The document provides information about tourism in the American continent, including North America, Central America, and South America. It discusses the geography, climate, demographics, popular tourist destinations, and travel tips for each region. Specific countries highlighted include the USA, Brazil, Costa Rica, and others. Travel advisories related to COVID-19 are also mentioned.
What are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-airAndrei Văsi
Air transport has several key advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages are that it is the fastest mode of transport, provides quick service that is well-suited for perishable goods, does not require large infrastructure investments, can access remote areas, avoids physical barriers like seas or mountains, and plays an important role in national defense. However, it also has disadvantages in that it is riskier than other modes due to the risk of accidents, has very high costs including for aircraft and airports, has a smaller carrying capacity than other modes, is unreliable due to dependence on weather conditions, and requires huge initial and ongoing investments.
This document provides information on major international airports in India, including Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai, Kempegowda International Airport in Bengaluru, Chennai International Airport, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, Cochin International Airport, and Goa International Airport in Dabolim. It discusses the location and key details of each airport, such as the area they cover and annual passenger traffic.
The document provides an overview of basic passenger tariff training. It begins with an introduction to traffic conference areas and global indicators. It then covers different types of routings and fares like one-way, round-trip, open-jaw and circle trips. Factors influencing fares like intermediate stops, routing, mileage principles and indicators are explained. The document outlines the step-by-step process for basic fare construction for one-way, return and circle trips including examples. It describes checks like higher rated intermediate points, backhaul minimum and circle trip minimum. The training concludes with exercises for trainees to practice fare construction.
Tourism refers to the activity of traveling for pleasure or business purposes, often to places outside of one's usual environment. It involves a wide range of activities such as sightseeing, cultural experiences, adventure sports, culinary experiences, and more. Tourism has become a major industry worldwide, generating significant economic and social benefits for both host communities and travelers.
Tourism can be domestic or international, and it has the potential to contribute to economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. It can also have positive impacts on cultural exchange, environmental conservation, and community development. However, it can also have negative impacts such as overtourism, environmental degradation, and cultural commodification.
Overall, tourism plays a significant role in the global economy and has the potential to contribute to sustainable development if managed responsibly.
IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
POSITIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM
TYPES OF TOURISM
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH
TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES IN BANGLADESH
TOP 10 TOURIST SPOT IN BANGLADESH
In recent years, the Bangladeshi government has taken initiatives to promote tourism in the country by improving infrastructure, developing new tourist destinations, and providing incentives for investors. With its diverse natural and cultural attractions, Bangladesh has the potential to become a popular tourist destination in the future.
Dgca (Directorate General of civil aviationKalyan S Patil
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is India's civil aviation authority that regulates and oversees civil aviation in India. Its vision is to promote safe and efficient air transportation through regulation and proactive safety oversight. DGCA has several departments that regulate areas like flight standards, airworthiness, aerodromes, air safety, and air transport. It has regional offices located across India and is headquartered in New Delhi. DGCA works to establish common aviation standards through the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The price to be paid by an aircraft passenger for a particular journey.
When checking availability, each booking code represents a different cabin class or fare type. On all flights a variety of fares are offered. Highest fares which are flexible are normal fares. Those which are lower and less flexible are special fares.
This document discusses route development strategies for airlines. It outlines analyzing supply (available seats) and demand (passengers) trends on routes to forecast performance. Three outcomes are possible: converge, where passenger growth exceeds seat growth; leveling, where growth is equal; and diverge, where passenger growth lags. Monthly seasonality patterns identify peak periods. The goal is adjusting flight frequencies, aircraft size, or other factors to achieve the annual load factor target based on supply-demand analyses. Examples of route analyses between various city pairs are also presented.
This document summarizes different types of aircraft, including private/chartered, passenger, and cargo aircraft. It also discusses two major aircraft manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus. Boeing is an American corporation founded in 1916 that produces a variety of commercial and military aircraft. Airbus is a European manufacturer founded in 1970 that produces popular single-aisle aircraft like the A320 as well as larger aircraft up to the double-decker A380 that can carry over 800 passengers. Both companies offer a range of aircraft models to meet different passenger and cargo transportation needs.
What are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-airAndrei Văsi
Air transport has several key advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages are that it is the fastest mode of transport, provides quick service that is well-suited for perishable goods, does not require large infrastructure investments, can access remote areas, avoids physical barriers like seas or mountains, and plays an important role in national defense. However, it also has disadvantages in that it is riskier than other modes due to the risk of accidents, has very high costs including for aircraft and airports, has a smaller carrying capacity than other modes, is unreliable due to dependence on weather conditions, and requires huge initial and ongoing investments.
This document provides information on major international airports in India, including Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai, Kempegowda International Airport in Bengaluru, Chennai International Airport, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, Cochin International Airport, and Goa International Airport in Dabolim. It discusses the location and key details of each airport, such as the area they cover and annual passenger traffic.
The document provides an overview of basic passenger tariff training. It begins with an introduction to traffic conference areas and global indicators. It then covers different types of routings and fares like one-way, round-trip, open-jaw and circle trips. Factors influencing fares like intermediate stops, routing, mileage principles and indicators are explained. The document outlines the step-by-step process for basic fare construction for one-way, return and circle trips including examples. It describes checks like higher rated intermediate points, backhaul minimum and circle trip minimum. The training concludes with exercises for trainees to practice fare construction.
Tourism refers to the activity of traveling for pleasure or business purposes, often to places outside of one's usual environment. It involves a wide range of activities such as sightseeing, cultural experiences, adventure sports, culinary experiences, and more. Tourism has become a major industry worldwide, generating significant economic and social benefits for both host communities and travelers.
Tourism can be domestic or international, and it has the potential to contribute to economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. It can also have positive impacts on cultural exchange, environmental conservation, and community development. However, it can also have negative impacts such as overtourism, environmental degradation, and cultural commodification.
Overall, tourism plays a significant role in the global economy and has the potential to contribute to sustainable development if managed responsibly.
IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
POSITIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM
TYPES OF TOURISM
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH
TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES IN BANGLADESH
TOP 10 TOURIST SPOT IN BANGLADESH
In recent years, the Bangladeshi government has taken initiatives to promote tourism in the country by improving infrastructure, developing new tourist destinations, and providing incentives for investors. With its diverse natural and cultural attractions, Bangladesh has the potential to become a popular tourist destination in the future.
Dgca (Directorate General of civil aviationKalyan S Patil
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is India's civil aviation authority that regulates and oversees civil aviation in India. Its vision is to promote safe and efficient air transportation through regulation and proactive safety oversight. DGCA has several departments that regulate areas like flight standards, airworthiness, aerodromes, air safety, and air transport. It has regional offices located across India and is headquartered in New Delhi. DGCA works to establish common aviation standards through the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The price to be paid by an aircraft passenger for a particular journey.
