58361240 production-of-monoclonal-antibo (1)
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- Hybridoma technology involves fusing antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cancer cells to form immortal hybridoma cell lines capable of producing monoclonal antibodies. - Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler invented the technique of producing monoclonal antibodies in 1975, winning the 1984 Nobel Prize for their work. - The key steps are immunizing an animal like a mouse with an antigen, fusing its spleen B cells with myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol, and culturing the hybridomas in HAT media which selects for cells expressing the desired antibody by killing off other cell types.
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Hybridoma technology
Hybridoma technology allows for the production of monoclonal antibodies. It involves fusing antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to create a hybridoma cell that is immortal and produces antibodies targeted against a specific antigen. Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein discovered this technique in 1975 and were later awarded the Nobel Prize for their work. Hybridoma cells are cloned to generate identical daughter cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies, which have various diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications.
Activation of T and B Cells
1. The document presents information about T cells and B cells, including their development, activation, and functions.
2. T cells develop in the thymus gland and have roles in direct killing of infected cells and regulating the immune response. B cells mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies to help fight pathogens.
3. Activation of both T and B cells involves interaction with antigen-presenting cells and costimulatory signals, leading to cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory cells.
B cell immunity
Immunity refers to the capability of the body to resist organisms and toxins that can damage tissues and organs. There are two types of immunity: innate immunity, which includes the skin, gastric acids, and immune cells; and acquired immunity, also called adaptive immunity, where the body produces antibodies and activated immune cells in response to specific pathogens. Acquired immunity involves lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and bone marrow and are stored in lymphoid tissues.
Cells of the immune system
The cells of the immune system can be categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages. These are all types of white blood cells. The major proteins of the immune system are predominantly signaling proteins (often called cytokines), antibodies, and complement proteins.
AS Level AQA unit 1: Topic 6 Immunity
This document summarizes key concepts about immunity and the immune system. It discusses the types of pathogens that can infect the body, how pathogens enter and cause disease, and the body's physical and immune responses. It describes phagocytosis, lymphocytes, and the specific immune responses of T cells and B cells. It also covers antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, antigen and antibody detection tests, vaccines, and antigenic variation.
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity mediated by antibodies, which are secreted by B lymphocytes.
B lymphocytes secrete the antibodies into the blood and lymph
Describe Defence Mechanisms - Humans
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes,
immunoglobulins, primary and secondary immunological
response, antigen presenting cells, interleukins, cell surface
receptors MHC proteins, cytokines, antibody classification
Specific immunity
The document summarizes the key aspects of specific or acquired immunity:
1. There are two main types of acquired immunity - natural and artificial. Natural immunity develops after exposure to pathogens while artificial immunity involves vaccination.
2. Both natural and artificial immunity can be active, involving the production of antibodies, or passive, involving the transfer of existing antibodies. Active immunity is usually longer-lasting while passive immunity is temporary.
3. Acquired immunity involves both humoral immunity mediated by antibodies from B cells and cell-mediated immunity carried out by T cells that target infected cells. Together these adaptive immune responses provide specific protection against pathogens.
Recommended
Hybridoma technology
Hybridoma technology allows for the production of monoclonal antibodies. It involves fusing antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to create a hybridoma cell that is immortal and produces antibodies targeted against a specific antigen. Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein discovered this technique in 1975 and were later awarded the Nobel Prize for their work. Hybridoma cells are cloned to generate identical daughter cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies, which have various diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications.
Activation of T and B Cells
1. The document presents information about T cells and B cells, including their development, activation, and functions.
2. T cells develop in the thymus gland and have roles in direct killing of infected cells and regulating the immune response. B cells mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies to help fight pathogens.
3. Activation of both T and B cells involves interaction with antigen-presenting cells and costimulatory signals, leading to cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory cells.
B cell immunity
Immunity refers to the capability of the body to resist organisms and toxins that can damage tissues and organs. There are two types of immunity: innate immunity, which includes the skin, gastric acids, and immune cells; and acquired immunity, also called adaptive immunity, where the body produces antibodies and activated immune cells in response to specific pathogens. Acquired immunity involves lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and bone marrow and are stored in lymphoid tissues.
Cells of the immune system
The cells of the immune system can be categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages. These are all types of white blood cells. The major proteins of the immune system are predominantly signaling proteins (often called cytokines), antibodies, and complement proteins.
