipe girth (3.44 cm).Other parameters like area of pileus (36.08 cm2 ) and dry weight (2.39 cm), control had a better performance. While for length of stipe, 15 g M. oleifera leaf powder had the highest mean value that was significantly different (P≤0.05) from what was observed in substrates amended with other additives. It is therefore evident that these vegetables have high potential for utilization as additives or supplements for growing of Pleurotus ostreatus especially when using BL as substrates. In addition, substratesadditive concentration combination played a significant role in selective organ growth of the test mushroom.
Dermatoglification Analysis for Selection and Training of Sports TalentsIOSRJPBS
: The term sports talent can be defined as the individual who, through his inherited and acquired conditions, has a special ability for sports performance, above the average of the general population. Fingerprints are genetic markers and can function as indicators of sporting talents. The objective of the present study was to use dermatoglyphics to identify the genetic-physical profile of soccer athletes. Twenty-four athletes belonging to the Palmeiras Sports Society Athletes' Capture Center participated in this study in the Nordeste sub-category category 16. The dermatoglyphic protocol of Cummins and Midlo (1961) was used. Standard fingerprint indices were calculated: the number of drawings for the 10 fingers and the delta index (D10). We also analyzed the types of digital formulas that indicate the representation in individuals of different types of drawings. Based on the classification of Fernandes (2002), the group presented somatofunctional classification for height, velocity and explosive strength, due to the delta index of 11.54. We conclude that dermatoglyphics can be a parameter to identify the potentiality of an individual and can be incorporated into a policy of selection and formation of sports talent.
Establishment of suspension cultures of Salvadora persica L. for benzyl isoth...IOSRJPBS
Successful scale-upof the anticancer benzyl isothiocyanate compound production was achieved from cell suspension cultures of Salvadora persica L. Cell cultures were established from the stem internodal segments derived callus. Elicitation with two biotic elicitors; chitosan and salicylic acid, increased callus biomass and benzyl isothiocyanate accumulation, but chitosan induced the maximum accumulation, which reached about four-fold higher over the control at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Benzyl isothiocyanate production from cell suspension cultures was studied in shake-flask culture and stirred-tank bioreactor with the application of the optimum concentration of chitosan in the medium. Both methods elevate the compound production; however its yield was higherin the stirred-tank bioreactor.It achieved about eight-fold increase in the production of benzyl isothiocyanate after 24 days of incubation. This protocol can act as a roadmap for large-scale production of benzyl isothiocyanate from cell suspension cultures ofSalvadora persica by using bioreactors
Antimicrobial Activity of Bauhinia Purpurea (L) by Minimum Inhibitory Concent...IOSRJPBS
MIC methods are widely used in the comparative testing of new agents, or when a more accurate result is required for clinical management. As there are no CLSI (formerly NCCLS) recommendations for the determination of MICs of varies bio-compounds against gram positive and gram negative organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration (in μg/ml) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria. In Diagnostic laboratories these MIC’S are used to confirm resistance and also most often used to determine antimicrobial invitro activity. In the present MIC method, one can get the information about Antibiotic agent, preparation of stock solutions, media and inoculation, conditions of incubation, ultimately reading and interpretation of results. The present study is focused to evaluate antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract and purified fractions of Bauhinia purpurea using a gram-positive and a gram-negative organisms Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella, E.coli and enterococcus
Evaluations of Some Biological Properties of Ethanolic Leave Extract of Costu...IOSRJPBS
Costus afer plant has been known to the traditionalist for a very long time. The locals having realized its medicinal potentials have employed it in a variety of ways. This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial, biochemical and CNS depressant properties of ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer in albino mice and anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. Ninety albino mice (22-29g) of both sexes were selected and divided into eighteen groups of five mice each. Four groups for analgesic activity, three groups for in-vivo clothing time, four groups for spontaneous locomotor activity, three groups for heamatological evaluation and four groups for phenobarbitone induced hypnosis. Twenty albino rats (180-200g) of both sexes were also selected and divided into four groups of five rats each and used for anti-inflammatory activity. In all, the control groups receive 0.2ml of normal saline while two dose groups of the extract was used 400 and 1200mg/kg representing low and high dose in the treatment group. Indomethacin, Phenobarbitone, Chropromazine, Indomethacine, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as reference drug for anlagesic activity, locomotor activity, hypnosis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal test respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer was performed. The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides and terpenoids whereas anthraquinones, essential oil and phlobatannins were absent. The results obtained shows that ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer posses antibacterial activity but no antifungal activity. There was a dose dependent increase in analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities, bleeding/clotting time and CNS activity. The hematological evaluation of the leaves of costusafer shows that the extract has no noticeable effect on the HB, PCV, RBC, but decreases the WBC, platelet count, neutrophils and lymphocytes components of the blood, also the clotting/bleeding time was seen to increase dose dependently in the treated groups. In conclusion, ethanol extract of costus afer ker Gawl leaves possess antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activity.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age Group
1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. - Feb.2017), PP 01-05
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/3008-1201020105 www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in
Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age Group
Dr. Siva Rami Reddy. E
BHMS, MD, Ph.D Scholar
Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
Abstract: A Brief study of efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in controlling tonsillitis in paediatric age group,
Sri ganganagar, (Raj) India.