When checking availability, each booking code represents a different cabin class or fare type. On all flights a variety of fares are offered. Highest fares which are flexible are normal fares. Those which are lower and less flexible are special fares.
This document discusses route development strategies for airlines. It outlines analyzing supply (available seats) and demand (passengers) trends on routes to forecast performance. Three outcomes are possible: converge, where passenger growth exceeds seat growth; leveling, where growth is equal; and diverge, where passenger growth lags. Monthly seasonality patterns identify peak periods. The goal is adjusting flight frequencies, aircraft size, or other factors to achieve the annual load factor target based on supply-demand analyses. Examples of route analyses between various city pairs are also presented.
This document summarizes different types of aircraft, including private/chartered, passenger, and cargo aircraft. It also discusses two major aircraft manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus. Boeing is an American corporation founded in 1916 that produces a variety of commercial and military aircraft. Airbus is a European manufacturer founded in 1970 that produces popular single-aisle aircraft like the A320 as well as larger aircraft up to the double-decker A380 that can carry over 800 passengers. Both companies offer a range of aircraft models to meet different passenger and cargo transportation needs.
This document provides an overview of aviation in India including:
1. India's aviation industry has grown significantly with the entry of private carriers and low-cost airlines, increasing domestic air travel.
2. Major domestic airlines in India include Indigo, Go Air, SpiceJet, and Jet Airways. Low-cost carriers like Indigo have helped make air travel more affordable and accessible.
3. Aviation has helped develop India's economy by supporting tourism and making it easier for people to travel within the country.
This document outlines the basic procedures for passengers at an airport, including checking in luggage, going through security screening, paying terminal fees, presenting travel documents at immigration counters, boarding the plane after a final security check at the gate, filling out entry cards upon arrival, claiming baggage, and passing through customs. The process involves checking luggage, passing through x-ray security, obtaining a boarding pass at the check-in counter, paying terminal fees, presenting documents at immigration, another security check for carry-on items at the gate, and completing arrival procedures like immigration and customs.
Immigration formalities at airport for outbound tourists ANIL KUMAR
Immigration formalities must be completed by all passengers arriving at and departing from foreign destinations. Upon entering the immigration area at an airport, passengers are split into multiple lines including one for non-immigrant visitors. Cell phones should not be used in this area. The immigration process involves presenting required documents to an official, who may ask questions about the nature and length of one's visit. Some countries take fingerprints or photos. Passengers may be selected for secondary inspection randomly or if issues arise regarding their documentation.
The document defines several common terms used in air travel, including commercial flight, red-eye flight, and flight attendants. It describes the differences between military and civil aviation as well as domestic, international, non-stop, direct, and connecting flights. It also discusses various flight itineraries like one-way, open-jaw, round trip, and circle flights. Finally, it outlines classes of service on flights like first class, business class, and economy class as well as how seats are assigned.
This document provides an overview of communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) facilities and security equipment at airports managed by the Airport Authority of India. It describes the key CNS systems including air-to-air and air-to-ground communication, navigation aids like VOR and DME, and surveillance systems like primary and secondary radar. It also discusses security screening equipment such as metal detectors, x-ray scanners, chemical and explosive sniffers, and detection dogs. The document concludes that airports play an important role in transportation and require effective management of passenger and cargo security and services.
Air transport began with early commercial aircraft in the 1930s and saw significant growth over the following decades as aircraft capacity increased. Key developments included long-range aircraft in the 1950s-1970s and twin engine aircraft in the 1970s-1990s. Major international air routes and domestic US routes now connect major city pairs worldwide. Climate change may impact air travel through increased heat, rainfall, storms and turbulence, requiring adaptations to infrastructure and operations. Air transport provides economic and social benefits through employment, efficiency in connecting locations, and enabling increased social interaction.
There is a huge need for infrastructure developments and service quality improvement at many airports markets, but public budgets are limited. PPPs can provide a solution when the resources of private and public partners are bundled where conventional privatizations are not possible. The uniqueness of each airport development requires always a tailored approach structuring a PPP.
PPPs with a fair allocation of risks and rewards provide a means to raise necessary funds and know-how on the basis of a realistic business case. Risk mitigation strategies have to be developed to protect the public and private partners, including e.g. re-definition of the airport value chain, tax advantages, direct subsidies, etc.
This document provides an overview of the Airport Authority of India (AAI) and the training seminar attended by the author. It discusses the following key points:
- AAI operates 126 airports in India, including 11 international airports and 89 domestic airports. It is responsible for air traffic management and developing/maintaining airport infrastructure.
- The document outlines the major departments within AAI - CNS (Communication, Navigation, Surveillance) and ATM (Air Traffic Management). It provides details on various communication systems, navigational aids, surveillance technologies, and security equipment used at airports.
- The training seminar covered topics like VHF communication, navigation systems like DME, DVOR, ILS
This document discusses route profitability systems and challenges in airline cost accounting. It outlines a cost hierarchy including direct, indirect, fixed and variable costs. It also discusses system dependencies and different models for route profitability analysis from traditional to advanced. The advanced model allows for multi-level profit analysis for strategic, operational and managerial decisions. It emphasizes the need for a system that reconciles to financial reports in real-time and supports activity-based costing and planning/budgeting.
The document discusses various aspects of commercial airline travel, including:
- Types of airline flights such as nonstop, direct, and connecting flights.
- Components of an airplane like the fuselage, wings, engines, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, and control surfaces.
- Types of airline seats and how their size is measured by pitch (legroom between rows) and width (distance between armrests).
- Pros and cons of different seating locations on a plane from the front to the back of coach class.
This document provides information on various aviation-related topics including:
- Geographic regions divided into IATA traffic conference areas
- Definitions of revenue and non-revenue passengers
- Explanations of fares, baggage allowances, excess baggage charges, and types of journeys such as one-way, return, circle trips and open jaws
- Descriptions of checked and unchecked baggage
- Notes on fare types including adult, child, and infant fares as well as normal, special and constructed fares
This document provides an overview of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006. It outlines the agenda for a 3-day training on the MLC, including introductions to the legal background, structure, definitions, application, and liabilities of governments and shipowners under the convention. The training will also cover requirements for seafarers' conditions of employment, accommodation, welfare, rights, and the inspection and certification process required by the MLC.
The Civil Aviation Industry in India has decided to introduce easy entry and exit rules for regional airlines to encourage greater participation. Airlines operating on regional routes will be allowed to cease operations if they deem operations unprofitable after a set period. This is expected to lead to a surge in the number of new airlines with small fleets and aircraft. The goal is to enhance ease of doing business while respecting market forces with minimal government interference.
The document discusses several international conventions related to civil aviation:
- The Warsaw Convention of 1929 regulates international carriage by air and limits airline liability.