AS Level AQA unit 1: Topic 6 Immunity
This document summarizes key concepts about immunity and the immune system. It discusses the types of pathogens that can infect the body, how pathogens enter and cause disease, and the body's physical and immune responses. It describes phagocytosis, lymphocytes, and the specific immune responses of T cells and B cells. It also covers antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, antigen and antibody detection tests, vaccines, and antigenic variation.
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity mediated by antibodies, which are secreted by B lymphocytes.
B lymphocytes secrete the antibodies into the blood and lymph
Describe Defence Mechanisms - Humans
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes,
immunoglobulins, primary and secondary immunological
response, antigen presenting cells, interleukins, cell surface
receptors MHC proteins, cytokines, antibody classification
Specific immunity
The document summarizes the key aspects of specific or acquired immunity:
1. There are two main types of acquired immunity - natural and artificial. Natural immunity develops after exposure to pathogens while artificial immunity involves vaccination.
2. Both natural and artificial immunity can be active, involving the production of antibodies, or passive, involving the transfer of existing antibodies. Active immunity is usually longer-lasting while passive immunity is temporary.
3. Acquired immunity involves both humoral immunity mediated by antibodies from B cells and cell-mediated immunity carried out by T cells that target infected cells. Together these adaptive immune responses provide specific protection against pathogens.
Monoclonal antibody production
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by one type of immune cell that are clones of a single parent cell. They are produced using hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody producing B cells from an immunized animal with myeloma tumor cells to create a hybridoma cell line. This hybridoma cell line is capable of indefinite division in culture while producing the same monoclonal antibody. The monoclonal antibodies are then purified from the culture supernatant and have various diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as cancer treatment.
Procedure of hybridoma technology
The procedure of hybridoma technology involves extracting lymphocytes from an immunized animal's spleen, mixing them with myeloma cells that do not produce their own antibodies, and culturing the hybrid cells in a selective HAT medium. This allows the hybrid cells that produce the desired antibodies to survive indefinitely for isolation and culture, enabling a continuous production of monoclonal antibodies from the cloned hybridoma cells.
Clonal selection theory
The clonal selection theory proposes that lymphocytes recognize and respond to antigens. When B cells encounter an antigen, they clone into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. Memory B cells are also formed that respond faster upon reexposure. The theory helped explain tolerance and laid the foundation for understanding transplantation. It has supported network theories of how immune cells regulate each other via interactions.
Saurabh verma
This document discusses monoclonal antibody production and applications. It begins by defining monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, noting that monoclonal antibodies are identical because they are derived from a single parent cell. It then covers the history of monoclonal antibody development, the monoclonal antibody production method involving mouse immunization and cell fusion, and the types and uses of monoclonal antibodies including diagnostic and cancer treatment applications. Potential side effects of monoclonal antibody therapy are also mentioned.
Cells of the immune system
Stem cells can develop into red blood cells, lymphocytes, or myeloid cells. Lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and null cells such as natural killer cells. T cells regulate cell-mediated immunity while B cells produce antibodies. Myeloid cells include granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, which defend against pathogens. Monocytes develop into macrophages and dendritic cells, which process and present antigens to lymphocytes. Together, these immune cells protect the body through innate and adaptive immune responses.
Humoral immune response
The document summarizes the humoral immune response. It involves B cells producing antibodies that destroy extracellular microorganisms and prevent spread of intracellular infections. The process begins when a bacterium is phagocytosed by an antigen presenting cell. The antigen is processed and displayed on the cell surface. This activates helper T cells, which trigger B cell activation and antibody production. The antibodies then bind to antigens on microorganisms, marking them for destruction by immune cells and complement proteins.
11.1 antibody production and vaccination
The immune system responds to pathogens through both innate and adaptive immunity; B lymphocytes produce antibodies that help destroy pathogens, and memory B cells trigger a rapid response upon secondary exposure. Vaccines expose the immune system to antigens to stimulate antibody production and memory cell formation without causing disease. Monoclonal antibodies produced from hybridoma cells provide a pure form of antibodies useful for diagnostic tests and targeted therapies.
Humoral immune response
This document provides an overview of the immune response and immune system. It describes the mechanisms of innate immunity including anatomical, physiological, cellular, and inflammatory barriers that provide non-specific protection. Adaptive immunity is induced when innate immunity fails, and has antigen specificity and immunological memory. B and T lymphocytes mediate humoral and cell-mediated immunity respectively. The process of phagocytosis and antibody production are explained. Primary and secondary immune responses differ in lag period, magnitude, and antibody class. Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate to eliminate pathogens.
