The document provides an overview of Six Sigma, a methodology used to improve processes and reduce defects. It discusses that human error is inevitable but systems can be designed to make errors less likely. Six Sigma was introduced in 1986 by Bill Smith and Bob Galvin of Motorola to deliver nearly perfect products and services. It uses DMAIC and DMADV methodologies to define, measure, analyze, improve and control processes to drive out defects. The document outlines the key principles, methodologies, implementation process, advantages and disadvantages of Six Sigma.

2. “HUMAN ERROR IS
INEVITABLE. HOWEVER
WITH AWRONG SYSTEMWE
CAN MAKE IT MORE LIKELY
TO HAPPEN”
-Louis Litt

3. SIX SIGMA
A part of Group Presentation by
Varun
Of GroupVII

4. Introduction
 A manufacturing organization may be looked upon as a bundle of processes which
have definitive inputs and outputs
 But they have their fair share of errors and defects in the products that they dole out
 Globalization, Instant access to information, products, services have changed the
needs and expectations of the customers
 It has become mandatory to change the way of conduct of any business
 Customers look for products with Zero defects and want no compromise with the
products that they’ve paid for
 Today’s competitive world leaves no room for error and thus gave rise to SIX SIGMA

5. What is Six Sigma ?
■ Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement
■ Introduced in the year 1986 by a Civil and Production Engineer named
BILL SMITH and BOB GALVIN who worked at MOTOROLA
■ A highly disciplined process that enables organizations deliver nearly
perfect products and services.
■ The figure of six arrived statistically from current average maturity of most
business enterprises
■ A philosophy and a goal: as perfect as practically possible.
■ A methodology and a symbol of quality.

6. Six Sigma is not:
•A standard
•A certification
•Another metric like percentage
Rather!
•It is a Quality Philosophy and the way of improving performance by
knowing where you are and where you could be.
■ Methodology to measure and improve company’s performance,
practices and systems
■ A statistical concept that measures a process in terms of defects – at the
six sigma level, there 3.4 defects per million opportunities

7. EVOLUTION

8. ■ 1798: EliWhitney, Mass Production and Interchangeable
Parts
■ 1913: Henry Ford and the Moving Assembly Line
■ 1924: Walter Shewhart’s and Edward Demings’ PDCA cycle
■ 1925 : NikolaTesla’s Coil design
■ 1945:The Japanese Quality Movement
■ 1980 : USA’s counter move (35 years later !!!)
■ 1987: International Organization for Standardization
■ 1987: Motorola and Six Sigma
■ 1988: Beyond Motorola

9. Type DPM % of Defects
1 691,492 69
2 308,358 31
3 66,807 6.7
4 6210 0.62
5 233 0.023
6 3.4 0.00034
7 0.019 0.0000019

10. PRINCIPLES

11. ■ Genuine focus onCustomer
■ Data and Fact driven management
■ Process focus, management and improvement
■ ProactiveThinking
■ Boundaryless Collaborations
■ Drive for Perfection
■ Tolerance for Failure

12. METHODOLOGIES

13. ■ There are 2 major methodologies used
in Six Sigma
– DMAIC
– DMADV / DFSS

14. DMAIC
■ Stands for Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control
■ Define the System
■ Measure the key aspects of current process
■ Analyse the data to investigate and verify cause – effect
■ Improve or Optimize the process
■ Control
■ To be used when there is an existing system which doles out products not meeting the
customers’ expectation and is erroneous

15. DMADV
■ Stands for Define, Measure, Analyse, Design,Verify
■ Define Project Goals
■ Measure customer needs and Specs
■ Analyse process options
■ Design the process in detail
■ Verify the performance
■ To be used when there needs to be a new system to be developed

16. ORGANIZATION
STRUCTURE IN 6σ

18. IMPLEMENTATION
PROCESS

19. ■ Select a RedressalTeam
■ Define and Describe the problem
■ Implement andVerify ShortTerm solutions
■ Define the root cause
■ Implement Root cause solution and corrective actions
■ Implement permanent solutions
■ Prevent Recurrence

20. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

21. Advantages
■ Defect free product
■ LowerAfter Sales costs
■ Journey towards excellence
■ Better reputation
■ Lower Inspection / Supervision Costs
■ Ship to stock ship directly
■ Higher Employee morale
■ Tension free working
■ Greater Customer Satisfaction

22. Disadvantages
■ Lack of Originality – Joseph. M. Juran
■ Role of Consultants
■ Very high production costs
■ Over reliance on Statistical tools
■ Rigidity kills innovation and creativity
■ Require skilled workers
■ Time barriers
■ Gimmicky and just plain rebranding

23. ORGANIZATIONS
THAT USE 6σ