This document provides an overview for a course on listening to music. It outlines 6 units that will cover listening to the fundamental elements of music, music with words, referential music, absolute music, non-Western music, and the music of Western civilization from antiquity to the present. Key periods of Western music history are summarized, including the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern eras. Important composers, genres, and stylistic elements are highlighted for each historical period.

1. Craig E. Ferrin

2. Course Overview
Listening to the Fundamental Elements of Music
Listening to Music with Words
Listening to Referential Music
Listening to Absolute Music
Listening to Music of Non-Western Cultures
Listening to the Music of Western Civilization

3. Unit 1: Listening to the
Fundamental Elements of Music
Elements of
Sound
Elements of
Music
Duration
Pitch
Volume
Timbre
Rhythm
Melody
Harmony
Dynamics
Form
Timbre
Texture
Synthesis
Style
Instruments
Ensembles

4. Unit 2: Listening to Music with
Words
Popular Song
Monophonic Chant
Early Polyphony
Opera
Oratorio
Cantata

5. Unit 3: Listening to Referential
Music
Folk Music
Poetry
Dancing
Ballet
Programmatic Music
Stage and Film

6. Unit 4: Listening to Absolute Music
Instrumental Solo
Music
Concerto
Chamber Music
Symphony
Experimental Music
Avante Garde’

7. Unit 5: Listening to Music of Non-
Western Cultures
Africa
Orient
Middle East
Oceana
Indigenous Western Hemisphere

8. Unit VI: Listening to the Music of
Western Civilization
Antiquity (Before 400 AD)
Middle Ages (400-1400)
Renaissance (1400-1600)
Baroque Era (1600-1750)
Classical Era (1750-1827)
Romantic Era (1800-1900)
Modern Era (1900-Present)
The Future?

9. Antiquity
Before 400 CE
Sumerians
Babylonians
Shutterstock 38550676
Greeks
Shutterstock 39514015
Hebrews

10. Oral Tradition (Aural Tradition)
Mouth to Ear

11. Middle Ages (Medeival Era)
400-1400 CE
Council of Nicea 325
Unification of Christianity
Christianity established in the Roman Empire
Charlemagne (768-814)
Norman Conquest (1066)
The Crusades (1096-1270)
The Black Plagues (1300s)

12. Music
Monophonic Chant
Mass
Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) use website
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/hildegarde.html
"Beata Nobis Gaudia" by Hildegard von Bingen

13. Music
Polyphony
Organum
Cantus Firmus
Magnus Liber Organi
Leonin (1163-1190)
Perotin the Great (ca.
1200)
"Leonin-Perotin: Repons: Et
Valde, Organum À Deux
Voix”

14. Music
Troubadours
Trouveres http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=BZwuTo7zKM8&feature=PlayList&p=52C7B8620EDCB46
4&index=7 (Brave Sir Robin)
Minniesingers
Minstrels
Guillaume de Machaut
"Agnus Dei" by Guillaume de Machaut

15. The Renaissance (1400-1600)
“Rebirth”
Florence

16. VIP Very Important People
Copernicus (1473-1453)
Calileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Botticelli (1445-1510)
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Leonardo DaVinci (1452-1519)
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)

17. Major Events
Johannes Gutenburg (1400-1468)
Gutenberg Press (1440)
Ottaviano Petrucci (1466–1539)
Harmonice Musices Odhecaton (1501)
Discovery of the Western Hemisphere (1492)
Protestant Reformation (1517) (need picture of Luther and the
Wittenburg Cathedral)
Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

18. Music
Polyphony
Imitative Polyphony
Mass
Motet
Magdrigal

19. VIM Very Important Musicians
Josquin des Prez (ca. 1440–1521)
 "Ave Maria" by Josquin des Prez
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
 "Sicut cervus" by Giovanni da Palestrina
Giovanni Gabrielli (ca. 1555-1613)
 "Canzon XII" by Giovanni Gabrieli

20. The Baroque Era (1600-1750)
Advent of Opera (ca. 600)
Death of Johann Sebastian Bach (1750)
Baroque
Portuguese: Barroco
 “Pearl of irregular or bulbous shape” (Palisca)

21. Major Events
Colonization and Imperialism
Reign of Louis XIV
Versailles
Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

22. VIP Very Important People
Johannes Keppler (1571-1630)
William Harvey (1578-1657)
Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Antonio Stadivari (1644-1737)
Perfected the violin

23. VIM Very Important Musicians
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Henry Purcell (1659-1695)
Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713)
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
Jean Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)
Francois Couperin (1668-1733)
Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764)
Gerg Phillip Teleman (1681-1767)
George Frederic Handel (1685-1759)