Background: Tonsillitis is one of the most common conditions in childhood with recurrent attacks which will
result in sever complication. Homoeopathy is giving better result in treating tonsillitis both in acute and chronic
recurrent episodes. The objective were to evaluate the constitutional remedial action in case of Tonsillitis and to
analyze group of constitutional remedies effective in the treatment of tonsillitis in Paediatric age group.
Methodology: A hospital based observational study was carried out on Sriganganagar Homoeopathic Medical
College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, Raj. The study group of 30 was selected based on
purposive sampling method. This is before and after without control type of experimental study. 30 diagnosed
cases were considered. Data collected were analysed and inferred with T test used to calculate.
Result: The overall response of the treatment with the help of 10 Homoeopathic medicines. It was observed that
out of 30 patients, 18 (60%) patient were cured, 10 (33%) patients improved, 2 (7%) patients showed no
response. This study reflects the predominance of Psoric Miasm in the cases of Tonsillitis. Out of 30 cases, 14 (
46.67%) cases were purely Psoric, 13 (43.33%) cases were Sycosis, 1 (3.33%) cases were Tubercular, 2 (
6.67%) cases were Syphilis.
Conclusion: Homoeopathic constitutional remedies are very effective in treating tonsillitis in paediatric age
group. There were no side effects during the treatment.
Keywords: Tonsillitis, Constitutional Homoeopathic Medicine, Miasm, Outcome.
I. Introduction
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils. Along with the pharyngeal tonsils, the
adenoids and the lingual tonsils may also get inflamed involve other areas of back of throat including the
adenoids and the lingual tonsils. Tonsillitis may be caused due to any viral or bacterial infections or any other
immunological factor1
. It is very common in India. Children are more commonly affected2.
Tonsillitis signifies
an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the tonsils; or the inflammation may involve the
whole gland and the surrounding tissue3
.The palatine tonsils consists of paired aggregates of lymphoid tissue.
They are located in the pocket formed between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles and the
overlying folds of mucosa, which make up the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. With the lingual tonsils,
the adenoids and the diffuse aggregates of pharyngeal submoucosal lymphoid tissue they make up waldeyers
ring, a complete circle of lymphoid tissue surrounding the entrance to the gstrointestional and respiratory tracts.
Historically they consist of lymphoid tissue with aggregates of lymphocytes arranged in a follicular
manner and embedded in a stoma of connective tissue. The stratified squamous mucosal covering of the tonsils
extends irregular convoluted investigations in to the parenchyma forming pits or crypts4
. Lymphoid tissue of
Waldeyer ring is most immunologically active between 4 – 10 years of age with a decrease after puberty5.
Types of Tonsillitis: Acute Tonsillitis: It is the acute inflammation and infection of the faucal tonsil (Palatine
tonsils)6
. Patient presents with sore throat, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odynophagia (painful
swallowing), foul breath, fever and tender cervical lymph nodes. Swelling may cause mouth breathing, snoring,
sleep apnoea. Malaise feeling and letharginess7
.
Recurrent tonsillitis: In this type of tonsillitis there are multiple episodes of acute tonsillitis in a year7
.
Chronic tonsillitis: chronic tonsillitis may be caused by repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis in which permanent
damage has been done to the tonsil, or it can occur when resolution has been imcomplete8
. A history of at least 3
to 4 attacks of acute tonsillitis in a year should be present to label it as chronic9
. Patient presents with chronic
sore throat, halitosis, tonsillitis, and cervical nodes are persistently tender7
.
Chronic Follicular Tonsillitis: usually follows acute or sub acute attacks, and is more common in children
between 4 and 15 years10
. Here tonsillar crypts are full of infected cheesy material which shows on the surface
as yellowish spots6
.