- The Chicago Convention of 1944 established the International Civil Aviation Organization and rules regarding airspace, safety, and taxation.
- The Tokyo Convention of 1963 addresses offenses committed on aircraft and the powers of aircraft commanders.
- The Hague Convention focuses on hijacking and requires states to prosecute or extradite offenders.
- The Montreal Convention of 1999 amended the Warsaw Convention by introducing a two-tier liability system and facilitating compensation for air disasters.
Air transportation plays a vital role in connecting people and goods globally and generates significant economic benefits. It allows millions to travel for business, holidays, and other events while also facilitating long-distance cargo shipments. Air transportation supports over 13.5 million jobs worldwide through direct employment in the airline industry and indirect jobs in related sectors. Deregulation of the airline industry has led to lower fares, increased air travel and new routes, benefiting the global economy enormously. Major aircraft manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus also stimulate economies through manufacturing, design, and service jobs.
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) regulates air transport services in India and deals with safety issues. Scheduled operators offer regular flights according to published schedules, while non-scheduled operators offer chartered flights without set schedules. Major scheduled operators include Air India, Vistara, Air Asia, and Indigo, while non-scheduled operators include Fern Aviation and Jindal Steel. Various aircraft are used like Airbus 320, Boeing 737, and ATR for scheduled flights and Hawker 850X, Challenger CL 604, and Pawan Hans helicopters for non-scheduled flights. Air cargo and air ambulance services are also briefly described.
The document discusses the aviation industry in India. It provides background on aviation and defines the aviation industry. It then discusses the growth of the aviation industry in India, highlighting that India is among the top 10 civil aviation markets and is projected to be among the top 5 by 2020. It also outlines India's major airlines and the history of aviation development in the country. However, it notes that the industry faces several challenges, including infrastructure constraints at airports, high jet fuel prices, airport congestion, lack of technical manpower, and issues with land acquisition for new projects.
1) The document discusses the potential for implementing a water transportation system connecting the Hatirjheel, Gulshan, Banani, and Baridhara lakes in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2) It provides background on the Hatirjheel project which revived one of the lakes, and argues water transportation could provide a cheap public transit option while reducing environmental impacts.
3) However, challenges include coordinating different agencies, managing waste disposal, and potential negative effects on water quality and wildlife from increased usage. The document analyzes this proposal's costs and benefits.
The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) was established in 1978 as a cell within the Directorate General of Civil Aviation to coordinate aviation security matters. It was reorganized as an independent department in 1987 following the Kanishka tragedy. BCAS is the regulatory authority for civil aviation security in India, headed by a Director General of Police. Its key responsibilities include laying down aviation security standards, monitoring implementation of security rules and regulations, and ensuring security staff are properly trained. BCAS conducts surprise checks and mock exercises to test security preparedness.
IATA is led by Tony Tyler and follows a structure of "Global Development, Regional Delivery". It has divisions that develop global standards and systems at the Head Office while regional offices implement them. IATA's vision is to be the force for value creation and innovation driving a safe, secure and profitable air transport industry. It represents airlines, improves understanding of the industry, and develops global commercial standards. IATA's priorities include increasing e-AWB penetration, reducing costs, and improving reliability of the Industry Settlement System.
The Americas comprise territories in North, Central and South America. There are a total of 35 countries located across the three regions. North America has 23 countries and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and west, and South America to the south. It includes three major physical regions - the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River. South America has 12 countries and is located in the Southern Hemisphere, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and west, the Caribbean Sea to the northwest, and North America to the north. It is home to the Andes Mountains and Amazon Rainforest.
- Mexico and Venezuela have different locations that impact trade and population distribution. Mexico borders the US and has ports on the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico, facilitating trade especially with the US which makes up three-fourths of its trade. Venezuela borders the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, enabling oil exports via ship.
- Climate and natural resources also influence settlements. Most Mexicans live in the temperate Central Plateau with farmland, while Venezuelans congregate along the tropical northern coast near oil resources. Oil is a leading export for both, but Mexico also exports silver and farm goods.
This document provides an overview of aviation in India including:
1. India's aviation industry has grown significantly with the entry of private carriers and low-cost airlines, increasing domestic air travel.
2. Major domestic airlines in India include Indigo, Go Air, SpiceJet, and Jet Airways. Low-cost carriers like Indigo have helped make air travel more affordable and accessible.
3. Aviation has helped develop India's economy by supporting tourism and making it easier for people to travel within the country.
This document outlines the basic procedures for passengers at an airport, including checking in luggage, going through security screening, paying terminal fees, presenting travel documents at immigration counters, boarding the plane after a final security check at the gate, filling out entry cards upon arrival, claiming baggage, and passing through customs. The process involves checking luggage, passing through x-ray security, obtaining a boarding pass at the check-in counter, paying terminal fees, presenting documents at immigration, another security check for carry-on items at the gate, and completing arrival procedures like immigration and customs.
Immigration formalities at airport for outbound tourists ANIL KUMAR
Immigration formalities must be completed by all passengers arriving at and departing from foreign destinations. Upon entering the immigration area at an airport, passengers are split into multiple lines including one for non-immigrant visitors. Cell phones should not be used in this area. The immigration process involves presenting required documents to an official, who may ask questions about the nature and length of one's visit. Some countries take fingerprints or photos. Passengers may be selected for secondary inspection randomly or if issues arise regarding their documentation.
The document defines several common terms used in air travel, including commercial flight, red-eye flight, and flight attendants. It describes the differences between military and civil aviation as well as domestic, international, non-stop, direct, and connecting flights. It also discusses various flight itineraries like one-way, open-jaw, round trip, and circle flights. Finally, it outlines classes of service on flights like first class, business class, and economy class as well as how seats are assigned.
This document provides an overview of communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) facilities and security equipment at airports managed by the Airport Authority of India. It describes the key CNS systems including air-to-air and air-to-ground communication, navigation aids like VOR and DME, and surveillance systems like primary and secondary radar. It also discusses security screening equipment such as metal detectors, x-ray scanners, chemical and explosive sniffers, and detection dogs. The document concludes that airports play an important role in transportation and require effective management of passenger and cargo security and services.
Air transport began with early commercial aircraft in the 1930s and saw significant growth over the following decades as aircraft capacity increased. Key developments included long-range aircraft in the 1950s-1970s and twin engine aircraft in the 1970s-1990s. Major international air routes and domestic US routes now connect major city pairs worldwide. Climate change may impact air travel through increased heat, rainfall, storms and turbulence, requiring adaptations to infrastructure and operations. Air transport provides economic and social benefits through employment, efficiency in connecting locations, and enabling increased social interaction.
There is a huge need for infrastructure developments and service quality improvement at many airports markets, but public budgets are limited. PPPs can provide a solution when the resources of private and public partners are bundled where conventional privatizations are not possible. The uniqueness of each airport development requires always a tailored approach structuring a PPP.
