Cylinder deactivation is a technology that allows engines to shut off fuel and spark to selected cylinders to save fuel when full engine power isn't needed. It works by using solenoid valves and hydraulic systems to lock the engine's lifters and disable the intake and exhaust valves on selected cylinders. This can reduce fuel consumption by 8-25% during light loads like cruising. Major automakers are developing newer cylinder deactivation methods using active valve train technologies to improve efficiency further and meet stricter emissions standards.

1. Cylinder Deactivation

2. Content
• Introduction
• Approach to the Problem
• Cylinder deactivation mechanism
• Methods used for cylinder deactivation
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Key players using cylinder deactivation
• Future trends
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Reducing fuel consumption
• Cutting emission of green house gases
• Cylinders are shutdown during light load
• Reduce pumping losses
• 8-25% reduction in fuel consumption

4. • More cylinders - More fuel to keep running.
• Not using all cylinders - Less fuel.
• Overtaking - High-speed runs on the freeway-
Require - High output
• Most ordinary situations, high power output
not required all the time.
Introduction

5. • Under no circumstances - you would use 100%
of the engine's power
• Cruising speed – Only a fraction of power -
High power not required.
• Low-mid RPM range, Part-throttle.
• Accelerator pedal not down, save fuel. Not all
cylinders are operating at full capacity.
• Cylinder deactivation allows the engine to
stop using some of its cylinders when that
extra power isn’t needed.
Introduction

6. Cylinder Deactivation Mechanism
• Considerations:
• Coolant temperature, vehicle speed, engine load
parameters.
• Action:
• Disable exhaust/inlet valves, spark plug, fuel.

7. CDA Hardware
Components:
• Electronic Control Module
• Solenoid valves
• Hydraulic subsytem
• Lifter locking pin mechanism

9. Engine Control Module
• Measuring multiple instantaneous events
• Dynamic response for coordinating the
deactivation hardware with other engine
control functions.
• Dynamic response: solenoid plunger, hydraulic
subsytem, lifter locking pin.

10. Methods
• Displacement on Demand
• (General Motors)
• Variable Cylinder Management
• (Lotus Automotive System)
• Active Valve Train Technology

11. Displacement on Demand

12. Variable Cylinder Management

13. Cylinder-On-Demand system

14. Active Cylinder Technology (ACT)

15. Advantages
• Increased fuel efficiency (10-20%)
• Decreased emissions from deactivated
cylinders
• Better breathing capability of the engine,
thereby reducing power consumed in suction
stroke.

16. Disadvantages
• Earlier Engines – balancing issue.
• Increased cost of manufacturing
• Overall increase in weight

17. Cylinder Deactivation Trends
• Active Valve Train Technology - uses valve
controls with high speed hydraulic actuators
there by eliminating the use of Cam shaft.
• Tula Technologies - developed a technology -
Dynamic Skip Fire.
• Monitors torque demands and determines
whether or not to fire each cylinder at each
firing opportunity. General Motors – investor -
future models.

18. Conclusion
• Pollution free environment –
• Norms like EUROIII & BS6 (Bharath Stage VI).
• Future world demands automobile with less
fuel. A Solution- Cylinder Deactivation.