This document discusses biodiversity and the classification of organisms into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It defines taxonomy as the branch of biology concerned with identifying and naming organisms, and explains that taxonomy allows for a systematic classification of organisms based on their characteristics and enables communication among scientists. Examples of organisms from each kingdom are provided. The document also discusses the hierarchical classification of organisms and the Linnaean binomial system of naming species.

2. 8.4 BIODIVERSITY

3. Learning Outcomes At the end of lesson, students should be able to: Explain the meaning of ‘biodiversity’. Explain the need for classification of organisms. State the five kingdoms used in the classification of organisms. Identify the main characteristics of organisms in each kingdom List examples of organisms in each kingdom State the hierarchy in the classification of organisms using examples Explain through examples, the method of naming organisms using Linnaeus binomial system Explain the importance of biodiversity.

4. Definition Biodiversity refers to the diverse species of plants and animals interacting with one another on Earth.

5. The Need for Classification of Organisms - Taxonomy Taxonomy: A branch of Biology concerned with identifying, describing and naming organisms. Systematic method to classify plants and animals based on similarities and characteristics. Enables organisms to be identified easily and accurately. Enables communication among scientist. Allow information about a particular organism to be found more readily.

6. Kingdoms There are five kingdoms used in the classification of organisms.

7. Monera Prokaryotic organisms. Unicellular. Have cell walls but lack of both membrane-bound nuclei and organelles. Can be photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic. Examples:

8. Examples: Bacteria Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

9. Protista Eukaryotes – unicellular or multicellular organisms, and each cell has a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. Some have cell wall and some do not. Multicellularprotist have no specialised cells to perform specific function. Nutrition: Can be either heterotrophic and autotrophic or both.

10. Examples: Alga Spirogyra sp. Seaweed Amoeba sp.

11. Fungi Heterotrophic multicellulareukaryotes. Some are unicellular. Cell wall of fungi contain a material called chitin. Main bodies consist of network of thread-like hyphae called mycelium. Do not contain chlorophyll. May feed saprotrophically.

12. Examples: Yeast Mushroom Pin mould

13. Plantae A kingdom which includes all land plants. Immobile, multicellular eukaryotes. Important sources of oxygen, food, clothing, pigments, spices, dyes and drugs.

14. Examples: Palm tree Fern Hibiscus plant

15. Animalia Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes. Do not have cell wall. Can move form one place to place.

16. Examples:

17. Hierarchy in classification of organisms

18. Linnaeus binomial system Each organism has two names in Latin. First name: begin with a capital letter refers to genus. Second name: begin with smaller letter refers to species. Example: Homo sapiens [Homo: genus; sapiens: species]

19. Exercise 8.1 Describe the following modes of nutrition: Saprophytism Parasitism Predation Explain how the relationship of prey-predator can establish a dynamic equilibrium in the environment. (Give one example in your explanation).

20. (a)saprophytic organism does not synthesize food by itself.