PPPs with a fair allocation of risks and rewards provide a means to raise necessary funds and know-how on the basis of a realistic business case. Risk mitigation strategies have to be developed to protect the public and private partners, including e.g. re-definition of the airport value chain, tax advantages, direct subsidies, etc.
This document provides an overview of the Airport Authority of India (AAI) and the training seminar attended by the author. It discusses the following key points:
- AAI operates 126 airports in India, including 11 international airports and 89 domestic airports. It is responsible for air traffic management and developing/maintaining airport infrastructure.
- The document outlines the major departments within AAI - CNS (Communication, Navigation, Surveillance) and ATM (Air Traffic Management). It provides details on various communication systems, navigational aids, surveillance technologies, and security equipment used at airports.
- The training seminar covered topics like VHF communication, navigation systems like DME, DVOR, ILS
This document discusses route profitability systems and challenges in airline cost accounting. It outlines a cost hierarchy including direct, indirect, fixed and variable costs. It also discusses system dependencies and different models for route profitability analysis from traditional to advanced. The advanced model allows for multi-level profit analysis for strategic, operational and managerial decisions. It emphasizes the need for a system that reconciles to financial reports in real-time and supports activity-based costing and planning/budgeting.
The document discusses various aspects of commercial airline travel, including:
- Types of airline flights such as nonstop, direct, and connecting flights.
- Components of an airplane like the fuselage, wings, engines, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, and control surfaces.
- Types of airline seats and how their size is measured by pitch (legroom between rows) and width (distance between armrests).
- Pros and cons of different seating locations on a plane from the front to the back of coach class.
This document provides information on various aviation-related topics including:
- Geographic regions divided into IATA traffic conference areas
- Definitions of revenue and non-revenue passengers
- Explanations of fares, baggage allowances, excess baggage charges, and types of journeys such as one-way, return, circle trips and open jaws
- Descriptions of checked and unchecked baggage
- Notes on fare types including adult, child, and infant fares as well as normal, special and constructed fares
This document provides an overview of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006. It outlines the agenda for a 3-day training on the MLC, including introductions to the legal background, structure, definitions, application, and liabilities of governments and shipowners under the convention. The training will also cover requirements for seafarers' conditions of employment, accommodation, welfare, rights, and the inspection and certification process required by the MLC.
The Civil Aviation Industry in India has decided to introduce easy entry and exit rules for regional airlines to encourage greater participation. Airlines operating on regional routes will be allowed to cease operations if they deem operations unprofitable after a set period. This is expected to lead to a surge in the number of new airlines with small fleets and aircraft. The goal is to enhance ease of doing business while respecting market forces with minimal government interference.
The document discusses several international conventions related to civil aviation:
- The Warsaw Convention of 1929 regulates international carriage by air and limits airline liability.
- The Chicago Convention of 1944 established the International Civil Aviation Organization and rules regarding airspace, safety, and taxation.
- The Tokyo Convention of 1963 addresses offenses committed on aircraft and the powers of aircraft commanders.
- The Hague Convention focuses on hijacking and requires states to prosecute or extradite offenders.
- The Montreal Convention of 1999 amended the Warsaw Convention by introducing a two-tier liability system and facilitating compensation for air disasters.
Air transportation plays a vital role in connecting people and goods globally and generates significant economic benefits. It allows millions to travel for business, holidays, and other events while also facilitating long-distance cargo shipments. Air transportation supports over 13.5 million jobs worldwide through direct employment in the airline industry and indirect jobs in related sectors. Deregulation of the airline industry has led to lower fares, increased air travel and new routes, benefiting the global economy enormously. Major aircraft manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus also stimulate economies through manufacturing, design, and service jobs.
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) regulates air transport services in India and deals with safety issues. Scheduled operators offer regular flights according to published schedules, while non-scheduled operators offer chartered flights without set schedules. Major scheduled operators include Air India, Vistara, Air Asia, and Indigo, while non-scheduled operators include Fern Aviation and Jindal Steel. Various aircraft are used like Airbus 320, Boeing 737, and ATR for scheduled flights and Hawker 850X, Challenger CL 604, and Pawan Hans helicopters for non-scheduled flights. Air cargo and air ambulance services are also briefly described.
The document discusses the aviation industry in India. It provides background on aviation and defines the aviation industry. It then discusses the growth of the aviation industry in India, highlighting that India is among the top 10 civil aviation markets and is projected to be among the top 5 by 2020. It also outlines India's major airlines and the history of aviation development in the country. However, it notes that the industry faces several challenges, including infrastructure constraints at airports, high jet fuel prices, airport congestion, lack of technical manpower, and issues with land acquisition for new projects.
1) The document discusses the potential for implementing a water transportation system connecting the Hatirjheel, Gulshan, Banani, and Baridhara lakes in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2) It provides background on the Hatirjheel project which revived one of the lakes, and argues water transportation could provide a cheap public transit option while reducing environmental impacts.
3) However, challenges include coordinating different agencies, managing waste disposal, and potential negative effects on water quality and wildlife from increased usage. The document analyzes this proposal's costs and benefits.
The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) was established in 1978 as a cell within the Directorate General of Civil Aviation to coordinate aviation security matters. It was reorganized as an independent department in 1987 following the Kanishka tragedy. BCAS is the regulatory authority for civil aviation security in India, headed by a Director General of Police. Its key responsibilities include laying down aviation security standards, monitoring implementation of security rules and regulations, and ensuring security staff are properly trained. BCAS conducts surprise checks and mock exercises to test security preparedness.
IATA is led by Tony Tyler and follows a structure of "Global Development, Regional Delivery". It has divisions that develop global standards and systems at the Head Office while regional offices implement them. IATA's vision is to be the force for value creation and innovation driving a safe, secure and profitable air transport industry. It represents airlines, improves understanding of the industry, and develops global commercial standards. IATA's priorities include increasing e-AWB penetration, reducing costs, and improving reliability of the Industry Settlement System.
The Americas comprise territories in North, Central and South America. There are a total of 35 countries located across the three regions. North America has 23 countries and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and west, and South America to the south. It includes three major physical regions - the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River. South America has 12 countries and is located in the Southern Hemisphere, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and west, the Caribbean Sea to the northwest, and North America to the north. It is home to the Andes Mountains and Amazon Rainforest.
- Mexico and Venezuela have different locations that impact trade and population distribution. Mexico borders the US and has ports on the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico, facilitating trade especially with the US which makes up three-fourths of its trade. Venezuela borders the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, enabling oil exports via ship.
- Climate and natural resources also influence settlements. Most Mexicans live in the temperate Central Plateau with farmland, while Venezuelans congregate along the tropical northern coast near oil resources. Oil is a leading export for both, but Mexico also exports silver and farm goods.
