A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic Management, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Background: To study the clinical presentation of amoebic dysentery and to study the results of Homeopathic management and treatment of amoebic dysentery. To assess the influence of miasm in the case of Amoebic Dysentery. Methodology: Thirty out-patients with clinically confirmed symptomatic cases of amoebic dysentery were entered trial and treated with Homoeopathic remedies on the basis of Homoeopathic principles with fixed criteria to know the results of treatment as recovered, improved or not improved. For the present study he patients who visited on Sriganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, Rajsthan, India and peripheral Out Patient Department were selected on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Totally 30 patients were selected for this study. At the end of the study it was observed that, out of 30 patients, 24 patients recovered (80%), 5 case improved (16.66%) and1case is not improved (3.3%). with the help ofsuitable homoeopathic medicines. Conclusion: There were no side effects during the treatment and it can be concluded that Homoeopathic Medicines can be help the patient to take a new lease on life
Ascaris lumbricoides and other Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites among Qe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Etiology and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of the Microorganism Associate...inventionjournals
This study proposes to meet the most common aetiologic agents in urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. We analyzed all bacteriological examinations of urine recorded in Central Laboratory do Piauí-LACEN situated in the municipality of Teresina-PI of patients seen in December 2013 period through April 2014. It was observed that were filed during the designated period urine, 1647. Of these, 109 were positive cultural examination. Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism (71.6%), followed by the genus Klebsiella (14.7%), by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8) and Proteus mirabilis (1.8%). In relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp feature high resistance to antimicrobials Amoxicillin, Piperacilina, Cephalotin, Ceftazidime and Quinolones. To the Enterobacteria in study, Imipeneme, Netilmicin and Amikacin were the antimicrobials with higher degree of susceptibility. In respect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, antimicrobials were more effective, the Imipeneme and Amikacin. In this way, the need to periodically reviews the ITU for being a promising environment for bacterial infection and to understand the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities, for part of the main etiological agents, over time.
Assessment of Zooplankton Diversity in Kosavampatti Lake at Namakkal District...BRNSS Publication Hub
Kosavampatti Lake is a historical lake situated in Namakkal district. A lake usually helps in recharging groundwater, and the trees in and around the lake serve as a nesting place for birds. Zooplankton is the vital constituents of water flora which aids as the main component of the aquatic food chain. It sustains appropriate equilibrium between biotic and abiotic components of the water ecosystem. The present study aimed to deal with zooplankton diversity in Kosavampatti Lake. The investigation was carried out for 1 year, i.e., October 2017–September 2018. During the study period, the zooplankton population of Kosavampatti Lake water is characterized by five various classes, namely Protozoa, Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracods, and Rotifera, with 19 different species which were noted and documented in Kosavampatti Lake. The main classes of Rotifera are the highest groups among zooplankton and the density of zooplankton community was higher in summer and lesser in monsoon. The results of various kinds of diversity indices strongly indicate that Kosavampatti Lake is absolutely polluted in nature.
Shigellosis and Socio-Demography of hospitalized Patients in Kano, North-West...inventionjournals
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalent of Shigellosis in relation to socio-demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients in Kano metropolis. Study design: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: One milliliter of venous blood was collected from each patient with some or all clinical features of Shigellosis that sign a consent form and transfer into EDTA bottles. If daily is unavoidable blood samples were stored at 4 0C. Samples were analyzed at the both laboratories of the authors. This work was carried out between May, 2012 and March, 2014. Methodology: The blood specimens were cultured in thioglycollate broth and sub-cultured onto deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) and brilliant Green agar (BGA) followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and analytical profile index 20E. Serologic identification of Shigella was performed by slide agglutination test using polyvalent O and H Shigella antisera. Results: Although, the relationship between different age groups was not significantly associated (P < 0.05), patients under age bracket of 21-30 years were found to be more susceptible to Shigella infections with 13 representing 2.6% followed in that order by 11-20 years (6), , ≤10 -years (4) 31-40 years (3) and >40 years (2) age groups, representing 1.2%, 0.8%, 0.6% and 0.4% respectively. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment. However, there was a significant difference between the rate of Salmonella infections and sociodemographic characteristics of patients studied (p<0.05).> 0.05) in males than the females’ patients. However, Shigella flexneri was the most common among patients followed by Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei in decreasing order. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment.
The lecture was presented during the 13th annual conference of KLRC held in Alexandria 15 -17 August 2017
The lecture was directed to describe the current situation of H.Pylori infection in middle east ,particularly in Egypt , and to put some spotlights on the current regimens of treatment , and the situation of antibiotic resistance in Egypt and its impact on treatment choice
Ascaris lumbricoides and other Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites among Qe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Etiology and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of the Microorganism Associate...inventionjournals
This study proposes to meet the most common aetiologic agents in urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. We analyzed all bacteriological examinations of urine recorded in Central Laboratory do Piauí-LACEN situated in the municipality of Teresina-PI of patients seen in December 2013 period through April 2014. It was observed that were filed during the designated period urine, 1647. Of these, 109 were positive cultural examination. Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism (71.6%), followed by the genus Klebsiella (14.7%), by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8) and Proteus mirabilis (1.8%). In relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp feature high resistance to antimicrobials Amoxicillin, Piperacilina, Cephalotin, Ceftazidime and Quinolones. To the Enterobacteria in study, Imipeneme, Netilmicin and Amikacin were the antimicrobials with higher degree of susceptibility. In respect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, antimicrobials were more effective, the Imipeneme and Amikacin. In this way, the need to periodically reviews the ITU for being a promising environment for bacterial infection and to understand the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities, for part of the main etiological agents, over time.
Assessment of Zooplankton Diversity in Kosavampatti Lake at Namakkal District...BRNSS Publication Hub
Kosavampatti Lake is a historical lake situated in Namakkal district. A lake usually helps in recharging groundwater, and the trees in and around the lake serve as a nesting place for birds. Zooplankton is the vital constituents of water flora which aids as the main component of the aquatic food chain. It sustains appropriate equilibrium between biotic and abiotic components of the water ecosystem. The present study aimed to deal with zooplankton diversity in Kosavampatti Lake. The investigation was carried out for 1 year, i.e., October 2017–September 2018. During the study period, the zooplankton population of Kosavampatti Lake water is characterized by five various classes, namely Protozoa, Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracods, and Rotifera, with 19 different species which were noted and documented in Kosavampatti Lake. The main classes of Rotifera are the highest groups among zooplankton and the density of zooplankton community was higher in summer and lesser in monsoon. The results of various kinds of diversity indices strongly indicate that Kosavampatti Lake is absolutely polluted in nature.
Shigellosis and Socio-Demography of hospitalized Patients in Kano, North-West...inventionjournals
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalent of Shigellosis in relation to socio-demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients in Kano metropolis. Study design: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: One milliliter of venous blood was collected from each patient with some or all clinical features of Shigellosis that sign a consent form and transfer into EDTA bottles. If daily is unavoidable blood samples were stored at 4 0C. Samples were analyzed at the both laboratories of the authors. This work was carried out between May, 2012 and March, 2014. Methodology: The blood specimens were cultured in thioglycollate broth and sub-cultured onto deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) and brilliant Green agar (BGA) followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and analytical profile index 20E. Serologic identification of Shigella was performed by slide agglutination test using polyvalent O and H Shigella antisera. Results: Although, the relationship between different age groups was not significantly associated (P < 0.05), patients under age bracket of 21-30 years were found to be more susceptible to Shigella infections with 13 representing 2.6% followed in that order by 11-20 years (6), , ≤10 -years (4) 31-40 years (3) and >40 years (2) age groups, representing 1.2%, 0.8%, 0.6% and 0.4% respectively. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment. However, there was a significant difference between the rate of Salmonella infections and sociodemographic characteristics of patients studied (p<0.05).> 0.05) in males than the females’ patients. However, Shigella flexneri was the most common among patients followed by Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei in decreasing order. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment.