Antigen Presenting cells(APCs)
Antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells play a key role in activating T cells during an immune response. They process foreign antigens, display antigen fragments on MHC molecules, and present these to T cells. This initiation of T cell activation requires two signals: 1) antigen recognition by T cell receptors and 2) co-stimulatory signaling between molecules on the antigen presenting cell and T cell. Together, these signals trigger T cells to proliferate and carry out their immune functions in fighting pathogens or cancer cells.
Lecture 5 immunology
Humoral immunity refers to antibody production and related processes like B cell activation, cytokine production, affinity maturation, and memory cell generation. Antibodies secreted by plasma cells constitute the humoral immune response, which follows distinct phases after antigen exposure. B cell activation requires two signals: antigen binding and T cell help. T cells provide the second signal through cell surface molecules and cytokines, triggering B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Isotype switching increases antibody diversity but maintains antigen specificity. It occurs through DNA recombination mediated by cytokines from T helper cells. Affinity maturation enhances antibody affinity through somatic hypermutation and selection of higher affinity B cell clones.
effector mechanism of humoral immunity
The document summarizes the effector mechanisms of humoral immunity, including antibody-mediated opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It describes the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation and the membrane attack complex. It also discusses regulation of complement activation on host cells, transport of IgA, passive immunity in newborns, and evasion of humoral immunity by microbes.
Immune system-overviewdoc3188-1
The immune system protects the body from infection and disease. It has both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens using mechanisms like phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity develops over time and provides long-lasting, pathogen-specific protection through antibodies and T cells. The immune system is made up of organs like the bone marrow, thymus, and spleen that contain cells like T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells which work together to recognize and eliminate pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
The document discusses adaptive immunity and the specific immune response. It describes how adaptive immunity provides lifelong protective immunity through antigen-specific responses that are mediated by lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells. Lymphocytes have antigen receptors like the B cell receptor and T cell receptor that provide specificity. The adaptive immune response develops over a person's lifetime through somatic recombination and clonal selection that generates a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes each with a unique receptor.
Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Monoclonal antibodies and stem cell
Dr/ Ahmed Abdellatif
Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy,
- Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
Humoral Immunity
- Naive B cells express IgM and IgD antibodies on their surface that recognize antigens. Upon activation, a single B cell can produce up to 10^12 antibody molecules per day through plasma cell differentiation.
- Repeated antigen exposure leads to affinity maturation through somatic hypermutation in germinal centers, increasing antibody affinity over time. Helper T cells are required for isotype switching and affinity maturation.
- Engagement of complement receptors and toll-like receptors enhances B cell activation and antibody production. Activated B cells also upregulate costimulators to amplify helper T cell responses.
History and overview of immunology
This document provides a history and overview of immunology, covering major discoveries and figures in the field from Edward Jenner in the late 18th century to recent developments in the late 20th century. It describes the innate and adaptive immune systems and cells of the immune system. Major contributors discussed include Jenner, Pasteur, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, Ehrlich, Milstein, Kohler, Tonegawa, and Doherty and Zinkernagel.
Conventional and genomic vaccines
Dr/ Ahmed Abdellatif
Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy,
- Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
Antibodies Productions
Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies in response to antigens. They originate from B cells in the bone marrow then travel to lymph nodes and spleen. Antibodies recognize specific epitopes on antigens through variable binding regions. When a B cell encounters its matching antigen, it proliferates into a clone of plasma cells that secrete large amounts of the corresponding antibody to neutralize the antigen. Some activated B cells also become memory cells to facilitate a faster secondary immune response if the same antigen is detected again.
Cellular immune response
This document summarizes cellular immune response (CMI) mediated by sensitized T cells. It describes how CMI is induced through antigen presentation and T cell receptor binding, leading to T cell proliferation and differentiation. The two main effector mechanisms of CMI are the release of cytokines like interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor, and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Cytokines regulate immune cells and have various metabolic and inflammatory effects. Cytotoxic T cells directly kill target cells like virus-infected cells. Tests to detect CMI include skin tests and lymphocyte transformation assays in vitro. CMI plays an important role in immunity against intracellular pathogens and transplants.
Monoclonal antibody
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). It provides a 3 sentence summary:
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by identical immune cells that are clones of a single parent cell. They are produced through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma that replicates indefinitely. This process allows for the mass production of antibodies that are specific to a single antigen or epitope.
