2. Political history of Pakistan
Formative phase (1947-1958)
Martial law regime (1958-1972)
Democratic regime (1972-1977)
3rd Martial law (1977-1988)
Democratic regime (1988-1999)
4th Martial law (1999-2008)
Restoration of Democracy (2008-2017)
3. Formative phase (1947-1958)
Independence Act of 1947 and 1st Governor General
Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime minister (1947-1951)
Kahmir Crisis(1948)
Khawaja Nazimuddin Becomes 2nd Governor General and
the Prime Minister (1948-1953)
Basic Principles Committee (1949)
Liaquat-Nehru Pact 1950
Iskander Mirza Becomes Governor General (1955)
West Pakistan Established as One Unit (1955)
H.S. Suhrawardy Becomes Prime Minister (1956)
Iskander Mirza Becomes President (1956)
Malik Feroz Khan Noon Becomes Prime Minister (1957)
4. Independence Act of 1947 and 1st
Governor General
As Pakistan came into being, There was no law for the
new state, the Government of India Act, 1935 became,
with certain adaptations, the working constitution of
Pakistan.
Quiad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was First
Governor General of Pakistan.
5. ii. Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime
minister (1947-1951)
Liaquat Ali Khan’s contributions to the struggle for
independence were numerous. After independence, he
was thus the natural choice for the premiership. Liaquat
Ali Khan was appointed as the first prime Minister of
Pakistan.
Being the first Prime Minister of the country, Liaquat
Ali Khan had to deal with a number of difficulties that
Pakistan faced in its early days. He helped Quaid-e-
Azam in solving the refugee problem and in setting up
an effective administrative system for the country.
6. He established the groundwork for Pakistan’s foreign
policy.
He also took steps towards the formulation of
the constitution.
He presented the objectives resolutions, a prelude to
future constitutions, in the Legislative Assembly. The
house passed it on March 12,1949. It is considered to
be the “Magna Carta” in Pakistan’s constitutional
history.
Objective resolution is the preamble of constitution
and provides the guideline to make the constitution.
7. iii- Kashmir Crisis (1948)
1. Kashmir, the last of the defiant states, was the
reverse of Hyderabad. It had a Hindu ruler, Maharaja
Hari Singh, but his subjects were mostly Muslims,
accounting to 78 percent of the total population.
2. The Maharaja was reluctant to join either India or
Pakistan. But Lord Mountbatten urged him to take a
decision to join either of the states before August 15,
1947. India occupied Kashmir unjustly.
8. 4 Khawaja Nazimuddin Becomes 2nd Governor
General and the Prime Minister (1948-1953)
After Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947,
Nazimuddin was appointed the first Chief Minister of the
province of East Bengal.
When the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah died on September 11, 1948,
Nazimuddin was appointed as the second Governor
General of Pakistan.
After assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan on 16 Oct 1951, he
stepped down from GG and assumed office of Prime
Minister.
GG Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Khwaja Nazim-u-din
on 16 April 1953 and appointed M. Ali Bogra as Prime
Minister.
9. 5 Basic Principles Committee
(1949)
After the objectives Resolution was passed in 1949, the
Constitution Assembly set up a number of committees
to draw the future constitution on the basis of the
principles given in the Objectives
Resolutions.
The most important among those committees was the
Basic Principles Committee set up on March 12, 1949,
by Khawaja Nazimuddin on the advice of Prime
Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.
10. Liaquat-Nehru Pact 1950
What is pact?
Pact means deal and agreement.
i. At the time of independence, many communal riots
broke out in different areas of India and Pakistan. These
riots had a great impact on the status of minorities in
the two nations.
ii. Due to brutal killings by the majority community, a huge
number of Muslims migrated from India, and Hindus
and Sikhs from Pakistan. Yet, the mass migration
failed to solve the minority problem. Liaquat Nehru
Pact 1950 was established to solve the problems.
11. Iskander Mirza Becomes Governor
General (1955)
i. In August 1955, Major General Iskander mirza took
over as Governor General when Ghulam Muhammad
becomes too ill to continue.
ii. He was confirmed as the fourth Governor General of
Pakistan on October 4, 1955.
12. West Pakistan Established as One
Unit (1955):
i. Even after eight years of existence, Pakistan was
without a constitution. The main reason was believed
to be the fact that there were two unequal wings of
Pakistan separated from each other by more than a
thousand miles.
ii. To diminish the differences between the two regions,
the Government of Pakistan decided that all the four
provinces and states of west Pakistan should be merged
into one unit. One unit was established in 15 Oct. 1955.
13. 9 H.S. Suhrawardy Becomes Prime
Minister (1956)
i. Soon after the adoption of the 1956 Constitution,
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy replaced Chaudhry
Muhammad Ali as Prime Minister on September
12,1956.
ii. Suhrawardy had managed to secure the office for
himself by forging an alliance with the Republican
party
14. 10 Iskander Mirza Becomes
President (1956)
i. Governor General Ghulam Muhammad’s despotic
and dictatorial policy led Iskander Mirza and his
collaborators to force him out of power. Although his
removal was necessary, yet another despot, Iskander
Mirza, who was the fourth Governor General and then
the first President of Pakistan succeeded him.
ii. He was elected as the first President under the 1956
Constitution.
15. 11 Malik Feroz Khan Noon
Becomes Prime Minister(1957)
On December 16, 1957, Malik Feroz Khan Noon took
over the office of Prime Minister from I. I. Chundrigar.
Malik Feroz Khan Noon was the last in the line of
Prime Ministers under the President-ship of Iskander
Mirza.