The lecture was presented during the 13th annual conference of KLRC held in Alexandria 15 -17 August 2017
The lecture was directed to describe the current situation of H.Pylori infection in middle east ,particularly in Egypt , and to put some spotlights on the current regimens of treatment , and the situation of antibiotic resistance in Egypt and its impact on treatment choice
Hematological and biochemical alterations in malaria and their correlation wi...iosrphr_editor
Malaria is a major health problem in India with 1.04 million cases reported in 2012 leading to 504 deaths. The clinical spectrum depends on the infecting species, level of parasitemia and the immune status of the host. Malaria pathogenesis is based on extensive changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The objective of this study was to study the clinical features, hematological and biochemical parameters in malaria patients and correlate them with the parasitic index (PI). Material and methods: We conducted a study on 300 malaria patients. The frequency of various symptoms and signs of malaria caused by various plasmodium species were determined. The degree of anemia, WBC count, platelet count serum bilirubin, liver enzymes and serum creatinine levels were studied and their variation depending on the parasitic index was documented. Results: 197 patients had vivax malaria, 76 patients had falciparum malaria and 27 patients had mixed infection. 171 patients had a PI of less than 2%, 100 patients had PI between 2 to 5%, 23 patients had PI between 5 to 10% and only 6 patients had PI of more than 10%. 72.3% of patients had thrombocytopenia, 46.66% had anaemia, 25% had increased bilirubin 29.66% showed increased liver enzymes and 7.66% had increased creatinine levels. Conclusion: There was a correlation between degree of parasitemia and severity of malaria in majority of cases. Derangements in hematological and biochemical parameters were more frequently seen in patients with higher PI. Hence PI can be used as an indicator by the clinician to know the severity of infection and plan appropriate treatment.
—India constitutes about one fourth of the Global TB burden. Cutaneous TB is less common clinical form of tuberculosis accounting for 1-2 % of the total extra-pulmonary cases. Objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of Cutaneous TB presenting in the Skin Outpatient Department (OPD). Patients presenting with clinically suspected skin lesions of Cutaneous TB from January 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. Dermatological and systemic examination was carried out and histopathogical examination of skin punch biopsy was done. It was observed that out of a total of sixty patients, 45 (75%) patients were found to have features of Cutaneous TB on histopathology. Lupus vulgaris (42.2%) was the most common form of Cutaneous TB. Most patients were in age group of 11-30 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Most common sites of involvement were lower limbs and neck. Mantoux test was positive(≥15 mm induration) in 66.7% cases. Typical tuberculoid histology was found in 91.1% cases. No cases of tuberculids were seen and non-specific chronic inflammation was seen in six cases. It was concluded that Cutaneous TB may present with different morphological patterns resembling other inflammatory, infective and neoplastic conditions. Proper and thorough investigations are necessary for detection of Cutaneous TB as the annual incidence of total TB cases in India is high.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder with many different putative influences mediating disease onset, severity, progression and diminution. Spontaneous natural IBD is classically expressed as Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) commonly found in primates; lymphoplasmocytic enteritis, eosinophilic gastritis and colitis, and ulcerative colitis with neuronal hyperplasia in dogs; and colitis in horses. Spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease has been noted in a
number of rodent models which differ in genetic strain background, induced mutation, microbiota influences and immunopathogenic pathways. Histological lesions in Crohn’s Disease feature noncaseating granulomatous inflammation while UC lesions typically exhibit ulceration, lamina propria inflammatory infiltrates and lack of granuloma development. Intestinal inflammation caused by CD and UC is also associated with increased incidence of intestinal neoplasia. Transgenic murine models have determined underlying etiological influences and appropriate therapeutic targets in IBD. This literature review will discuss current opinion and findings in spontaneous IBD, highlight selected transgenic rodent models of IBD and discuss their respective pathogenic mechanisms. It is very important to provide accommodation of induced putative deficits in activities of daily living and to assess discomfort and pain levels in the face of significant morbidity and/or mortality in these models. Epigenetic, environmental
(microbiome, metabolome) and nutritional factors are important in IBD pathogenesis, and evaluating ways in which they influence disease expression represent potential investigative approaches with the greatest potential for new discoveries.
Bacteriuria in Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Benghazi Acomparative StudyIOSRJPBS
Background: Bacteriuria is associated with significant maternal and foetal risks. However, its prevalence is not well known in our community. Objectives: Determine the prevalence and predictors of bacteriuria in women of the Benghazi, Libya as well as the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates. Methods: Across-sectional study was carried out amongst pregnant and non pregnant women attending many poly clinics in Benghazi. We recruited 120 consenting women (60 pregnant and 60 non pregnant) for the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Clean catch midstream urine was collected from each participant. Samples were examined biochemically, microscopically and by culture. Significant bacteriuria was defined as the presence of 105 bacteria per ml of cultured urine. Identification and susceptibility of isolates was performed using API (BioMerieux, France Company) . Results: Significant bacteriuria was found in the urine of 13.3 % (16) of all women with prevalence of 16.7% in pregnant women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was detected in 8.3 % (10). The most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus(31.2%),Escherichia coli (25%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (18.9%), and were sensitive to gentamycin (GN) 87.5%, azithromycin (AZM)75%, and the less effective antibiotics were cephalexine (CL) and ampicillin(AMP) Conclusion: Bacteriuria is frequent in women particularly pregnant women suggesting the need for routine screening by urine culture,which would allow early treatment to avoid the complications. In addition, urinary tract infections appears to be multifactorial.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A total number of 74 coagulase negative Staphylococci were isolated from orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. They were further characterized into various Staphylococci species using API STAPH identification kit: Staph xylosus (31.1%), Staph lentus (10.8%), Staph hominis (10.8%), Staph cohnii cohnii (5.4%), Staph epidermidis (4.1%) others were Staph cohnii ureal., Staph hyicus, Staph lugdunensis (2.7% each) Staph caprae , Staph capitis, Staph haemolyticus, Staph scuiri, Staph chromogenes and Staph warneri (1.4% each). Microcossus spp was 8.2% while 13.5% isolates were undetermined. Kirby Baurer disk method was used for the antibiotics susceptibility test, the result showed gentamicin and ciprofloxacin to be most active (96.6%), followed by vancomycin (93.1) and pefloxacin (87.9). The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.6), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (65.5%), clindamycin 41.4%). The aim of this study is to classify the coagulase negative Staphylococci isolates into species and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility
Bacteriological and Mycological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media I...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Hematological and biochemical alterations in malaria and their correlation wi...iosrphr_editor
Malaria is a major health problem in India with 1.04 million cases reported in 2012 leading to 504 deaths. The clinical spectrum depends on the infecting species, level of parasitemia and the immune status of the host. Malaria pathogenesis is based on extensive changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The objective of this study was to study the clinical features, hematological and biochemical parameters in malaria patients and correlate them with the parasitic index (PI). Material and methods: We conducted a study on 300 malaria patients. The frequency of various symptoms and signs of malaria caused by various plasmodium species were determined. The degree of anemia, WBC count, platelet count serum bilirubin, liver enzymes and serum creatinine levels were studied and their variation depending on the parasitic index was documented. Results: 197 patients had vivax malaria, 76 patients had falciparum malaria and 27 patients had mixed infection. 171 patients had a PI of less than 2%, 100 patients had PI between 2 to 5%, 23 patients had PI between 5 to 10% and only 6 patients had PI of more than 10%. 72.3% of patients had thrombocytopenia, 46.66% had anaemia, 25% had increased bilirubin 29.66% showed increased liver enzymes and 7.66% had increased creatinine levels. Conclusion: There was a correlation between degree of parasitemia and severity of malaria in majority of cases. Derangements in hematological and biochemical parameters were more frequently seen in patients with higher PI. Hence PI can be used as an indicator by the clinician to know the severity of infection and plan appropriate treatment.