2. A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age
DOI: 10.9790/3008-1201020105 www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
Complications: Complications are uncommon, but some of the problems that can occur are: i. Peritonsillar
abscess: Sometimes the abscess formation occurs with severe throat pain, drooling and fever. The abscesses can
spread to the surrounding areas, such as the roof of mouth, neck, chest and lungs. Ii. Swelling of the face and
neck: Usually occurs in cases of Chronic tonsillitis and leads to airway obstruction and causes difficulty in
breathing and may lead to disturbed sleeping patterns. Iii. Otitis media (Middle ear infection): can also occur in
severe cases. Iv. Septicemia/ Blood poisoning:
May also occur in severe cases if bacteria get into bloodstream and multiply. V. Lemierre’s syndrome:
It is very rare and fatal complication in which bacteria from throat enters into the major veins in neck and travel
through bloodstream to lungs, joints and bones. Vi. Glomerulonephritis: It is a very rare complication
Treatment: Tonsillitis can be cured with the help of homoeopathic medicines with permanent restoration of
health. Even in many severe cases of Recurrent Tonsillitis where tonsillectomy is advised homoeopathic
medicines play a great role and surgical intervention can be avoid11
. Similia similibus Curentur – let likes be
treated with likes, as a system of drug – therapeutics based on the law of similar12
. Homoeopathy has no side-
effects. In homoeopathy, medicines enhances our resistance to fight and give no chance for recurrence due to re-
infection of same bacteria or virus. Herbert Spencer says, “Life is a continuous adjustment of internal relations
to external”13
.
The earlier the treatment started the speedier and more complete is the cure. In this, the immune power
is increased against disease, so that recurrence can surely be avoided. In homoeopathy, medicines are usually
selected with mode of onset and character of disease, exciting cause, thirst, sweat, shivering, mental restlessness
appetite etc. A well selected remedy quickly supports the body mechanism and clears the complaints at the
earliest14
.This study was conducted with aims to find the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine in controlling
tonsillitis in paediatric age group and to assess the influence of Miasm in the cases of tonsillitis.
II. Materials and Methodology
This study was conducted on the patients who attended the Out Patient department of Sri ganganagar
Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri ganganagar and the study was undertaken
for a period of six months. Detailed case was taken, analysis and evaluation following Homoeopathic principles
was done14
.The potency was selected on the basis of individual susceptibility. The outcomes were an
improvement of symptoms recorded in monthly basis individual symptoms which includes any appropriate
measures of Coughing, chronic sore throat, halitosis, tonsillitis, and cervical nodes are persistently tender,
Swelling may cause mouth breathing, snoring, sleep apnoea. Malaise feeling and lethargies. A number of
subgroups, homoeopathic potency, age group, and types of tonsillitis (Acute and Chronic) were analyzed.
Statistical Analysis: Data were presented as proportion and percentage and difference in proportion were
analyzed by using T test.
III. Result
Among 30 tonsillitis patients with mean ± SD, maximum cases were observed in age group of 0 – 5
years in 6 (20%) cases, 5 – 10 years in 16 (53.33%) cases, 10 – 15 years of age group had 8 (26.66%) cases.
Patients were in the male 13 (43.33%) and 17 (56.66%) patients were females. Out of 30 cases 17 (56.66%)
were females and 13 (43.33%) were males. In the age group 0 – 5 years 2 cases (6.66%) males, and 4 cases
(13.33%) females. In the group 5 – 10 years, 8 cases (26.66%) males, 8 cases (26.66%) females and in the age
group 10 – 15 there were 3 cases (10%) males, and cases (16.66%).Out of randomly selected cases 14 (46.66%)
cases suffering for 0 to 1 year, 6(20%) cases suffering for 1 to 2 years. 7 (23.33%) cases were suffering for 2 to
3 years, 3 (10%) cases suffering for 3 to 4 years.
Associated symptoms were the symptoms that had no direct relation with the disease but were present
in the patients of tonsillitis. It was observed that 9 patients (30%) of a tonsillitis had coryza. 9 patients (30%)
reported of having cough along with the symptoms of tonsillitis. Its was also observed that 3 patients (10%) of
tonsillitis had a problem of ear ache. Only 3 patients (10%) reported to have headache. 6 patients (20%) reported
generalized weakness. This study reflects the predominance of Psoric Miasm in the cases of Tonsillitis. Out of
30 cases as a Fundamental miasms Psoric expression was seen in 14 (46.67%) cases, Sycotic expression was
seen in 13 (43.33%) cases, Tubercular expression was seen in 1 case ( 3.33%), and syphilitic expression was
seen in 2 (6.67%) cases. Out of 30 cases Dominant Miasm Psoric expression was seen in 10 (33.33%) cases,
Sycotic expression was seen in 13 (43.33%) cases, and Tubercular expression was seen in 7 (23.33%) cases.
In the research of Homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of tonsillitis paediatric age group 10
medicines were prescribed to the patients according to the symptoms similarity and the following observations
were made. Silicea is the most effective medicine out of the total ten Homoeopathic medicines chosen for the
study. Silicea cured 3 patients and 3 got improvement hence it can be concluded that Silicea is more effective.