Monoclonal antibodies
Students of medical and allied subjects must be exposed to the concept of monoclonal antibodies for the efficient practice of clinical and laboratory medicine.
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Monoclonal antibody production
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by one type of immune cell that are clones of a single parent cell. They are produced using hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody producing B cells from an immunized animal with myeloma tumor cells to create a hybridoma cell line. This hybridoma cell line is capable of indefinite division in culture while producing the same monoclonal antibody. The monoclonal antibodies are then purified from the culture supernatant and have various diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as cancer treatment.
Procedure of hybridoma technology
The procedure of hybridoma technology involves extracting lymphocytes from an immunized animal's spleen, mixing them with myeloma cells that do not produce their own antibodies, and culturing the hybrid cells in a selective HAT medium. This allows the hybrid cells that produce the desired antibodies to survive indefinitely for isolation and culture, enabling a continuous production of monoclonal antibodies from the cloned hybridoma cells.
Clonal selection theory
The clonal selection theory proposes that lymphocytes recognize and respond to antigens. When B cells encounter an antigen, they clone into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. Memory B cells are also formed that respond faster upon reexposure. The theory helped explain tolerance and laid the foundation for understanding transplantation. It has supported network theories of how immune cells regulate each other via interactions.
Saurabh verma
This document discusses monoclonal antibody production and applications. It begins by defining monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, noting that monoclonal antibodies are identical because they are derived from a single parent cell. It then covers the history of monoclonal antibody development, the monoclonal antibody production method involving mouse immunization and cell fusion, and the types and uses of monoclonal antibodies including diagnostic and cancer treatment applications. Potential side effects of monoclonal antibody therapy are also mentioned.
Cells of the immune system
Stem cells can develop into red blood cells, lymphocytes, or myeloid cells. Lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and null cells such as natural killer cells. T cells regulate cell-mediated immunity while B cells produce antibodies. Myeloid cells include granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, which defend against pathogens. Monocytes develop into macrophages and dendritic cells, which process and present antigens to lymphocytes. Together, these immune cells protect the body through innate and adaptive immune responses.
Humoral immune response
The document summarizes the humoral immune response. It involves B cells producing antibodies that destroy extracellular microorganisms and prevent spread of intracellular infections. The process begins when a bacterium is phagocytosed by an antigen presenting cell. The antigen is processed and displayed on the cell surface. This activates helper T cells, which trigger B cell activation and antibody production. The antibodies then bind to antigens on microorganisms, marking them for destruction by immune cells and complement proteins.
11.1 antibody production and vaccination
The immune system responds to pathogens through both innate and adaptive immunity; B lymphocytes produce antibodies that help destroy pathogens, and memory B cells trigger a rapid response upon secondary exposure. Vaccines expose the immune system to antigens to stimulate antibody production and memory cell formation without causing disease. Monoclonal antibodies produced from hybridoma cells provide a pure form of antibodies useful for diagnostic tests and targeted therapies.
Humoral immune response
This document provides an overview of the immune response and immune system. It describes the mechanisms of innate immunity including anatomical, physiological, cellular, and inflammatory barriers that provide non-specific protection. Adaptive immunity is induced when innate immunity fails, and has antigen specificity and immunological memory. B and T lymphocytes mediate humoral and cell-mediated immunity respectively. The process of phagocytosis and antibody production are explained. Primary and secondary immune responses differ in lag period, magnitude, and antibody class. Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate to eliminate pathogens.
Antigen Presenting cells(APCs)
Antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells play a key role in activating T cells during an immune response. They process foreign antigens, display antigen fragments on MHC molecules, and present these to T cells. This initiation of T cell activation requires two signals: 1) antigen recognition by T cell receptors and 2) co-stimulatory signaling between molecules on the antigen presenting cell and T cell. Together, these signals trigger T cells to proliferate and carry out their immune functions in fighting pathogens or cancer cells.
Lecture 5 immunology
Humoral immunity refers to antibody production and related processes like B cell activation, cytokine production, affinity maturation, and memory cell generation. Antibodies secreted by plasma cells constitute the humoral immune response, which follows distinct phases after antigen exposure. B cell activation requires two signals: antigen binding and T cell help. T cells provide the second signal through cell surface molecules and cytokines, triggering B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Isotype switching increases antibody diversity but maintains antigen specificity. It occurs through DNA recombination mediated by cytokines from T helper cells. Affinity maturation enhances antibody affinity through somatic hypermutation and selection of higher affinity B cell clones.
effector mechanism of humoral immunity
The document summarizes the effector mechanisms of humoral immunity, including antibody-mediated opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It describes the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation and the membrane attack complex. It also discusses regulation of complement activation on host cells, transport of IgA, passive immunity in newborns, and evasion of humoral immunity by microbes.