—India constitutes about one fourth of the Global TB burden. Cutaneous TB is less common clinical form of tuberculosis accounting for 1-2 % of the total extra-pulmonary cases. Objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of Cutaneous TB presenting in the Skin Outpatient Department (OPD). Patients presenting with clinically suspected skin lesions of Cutaneous TB from January 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. Dermatological and systemic examination was carried out and histopathogical examination of skin punch biopsy was done. It was observed that out of a total of sixty patients, 45 (75%) patients were found to have features of Cutaneous TB on histopathology. Lupus vulgaris (42.2%) was the most common form of Cutaneous TB. Most patients were in age group of 11-30 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Most common sites of involvement were lower limbs and neck. Mantoux test was positive(≥15 mm induration) in 66.7% cases. Typical tuberculoid histology was found in 91.1% cases. No cases of tuberculids were seen and non-specific chronic inflammation was seen in six cases. It was concluded that Cutaneous TB may present with different morphological patterns resembling other inflammatory, infective and neoplastic conditions. Proper and thorough investigations are necessary for detection of Cutaneous TB as the annual incidence of total TB cases in India is high.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder with many different putative influences mediating disease onset, severity, progression and diminution. Spontaneous natural IBD is classically expressed as Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) commonly found in primates; lymphoplasmocytic enteritis, eosinophilic gastritis and colitis, and ulcerative colitis with neuronal hyperplasia in dogs; and colitis in horses. Spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease has been noted in a
number of rodent models which differ in genetic strain background, induced mutation, microbiota influences and immunopathogenic pathways. Histological lesions in Crohn’s Disease feature noncaseating granulomatous inflammation while UC lesions typically exhibit ulceration, lamina propria inflammatory infiltrates and lack of granuloma development. Intestinal inflammation caused by CD and UC is also associated with increased incidence of intestinal neoplasia. Transgenic murine models have determined underlying etiological influences and appropriate therapeutic targets in IBD. This literature review will discuss current opinion and findings in spontaneous IBD, highlight selected transgenic rodent models of IBD and discuss their respective pathogenic mechanisms. It is very important to provide accommodation of induced putative deficits in activities of daily living and to assess discomfort and pain levels in the face of significant morbidity and/or mortality in these models. Epigenetic, environmental
(microbiome, metabolome) and nutritional factors are important in IBD pathogenesis, and evaluating ways in which they influence disease expression represent potential investigative approaches with the greatest potential for new discoveries.
Bacteriuria in Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Benghazi Acomparative StudyIOSRJPBS
Background: Bacteriuria is associated with significant maternal and foetal risks. However, its prevalence is not well known in our community. Objectives: Determine the prevalence and predictors of bacteriuria in women of the Benghazi, Libya as well as the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates. Methods: Across-sectional study was carried out amongst pregnant and non pregnant women attending many poly clinics in Benghazi. We recruited 120 consenting women (60 pregnant and 60 non pregnant) for the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Clean catch midstream urine was collected from each participant. Samples were examined biochemically, microscopically and by culture. Significant bacteriuria was defined as the presence of 105 bacteria per ml of cultured urine. Identification and susceptibility of isolates was performed using API (BioMerieux, France Company) . Results: Significant bacteriuria was found in the urine of 13.3 % (16) of all women with prevalence of 16.7% in pregnant women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was detected in 8.3 % (10). The most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus(31.2%),Escherichia coli (25%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (18.9%), and were sensitive to gentamycin (GN) 87.5%, azithromycin (AZM)75%, and the less effective antibiotics were cephalexine (CL) and ampicillin(AMP) Conclusion: Bacteriuria is frequent in women particularly pregnant women suggesting the need for routine screening by urine culture,which would allow early treatment to avoid the complications. In addition, urinary tract infections appears to be multifactorial.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A total number of 74 coagulase negative Staphylococci were isolated from orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. They were further characterized into various Staphylococci species using API STAPH identification kit: Staph xylosus (31.1%), Staph lentus (10.8%), Staph hominis (10.8%), Staph cohnii cohnii (5.4%), Staph epidermidis (4.1%) others were Staph cohnii ureal., Staph hyicus, Staph lugdunensis (2.7% each) Staph caprae , Staph capitis, Staph haemolyticus, Staph scuiri, Staph chromogenes and Staph warneri (1.4% each). Microcossus spp was 8.2% while 13.5% isolates were undetermined. Kirby Baurer disk method was used for the antibiotics susceptibility test, the result showed gentamicin and ciprofloxacin to be most active (96.6%), followed by vancomycin (93.1) and pefloxacin (87.9). The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.6), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (65.5%), clindamycin 41.4%). The aim of this study is to classify the coagulase negative Staphylococci isolates into species and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility
Bacteriological and Mycological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media I...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Involvement of Helicobacter Pylori in the Genesis of Precancerous Stomach Les...semualkaira
Helicobacter Pylori is a bacterium involved in the genesis of precancerous lesions of the stomach. This infection is universally
prevalent but is higher in developing countries. A retrospective
study spread over 3 years (2018-2019-2020) was conducted at the
pathological anatomy laboratory of the Chadli Bendjedid Hospital
in El Tarf, northeast Algeria. All patients were submitted to a fiberscope, and the diagnosis was established by histological examination. The results show that of the 134 patients examined, 100%
were diagnosed with chronic gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori
infection was 61.94%; 63.86% of women were affected, and the
most susceptible age group was 50-59 years; 36.14% of men were
affected, mainly in the age group 30-39 years. Locally, the fundic antrum area appeared to be the most affected (81.93%) with
moderate chronic atrophic gastritis (78.57%) and silent activity
(94.28%), which favors the development of cancer cells.
Involvement of Helicobacter Pylori in the Genesis of Precancerous Stomach Les...semualkaira
Helicobacter Pylori is a bacterium involved in the genesis of precancerous lesions of the stomach. This infection is universally
prevalent but is higher in developing countries. A retrospective
study spread over 3 years (2018-2019-2020) was conducted at the
pathological anatomy laboratory of the Chadli Bendjedid Hospital
in El Tarf, northeast Algeria. All patients were submitted to a fiberscope, and the diagnosis was established by histological examination. The results show that of the 134 patients examined, 100%
were diagnosed with chronic gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori
infection was 61.94%; 63.86% of women were affected, and the
most susceptible age group was 50-59 years; 36.14% of men were
affected, mainly in the age group 30-39 years. Locally, the fundic antrum area appeared to be the most affected (81.93%) with
moderate chronic atrophic gastritis (78.57%) and silent activity
(94.28%), which favors the development of cancer cells.
Involvement of Helicobacter Pylori in the Genesis of Precancerous Stomach Les...semualkaira
Helicobacter Pylori is a bacterium involved in the genesis of precancerous lesions of the stomach. This infection is universally
prevalent but is higher in developing countries. A retrospective
study spread over 3 years (2018-2019-2020) was conducted at the
pathological anatomy laboratory of the Chadli Bendjedid Hospital
in El Tarf, northeast Algeria. All patients were submitted to a fiberscope, and the diagnosis was established by histological examination. The results show that of the 134 patients examined, 100%
were diagnosed with chronic gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori
infection was 61.94%; 63.86% of women were affected, and the
most susceptible age group was 50-59 years; 36.14% of men were
affected, mainly in the age group 30-39 years. Locally, the fundic antrum area appeared to be the most affected (81.93%) with
moderate chronic atrophic gastritis (78.57%) and silent activity
(94.28%), which favors the development of cancer cells.