North America is the third largest continent located between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It has diverse geographic features ranging from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Great Plains in the central region. The climate varies from region to region with more constant temperatures in southern areas and four distinct seasons in the north. North America has a population of over 500 million people concentrated in eastern areas with the United States and Canada being the most economically developed countries.
The document provides information about the geography, climate, and natural features of the United States. It notes that the US occupies a large territory spanning North America and has a diverse climate ranging from arctic conditions in Alaska to subtropical in Florida. It also describes some of the major geographic regions like the Appalachian Mountains, Great Plains, and Rocky Mountains, as well as rivers, lakes, and volcanoes found throughout the country.
South America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer. It is the fourth largest continent located primarily in the southern hemisphere, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Some key features include the Andes Mountains, Amazon River, diverse climate and cultures influenced by European colonization. The continent has experienced rapid economic development in recent decades driven by industries like agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.
Canada is located in northern North America, bordered by three oceans (the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific) and one country (the United States) to the south. While Canada has a large land area, most of its population lives near the southern border due to the harsh climate further north. The country's location and natural resources have contributed to its development and trade.
The document provides information about the Southeast region of the United States. It aims to teach students about the states in the Southeast region and the characteristics of North America. The Southeast region includes 12 states near the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. It has a hot, humid climate and is prone to hurricanes. Major physical features include plains, hills, mountains, and the Mississippi River. The region has a productive agriculture industry growing crops like cotton, soybeans, rice, and tobacco.
The document provides information about destinations, geography, demographics, climate, religion, culture, and facts about North America. Some key destinations mentioned include New York City, California, Las Vegas, and Florida for attractions like beaches, museums, casinos, and Disney World. North America is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, Atlantic Ocean to the east, and Pacific Ocean to the west. It has a population of over 565 million people and its three largest countries by GDP are the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
Central America is a subcontinent located in southern North America consisting of 7 countries. It is geologically active with mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre and Cordillera. Central America has high biodiversity and is home to over 12,000 vascular plants and 800 mammal species. Countries range in size from Panama at 78,200 square km to El Salvador at 21,040 square km. The largest country by population is Guatemala with over 14 million people.
Central America is a subcontinent located in southern North America consisting of 7 countries. It is geologically active with mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre and Cordillera. Central America has high biodiversity and is home to over 12,000 plant species in Costa Rica alone. Countries vary significantly in size, population, and geography, from Panama which has coastal lines on the Caribbean and Pacific and over 3 million people, to El Salvador which is the smallest country and only borders Guatemala and Honduras.
Hello Friends,
I have made this PPT on the Geography of North America. I have covered almost each and every topic related to it. So, you're welcome!
Thanks!
This document provides an overview of the climate, soils, vegetation zones, and agriculture of South America. It describes the various climatic regions including tropical, temperate, arid, and cold climates. It discusses the major soil regions and types found across South America. It also profiles Latin American agriculture, identifying it as an important net exporter globally. Finally, it outlines the 16 major farming systems practiced in the region due to its diverse geography.
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about the physical geography of Latin America. It includes information about landforms, waterways, natural resources, and climate and vegetation.
The document provides information about the geography, demographics, and economy of the United States. It notes that the US has 50 states located in North America between Canada and Mexico. It is ethnically diverse, with the original inhabitants being Native Americans and later populations including British, African, and European immigrants. The economy relies on services and has regional specializations like finance in New York and technology in California. Income inequality has risen and social mobility has declined relative to other developed nations.
The document provides an overview of Latin America, covering its historic development, physical geography, climate, ecosystems, people and cultures, economics, and key data points. It describes how advanced civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayas and Incas influenced the region. It was later colonized by European powers and developed a diverse cultural and ethnic identity. The physical geography is characterized by mountain ranges and large lowland areas. Tropical climates dominate much of the region. Ecosystems include rainforests, grasslands and deserts. The people and economies are closely tied to agriculture, mining and oil, though economies are becoming more diversified.
The United States has a diverse landscape, climate, and population. It ranges from coastal plains to mountain ranges and has a varied climate. The population of over 296 million is mostly descended from immigrants and is becoming more ethnically diverse. The country has a federal republic government, market-based economy, and core values of freedom, equality, and individualism.
This document provides background information on South America. It discusses the geography, climate, economy, industries, largest cities, and internal and external threats of the region. Specifically, it provides the following key details:
1) South America has a varied climate ranging from hot and wet in the Amazon to cold in the Andes. It contains the world's largest rainforest, highest waterfall, and longest mountain range.
2) The economy relies heavily on natural resource exports like minerals, petroleum, and agriculture which has led to instability. There is a push for economic diversification.
3) The main internal threats are guerrilla groups like the FARC and ELN who engage in kidnapping, ext
Central America is an isthmus located between North and South America that borders the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It connects Mexico to the north and borders South America to the south. The isthmus includes seven countries from Belize to Panama and is characterized by volcanic mountains and coastal areas with a tropical climate.
Similar to A Brief Description on the American Continent (20)
This document provides a summary of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India including its objectives, who qualifies as a consumer, consumer rights, and the redressal process. It establishes three levels of consumer courts - district forums, state commissions, and a national commission. It also presents two case studies as examples. The first case study describes a dispute between Thomas Cook India and customers over deficient visa services that impacted their travel plans. The second case study awarded compensation to an individual and family after the death of their wife/mother due to lack of safety measures at an army-run boat club.
Slide 1: So today we will be discussing this iconic structure… World’s great wonder know as, Hagia Sophia in Greek…. Santa Sophia -in Latin and Aya Sophia in- Turkish……. Meaning HOLY WISDOM!!! On 24th July it re-opened as a mosque!
Slide 2: Situated on a hill overlooking the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus, Hagia Sophia has gone through various transformations since it was built in what is now Istanbul in 537 and it remains one of the most important monuments of the world.
Slide 3: This map here shows us the location of Hagia Sophia, if u look closely,,, u will understand that majority of Turkey falls in the Asian part of the world and is included under the middle east zone….. While half of Istanbul is located in Europe….sharing its border with Greece and Bulgaria
Slide 5:
1. THE ORIGINAL DOME WAS REPLACED AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE IN 558 CE.
Soaring 160 feet high, with a diameter of 131 feet, the grand feature of the Hagia Sophia was its large central dome. The dome and the church were designed by architects Anthemios of Tralles and Isidoros of Miletos, but unlike the dome of the Pantheon, which has never faltered, an earthquake in 558 CE caused the Hagia Sophia's dome to collapse. It was rebuilt to a height of 182 feet, and the walls were reinforced in 562 CE. The dome's weight is supported by a series of smaller domes, arcades, and four large arches.
