666114088-11-An-Over-View-of-Political-History.pdf

1. An overview of Political History
 The Territory of Pakistan, including West Pakistan
and East Pakistan (Province of East Bengal), was
formally established on August 14, 1947.
 Liaqat Ali Khan formed a government as prime
minister on August 15, 1947.
 First Governor-General Mohammed Ali Jinnah died
on September 11, 1948, and Khwaja Nazimuddin
was appointed as Governor-General on September
12, 1948.

2. Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan was assassinated on October
16, 1951, and Governor-General Nazimuddin formed a
government as prime minister on October 17, 1951.
Sixteen individuals were killed in political violence in
Karachi on January 7-9, 1951.
Governor-General Ghulam Mohammed dismissed Prime
Minister Nazimuddin on April 17, 1953, and Mohammed Ali
Bogra of the Muslim League (ML) formed a government as
prime minister on April 18, 1953.
The Constituent Assembly proclaimed/declared the name
of country as the Republic of Pakistan on November 2,
1953.
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan was proclaimed/declared
after the declaration of a new constitution on March 23,
1956.

3. Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
resigned on October 11, 1957, and Ismail Ibrahim
Chandigarh of the ML formed a federation
government as prime minister on October 18, 1957.
President Iskandar Mirza abrogated the
constitution, disbanded the National Assembly, and
proclaimed first martial law on October 7, 1958.
President Iskandar Mirza appointed General
Muhammad Ayyub Khan as chief martial law
administrator on October 8, 1958.
General Khan took control of the government after
forcing President Iskandar Mirza to resign on
October 27, 1958.

4. Crisis in 60s
General Ayyub Khan was elected president with 96
percent of the vote on February 14, 1960, and he was
inaugurated as president on February 17, 1960.
Some 1,000 individuals were killed in ethnic/political
violence in 1960-1961.
 President Ayyub Khan approved a new constitution
on March 1, 1962.
A new constitution went into effect on June 7, 1962.
President Ayyub Khan announced the legalization of
political parties and the lifting of martial law on June
8, 1962.

5. June 9, 1962-March 25, 1969
The Muslim League (ML) was formally revived at a
convention in Karachi on September 4-5, 1962, but the ML
split into a pro-government factions/groups and two
other opposition factions in October 1962.
President Ayyub Khan was elected leader of the All-
Pakistan Muslim League (APML) on December 24, 1963.
President Ayyub Khan was re-elected for a five-year term
with 64% of the vote on January 2, 1965, and he was
inaugurated on March 23, 1965.
 Elections to the Provincial Assemblies in West and East
Pakistan were held on May 16, 1965.
The All-Pakistan Muslim League won 141 out of 155 seats
in West Pakistan and 118 out of 145 seats in East Pakistan.

6. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto established the Pakistan People’s
Party (PPP) on December 1, 1967.
Government police and students clashed in West
Pakistan (Rawalpindi) on November 7-10, 1968,
resulting in the deaths of four students.
Some 20,000 students confirmed against the
government in Rawalpindi on November 26, 1968.
Fourteen individuals were killed during protest
march in West Pakistan on January 22-29, 1969.
President Ayyub Khan offered to negotiate
constitutional changes with opposition political
parties on February 1, 1969.

7. Post 1969
President Ayyub Khan resigned on March 25, 1969.
General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan took control of
the government and declared 2nd
martial law on March
25, 1969.
General Yahya Khan suspended the 1962 constitution on
March 31, 1969.
 Legislative/judicial elections were held on December 7,
1970.
 Awami League (AL) of East Pakistan won 151 out of 300
seats in the National Assembly.
The Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) won 81 seats in the
National Assembly.

8. President Yahya Khan postponed until further notice
by setting up the parliament on March 1, 1971.
Military action started in East Pakistan which finally
resulted in the dismemberment of East Pakistan on
16 Dec 1971.
 President Yahya Khan resigned on December 20,
1971, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP was under
oath as president on December 21, 1971.
 President Bhutto signed an interim/temporary
constitution and lifted martial law on April 20, 1972.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the Pakistan People’s Party
(PPP) was president under the interim constitution
on April 21, 1972.

9. April 1972-July 1977
The National Assembly adopted a new constitution on
April 10, 1973, and the constitution went into effect on
April 12, 1973.
 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP was elected prime
minister by the National Assembly on August 12, 1973.
The Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) was established
by opposition political parties on January 11, 1977.
Parliamentary elections were held on March 7, 1977,
and the PPP won 155 out of 200 seats in the National
Assembly.
The PNA won 36 seats in the National Assembly. But
Opposition political parties claimed election fraud.