Abdominal Tuberculosis Revisited–A single institutional experience of 72 case...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
: Parasitic water pollution in the Nile River (Schistosoma & Giardia lamblia)MenrvaSorial
Causative organism.
Geographical distribution.
Epidemiology & Risk factors.
Mode of Transmission.
Vector (if available).
Habitat.
Life cycle (including infective stage, Diagnostic stage, Final host, Intermediate host and Reservoir).
-According to your lab group assignment topic, you must mention at least two examples (Causative organisms) for the required type of parasitic infection and their prevalence in Egypt. -Then discuss briefly the mentioned examples covering all the following points:
As a pharmacist, how could you identify and confirm a patient with such disease?
(NB: Identification and confirmation include the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic tests in details)
What are the therapeutic options available (suggest a line of treatment).
How can we prevent & control such disease?
Study of Bacterial Isolates and their Susceptibility Pattern in Chronic Suppu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
SALMONELLA ARIZOANE: AN UNCOMMON UROPATHOGEN?Nuhu Tanko
Salmonella arizonae is usually an uncommon uropathogen from many studies. But from this study, it was the second most prevalent uropathogen after E.coli.
Studies on Seasonal Variations in the Occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium ...iosrjce
Urinary schistosomiasis in most cases is complicated with bacterial infections because the so called
normal flora of the genito- urinary tract has a better chance of entering and invading the underlying internal
tissues as a result of the constant tear and scar of the epithelium by the spiny schistosomal eggs. The study was
carried ou ton seasonal variations in the occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium and bacterial urinary
infections among school age children in 8 irrigation rural communities of four Local Government Areas of
Kano State from March 2012 to February 2013, in order to determine the incidence of S. haematobium and its
co-infection with bacterial pathogens among the pupils. Ethical clearance was sought from the State Universal
Basic Education Board (SUBEB). Midstream urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers and
transported to the laboratory in cold box for the laboratory procession. Urine sedimentation was carried out
using centrifugation method, followed by microscopic examination the of S. haematobium. Urinalysis was
carried out on each sample particularly to detect the presence of important makers of urinary schistosomiasis
and urinary tract infections. Sample culture was carried out on Blood Agar and cystein lactose electrolyte
deficiency (CLED) medium; Gram staining and biochemical analyses were carried out for characterization of
the Bacterial pathogens. A total of 960 pupils were examined (480 in each of the dry and rainy seasons
respectively), of which 306 (31.88%) were males and 112 (11.66%) were females; 165 (34.73%) male pupils
and 57 (11.88%) females were found to be infected with S. haematobium during the dry season whereas 141
(14.69%) males and 55 (5.73%) females were found to be infected during the rainy season. The highest
prevalence of 115 (23.96%) was found among the 11-13years age group in dry season while the lowest
prevalence of 12 (2.50%) was found among the 14-16years age group the dry seasons. In rainy season, the 11-
13 years age group had the highest prevalence (107) (22.29%) and 14-16years age group had the lowest
prevalence (17) (3.54%).With regard to urinary tract pathogens, (8) (0.83%) female pupils and 4 (0.42%) male
pupils were found to be infected during dry season while in rainy season, 70 (7.29%) females and 42 (4.38%)
male pupils were infected. Considering co-infection, the rainy season had highest prevalence (4.38%) while dry
season was found to have least prevalence (0.2%); the overall co-occurrence being 8.13%.The study shows no
significant relationship between S. haematobium and urinary tract pathogens and seasonal variation has no
profound effect on the occurrence of S. haematobium but plays an important role in urinary tract infections.
A cross sectional study on Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of cholecy...Innspub Net
Cholecystitis is the most common disease of gastro intestinal tract contributing for 10% disease burden. Most of the time it is infective in origin. In view of the emerging multi drug resistance organisms, there is a need for guidance in empirical antimicrobial therapy in every clinical setting. To study the bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at Mamatha General Hospital, Kammam over a period of 2 years from September 2010 to September 2012. A total number of 62 clinically diagnosed cases of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis subjected to elective cholecystectomy were included in the study. Bile and gall stone samples were collected and processed aerobically, anaerobically according to standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates by Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method and susceptibility pattern were recorded. A total number of 62 cases of cholecystitis were included in the study shows female preponderance of disease. Maximum number of cases belongs to 41 to 50 years age group. Out of 62 patients 62 bile samples and 58 gall stones specimen were collected and analyzed. Bile culture was positive in 24 cholelithiasis cases (41.37%), Gallstone culture was positive in 9 cases (15.51%). The two bile samples yielded anaerobic growth. Escherichia coli was the predominant organism in both samples. Bacterial isolates showing maximum susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactum (100%), amikacin (80%). To optimized empirical antimicrobial therapy in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis patients prior knowledge of the prevalence of various bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in is required.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus, and their nasa...Open Access Research Paper
The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus carriage among healthy food handlers at the students’ cafeteria at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri Nigeria was investigated. Nasal and throat swab samples were obtained from 54 food handlers, and analysed using standard microbiological methods. A total of 28 (51.9%) food handlers were positive for S. aureus. Twenty one of the food handlers (38.9%) harbor S. aureus in their nostrils, 11 (20.4%) in their throat, while 6(11.1%) harbor it in both their nostrils and throats. The exclusive colonization of the throat (20.4%) of the studied food handlers, demonstrated the importance of the throat as a site of colonization for S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates shows that all the isolated S. aureus were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and cefuroxime, but resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimazole. The isolates were also 25%, 28.6% and 35.7% susceptible to ampicillin, amoxycillin and erythromycin, respectively. This study has further shown the need for routine regular screening of food handlers for both nasal and throat carriage of S. aureus so as to detect early and treat carriers in order to protect the general public from staphylococcal food poisoning. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus isolated from the healthy food handlers is of great public health concern, as it shows a growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in the community. This study thus, recommends an urgent formulation of a national policy on antibiotics by the Nigerian government for regulation and management of antibiotics use.
Similar to A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic Management (20)
Cytogenetic an Experimental Monitoring Test for Plant ExtractsIOSRJPBS
More than two centuries have been passed since the chromosomes have been firstly observed in plant cells by Nageli in 1842. During this long period, chromosomes have been discovered in human cells and well recognized as a source of genes locations. The effects of chemicals and environmental pollution in human health and caners became an interested field of studying diver mutagens and their role in affecting the genetic materials. Cytogenetic tests were the main tools to evaluate the effects of those mutagens on human genome and chromosomes. Many techniques have been used for these purposes including in vitro and in vivo analyzing tests using human and animal cells. The intent of this article is to review the role of cytogenetic techniques in detecting the effects of mutagens on chromosomal aberrations and the role of plant extracts in monitoring these effects
Prevalence of Rota Virus Detection by Reverse TranscriptasePolymerase Chain R...IOSRJPBS
The present study was conducted for the period from 1/6/2016 to 20/1/2017 in Baquba city. The study aimed to detection of rotavirus in stool specimens of children fewer than five age and also explore the effects of certain demographic factors on the detection rates by revers transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. The study included 49 patients with acute diarrhea, 32 were male and 17 were female. The age range was two months to 5 years. Demographic information on the patients regarding age, sex, residence, type of feeding and source of drinking water were collected from their parents. Stool specimens were collected from each patients and. Detection of rotavirus in stool specimens was done by conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results of present study showed that the overall infection rate by rotavirus among patients with acute diarrhea by RT-PCR tests was 93.88%. The highest infection rate was recorded among those >10-≤15 months of age. None of the results showed significantly difference between female and male, PCR (88% vs 96.87%). Likewise, there was insignificantly difference between urban and rural residence, PCR (95.65% vs 92.30%). The results revealed insignificantly higher infection rate among patients (those below 2 years) feed mixing (91.66%) and bottled (100%) compared to that breast feeding (77.77%) by RT-PCR. The rotavirus infection rate was insignificantly higher among patients consuming municipal water for drinking (97.22%) compared to those consuming bottled water (84.61%) by the RT-PCR. The study concluded that rotavirus was detected in high rates among children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Baquba city, particularly those less than 2 year old.