Immune system-overviewdoc3188-1
The immune system protects the body from infection and disease. It has both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens using mechanisms like phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity develops over time and provides long-lasting, pathogen-specific protection through antibodies and T cells. The immune system is made up of organs like the bone marrow, thymus, and spleen that contain cells like T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells which work together to recognize and eliminate pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
The document discusses adaptive immunity and the specific immune response. It describes how adaptive immunity provides lifelong protective immunity through antigen-specific responses that are mediated by lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells. Lymphocytes have antigen receptors like the B cell receptor and T cell receptor that provide specificity. The adaptive immune response develops over a person's lifetime through somatic recombination and clonal selection that generates a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes each with a unique receptor.
Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Monoclonal antibodies and stem cell
Dr/ Ahmed Abdellatif
Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy,
- Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
Humoral Immunity
- Naive B cells express IgM and IgD antibodies on their surface that recognize antigens. Upon activation, a single B cell can produce up to 10^12 antibody molecules per day through plasma cell differentiation.
- Repeated antigen exposure leads to affinity maturation through somatic hypermutation in germinal centers, increasing antibody affinity over time. Helper T cells are required for isotype switching and affinity maturation.
- Engagement of complement receptors and toll-like receptors enhances B cell activation and antibody production. Activated B cells also upregulate costimulators to amplify helper T cell responses.
History and overview of immunology
This document provides a history and overview of immunology, covering major discoveries and figures in the field from Edward Jenner in the late 18th century to recent developments in the late 20th century. It describes the innate and adaptive immune systems and cells of the immune system. Major contributors discussed include Jenner, Pasteur, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, Ehrlich, Milstein, Kohler, Tonegawa, and Doherty and Zinkernagel.
Conventional and genomic vaccines
Dr/ Ahmed Abdellatif
Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy,
- Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
Antibodies Productions
Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies in response to antigens. They originate from B cells in the bone marrow then travel to lymph nodes and spleen. Antibodies recognize specific epitopes on antigens through variable binding regions. When a B cell encounters its matching antigen, it proliferates into a clone of plasma cells that secrete large amounts of the corresponding antibody to neutralize the antigen. Some activated B cells also become memory cells to facilitate a faster secondary immune response if the same antigen is detected again.
Cellular immune response
This document summarizes cellular immune response (CMI) mediated by sensitized T cells. It describes how CMI is induced through antigen presentation and T cell receptor binding, leading to T cell proliferation and differentiation. The two main effector mechanisms of CMI are the release of cytokines like interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor, and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Cytokines regulate immune cells and have various metabolic and inflammatory effects. Cytotoxic T cells directly kill target cells like virus-infected cells. Tests to detect CMI include skin tests and lymphocyte transformation assays in vitro. CMI plays an important role in immunity against intracellular pathogens and transplants.
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Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...
Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...
Similar to 58361240 production-of-monoclonal-antibo (1)
Monoclonal antibody
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). It provides a 3 sentence summary:
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by identical immune cells that are clones of a single parent cell. They are produced through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma that replicates indefinitely. This process allows for the mass production of antibodies that are specific to a single antigen or epitope.
Monoclonal antibodies
Students of medical and allied subjects must be exposed to the concept of monoclonal antibodies for the efficient practice of clinical and laboratory medicine.
Hybridoma & monoclonal antibody
- Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of B cells or hybridoma. They are produced by fusing B cells from an immunized animal with myeloma cells.
- The hybridoma technique involves immunizing an animal, isolating spleen B cells, fusing them with myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol, and screening clones to identify those that produce the desired antibody.
- Hybridomas are immortal cell lines that can produce large quantities of identical monoclonal antibodies directed against a specific antigen or epitope. This technique allows mass production of antibodies for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic uses.
