More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to 84405429-Cased-Hole-Logging.pdf
Similar to 84405429-Cased-Hole-Logging.pdf (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
84405429-Cased-Hole-Logging.pdf
- 1. Cased Hole Logging Cased Hole Logging Dr. Ir. Dr. Ir. Dedy Dedy Kristanto Kristanto, , M.Sc M.Sc
- 2. Cased Hole Logging • Formation Evaluation • Completion Evaluation • Cement Evaluation • Corrosion Tubular Evaluation • Perforating
- 3. Why Log? • Fluid contact detection and movement (material balance) • Other water/gas movement • Injection frontal advance • Water salinity
- 4. Special Applications • Old wells • Gravel-pack monitoring • Channeling behind casing • In-situ petrophysical properties
- 5. Formation Evaluation Logs for cased hole formation evaluation – Gamma ray – NGS log – Neutron log – Sonic log – Thermal decay time log – Gamma ray spectrometry tool
- 7. TDT ANALYSIS
- 8. Completion Evaluation Production logging applications – Well performance – Well problems – Well testing – Single and multi phase flow – Flow anomalies
- 10. Completion Evaluation • Evaluating completion efficiency • Detecting mechanical problems, breakthrough, coning • Providing guidance for workovers, enhanced recovery projects • Evaluating stimulation treatment effectiveness • Monitoring and profiling of production and injection
- 11. Completion Evaluation • Detecting thief zones, channeled cement • Single layer and multiple layer well test evaluation • Determining reservoir characteristics • Identifying reservoir boundaries for field development
- 12. Completion Evaluation Production logging tools – Spinner flow meters – Radioactive tracer tools – Fluid density tools – Nuclear fluid density tools – Temperature tools – Noise tools
- 13. 25% 65% 75% 100% PLT GR OH GR 9300 9200 9100 9400 9500 9000 CAL Gamma Ray 0 500 API 2 7 0 28000 Caliper Inches Pressure 4000 4200 PSIA Total Flow BPD 0.2 1.2 Density g/cm3 0 28000 Total Flow 240 245 Temperature °F 240 245 Temperature °F 0 28000 Flow Rates BPD Diphasic Analysis 0.2 1.2 Density g/cm3 Flowing Shut-in Flowing Shut-in
- 14. Weights PCM/CCL Telemetry 10” motorized centralizer Gamma ray Fluid density Temperature Pressure 10” Bow spring centralizer Continuous spinner flowmeter Fullbore flowmeter Gradiomanometer Thermometer/ Strain-gauge Centralizer In-line flowmeter Quartz pressure gauge Caliper Telemetry cartridge, including GR detector Collar locator Thru-tubing guide (Centralizer) Weights Cable head The Schlumberger Simultaneous Production Logging Tool (PLT). Atlas Wireline’s SPL tool.