Antidiabetic and Cytoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of SalaciaNitida ...IOSRJPBS
Objective:Many of the available therapies for diabetes have a number of serious adverse effects; therefore the search for more effective and safer hypoglycaemic agents becomes a paramount. This research was set to investigate the antidiabetic potential and cytoprotective effect of ethanolic root extract of Salacianitida on alloxan induced hyperglyceamic rats. Method:Acute toxicity and phytochemical constituents were evaluated using standardized methods. The study lasted for a period of thirty days comprising of two phases: induction phase and treatment phase. Thirty animals were grouped into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 and 2 serve as normal and toxic control respectively while groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with 750, 1500mg of S.nitidaand 5mg glibenclamide respectively. The BGL, food and fluid intake was monitored daily while the body weight was measured on weekly. The last day of the study after an overnight fast, the animals were loaded with glucose and the OGTT measured prior to and at 30minutes interval for two hours after which the animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia and the organs isolated for histological examination. Results/Conclusion:The results of the present study indicate that S.nitida possessantidiabetic potentials and cytoprotective effect noted in its significant percentage reduction in the glucose level, slight increase in body weight and restoration of the toxic organs to normal.
Anti Bacterial and Anti Oxidant Activities of Evolvulus Alsinoides LinnIOSRJPBS
: Plants are very important sources of potential useful raw materials as natural chemotherapeutic agents. Shankhpushpi is botanically termed as Evolvulus alsinoides; the extracts have exhibited antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and immunomodulatory activities. The present work is to investigate the invitro therapeutic potential activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides on the antimicrobial activity against five clinical pathogenic bacterial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebshiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhii, using agar well diffusion assay and Anti oxidant activity using 1-1-Diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Extract inhibited IC50: 40.2. Total phenolic content: 28.4 mg/ml & Total flavonoid content: 20.2 μg /ml. Evolvulus alsinoides (MIC): 512.5mg/ml possess 30 to 40 % inhibition, the antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts was more pronounced on the gram- negative bacteria Klebshiella pneumonia than the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The free radical scavenging activity of methanolic activity of whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides increase in a concentration dependent manner, and posses statistically significance DPPH free radical scavenging & Anti microbial activities
A Study on Biomarkers in a Spatially Distributed Type – 2 Diabetes mellitus G...IOSRJPBS
Diabetes, a dreaded disease already ravaged a huge population worldwide, whether it is inherited through generations or invited by the people by their uncontrolled way of life is still obscure. Biomarkers assay is a boon to the diseased to opt proper prophylactic measures to curb or eradicate diseases. The elevated levels of various biomarkers related to inflammation of vital organs, liver function, kidney function and other vital parameters in our diabetic cases reveals the extent of organ(s) damage in these subjects. It is also evident that the levels of various biomarkers are similar in our diabetic subjects, irrespective of their habits or habitats.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Flora of Kansai Basin at Lalgarh of Paschim Medinipur District in West Bengal...IOSRJPBS
Flora is systematic enumeration of plant species in a given community of a given ecosystem. It reflects the quality as well as the health of the ecosystem because the floral community are the producers which support the growth and development of ecosystem. It reflects the inflow of nutrients and recycling processes through bio-geochemical processes. Indiscriminate use of different chemicals and articles for different purposes produced by different leading factories for the modern development of human societies causes threat to the environment and loosing the biodiversity which significantly destroying the environment rapidly. The main reason is increasing load of human population which damaging the environment and degrading the ecosystem by pollution directly or indirectly. The present paper reflects the 57 floral elements under 29 families and the community structure including eco-degradation process which could be a starting point of extension through community research by a group of workers in future. Hope that interested people will come and take that opportunity to record the problems for future study and assessment about the dwindling ecosystem for our existence at Lalgarh.
Although ATP production is very important for mitochondria, little is known about the actual rate of production and the value of “unit of currency” for mitochondrial energy transactions. “Unit of currency” for all transactions in general is named “quantum” in Physics, and no value of ATP quantum is accurately given in bibliography, other than rough estimates. This work focuses to calculating produced energy unit in mitochondrial metabolism (Quantum for ATP, or QATP for sort) and the rate of ATP production (power of “mitochondrial factory”)
High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Saudi Children And Adolescents ...IOSRJPBS
Background: Vitamin D inadequacy constitutes an increasingly recognized comorbidity among Saudi populations. There were limited data about its prevalence in Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM in Albaha region, southwestern of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 Saudi children and adolescents with T1DM. These patients were recruited from Albaha diabetic center, Saudi Arabia. The range of age of the participants was 1 –18 years.. All participants were subjected to history taking including, age, gender, duration of diabetes, clinical presentation at the onset of diabetes. Measurement of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was done in all participants. Results: There were 117 Saudi children and adolescent with T1DM, 52 (44.4%) were boys, and 65 (55.6%) were girls with a mean age 8.8 ± 3.4 and 9.2 ± 3.9 for boys and girls respectively (p=0.52). The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels among them was 17.1± 10.1 ng/ml and the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 88.9% (59.9% of subjects had vitamin D deficiency and 29 % had vitamin D insufficiency) and 11.1% had sufficient levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. There was a significant difference in vitamin D level among different groups of vitamin D level (p˂ 0.001). The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was greater in the girls with 34.2%, as compared to 25.6% among boys. Vitamin D deficiency was more common among children in the range of age 1-10 years (52.1% vs 36.8%). In vitamin D deficient group, the mean levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in patients presented with DKA as compared to those presented with hyperglycemic symptoms (p= 0.016). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi children and adolescent with T1DM in Albaha region. This is more common in girls and in the younger age groups. Therefore, screening for vitamin D deficiency, creating awareness to increase sunlight exposure, increase the fortification of food products with vitamin D and vitamin D supplementation for these patients should be warranted to prevent future morbidity.
Development of Nimbolide from Seeds of Azadirachta Indica Extract Assisted by...IOSRJPBS
The recent studies on Nimbolide, a robust cervical anticancer agent was identified for the separation of Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica berry collected from Ranga Reddy- Dist, the seeds were initially isolated, dried and transformed into coarse powder. The seed core was defatted and concentrated using methanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The methanolic extract obtained from seeds is subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] by direct reverse phase method for isolation of Nimbolide using Molecular Docking of Nimbolide through Molecular Operatin Environment [MOE] 2008 software. This declared that Nimbolide has capability of binding 12.3% to a Glycine 131 undergoing polar interactions. Nimbolide was found to interact with Cyclin E, was redeemed from the Protein Data Bank [PDB code; 1W98]. It was observed that Nimbolide showed an satisfactory increased life span (54.32 and 65.16), decreased the viable cells (52.3±1.5 and 32.5±1.3), and tumor volume (3.2±0.03 and 2.4±0.04).