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are produced through the hybridoma technology developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975. This involves fusing B cells from an immunized animal with myeloma cells to produce hybridomas that secrete a single antibody specific to the target antigen. The antibodies can be screened and a clone selected to mass produce monoclonal antibodies that recognize a single epitope. Monoclonal antibodies have various applications including disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, and immunosuppression for organ transplants. While powerful tools, limitations include potential immunogenicity and high production costs.
hYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY.pptx
Hybridoma technology allows for the production of monoclonal antibodies through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma tumor cells. This results in a hybrid cell that can be cloned to produce many identical daughter cells that secrete the same antibody. Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein discovered this technique in 1975. Monoclonal antibodies are useful for research, medical diagnostics, and treatments as they are specific to a single epitope.
hybridoma in biotechnology.pptx
Hybridoma technology allows for the production of monoclonal antibodies through the fusion of B cells and myeloma cells. Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein discovered this technique in 1975. Mouse spleen cells producing antibodies targeting a specific antigen are fused with myeloma cells. The resulting hybridoma cells can be cloned, grown indefinitely in culture, and produce large quantities of identical monoclonal antibodies directed against a single epitope of the target antigen. Monoclonal antibodies find applications in areas such as disease diagnosis, pregnancy testing, and blood typing.
Monoclonal antibodies
VBC-321 is a monoclonal antibody produced using hybridoma technology. Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single parent cell. To produce monoclonal antibodies, immune spleen cells from an immunized mouse are fused with myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol. The resulting hybridoma cells can be selected in HAT medium, which only allows the growth of cells that have the antibody-producing ability of the spleen cells and immortal growth ability of the myeloma cells. This allows production of identical monoclonal antibodies against a specific antigen from a single parent cell.
MCAB
Monoclonal antibodies are produced from single clones of B cells and recognize a specific antigen. They have advantages over polyclonal antibodies like homogeneity, specificity, and unlimited production. Monoclonal antibodies are created through cell fusion between B cells and myeloma cells to form immortal hybridoma cells that produce the same antibody. They have various medical uses including cancer therapy, diagnostics, and treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Hybridomatechnology 160204054435
Hybridoma technology involves fusing antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to create immortal hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies. Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein developed this technique in 1975 and were awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize. Hybridoma cells are cultured using HAT medium to produce monoclonal antibodies that have various diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications.
Assignment
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells that recognize a specific antigen. They are produced through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma that can produce the antibody indefinitely. Monoclonal antibodies have advantages like homogeneity and specificity since each recognizes the same epitope. They have various applications like cancer treatment and treating rheumatoid arthritis. Some common monoclonal antibodies are Bevacizumab, Rituximab, Abciximab, and Palivizumab which are used to treat conditions like cancer, arthritis, and respiratory infections.
Monoclonal antibodies explanation .pptx
I am a pharmacist. These slides describe biotechnology topic. I hope students get more benefits about it.
adaptive immunity.pdf
This document provides an overview of adaptive immunity, including:
- The cells that participate including T cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells
- The clonal selection theory which explains how lymphocytes proliferate in response to antigens
- The mechanisms of the immune response when exposed to antigens, including activation of B and T cells and development of memory cells
- Methods of acquiring immunity, including actively through natural infection/vaccination or passively through breast milk/placenta
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cell (antibody secreting immune cell) lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one single monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine. When used as medications, non-proprietary drug names end in -mab and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION STRATEGY
1. The production of monoclonal antibodies involves immunizing an animal like mice with an antigen, fusing their spleen cells that produce antibodies with myeloma tumor cells, and selecting the resulting hybridoma cells that continuously produce the desired antibodies.
2. The fused hybridoma cells are selected using HAT medium, which allows their growth while killing off unfused spleen and myeloma cells.
3. Individual hybridoma cells are further isolated by limiting dilution to produce monoclonal antibody-secreting clones from which a specific monoclonal antibody can be produced at large scale for commercial purposes.
Lecture 10 hybridomas and the production of antibodies
This document discusses hybridomas and the production of monoclonal antibodies. It describes how monoclonal antibodies are produced through cell fusion, where antibody-producing B-lymphocytes are fused with myeloma cells to create a hybridoma. This allows for the mass production of antibodies that target a single antigen. The document outlines the key steps of immunization, cell fusion, genetic selection of hybridomas, and clonal selection. It also discusses how mouse antibodies can be "humanized" for therapeutic use in humans to reduce immunogenicity. Major applications of monoclonal antibodies include diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
hybridoma technology.pptx
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CHALLENGING SUBJECT TO TEACH AND UNDERSTAND ......