2. THE CHURCH WAS TWICE DESTROYED BY RIOTS.
First built in Constantinople in 360 CE and dedicated by the Roman Emperor Constantius II (son of Constantine, the founder of Constantinople), the initial, wood-constructed Hagia Sophia burned during a series of riots in 404 CE. In 415 CE, Emperor Theodosius II ordered the church rebuilt, but the Nika Revolt in 532 CE caused widespread death and destruction in the city, and the church was wiped out a second time.
3. ONE OF THE SEVEN ANCIENT WONDERS WAS USED IN THE CHURCH'S CONSTRUCTION.
To fortify (and beautify) the interior of the church, columns from the long-abandoned and destroyed Temple of Artemis in Ephesus were used for the Hagia Sophia. Additional building materials may also have come from ancient sites in Baalbeck and Pergamom.
6. BELIEVERS SAY THE 'WEEPING COLUMN' HAS HEALING POWERS.
Also called the "sweating column," the "wishing column," and the "perspiring column," the weeping column stands in the northwest portion of the church and is one of 107 columns in the building. The pillar is partly covered in bronze, with a hole in the middle, and it is damp to the touch. The alleged blessing of St. Gregory has led many to rub the column in search of divine healing.
7. THE FOUNDER OF MODERN TURKEY TURNED IT INTO A MUSEUM.
Former army officer Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded modern Turkey and served as its first president
The document discusses three international organizations:
1. The UNWTO promotes sustainable tourism and works to make tourism an effective tool for development.
2. IATA supports the airline industry through standards, reducing costs and representing airline interests. It has 290 airline members from 120 countries.
3. ICAO works to enhance global civil aviation safety, security and sustainable development through standards and cooperation between countries.
Raghurajpur Village is a heritage village in Odisha known for its artistic skills, particularly 10 types of crafts. The villagers are highly skilled in art forms like talpatra (palm leaf etchings), murals, and Gotipua dance. In 2000, it was declared a heritage village by INTACH to preserve its traditional arts. The village is 10km from Puri but off the main tourist trail, so visitors need private transport. Marketing ideas include festivals celebrating the village's mythology and arts, street art competitions, and gifting local artworks at events to promote the village as a tourist destination for its crafts and culture.
Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara who revived and reorganized Jainism in ancient India. He expounded the spiritual, philosophical and ethical teachings of the previous Tirthankaras. Bihar is considered the cradle of Jainism as it is the birthplace of Mahavira and the 12th Tirthankara Vasupujya. Several important Jain pilgrimage sites are located in Bihar, including Pawapuri where Mahavira attained nirvana, Vaishali believed to be his birthplace, and Mandar Hills marking Vasupujya's nirvana. The document outlines these key Jain circuits in Bihar and provides historical details
This document discusses various travel documents and regulations required for international travel, including passports, visas, customs regulations, health regulations, travel insurance, and immigration rules. It also provides details on special permits required to visit restricted areas within certain states in India, such as Kaziranga National Park in Assam, Darjeeling in West Bengal, Gangtok in Sikkim, and various islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. Instructions are provided for travel agents and tour operators regarding ensuring tourist groups have the proper permits when visiting these restricted areas.
The document provides information on conducting a literature review for research. It defines a literature review as a summary and synthesis of previous research on a topic. The main purposes are to identify what is already known on a topic, determine gaps in knowledge, and establish a theoretical framework for a research study. A literature review uses primary sources like research reports but is not primary research itself. It describes, analyzes, and evaluates existing scholarship. The document outlines the key components and steps to developing an effective literature review, including selecting a topic, searching sources, critiquing literature, and constructing the review. It emphasizes being specific, selective, focusing on current topics, ensuring claims are evidence-based, and considering the reliability of source information.
Whether you are writing an article, research paper, essay, blog, and dissertation or PhD thesis, it is important to choose an appropriate writing software tool for your work. The choice of writing software comes down to your personal taste.
Topic: Tourism circuit from Teesta to Sunderban, along the riverside destinations.
It studies -Tourist Awareness, Expectations, Motivation And Satisfaction.
Data collection is based on convenience sampling.
The Questionnaire was developed in google forms.
It can be treated as a sample.
Marketing of human resources in service sectorsalonibansal21
This document discusses how marketing of human resources can help attract talent and customers in the service sector. It explains that employee branding and creating content employees want to share can generate views and clicks by leveraging employees' combined social media networks. Developing a customer-centric vision and culture focused on customer needs at companies like Amazon and Flipkart are examples. HR marketing works by combining the needs of customers, employees, and the company. It can create a positive company image and help attract and retain talented employees and loyal customers. Some risks include false perceptions and insufficient information. Overall, HR marketing can benefit the service sector by making intangible services more tangible and aiding promotion, forecasting, and customer understanding.
Adventure travel involves exploration or travel with some degree of risk or physical exertion. It includes activities like mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, and water sports. The document discusses various water-based adventure sports categorized by location - in the water (snorkeling, diving, swimming etc.), on the water (fishing, parasailing, rafting etc.), and under water (cave diving, ice diving, wreck diving, scuba diving etc.). Popular destinations in India for these activities include the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Goa, Kerala, Meghalaya, and Uttarakhand.
Tourists as Consumers and their protection as per Consumer Protection Actsalonibansal21
The document discusses consumer protection laws as they relate to tourists. It defines a consumer as someone who purchases goods or services for personal use. Tourists are considered consumers because they purchase tourism products and services. The document then examines factors that influence tourist consumer behavior, such as attitudes, perceptions, motivations, and decision making. It emphasizes the importance of understanding tourist consumer behavior for tourism managers. Finally, it provides an overview of India's Consumer Protection Act, which established agencies to settle consumer disputes and protect consumer rights and interests.
World Heitage Sites located in Western and Eastern part of Indiasalonibansal21
This document summarizes UNESCO World Heritage sites located in East and West India. It discusses that India has 38 sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, with 30 being cultural sites, 7 natural sites, and 1 mixed site. In West India, which includes states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan, there are 16 cultural sites, 5 natural sites, and 1 mixed site. Some of the notable West Indian sites mentioned are the Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, and Keoladeo National Park. East India includes 5 cultural sites, with states like Bihar, West Bengal, and the Andaman and Nicobar
Models of consumer decision making behavior in tourism industrysalonibansal21
This document summarizes a student project on models of consumer decision making behavior in tourism. It discusses several factors that influence consumer behavior, including psychological, social, cultural, and natural factors. It also outlines several models of tourism motivation and consumer behavior developed between 1943-1982, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Gray's interpretation of wanderlust and sunlust, Plog's psychographic model, and Matheison and Walls's 5-stage model of tourist consumer behavior. The document emphasizes that understanding consumer behavior can help tourism providers improve their marketing success.
How do I plan a Kilimanjaro Climb?