17. 1. First Martial Law Under Field Marshal Ayub Khan (1958-1962)
2. Reforms (land, industrial, family, constitutional, social and
educational, change of Capital)
3. Presidential Election (1965)
4. Indo-Pak war (September, 1965)
5. Down fall of Ayb khan, 1968
18. 1. 2ND MARTIAL LAW UNDER GENERAL YAHYA
KHAN (1969 – 1971)
The legal frame work order
The General election 1970
Disagreement between Yahay, Bhutto, Mujeeb
Civil war, military action, war with India
The Separation of East Pakistan (1971)
19. DEMOCRATIC REGIME (1972-1977)
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Becomes Prime Minister
(1973)
Reforms- Nationalization programme, land reforms,
educational reforms, labour reforms, foreign policy)
General Elections 1977 and PNA (pakistan national
allience, they rejected the election result and protested)
3rd Martial Law imposes
20. 6. 3RD MARTIAL LAW (1977- 1988):
Martial Law under General Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988)
Political activities banned
Majlis e Shoorah
Economical reforms
Afghan policy (Russia , America war, role of pakistan)
Movement for restoration of democracy( MRD)
Referendum of Gen. Zia ul Haq 1984
General Elections, February 1985
Junejo the prime minister and his dissolvent (1985-1988)
Islamization Under General Zia-ul-Haq
Bhutto hanged 4 April 1979
Death of General Zia-ul-Haq (1988)
21.
22. DEMOCRATIC REGIMES (1988 -
1999)
1. Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto Becomes first time Prime
Minister (1988).
2. Mr. Ghulam Ishaq Khan becomes President (1988-1993)
3. Mr. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi Becomes Caretaker Prime
Minister (1990)
4. Mr. Nawaz Sharif Becomes first time Prime Minister
(1990)
5. Mr. Balakh Sher Mazari Becomes Caretaker Prime
minister (1993).
6. Mr. Sardar Farooq Leghari BecomesPresident (1993) Mr.
Malik Meraj Khalid Becomes Caretaker Prime Minister
(1996)
23. DEMOCRATIC REGIMES (1988 -
1999)
Mr. Nawaz Sharif Becomes 2nd time Prime Minister
(1997)
Mr. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar elects as President (1998)
Pakistan becomes Nuclear Power on May 28, 1998
The Lahore Declaration (1999):
25. Military rular Gen. Musharaf comes in Power (Oct 12,
1999)
Gen. Pervez Musharaf Becomes President (June 2001)
Local Government System (2001)
Mr. Zafarullah Khan Jamali Becomes Prime Minister
(2002)
Mr. Shaukat Aziz Becomes Prime Minister (2004)
Gen. Pervez Musharraf led Pakistan from 1999 to
2008.
26. RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY
(2008 TO UP DATE)
Mr. Muhammad Yousaf Gallani becomes prime minister 2008
to 2012.
14 Raja Pervez Ashraf becomes prime minister
June 2012 to 2013.
15 Justice (Rtd.) Mir Hazar Khan Khoso Becomes Caretaker
Prime Minister
16 Mr. Asif Ali Zardari President Of Pakistan
2009 TO 2013.
Mr. Nawaz Sharif Becomes third time Prime
Minister from June 2013 till 2017
Mr. Mamnoon Hussain Becomes President
27. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN PAKISTAN
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935:
Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the
Government of India Act, 1935 became, with certain adaptations,
the working constitution of Pakistan. But the need of a constitution
to be framed by the elected representatives of the people was all the
more necessary for the free people of a sovereign state. Therefore
the first Constituent Assembly was formed under the Independence
Act, 1947 and was entrusted with two separate functions:
28. Objectives Resolution
Objectives Resolution is one of the most important
documents in the constitutional history of Pakistan. It
laid down the objectives on which the future
constitution of the country was to be based and it proved
to be the foundational stone of the constitutional
development in Pakistan. The most significant thing was
that it contained the basic principles of both Islamic
political system and Western Democracy. It served as
preamble for the constitution of 1956, 1962 and 1973 and
ultimately became the part of the Constitution in 1985.
29. Important points and principals of the objective
resolution.
Sovereignty of the entire Universe belongs to Allah
alone
To establish the sovereignty of the state.
Constitution of Pakistan should be framed by the
Constituent Assembly
State should exercise its powers through the chosen
representatives
To provide opportunity to follow the teaching of Islam.
To protect the rights of minorities.
To give principals of equality, freedom to all the citizen
of Pakistan.
30. To make judiciary independent.
To progress under developed areas.
To guarantee fundamental right to all the citizen of
Pakistan.
Minorities can freely profess and practice their
religion.
There should be Federal form of government with the
maximum autonomy for the Units
31. Islamic Provisions
The constitution of 1956
Islamic republic of Pakistan
Only Muslim will become president of Pakistan
Teaching of the Holy Quran(compulsory for Muslims)
Alcohol- purchasing and sale is banned.
Prostitution- prohibited.
Unity among Muslim countries
32. The constitution of 1962
President General Ayub Khan made commission
to prepare constitution of 1962.
Re-Introduce of Islamic republic of Pakistan.
steps must be taken, to enable Muslims to adopt
Islamic way of life.
No law enacted against the holy Quran and Sunnah.
Only Muslim will be elected as president of Pakistan.
Practical steps be taken to stop alcohol and gambling.
Unity among Muslim countries is strengthened.
33. The constitution of 1973
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto announced this constitution.
Islamic republic of Pakistan
Proper organization of zakat and mosques.
Definition of Muslim
No law shall be enacted against Islam.
Unity among Muslim countries
Prostitution, gambling and consumption of alcohol
prevented by state.