ITS A VERY INTERESTING TO LEARN ABOUT HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY .. THEIR PRODUCTION AND
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Antibodies drug delivery system
The document discusses how monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing B lymphocytes from immunized mice with myeloma cells, screening the resulting hybridomas for the desired antibody specificity using tests like ELISA, and identifying the hybridomas that produce homogenous and specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the antigen of interest.
hybridomatechnology-biotech pharmacy.pptx
Hybridoma technology is a method for generating monoclonal antibodies. It involves fusing antibody-producing B cells from an immunized animal with myeloma tumor cells to create a hybridoma cell. This hybridoma cell is immortal and divides indefinitely while producing antibodies of a single specificity. The key steps are cell fusion, selection in HAT medium which kills unfused cells, screening by ELISA to identify antibody-producing hybridomas, and culturing the hybridomas to produce monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have wide applications in areas like immunoassays, cancer diagnosis and treatment, infectious disease diagnosis, diagnostic imaging, and immunosuppression.
Monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma technology
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of B cells that recognize a specific epitope. They are produced through the hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma cell line. This allows for the mass production of antibodies that recognize a single epitope. Monoclonal antibodies have various applications including use in biochemical analysis through techniques like ELISA and RIA. They can also be used for diagnostic imaging by labeling them with radioisotopes.
Monoclonal antibodies and their applications
Various diagnostic tools now a days relied on the Hybriodoma technology and monoclonal antibodies,so this presentation will give some basic information about mAb and Hybridoma technology.
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The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
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58361240 production-of-monoclonal-antibo (1)
- 1. Prsented by….. AMIT M. SHIVANKAR MS.C 1ST YEAR ZOOLOGY
- 2. Hybridoma technology Hybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines called hybridomas by fusing an antibody-producing B cell with a myeloma (B cell cancer) cell that is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody chain synthesis
- 3. The production of monoclonal antibodies was invented by Cesar Miltein and Georges J.F. Kohler in 1975. They shared the Nobel Prize of 1984 for Medicine and Physiology with Niels kai Jerne, who made other contributions to immunology. The term hybridoma was coined by Leonard Harzenberg during his sabbatical in cesar milteins 's laboratory in 1976–1977
- 4. PRINCIPLE Antibodies are produced by B lymphocyte,each B lymphocyte being pre programmed to respond to a single antigenic determinant. . When an antigen reacts to the cell surface reactor of B lymphocyte,it proliferates rapidly to yield a population of B cells ,all of which produces antibodies of same specificity,this is called as “clonal selection”.
- 6. Thus a B lymphocyte produces antibodies of only one specificity. In addition , an antibody producing B lymphocyte cells called plasma cell is fully differentiated and does not divide when cultured in vitro,these features are critical to hybridoma technology. B lymphocyte are isolated from spleen of an animal eg mouse wich had been immunized with antigen against which monoclonal antibodies are to be raised. Immunization is achived by injecting the antigen along with the suitable adjuvant either subcutaneously or in peritoneal cavity followed by the booster doses of antigen.
- 7. Steps in production of monoclonal antibodies…… 1. Immunisation 2. Fusion 3. Culture in hat
- 8. Immunisation…………. Spleen cell,lymphocytes suspension is obtained…. Mice are immunised with Ag …
- 10. Fusion……. Lymphocytes are fused with myeloma cells Myeloma cells are malignant lymphocytes……. Cells are fused using PEG(polyethyleneglycol) to promote membrane fusion…………..
- 13. Culture in HAT…………. Hence the myeloma cells would not survive in culture…unless this enzyme is added to the media……….. Myeloma cells are engineered to be deficient in an enzyme…hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HGPRT)….. Only hybrid cells survive……. Spleen are short lived i.e, their life span is 7-10 days,so they die gradually….. HAT kills myeloma cells….. The medium in which the culture is done contains….hypoxanthine,aminopterin,thymidine….
- 14. HAT MEDIA
- 15. Non fused, - HGPRT plasma cells and all non fused B cells die soon……. Hybridoma cells consisting of immortalized plasma cells fused with B cells will survive in the absence of supplemented HGPRT in culture medium…… Fused cells survive ……… The powerful toxins of the media block the metabolic pathway “Denovo pathway”..essential for purine metabolism…in DNA synthesis…… The cells are cultured in HAT medium which is lacking the enzyme HGPRT…
- 16. Screening…………. ELISA RIA WESTERN BLOT
- 17. Thanks you