A Review on Different Benefits of MushroomIOSRJPBS
This paper reviews mushrooms. In this paper, nutritional and medicinal values, other uses of mushrooms were discussed. Mushrooms have been important in human history as food, as medicine, as legands, and in folk lore and religion. Mushrooms are basically consumed for their texture and flavor. They have recently become attractive as health - beneficent food and as sources for the development of drugs. Many higher mushrooms are known to contain a number of biologically active components that show promising antitumor and immunomodulating, cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic and antidiabetic effects. Nutritional value of mushrooms lies between that of meat and vegetables. The rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals and low in fat content (2-8%) unique chemicals constitution of mushrooms makes them low calorie food 8 and choice diet for those suffering from hypertension, arthrosclerosis, diabetes, obesity. Mushrooms play a role in the development of new biological remediation techniques and filtration technologies (e.g. using fungi to lower bacterial levels in contaminated water). From the review it was observed that developing countries should harness the potentials of mushrooms as this would boost the revenue income and healthy living. It is hoped that this paper would add to existing information on this fungus
Evaluation of plasma Creatine Kinase activity and Inorganic phosphate among S...IOSRJPBS
Background: CK and phosphorus are helpful biomarker for detection of early renalabnormality particularlyCK which has been shown to be abetter predicator of acute renal failure. Objectives: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.Conducted in Khartoum and White Nile state from March to June 2016.The aim of this study to assess serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations in Sudanese patients with sickle cell anemia. 80 subjects were enrolled in this study they were classified into 40 with sickle cell disease (SCD) as casegroup and 40 healthy apparently as control group. CK activity and phosphorus level was measured by using Spectrophotometry method. Results: The results showed significantly higher Ck activity in patients with SCD when compared with control group with (P = 0.021), and not significant differences in mean of serum phosphorus concentration in case when compared with control with (P = 0.547). Also show serum CK activity in patients used hydroxyurea when compare with the mean of patients not used hydroxyurea it is significantly decrease with (P= 0.006)
Biological Efficacy of Quassia Indica (Geratn) Nooteb and Centella Asiatica (...IOSRJPBS
Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of two selected plants, Quassia indica (Geartn) Nooteb and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban were tested against selected strains of bacteria viz; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sps, Bacillus thuringiensis, Klebsiella sps and Serratia sps using agar disc diffusion technique. Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts of seed and leaf of Q. indica and leaf of C. asiatica showed moderate to significant antimicrobial activity. Of the four extracts tested, petroleum ether and water fractions showed more activity against all the bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of the active fractions for the petroleum ether ranged from 8.57 to 12.63 mm and 8.53 to 14.5mm for the water fraction of Q. indica seed and leaf and C. asiatica leaf; and exhibited comparable results with widely used commercial antimicrobial agents (16 to19 mm for Kanamycin and 14 to 17mm for Cefotaxime). The results prove the efficacy of the most active fractions of the selected plant extracts to be used for developing potent antimicrobial formulations.
Comparative Testing of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extract of Bergenia ...IOSRJPBS
The aim of this research was to formulate a gel comprising of the both extracts of Bergenia ligulata rhizomes and Butea monosperma flowers that would aid in wound healing by exhibiting antibacterial activity at the site of wound infection if any. As per the literature survey conducted it was found that aqueous extract of Bergenia ligulata rhizomes and ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma flowers have good potential of antibacterial activity. Hence this antibacterial activity was studied with the help of agar well-diffusion assay method, against the micro-organisms-S. aureus, MRSA, Pr. vulgaris, and E.coli . Both these extracts were obtained through Soxhlet extraction process and this process was optimized to get maximum yield of extraction. By agar gel well- diffusion assay at the concentration of about 100µg/mL both the extracts exhibited maximum zone of inhibition. This concentration was helpful in deciding the dose for topical gel formulation.
Yield Performances of Pleurotus ostreatus on Different Growth Substrates as I...IOSRJPBS
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of some vegetables (Diplazium sammatii, Moringa oleifera, and Justicia insularis) as additives on the growth parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on two substrates; banana leaves (BL) and banana leaves/sawdust (BL/SD). The substrates were amended with these vegetables at different concentration levels (0 g, 5 g, 10 g and 15 g). Spawn running was completed in 30, 35, and 40 days in banana leaves, banana leaves/sawdust and the control respectively. Parameters assessed included area of pileus, number of fruit bodies, fresh weight, dry weight, length of stipe and girth of stipe. Higher mean values for fresh weight (21.69 g), area of pileus (42.58 cm2 ), length of stipe (5.10 g) and girth of stipe (4.30 g) were obtained from BL substrate treated to 5 g M. oleifera leaf powder. These values were significantly different from values obtained for other plant additives. Considering the number of fruit bodiesthat emerged on BL/SD substrates, the control produced more fruit bodies than the substrates with additives. The best performance in BL/SD substrates was observed when the substrate was treated to 10 g J. insularis in some of the parameters assessed. These included fresh weight (20.64 g), number of fruit bodies (8.00) and stipe girth (3.44 cm).Other parameters like area of pileus (36.08 cm2 ) and dry weight (2.39 cm), control had a better performance. While for length of stipe, 15 g M. oleifera leaf powder had the highest mean value that was significantly different (P≤0.05) from what was observed in substrates amended with other additives. It is therefore evident that these vegetables have high potential for utilization as additives or supplements for growing of Pleurotus ostreatus especially when using BL as substrates. In addition, substratesadditive concentration combination played a significant role in selective organ growth of the test mushroom.
Dermatoglification Analysis for Selection and Training of Sports TalentsIOSRJPBS
: The term sports talent can be defined as the individual who, through his inherited and acquired conditions, has a special ability for sports performance, above the average of the general population. Fingerprints are genetic markers and can function as indicators of sporting talents. The objective of the present study was to use dermatoglyphics to identify the genetic-physical profile of soccer athletes. Twenty-four athletes belonging to the Palmeiras Sports Society Athletes' Capture Center participated in this study in the Nordeste sub-category category 16. The dermatoglyphic protocol of Cummins and Midlo (1961) was used. Standard fingerprint indices were calculated: the number of drawings for the 10 fingers and the delta index (D10). We also analyzed the types of digital formulas that indicate the representation in individuals of different types of drawings. Based on the classification of Fernandes (2002), the group presented somatofunctional classification for height, velocity and explosive strength, due to the delta index of 11.54. We conclude that dermatoglyphics can be a parameter to identify the potentiality of an individual and can be incorporated into a policy of selection and formation of sports talent.