10. Some 40 individuals were killed in election-related
violence between January 10 and March 7, 1977.
The PNA organized a nationwide strike beginning on
March 11, 1977.
The National Assembly convened/gathered on March
26, 1977, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP was under
oath as prime minister on March 28, 1977.
Members of the PNA boycotted the National Assembly.
Prime Minister Bhutto imposed martial law in three
cities i.e. Karachi, Hyderabad, and Lahore on April 21,
1977.
Some 350 individuals were killed in political violence
between March 7 and May 20, 1977.

11. July 1977- 1986
Prime Minister Bhutto was removed/deposed in a
military coup led by General Muhammad Zia on July
5, 1977.
General Zia declared 3rdmartial law and proclaimed
himself chief martial law administrator on July 5,
1977.
Parliamentary/ General elections were scheduled for
October 18, 1977, but General Zia postponed the
elections indefinitely on October 1, 1977.
Former Prime Minister Bhutto was arrested for the
murder of Nawab Mohammad Ahmad Khan on
September 3, 1977.

12. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was convicted/find guilty of murder
and sentenced to death on March 18, 1978.
 President Fazal Elahi Chaudhry resigned on September
14, 1978, and General Zia was under oath as president
on September 16, 1978.
 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was hanged on April 4, 1979.
Elections to the National Assembly were held on
February 25, 1985, but the ban on political parties
remained in effect. NON-Party Based Elections.
 The National Assembly arranged on March 23, 1985,
and General Zia was under oath as president on March
23, 1985.
Muhammad Khan Junejo formed a government as
prime minister on March 23, 1985.

13. 1988 on wards
President Zia was killed in a plane crash on August
17, 1988, and Ghulam Ishaq Khan was taken oath as
acting President.
Parliamentary/legislative elections were held on
November 16-19, 1988, and the PPP won 94 out of
207 seats in the National Assembly.
 President Ishaq Khan appointed Benazir Bhutto, as
prime minister on December 1, 1988. Pakistan
rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations (CON) on
October 1, 1989.

14. 1990-2004
Prime Minister Bhutto was accused of corruption and
dismissed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan on August 6,
1990.
Legislative and provincial elections were held in Pakistan
on October 24-27, 1990, and the IDA won 104 out of 207
contested seats in the National Assembly.
Opposition political parties claimed election fraud.
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif of the IDA was appointed prime
minister on November 6, 1990, and Prime Minister Sharif
lifted the state-of-emergency on November 7, 1990.
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Prime Minister
Sharif on April 18, 1993, and Balakh Sher Mazari was
appointed as acting prime minister.

15. The Supreme Court reestablished Mohammad Nawaz
Sharif as prime minister on May 26, 1993.
 Prime Minister Sharif and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan
resigned on July 18, 1993.
Legislative elections were held on October 6-9, 1993,
and the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won 89 out of 207
seats in the National Assembly.
Farrooq Ahmad Leghari was elected president by the
parliament on November 13, 1993.
 President Ahmad Leghari dismissed Prime Minister
Benazir Bhutto on November 5, 1996.
Legislative elections were held on February 3, 1997, and
the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) won 134 out of 207
contested seats in the National Assembly.

16. 1997 onwards
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif of the PML was elected prime
minister by the National Assembly on February 17, 1997.
President Farooq Leghari resigned on December 2, 1997.
 Muhammad Rafiq Tarar was elected president by an
electoral college on December 31, 1997.
 Prime Minister Sharif was overthrowing in a military
coup led by General Pervez Musharraf and the
parliament was dissolved on October 12, 1999 as 4th
martial law was imposed.
 President Mohammad Rafiq Tarar was removed from
office, and General Musharraf appointed himself as
president on June 20, 2001.

17. Post 911
Following the terrorist attacks on September 11,
2001, the U.S. government agreed to lift economic
and military sanctions (suspension of economic
assistance and prohibition on arms sales) against
the Pakistani government on September 22, 2001.
Parliamentary elections were held on October 10,
2002, and the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) won
126 out of 342 seats in the National Assembly.
The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won 81 seats in
the National Assembly.

18. 2008 On wards
Parliamentary elections were held on February 18,
2008, and the PPP won 124 out of 337 seats in the
National Assembly.
 The PML won 91 seats in the National Assembly.
 Yousaf Raza Gillani of the PPP formed a union (PPP-
PML) government as prime minister on March 25,
2008.
Parliamentary elections were held on May 11, 2013.
The Pakistan Muslim League (PML) won 166 out of
342 seats in the National Assembly.
The Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) won 45 seats in the
National Assembly.

19. General Elections were held on July 25,2018 and
Pakistan Tehreek Insaf won majority with the
highest votes of 31.24 percent.
PTI won 149 seats in the National Assembly.
Pakistan Muslim League (N) secured 82
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won 53 seats.
Imran khan was appointed as 22nd
PM of Pakistan
on 18 August 2018
 Dr. Arif Alvi became 13th
president of Pakistan on
September 4, 2018
Pakistan PM Imran Khan has been removed
after losing no-confidence vote on April 10,
2022