This powerpoint is about the biological classification of an organism. This includes the 5 kingdoms and phyla under each kingdom.

3. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
AND PLANTS
Biological classification of plants and animals was
first proposed by Aristotle on the basis of simple
morphological characters.
Morphological Characteristics –
refers to the shape, size, colors and
etc. Specific parts.

4. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
AND PLANTS
Carolus Linnaeus/ Carl von
Linne, A Swedish Botanist -
reclassified all living organisms
into two kingdoms – Plantae and
Animalia.
Father of Taxonomy

5. Robert Whittaker proposed an
elaborate five kingdom classification –
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia.

6. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
AND PLANTS
The main criteria of the five kingdom
classification were cell structure, body
organization, mode of nutrition and
reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships
[evolutionary development and
diversification of a species].

7. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
AND PLANTS
At present, the biological
classification includes:
1. Kingdom Monera
2. Kingdom Protista
3. Kingdom Fungi
4. Kingdom Plantae
5. Kingdom Animalia
6. Viruses, Viroids and Lichens

9.  In the five-kingdom classification, bacteria are included in Kingdom
Monera.
 Kingdom Protista includes all single-celled eukaryotes such as
Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime-moulds and
Protozoans.
 Members of Kingdom Fungi show a great diversity in structures and
habitat. Most fungi are saprophytic in their mode of nutrition.

10.  The plantae include all eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing
organisms. Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and
angiosperms are included in this group.
 The heterotrophic eukaryotic, multicellular organisms lacking a
cell wall are included in the Kingdom Animalia.

11. • Some acellular organisms like viruses and viroid's as well
as the lichens are not included in the five kingdom system
of classification.
• Acellular organisms – Organism that are not made up of
cells of divided into cells. “Cell Free” organisms.

12. • Further classification is done by naming the sub-
groups at various levels as given in the following
scheme: KPC OF GS
1.Kingdom,
2.Phylum (For Animals) / Division (For Plants),
3.Class,
4.Order,
5.Family,
6.Genus,
7.Species.

14. KINGDOM MONERA
• THE ORGANISMS IN THIS GROUP ARE
1.PROKARYOTIC
2.UNICELLULAR
3.MOST ABUNDANT MICRO-ORGANISMS AND
LIVE IN EXTREME HABITATS

15. KINGDOM MONERA
• MODE OF NUTRITION
1.AUTOTROPHIC - SYNTHESIZE THEIR OWN
FOOD
2.HETEROTROPHIC - GETTING FOOD FROM THE
ENVIRONMENT
• STRUCTURE
1.BACTERIA - WITH CELL WALL
2.MYCOPLASMA – WITHOUT CELL WALL

16. BACTERIA ARE GROUPED UNDER FOUR CATEGORIES
BASED ON THEIR SHAPE
1. THE SPHERICAL
COCCUS
2. THE ROD-SHAPED
BACILLUS
3. THE COMMA SHAPED
VIBRIUM
4. THE SPIRAL SPIRILLUM

22. KINGDOM
PROTISTA
• Organisms Under This Group are all single-celled
eukaryotes.
• Their mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or
heterotrophic.
• Members of Protista are primarily aquatic. Some have
flagella or cilia that helps in movement.
• Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process
involving cell fusion and zygote formation.

23. KINGDOM
PROTISTA

31. Kingdom Fungi
• These are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
• Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic
matter from dead substrates and hence are called
saprophytes
• Those that depend on living plants and animals are called
parasites
• Reproduction in fungi can take place by vegetative means –
fragmentation, fission and budding.
• Asexual reproduction is by spores called conidia or

32. Kingdom Fungi
 Many of fungi have the capacity to become multicellular
organisms at certain stages in their lives.
 They have cell-walls made of a tough complex sugar called
chitin.
 Fungi are cosmopolitan
 They prefer to grow in warm and humid places. With the
exception of yeasts which are unicellular, fungi are
filamentous.
 Some are the source of antibiotics, e.g., Penicillium.

33. Kingdom Fungi

34. Kingdom Fungi