Establishment of suspension cultures of Salvadora persica L. for benzyl isoth...IOSRJPBS
Successful scale-upof the anticancer benzyl isothiocyanate compound production was achieved from cell suspension cultures of Salvadora persica L. Cell cultures were established from the stem internodal segments derived callus. Elicitation with two biotic elicitors; chitosan and salicylic acid, increased callus biomass and benzyl isothiocyanate accumulation, but chitosan induced the maximum accumulation, which reached about four-fold higher over the control at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Benzyl isothiocyanate production from cell suspension cultures was studied in shake-flask culture and stirred-tank bioreactor with the application of the optimum concentration of chitosan in the medium. Both methods elevate the compound production; however its yield was higherin the stirred-tank bioreactor.It achieved about eight-fold increase in the production of benzyl isothiocyanate after 24 days of incubation. This protocol can act as a roadmap for large-scale production of benzyl isothiocyanate from cell suspension cultures ofSalvadora persica by using bioreactors
Antimicrobial Activity of Bauhinia Purpurea (L) by Minimum Inhibitory Concent...IOSRJPBS
MIC methods are widely used in the comparative testing of new agents, or when a more accurate result is required for clinical management. As there are no CLSI (formerly NCCLS) recommendations for the determination of MICs of varies bio-compounds against gram positive and gram negative organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration (in μg/ml) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria. In Diagnostic laboratories these MIC’S are used to confirm resistance and also most often used to determine antimicrobial invitro activity. In the present MIC method, one can get the information about Antibiotic agent, preparation of stock solutions, media and inoculation, conditions of incubation, ultimately reading and interpretation of results. The present study is focused to evaluate antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract and purified fractions of Bauhinia purpurea using a gram-positive and a gram-negative organisms Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella, E.coli and enterococcus
Evaluations of Some Biological Properties of Ethanolic Leave Extract of Costu...IOSRJPBS
Costus afer plant has been known to the traditionalist for a very long time. The locals having realized its medicinal potentials have employed it in a variety of ways. This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial, biochemical and CNS depressant properties of ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer in albino mice and anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. Ninety albino mice (22-29g) of both sexes were selected and divided into eighteen groups of five mice each. Four groups for analgesic activity, three groups for in-vivo clothing time, four groups for spontaneous locomotor activity, three groups for heamatological evaluation and four groups for phenobarbitone induced hypnosis. Twenty albino rats (180-200g) of both sexes were also selected and divided into four groups of five rats each and used for anti-inflammatory activity. In all, the control groups receive 0.2ml of normal saline while two dose groups of the extract was used 400 and 1200mg/kg representing low and high dose in the treatment group. Indomethacin, Phenobarbitone, Chropromazine, Indomethacine, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as reference drug for anlagesic activity, locomotor activity, hypnosis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal test respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer was performed. The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides and terpenoids whereas anthraquinones, essential oil and phlobatannins were absent. The results obtained shows that ethanolic leave extract of Costus afer posses antibacterial activity but no antifungal activity. There was a dose dependent increase in analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities, bleeding/clotting time and CNS activity. The hematological evaluation of the leaves of costusafer shows that the extract has no noticeable effect on the HB, PCV, RBC, but decreases the WBC, platelet count, neutrophils and lymphocytes components of the blood, also the clotting/bleeding time was seen to increase dose dependently in the treated groups. In conclusion, ethanol extract of costus afer ker Gawl leaves possess antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activity.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of the Flavonoid-rich Fraction of th...IOSRJPBS
The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis are edible and used in herbal medicine in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates the antioxidative effect of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves (FRJT) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of FRJT were determined by serum biochemical enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), heamatological pararmeters (PCV, Hb and WBC) and histology study. The results obtained showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the activities of liver marker enzymes across the pre-treated groups compared with the untreated rats. Assay of antioxidant enzymes showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced SOD and GPx activities whereas CAT activity was non-significantly (p ˃ 0.05) increased when compared with the untreated animals. PCV, Hb and WBC levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the untreated group. However, supplementation with FRJT and Silymarin ameliorated the induced depletion of blood in the pre-treated animals. Histological examination of the liver tissue showed marked reduction in fatty degeneration across the pre-treated groups when compared with the untreated group. The results in this study indicate that FRJT exhibited varying levels of protection against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rat models. These results also indicate that the flavonoid-rich fraction contains antioxidants, which mop up free radicals in the system and support its use in the treatment of diseases resulting from oxidative damage.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
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Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
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Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
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A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic Management
1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. - Feb.2017), PP 98-102
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/3008-12010298102 www.iosrjournals.org 98 | Page
A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic
Management
Dr. Siva Rami Reddy. E
BHMS, MD, PhD scholar
Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
Abstract: A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its Homoeopathic Management, Sri Ganganagar,
Rajasthan, India.
Background: To study the clinical presentation of amoebic dysentery and to study the results of
Homeopathic management and treatment of amoebic dysentery. To assess the influence of miasm in the
case of Amoebic Dysentery.
Methodology: Thirty out-patients with clinically confirmed symptomatic cases of amoebic dysentery were
entered trial and treated with Homoeopathic remedies on the basis of Homoeopathic principles with fixed
criteria to know the results of treatment as recovered, improved or not improved. For the present study he
patients who visited on Sriganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri
Ganganagar, Rajsthan, India and peripheral Out Patient Department were selected on the inclusion and
exclusion criteria.
Result: Totally 30 patients were selected for this study. At the end of the study it was observed that, out of
30 patients, 24 patients recovered (80%), 5 case improved (16.66%) and1case is not improved (3.3%). with
the help of suitable homoeopathic medicines.
Conclusion: There were no side effects during the treatment and it can be concluded that Homoeopathic
Medicines can be help the patient to take a new lease on life.
Keywords: Homoeopathic Medicines; Amoebic dysentery; Outcome.
I. Introduction
One of the first forms of this “Life” to develop was the lowly amoeba. Eons passed, and the amoeba
evolved into different sprain one of them the Entamoeba histolytica, in the waters of the earth it waited,
through millenniums, for the advent of man! Man evolved roomed the earth, drank its water & sometimes
developed amoebiasis, occasionally an amoebic liver abscess, ignorant of the cause, he statically suffered
the disease caused by this microscopic predator until when the culprit was finally identified1
.The
clinical symptoms of amoebiasis caused by the protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica ranges from
asymptomatic colonization to amoebic dysentery and invasive extra intestinal amoebiasis is most common
in the form of liver abscess. Invasive amoebiasis is one of the world’s most prevalent and fatal infectious
diseases. Primarily it is a problem of the developing world; around 500 million people are infected
worldwide while 75,000 die of the disease annually. Behind malaria and schistosomiasis it ranks third
on the list of parasitic causes of death worldwide. E. histolytica and E. disparare currently recognized
as distinct species, mostly based on genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies. It is therefore
possible to obtain more reliable and correct epidemiological data using molecular, biochemical, and
immunological features, and these allow better diagnosis and treatment.
The present study comprises systematic approach for evolving constitutional treatment for
amoebic dysentery. Antibiotics particularly tetracycline, are useful as bacterial adjuvant. These drugs are
not effective in ectopic infections for which chloroquine phosphate and nitridazol shows promise of
efficiency. Metronidazol has become the preferred drug in treatment of amoebiasis. It is slow in toxicity
and is effective against extra intestinal as well. However Metronidazol has been reported as being
mutagenic in bacteria and carcinogenic in mice at doses much higher than those given for the treatment of
amoebiasis. Finally its efficacy may not be as high, as originally reported2
.
The history of amoebiasis perhaps is fairly typical the way in which most knowledge is gradually
accumulated3
. Entamoeba histolytica is thought to infect 10% of world population and to produce more
deaths than any other parasites. Although it has worldwide distribution infection rates are highest in warm
climates and exceed 50% in areas s where the level of sanitation is low4
. Amoebic liver abscess and colitis
have become almost non- existent in Alaska & Canada. In Canada amoebic injection is encountered only in
small parts of India population among whom it is endemic5
. In the tropics on account of heavy rainfall there is
greater chance of the water supply being polluted from the washing of the sewage and hence the disease is more
2. A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its HomoeopathicManagement
DOI: 10.9790/3008-12010298102 www.iosrjournals.org 99 | Page
common in rainy season6
. Amoebiasis may occur at any age, there is no sex or racial difference in the
occurrence of the disease. Amoebiasis is frequently a house hold infection7
, Invasive amoebiasis including
amoebic lives abscess is much more common in males as compared to females8
.According to K. Park: The
term “amoebiasis” has been defined by W.H.O as: As the condition of harboring the protozoan parasite
Entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations9
. Clinical features are Pain or discomfort in liver
area, at first dull & aching or sensation of heaviness in right hypochondrium, later Sharp &stabbing.
