About skin and cosmetic

1. Cosmetic skin care. Skin
structure. Liquid cosmetic
product. Lotions. Toners.

2. The skin is the largest human
organ. It covers between 1.5
and 2 m2 , comprising about
one sixth of total body weight.

12. Function of Skin
The skin performs a complex role in human
physiology:
 serves as a barrier to the environment, and
some glands (sebaceous) may have weak anti-
infective properties.
 acts as a channel for communication to the
outside world.
 protects us from water loss, friction wounds, and
impact wounds.
 uses specialized pigment cells to protect us from
ultraviolet rays of the sun.
 produces vitamin D in the epidermal layer, when
it is exposed to the sun's rays.
 helps regulate body temperature through sweat
glands.
 helps regulate metabolism.
 has esthetic and beauty qualities.

13. The skin consists of three functional layers:
 Epidermis
 Dermis or corium
 Subcutis
(hypodermis)

14. Skin Cell Types
 Keratinocytes
 These cells
produce keratin
proteins that
provide some of
the rigidity of
the outer layers
of the skin.
Dandruff and
hair are dead
keratinocytes.

15. Skin Cell Types
 Fibroblasts
The fibroblasts
produce the
collagens and
elastins that
make skin very
durable, from
within.

16. Skin Cell Types
Melanocytes
Melanocytes are cells in low
abundance in the epidermis that
produce the pigment melanin.
The pigment made in
melanocytes is transferred to
the cells of the hair or
epidermis. The melanin granules
are injected into (or ingested
by) the keratinocyte cells.
There, the melanin granules
accumulate around the nucleus of
each keratinocyte.
Melanin absorbs harmful ultraviolet
(UV) light before the UV
radiation can reach the nucleus.
Melanin protects the DNA in the
nucleus from UV radiation
damage.

18. Skin Cell Types
Langerhans cells
These are star-shaped resident immune cells,
macrophages. A macrophage is a cell that protects your
body from injury or illness. Macrophages break up or
destroy (phagocytise) the invading organisms.

20. Skin Cell Types
Merkel's Cells
Only a few of these cells are present in skin; they are more
numerous in the palms and soles (feet). These cells are probably
sensory mechanical receptors that respond to stimulus, such as
pressure or touch.

22. Cosmetic lotion – is water-alcohol solution
of active substances, produced for the skin,
hands, body, legs and hair care.

23. Cosmetic toner - water solution
of active substances, produced
for the skin, hands, body, legs and
hair care. Mostly toners used to
care for dry skin because they do
not desiccate the skin, due to
absence of alcohol.

24. water
spring water
thermal water
Ethyl alcohol
Solvents - are the dominant ingredients

25. Solubilizing Agent

26. As solubilizing agent commonly use
PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil,
Polysorbat-80 (tween 80, polyoxy-ethylene
(20) sorbitan monooleate),
Polysorbate-20 (tween 20, Е432,
EUMULGIN ® SML 20),
ethyl alcohol,
glycerin,
propylene glycol etc.

27. Emollients are substances which are added to
cosmetic products to soften and smoothen the
skin, any substance that softens the skin by
slowing evaporation of water.

28. Humectants (or moisturizers) are important
cosmetic ingredients allowing to prevent loss of
moisture thereby retaining the skin's natural
moisture.

29. Active components it is a large group of cosmetic
ingredients, which have different positive
influence on the skin such as: anti-inflammatory
properties (aloe vera, allantoin d-panthenol),
exfoliating agents (salicylic acid and glycolic acid)
and others.

30. Preparation
of raw
materials. •Dissolving alcohol-
soluble substances;
•Adding active
components;
•Dissolving water-
soluble substances
•Preparation of
alcohol-water
solution;
•Settling;
•Filtering.
Preparation
of lotion Packaging,
labeling the
finished
product.