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The Power of a Glamping Go-To-Market Accelerator Plan.pptxRezStream
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Assessing the Influence of Transportation on the Tourism Industry in Nigeriagsochially
This research dissertation investigates the complex interplay between transportation and the tourism industry in Nigeria, aiming to unravel critical insights that contribute to the enhancement of the overall tourist experience. The study employs a multi-faceted approach, literature review establishes a robust theoretical framework, incorporating The Service Quality and Satisfaction Theory to guide the research questions and hypotheses.
The methodology involves the distribution of a structured questionnaire, ensuring a representative sample and facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the gathered data.
Key findings include the nuanced perceptions of transportation infrastructure adequacy, safety and security concerns, financial influences on travel decisions, and the cultural and ecological impacts of transportation choices. These findings culminate in a comprehensive set of recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the Nigerian tourism industry. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in the Nigerian tourism sector.
The recommendations encompass gender-sensitive planning, infrastructure enhancements, safety measures, and strategic interventions to address financial constraints, ensuring a holistic and sustainable development of the tourism industry in Nigeria.
Author: Imafidon Osademwingie Martins
BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. BTW UK Visa Application Process, Uk Visa complete guide, Uk Visa fees, requirements and application process. Know all about uk visa and best way to apply for the uk visa. Get to know about the requirements that allows you for the faster visa appliaction. Get information in this PDF and simplyfy your visa process.
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
Our excursions in tahiti offer stunning lagoon tours, vibrant marine life encounters, and cultural experiences. We ensure unforgettable adventures amidst breathtaking landscapes and serene waters. For more information, mail us at tracey@uniquetahiti.com.
Wayanad-The-Touristry-Heaven to the tour.pptxcosmo-soil
Wayanad, nestled in Kerala's Western Ghats, is a lush paradise renowned for its scenic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. From trekking Chembra Peak to exploring ancient Edakkal Caves, Wayanad offers thrilling adventures and serene experiences. Its vibrant economy, driven by agriculture and tourism, highlights a harmonious blend of nature, tradition, and modernity.
Best Places to Stay in New Brunswick, Canada.Mahogany Manor
New Brunswick, a picturesque province in eastern Canada, offers a plethora of unique and charming places to stay for every kind of traveler. From the historic allure of Fredericton and the vibrant culture of Saint John to the natural beauty of Fundy National Park and the serene coastal towns like St. Andrews by-the-Sea, there's something for everyone. Whether you prefer luxury resorts, cozy inns, rustic lodges, or budget-friendly options, the best places to stay in New Brunswick ensure a memorable stay, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the province's rich history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality.
https://www.mmanor.ca/blog/best-5-bed-and-breakfast-new-brunswick-canada
How To Talk To a Live Person at American Airlinesflyn goo
This page by FlynGoo can become your ultimate guide to connecting with a live person at American Airlines. Have you ever felt lost in the automated maze of customer service menus? FlynGoo is here to rescue you from endless phone trees and automated responses. With just a click or a call to a specific number, we ensure you get the human touch you deserve. No more frustration, no more waiting on hold - we simplify the process, making your travel experience smoother and more enjoyable.
3. Table of
Contents
USA
02
BRAZIL
05
NORTH AMERICA
01
SOUTH AMERICA
04
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
CENTRAL AMERICA
03
6. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to
the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast
by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west
and south by the Pacific Ocean.
The Caribbean islands, or West Indies, are considered
part of North America. The continental coastline is
long and irregular. The Gulf of Mexico is the largest
body of water indenting the continent, followed
by Hudson Bay. Others include the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence and the Gulf of California.
The highest peak is Denali in Alaska.
6
14. Do You Know This Country?
It is in North America
15. 15
The country consists of 50
states and the District
of Columbia, which are
divided into the following six
regions, as well as five
territories:
Northeast, Southeast,
Midwest, Southwest,
West, Pacific and
Territories
16. Demographics
LANGUAGE
The United States does not have an official
language, but English is the most
commonly spoken language and it is the
official language in a number of states.
RELIGION
Religious freedom is one of the
founding cornerstones of the United
States. There is no official national
religion
16
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Unemployment rate is 14.7 % (2020)
POPULATION
Population growth is about 0.72%
per year.
18. Bodies of water
● Columbia River
● Colorado River
● Rio Grande
● Missouri River - longest
● Mississippi River
● Ohio River
Missouri/Mississippi River is
3,879 miles long
19. 01. Summer: June - August
During summer, northern states enjoy warm —
even hot — days and cooler mornings and nights,
while southern states and tropical areas
experience very hot temperatures.
02. Fall: September - November
In the fall, temperatures begin to cool down
around the country. This is a welcome season in
northern regions, where leaves change to
beautiful shades of red, yellow and orange.
03. Winter: Dec - Feb
Winter is fairly mild in the southern states, while the
northern, northeastern, mid western, western
mountains and Great Plains regions often encounter
snow and colder temperatures.
04. Spring: March - May
During the spring, temperatures begin to warm up
and thunderstorms and rainstorms are common
across the country into the summer months.
Best times to visit the USA
24. • Effective February 2, there is a temporary entry ban for any visitor who has been to China in past 14
days, other than immediate family of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents.
• Effective March 14, there is a temporary entry ban for any visitor, other than U.S. citizens, legal
permanent residents or their immediate family, who has been physically present in the Schengen Area of
Europe, as well as the United Kingdom and Ireland in the past 14 days. The Schengen Areas includes the
following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
• Additionally, anyone traveling to the United States from South Korea will undergo screenings prior to
boarding flights.
•Effective March 21st, non-essential travel between the United States, Canada and Mexico is temporarily
restricted.
•Effective May 24, 2020, there is a temporary entry ban for any visitor who has been to Brazil during the
14 days prior to travel, other than U.S. citizens or their immediate family, legal permanent residents, or
flight crew members.
26. For the most up-to-date information regarding U.S. entry and visa
policy, Brand USA encourages all travelers to refer to the
following resources provided by the U.S. government as they
make their travel arrangements and prior to embarking on a trip
to the USA.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection: www.CBP.gov
U.S. Department of State: travel.state.gov
29. Central America is an isthmus.
× There is no spot in Central America more than 125 miles
(200 kilometers) from the ocean.
There are sixteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites in
Central America, with places represented in every Central
American country.
Central America is an incredibly volcanic region, a fact
that has influenced everything from Central America's
cuisine (based on what crops grow in the richly volcanic
soil) to the geographic settlements of the region's
populations.
29
32. Demographics
LANGUAGE
Spanish is the dominant
language and the official language in
six of the countries
RELIGION
The predominant religion in Central
America is Christianity (95.6%).
32
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
During the 4th quarter of 2019 the
unemployment rate was 5.9%, BUT
NOW 2020 IS 8.4%
POPULATION
Population growth is he
current population of Central
Am 180,072,419 as of Friday,
September 11, 2020,
34. 34
Climatic
areas of
Central
America
• It has overall humid. tropical
climate with distinct dry and rainy
seasons thought out the region.