II. Materials and Methodology
Patients are considered on the basis of clinical presentations, i.e., pain in abdomen, loose motions
mixed with blood & mucus, fever. This study consists of 30 patients of amoebic dysentery, who attended
OPD at Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital and its Peripheral O.P.D’s. 30 cases
were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion Criteria: Subjects of all ages, both sexes, different socio economic status and occupation in the
background. Diagnosed cases of amoebic dysentery on basis of clinical presentation and lab investigations
like–stoolmicroscopicexamination.
Exclusion Criteria: Chronic amoebic dysentery with its complications. Subjects suffering from terminal
illness, those undergoing active treatment from other systems of medicine, surgical cases, those who are
not able to communicate their symptoms. The outcomes were an improvement of symptoms recorded in
monthly basis individual symptoms. A number of subgroup, Homoeopathic potency, age groups, and types of
amoebic dysentery were analyzed
Statistical Analysis: Data were presented as proportion and percentage and difference in proportion were
analyzed by using T test.
III. Result
Among 30 amoebic dysentery patients with mean ± SD , maximum cases were observed in age group
between 40-50 years. And the minimum age incidence was found in 2 cases (6.66%) in the age group
between 50-60years. 8 cases (26.66%) was found in age group between 10-20yrs, 7 cases (23.33%) was
observed in the age group between 30-40years. 3 cases (10%) was observed in age group of 20- 30 yrs. the
incidence was seen to be prominent in males with 22 cases (73.33%) and females with 8 cases (26.66%).
In this study of 30 cases of amoebic dysentery, Pulsatilla Pratensis is more prescribed in 7 cases (23.3%),
each Mercurius solubilis, Mercurius corrosivus, Aloes socotrina and Calcarea carbonica are prescribed in
each individual of 4 cases(13.33%), Baryta carbonica, Nux.vomica are prescribed in 3cases in (10%),
Colchium Autumnale ,Nat.muriaticum was prescribed in 2cases(6.67%), Phosphorous, Lachesis,
Dulcamara, Colocynth, Arsenicum album are least prescribed as a in each individual 1case (3.33%).The
study was done to show the results of 30 cases. Out of 30 cases maximum number of cases, i.e. 24 cases
(80%) recovered, 5 cases (16%) improved and 1cases (3.3%)showednoimprovement
IV. Discussion
The present study was carried on 30 cases that satisfied the criteria to study the role of
Homoeopathic remedies in the treatment of Amoebic dysentery. Homoeopathy can be extremely effective
in treating Amoebic dysentery which is one of the most common human gastro-intestinal problems. The
infection is very common in developing countries like India. Various systems of medicines have faced
difficulties in its management. Homoeopathic remedy prescribed on the basis of law of similar not only
improved the Amoebic dysentery but also strengthened the body’s immune system and to prevent future
occurrences. During the study it was observed that highest incidence of Amoebic dysentery is seen in 10
cases of age group of 40-50 years (33.33%), 8 cases in age group 10-20 years (26.66%), 7 cases in age group
of 30-40 years (23.33%), 3 cases in age group 20-30 years (10%), & least incidence is seen in 2 cases of
age group 50-60 years (6.66%), as adults will eat food outside so they prone to get infected easily.
There is no sex or racial difference in the occurrence of disease Infection can occur in both the
sexes. As seen in the study 8 were females and 22 were males. Males were found more affected than the females.
The male: female ratio was 1:3. In medical literature it is seen that, males have a slightly higher prevalence than
females as it is found that males eat outside food more than females. So, they are more prone for faecal oral
contamination. This study shows 22 cases (73.33) where males are affected and 8 cases (26.66) where females are
affected. This study of the past also enables the physician to determine the constitutional and familial tendencies and
the miasmatic influences that probably operate to the determent of the patient10..
In the study of 30 cases of amoebic
dysentery, Pulsatilla Pratensis was highly prescribed in 7 cases (23.3%), Mercurius solubilis, Mercurius corrosivus,
Aloes socotrina, Calcarea carbonica were prescribed in 4 cases (13.33%), Baryta.carbonica , Nux vomica were
prescribed in 3 cases (10%), Colchium, Natrium muriaticum were prescribed in 2 cases (6.67%),
Arsenicum album, Colocynth, Dulcamara, Lachesis, Phosphorus were prescribed in 1 case(3.3%) each. In
3. A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its HomoeopathicManagement
DOI: 10.9790/3008-12010298102 www.iosrjournals.org 100 | Page
the study conducted on 30 cases of Amoebic dysentery with Homeopathic remedies, it was found that 24
cases (80%) were recovered, 5 cases (16%) were Improved and 1 case (3.3%) Not Improved.
V. Conclusion
The research shows that Homoeopathic medicine play an important role in the treatment of tonsillitis in
paediatric age group. The study depicts that 73.33% of patients got relief from the Homoeopathy medicines and
this is not a small number. Highest indicated remedy is Pulsatilla Pratensis, Mercurius solubilis, Mercurius
Corrosivus., Aloes Socotrina, Calcarea carbonica, Of Nux vom., Baryta carbonica. (3 cases, 10%),
Natruium muriaticum., Colchicum each, Arsenicum album, Colocynthis, Dulcamera, Lachesis, Phosphorus
each. Out of 30 cases, 24 cases have recovered 5 cases shows improvement and 1 cases not improved. Thus
we can conclude that Homoeopathic medicines used with holistic approach are very effective in treating the
cases of amoebic dysentery.
Bibliography
[1]. Kapoor.OP. Amoebicliverabscess.Bombay( India);1979,pg.no:15-17,21.
[2]. Schmidt. GD, Larey SR. Foundation pf parasitology, 4
th
ed, united states ofAmerican, Times mirror, mostly college publishing;
1985pg.no: 95-105
[3]. StllwellG.C.AmoebiasisitsearlyhistoryNewyork;1955pg.no :606.
[4]. RayanKJ,ET,AISherrriesmedicalmicrobiology.US.pg.no:661-663.
[5]. Kapoor.OP.Amoebicliverabscess.Bombay(india)1979;pg.no:15,17,21.
[6]. Chatterjee KD; Human parasite diseases Calcutta .publication by author; 1952 pg.no61-71.
[7]. Park .K.Park’s text book .PSM 14
th
edJabolpur M/S Banardidasbhandpublication; 1995.pg.no 167.
[8]. Dhawan VK. Amoebiosis 2(6).Dep of internal medicine kingl drew medicalCentre; CharlesRdrew university .UCLD
2001;june;pgno:1&16.
[9]. Park. K. Text book of preventive & social medicine. 23
rd
ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas bhanotpublishers;2015pgno:241&242.
[10]. Dhawale ML. Principles & practice of homoeopathy. 5th reprint ed. New Delhi: Indian Books & Periodicals Publishers; 2010.
p.35, 50,65-6.
Figure 1. Age Incidence
Figure 2. Sex Incidence
Figure 3. Indicated Remedies
4. A Clinical Study of Amoebic Dysentery and Its HomoeopathicManagement
DOI: 10.9790/3008-12010298102 www.iosrjournals.org 101 | Page
Figure 4. Results
Table No. 1 Age Incidence
Sl. NO. AGE GROUP IN YEARS NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGE (%)
1. 10-20 8 26.66%
2. 20-30 3 10%
3. 30-40 7 23.33%
4. 40-50 10 33.33%
5. 50- 60 2 6.66%
Total 30 100%
Table No. 2: Sex Incidence
S. NO. SEX NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGE (%)
1. Males 22 73.33%
2. Females 8 26.66%
Total 30 100%
Table No. 3: Results
S. NO. RESULTS NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGE (%)
1. Recovered 24 80%
2. Improved 5 16%
3. Not improved 1 3.3%
Total 30 100%