24. Music Genre
Concerto
Concerto Grosso
Opera
Oratorio
Cantata
Dance Suite

25. Music
'When I am laid in earth' from "Dido and Aeneus"
by Henry Purcell
"Allegro" by Arcangelo Corelli
"La primavera - Spring con 1 in E Major" by
Antonio Vivaldi
"Ballet for the Sun King: Ouverture" by Jean-
Baptiste Lully
"Courante" by Francois Couperin
"Air gracieux" by Jean-Philippe Rameau
"Gigue" by Johann Sebastian Bach
"We Praise Thee, Oh God" by George Frideric
Handel

26. The Classical Era (1750-1825)
1750 Death of Bach, Handel, Vivaldi
1825 Death of Beethoven, Schubert
A Time of great social change

27. Major Events
American Revolution
French Revolution
Napoleonic Wars
Beginning of the Industrial Revolution

28. Age of Invention
Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin
James Watt: Steam Engine
Edward Jenner: Small Pox Vaccination
Benjamin Franklin: Harnessing Electricity
Bartolomeo Christofori: Piano

29. Music
Formal Structures
Without external reference
Musician Independence

30. Classical Genre
Concerto
Sonata
String Quartet
Symphony
Opera

31. Centered in Vienna
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Marriage of Figaro
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)
 Erlkonig

32. Romantic Era (1800-1900)
Aftermath of Napoleonic Wars
 Democracy or Monarchy
Imperialism
Industrial Revolution
Factories
Steam Manufacturing

33. Social Changes
On the Origin of Species
The Communist Manifesto
Nationalism

34. Music
Emotional underpinnings
Beethoven: Symphony No. 3
Formal structures broadened
Nationalism

35. Musicians
France
Hector Berlioz
Georges Bizet
Germany
Richard Wagner
Felix Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
Johannes Brahms
Gustav Mahler

36. Musicians
Hungary
Franz Liszt
Poland
Frederic Chopin
Bohemia
Biedrich Smetana
Antonin Dvorak
Russia
Peter Tchaikovsky
Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Italy
Guiseppe Verdi

37. Selected Music Examples
 "Symphonie Fantastique - IV: March To The Scaffold" by
Hector Berlioz
"Carmen: Habanera & Seguidille" by Georges Bizet
"A minor, Op. 54 - I: Allegro affetuoso" by Robert Schumann
"Hungarian Dance No.5 In G Minor" by Johannes Brahms
"Die Walkure: Ride Of The Valkyries" by Richard Wagner
"Nocturne No. 2 in E flat major, Op. 9 No. 2" by Frederic Chopin
"Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95: II. Largo (excerpt)" by
Antonin Dvorak
"The Bartered Bride - Overture" by Bedrich Smetana
"Symphony No. 4 in F Minor, Op. 36: IV. Finale (Allegro con
fuoco)" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
"Capricho Espanol Op. 34" by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
"Otello: Act 1: Inaffia l'ugola" by Guiseppe Verdi

38. The Modern Era (1900-Present)
A Century of Great Change
Transportation
 Horses to Space Travel
Communication
 Telephone
 Television
 Satelites
 Internet
 Medicine

39. Social Change
World War I
Bolshevik Revolution
The Great Depression
World War II
Cold War
Cultural Revolution of the 1960’s
War on Terror

40. Music
Impressionism
Expressionism
Modernism
Neo-Classicism
Serialism
Jazz
Tango

41. Popular Music
"Five Piano Pieces, Op. 23 - Walzer (Waltz)" by Arnold
Schoenberg
"Stompin' At The Savoy" by Benny Goodman
"All I Ask of You" by Andrew Lloyd-Weber
"Something's Coming" from "West Side Story" by
Leonard Bernstein
"Do-Re-Mi" from "The Sound of Music" by Richard
Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein
"Javert's Suicide" from "Les Miserables" by Claude-
Michael Schonberg and Alain Boublil
"Ain't She Sweet" by The Beatles
"Hound Dog" by Elvis Presley

42. Art Music
"Voiles" by Claude Debussy
"Symph. No. 5: I. Trauermarsch" by Gustav Mahler
"The Rite Of Spring: Part I - The Adoration of the
Earth - Dance of the Adolescents" by Igor Stravinsky
"Heftig bewegt" by Anton Webern
"Scene 3 - Tavern" from "Wozzeck" by Alban Berg
"Fanfare for the Common Man" by Aaron Copland
"Rhapsody In Blue" by George Gershwin
"Raiders March" by John Williams
"First Interlude" by John Cage
"Short Ride in a Fast Machine" by John Adams

43. Art Music Composers
Claude Debussy
Igor Stranvinsky
Arnold Schoenberg
Aaron Copland
George Gershwin
John Williams
John Cage
John Adams

44. The Future
Continued technological change
Electronics
Communication
Music researchers

45. The Educated Consumer
The Opportunity to Choose