However the Weather can vary
from country to country and some
countries have multiple climate
zones.
• It climate zones are humid
Subtropical, Mediterranean, Marine
west Coast and Highlands.
• Mostly it has wet season RUNS
FROM November to May.
• The climate of Latin America
ranges from the hot and humid
Amazon River basin to the dry and
desert-like conditions of northern
Mexico and southern Chile.
41. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and
the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The eastern side of the continent is generally lower
than the west which contains the Andes mountain
range.
The second-longest river in the World, the Amazon
(6,400 km) flows across the top of the continent.
Argentina is home to the highest mountain
Aconcagua (6960 m) and the World’s highest
waterfall – Angel Falls (979 m).
41
43. Place your screenshot here
43
12 Sovereign
states
and non-sovereign area (the Falkland
Islands, a British Overseas
Territory though this is disputed by
Argentina). In addition to this, the ABC
islands of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago,
and Panama may also be considered
part of South America.
46. Demographics
LANGUAGE
Spanish and Portuguese are
the most spoken languages
in South America
RELIGION
90% of South Americans
are Christians.
46
RACE
Mixture of Europeans,
Anusim or Marranos,
Arabs, Amerindians,
Africans and to a smaller
extent East Asians.
POPULATION
Population growth is about
0.6% per year.
48. 48
METRA AREA POPULATION AREA COUNTRY
São Paulo 21,090,792 7,947 km2 Brazil
Buenos Aires 13,693,657 3,830 km2 Argentina
Rio de Janeiro 13,131,431 6,744 km2 Brazil
Lima 9,904,727 2,819 km2 Peru
Bogotá 9,800,225 4,200 km2 Colombia
Santiago 6,683,852 15,403 km2 Chile
Belo Horizonte 5,829,923 9,467 km2 Brazil
Caracas 5,322,310 4,715 km2 Venezuela
Porto Alegre 4,258,926 10,232 km2 Brazil
Brasilia 4,201,737 56,433 km2 Brazil
Populace
50. FACTS ON
AMAZON RIVER-
50
▄ 4,300 miles long
▄ Flows through 6 countries
▄ No bridges cross it
▄ Half of the rainforest
in the world is in the
Amazon region
▄ Second longest river in the world.
52. Unique Features of
South America
EMERALD
Columbia
supplies
90%of the
world’s
production of
Emeralds.
DESERT
Driest place
on earth is the
Atacama
Desert in
Argentina.
WATER FALL
Venezuela has
the highest
uninterrupted
Angel falls at
3211 feet.
52
57. × Remember that the southern hemisphere seasons are
reversed - with summer roughly November to February,
and winter in June to August.
× Peru is pretty much a year round destination thanks to
its proximity to the equator. However, visit between
January and March and you’ll be slap bang in the
middle of the rainy season.
× Northern Argentina and Chile along with southern
Brazil experiencing summer temperatures all the way
from November through to March and April where
coastal towns and beaches tend to attract the crowds.
× South America is well known for Easter
celebrations so bear this in mind if you’re planning on
travelling or finding somewhere to stay without booking 57
58. × July and August, are often peak times for travellers
wanting to undertake the Inca Trail or visit the
Galapagos Island and if you’re planning on searching for
Machu Pichu or wildlife watching then make sure you
book six months in advance. Permits are issued around
February every year - but it's never to soon to be put on
the list.
× October and November are often thought of as the
best times to visit South America as several countries
experience springlike conditions with numerous wild
flowers and newborn animals appearing with the rise in
temperatures.
× December finds popular coastal areas getting busier,
whilst natural regions, such as the Pantanal and the 58
60. 60
Unlike North America, South America still does not have an
adequately integrated transportation network. Significant efforts have been made
to improve both the connections within countries and the linkages between them.
In most South American countries railways have lost their dominant position as
the major mode of transportation and have been replaced by the road networks
that have developed rapidly since the 1960s. Moreover, rail transport is plagued
by operational problems as well as by obsolete equipment.
Air transportation has developed rapidly since World War
II. The increase is particularly significant with respect to
passenger traffic but applies less to the handling of bulky
freight.
62. The majority of visas in South America can
be obtained on arrival, however, it is
essential that you check the visa
requirements of every country you will be
visiting with the local embassy, consulate or
a reputable visa handling company for the
most up to date visa information before you
travel.
• BOLIVIA
• BRAZIL
• CHILE
• COLOMBIA
• ECUADOR
• PERU
69. Do You Know This Country?
It is in South America
70. Brazil is generally divided
into five regions ,
The Federative Republic of
Brazil is a union of 27
Federative Units.26 State
and one federal district,
where federal capital.
71. Demographics
LANGUAGE RELIGION
71
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Unemployment approximately
12.08% (2019)
POPULATION.
2019-210 million
Official language: Portuguese
99 percent of the country’s population.
Catholic Christians has been main
since the beginning of the 16th
century .
74. Best times to visit Brazil
It’s a little bit colder in the South
mountain part, it’s a little bit
warmer in the central part, and
coastline air is always very humid.
The weather is milder ,but no
less sunny in the northeast
which make less crowds and
pleasant condition.
It temperatures in major cities 13-
18”C, the best season to travel
through Amazonian jungle and
comfortable temperature and
lack of rain.
In Spring the Northern Hemisphere,
it is autumn in the Southern
Hemisphere and vice Versa. It
best time to visit to avoid major
vacation periods.
Spring: September-November
Winter: June- AugustSummer: December- February
Fall: March- May
75. Effective August 26, Brazil extended the restrictions on entry of foreigners by land
(unless for transit) and sea, through at least September 24. The entry of foreign
visitors traveling by air is currently permitted.
While Brazil has opened its border to visitors traveling by air, U.S. citizens considering
international travel should be aware that Brazil remains at a Level 4 Travel Advisory
(Do Not Travel) and continues to experience high daily case numbers of COVID-19.
Brazilian government is requiring proof of health insurance in order to enter the
country, Brazilian private hospitals do not often accept foreign health insurance
and visitors to Brazil should expect to pay for private hospital services upfront
and seek reimbursement from their travel insurance after treatment has
finished.
Corona virus
Travel Updates
76. • The foreigner must obtain an official note from the embassy or consulate of the country
of citizenship (U.S. citizens should reach out to the closest U.S. Embassy or Consulate
General for assistance)
• Wearing protective masks is mandatory throughout the country in public transportation,
medical facilities, shops, business etc.
• Visit the CDC’s webpage on Travel and COVID-19.
• Brasilia’s administrative regions (commonly known as “satellite cities”) of Ceilandia,
Santa Maria, Sao Sebastiao, and Paranoa during non-daylight hours due to crime
Even U.S. government personnel are not permitted to travel to areas within 150
km/100 miles of the international land borders
Travel Advisory