During the study it was found that the next effective medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis is clacarea
phosphorica. 1 cases got cured, 3 cases got improved, 1 patients not improved. Phosphorus 1 case got cured, 3
3. A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age
DOI: 10.9790/3008-1201020105 www.iosrjournals.org 3 | Page
cases improved, Baryta carbonica 2 cases cured, 1 case improved. Pulsatilla Pratensis 1 case cured, 1 case
improved and 1 case not improved. Clacarea Carbonica 1 case cured, 2 cases improved . Sulphur 2 cases
improved. Lycopodium Clavatum 1 case cured and 1 case improved. Baryta Iodata 1 case cured.Natrium
Muriaticum 1 case cured.The overall response of the treatment with the help 10 homoepathic medicines. It was
observed that out of 30 patient, 18 (60%) patients were cured, 10 (33%) patients had improvement, 2 (7%)
patients showed no response, 30 patients, 18 (60%) patient were cured, 10 (33%) patients improved, 2 (7%)
patients showed no response.
IV. Discussion
Tonsillitis is the most commonly seen infection among below 15 years of age children. It is one of the
most important inflammatory diseases of paediatric age group. A repeated attack leads to chronicity and other
systematic complications. The presenting complains may vary from systemic symptoms like fever, malaise, with
intolerable throat pain, dysphasia and sore throat. As the age progresses the symptoms and severity decrease.
The study was conducted on the patients who attended the Out Patient department at Sriganganagar
Homoeopathic Medical college, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar. The patients, children of age 1 –
13 years were selected for the study. Both sexes were included and who belong to different socio economic
group were taken as per inclusion criteria. A total of 30 cases were selected. Minimum duration of study was 6
months. The statistical analysis made here is based on the data obtained from 30 cases. This study was
conducted to prove the efficiency of the treatment for successful management of tonsillitis and arrive at a
constitutional Homoeopathic remedies frequently indicated in such as a condition.
Out of 30 cases silicea was indicated in 6 cases (20%), phosphorus in 5 cases (16.66%), calcarea
phosphorica in 4 cases (13.33%), Baryta carbonica in 3 cases (10%), Pulsaatilla Pratensis in 3 cases (10%),
calcarea carbonica in 3 cases (10%), Sulphur in 2 cases (6.66%) and Lycopodium Clavatum in cases 2 cases
(6.66%). Other remedies like Baryta Iodata in 1 case (3.33%) and Natrium Muriaticum in 1 cases (3.33%).
Therefore, the final outcome after the treatment was 18 (60%) cases showed improved, 10 (33.33%) cases
cured, and 2 (6.66%) cases were not improved. From the analysis of the results obtained it is obvious that the
constitutional Homoeopathic drugs are very effective in the treatment of Tonsillitis of Paediatric age Group.
V. Conclusion
The research shows that Homoeopathic medicine play an important role in the treatment of tonsillitis in
paediatric age group. The study depicts that 60% of patients got relief from the Homoeopathy medicines and
this is not a small number. The most effective remedies during the study were silicea, Calcarea Phosphorica,
Phosphorus, Baryta Carbonica, Pulsatilla Pratensis, Calcarea Carbonica, Lycopodium Clavatum, Baryta Iodata,
Natrium Muriaticum. There were no side effective during the treatment and it can be concluded that
homoeopathic medicines can be help the patient to take a new lease on life.During the study it was observed that
in almost all the cases the homoeopathic medicines responded well and the patient not only got rid of the main
complaints of Tonsillitis but also got rid of the associated complaints with restoration of health. With the help of
use of homoeopathic medicines even surgical intervention was avoided. Thus we can conclude that
Homoeopathic medicines used with holistic approach are very effective in treating the cases of recurrent
tonsillitis.
Bibliography
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4. A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age
DOI: 10.9790/3008-1201020105 www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
5. A Brief Study of Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in Controlling Tonsillitis in Paediatric Age
DOI: 10.9790/3008-1201020105 www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page
Distribution of Tonsillitis According to Sex
Sex No. Of Cases Percentage (%)
Male 13 43.33%
Female 17 56.66%
Total 30 100%
Distribution of Tonsillitis According to Age Group
Distribution of Treatment Out Come in Tonsillitis
Out come to Treatment No. Of Cases Percentage (%)
Cured 18 60%
Improved 10 33%
Not improved 2 7%
Total 30 100%
Distribution of Drugs used in Treatment of Tonsillitis
Drugs No. Of Cases Percentage%
Silicea 6 20.00%
Phosphorus 5 16.6%6
Calcarea Phosphorica 4 13.33%
Baryta Carbonica 3 10.00%
Pulsatilla Pratensis 3 10.00%
Calcarea Carbonica 3 10.00%
Sulphur 2 6.66%
Lycopodium Clavatum 2 6.66%
Baryta Iodata 1 3.33%
Natrium Muriaticum 1 3.33%
Total 30 100%
Age Group No. Of Cases Percentage (%)
0 – 5 6 20.00%
5 – 10 16 53.33%
10 – 15 8 26.66%
Total 30 100%