- 15. Completion Evaluation • Spinner Tools – Continuous flow meter – Fullbore spinner – Inflatable diverter
- 16. Spinner rotation, rps Viscous and mechanical losses µ increase Ideal response Mechanical losses (bearing friction, etc.) ρ increase vth Fluid velocity, vf
- 17. 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 Fluid velocity, ft/minute Spinner speed, rps rev/sec (A) Continuous flowmeter (small diameter) I d e a l s l o p e = 0 . 0 5 r p s s l o p e = 0 . 0 4 0 r p s / ( f t / m i n ) V f = 3 . 5 f t / m i n Gas at 14.7 psi slope = 0.025 rps/(ft/m in) V f = 50 ft/m in W a t e r 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 Fluid velocity, ft/minute Spinner speed, rps rev/sec (B) Fullbore continuous flowmeter G a s u n d e r p r e s s u r e s l o p e = 0 . 0 4 0 r p s / ( f t / m i n ) V f = 1 2 f t / m i n W a t e r s l o p e = 0 . 0 4 3 r p s / ( f t / m i n ) V f = 3 f t / m i n
- 18. Electrical connection Lower bearing Upper bearing Magnet Pickup coil Spinner Schematic of Schlumberger/Sondex type continuous flowmeter spinner
- 19. Peco type spinner flowmeter
- 20. Spinner Basket Basket flowmeter opened in production well
- 23. CCL Electronic cartridge Spinner section Packer spring Packer bag Pump Filter Packer spring Packer bag Pump Filter Packer tube Comumicatation CCL cartridge Electronic cartridge Flowmeter Water-cut meter Densimeter Fluid entrance port
- 25. Shut in three days Well Sketch Continuous Flowmeter, rps Temperature 0 20 40 40°C 60°C 80°C “F” “E” “D” “C” “B” “A” Shut in one day During injection Flowmeter before treatment 11.000 B/D Flowmeter after treatment 23.000 B/D
- 26. Review of Flowmeter Types • Stationary • Continuous – In-situ calibration (takes time but arguably more valid than a chart as it takes actual tool characteristics into account) – Medium to high flow- rates. Poor sensitivity to low rates, especially in multi-phase flow – Interpretation becomes difficult in multi-phase flow, especially in inclined pipe – Point measurements – Lab-derived response chart – Low to medium flow rates. (pressure differential across the sealing element induces leaks and eventually moves the tool) – Converging effect tends to homogenize fluid mixture in relatively narrow tool body - better interpretation in multi- phase flow.
- 28. Completion Evaluation • Radioactive Tracer Tools – Can be placed into the following two categories: Ê Gamma ray tools without downhole ejectors for releasing radioactive material Ê Gamma ray tools with downhole ejectors and multiple gamma ray detectors
- 29. First detector 10.5 seconds Second detector 6 seconds Background
- 30. GR Lower Formation GR Cable speed Temperature GR Upper Tracker ejection ∆ Depth CCL
- 31. Presumed path of annulus water 4900 4000 5000 5100 0 500 1000 Flow rate, B/D Ejector Near detector Far detector CCL 51.5” 59.0” A B C D E F G H I
- 32. Completion Evaluation • Fluid Density Tools – Gradiomanometer tool – Pressure-temperature tool – Nuclear fluid density tool
- 34. 8200 8300 8400 8500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Fluid density, GM/CC Depth, feet 5 1/2” Flowing Shut-in
- 35. 8200 8300 8400 8500 1600 1800 2000 2200 Oscillator frequency, Hz Depth, feet 5 1/2” Water Shut-in Oil O/W Contact
- 36. Shielding 2 Feet CS 137 Source Gamma ray detector Counter Fluid density instrument Gamma ray source Sampling channel
- 37. Completion Evaluation • Temperature Tools – Detection of gas production via the cooling effect of expanding gas – Qualitative evaluation of fluid flow indicated by departures from the geothermal gradient – Temperature information for PVT equations – Evaluation of fracture treatments – Evaluation of mechanical integrity of a completion
- 43. Completion Evaluation • Noise Tools – Two types of noise logs Ê Single frequency Ê Multiple frequency
- 45. Cement Evaluation • Cement bond log (CBL) • Variable density log (VDL) • Compensated cement bond log • Cement evaluation tools (CET)
- 47. Cement Evaluation • The cement bond log (CBL) – The CBL, later combined with the VDL waveform, has been for many years the primary way to evaluate cement quality. The principle of measurement is to record the transit time and attenuation of an acoustic wave after propagation through the borehole fluid and casing wall.
- 48. Cement Evaluation • Compensated Cement Bond Tool – A newer generation tool that is lighter and more flexible for use in deviated holes. The principle of the measurement consists of recording two sets of receiver amplitudes and computing their ratio. This ratio is then used to compute attenuation.
- 49. Cement Evaluation • Cement Evaluation Tool – This tool evaluates the quality of the cementation in eight directions with very fine vertical resolution.
- 50. Perforating • Shaped Charges • Wireline Perforating Guns • Tubing Conveyed Perforating Guns