Biometry involves measuring the curvature of the cornea. Ultrasound in dense cataracts detects retinal detachment. Entropion risk factors include aging. Ectropion is not caused by Bell's palsy. Pterygium is related to UV light exposure and can affect vision. Subconjunctival hemorrhage may indicate trauma. Wet age-related macular disease treatment is intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Congenital glaucoma treatment is always surgical. Primary open-angle glaucoma risks include age and race.

1. 1
1. Biometry is the:
A. Measuring thethicknessof thecornea
B. Measuring thecurvatureof the cornea
C. Measuring intraocular lens power
D. Measuring of intraocular lens thickness
2. The use of ultrasound in densecataractis to detect:
A. Retinal detachment
B. Macular edema
C. Centralretinalvein occlusion
D. Intraocular foreign body
3. All the following arefalseaboutentropion, except:
A. Inward turning of otherwisenormallid margin towardstheglobe
B. Ageis nota riskfactor
C. Is preventable
D. Can notleadto cornealirritation and injury
4. Which oneof the following is nota causeof ectropion?
A. 6th cranial nervepalsy
B. Aging process
C. Congenital ectropion
D. Bell's palsy
5. Which of the following is falseregarding conjunctivaldegeneration?
A. Surgicalremovalof pterygium is very effectivewith low recurrencerate.
B. Pterygium is related to UV light exposure
C. Pterygium can extend to thecornea and affect vision
D. Treatmentof pinguecula may includemild topical steroids
6. What of the following is falseregarding subconjunctivalhemorrhage?
A. Itmay indicate basalskullor orbitalfractureif the posterior extension cannotbe
seen
B. Itmay be a manifestation of intraorbitaltumors
C. Kaposi’s sarcoma can bemisdiagnosed as subconjunctivalhemorrhagein HIV
patients
D. Topical steroids and NSAIDsmay fasten theresolution

2. 2
7. What is the treatment for wet age-related maculardisease?
A. Intravitreousanti-VEGF
B. Focal/gridlaser
C. Panretinalphotocoagulation
D. Pars plana vitrectomy
8. Which of the following is true regarding congenitalglaucoma?
A. Not related to consanguinity
B. Ca ’t presentat birth
C. Treatmentis always surgical
D. Mostly willdevelop hypermetropia
9. All the following are true about primaryopen-angleglaucoma, except:
A. Disc cupping
B. Peripheralvisualfield defects
C. Headache
D. Riskfactorsincludeageandrace
10. All the following are trueregarding acutenarrow-angleglaucoma,except:
A. Red painful eye
B. Nausea and vomiting
C. Disc cupping
D. Seeing haloes around lights
11. Which oneof the following is nota risk factor for open angle glaucoma?
A. Family history
B. Whiterace
C. Thin central cornea thickness
D. Black race
12. All the following arecauses of excessivetearing except:
A. Congenital cataract
B. Congenitalobstruction of thepunctum
C. Congenital obstruction of thenasolacrimalduct
D. Congenitalectropion
E. Congenital glaucoma

3. 3
13. In which type of cataractcan you see the red reflexappearing as peripheral spokes with
dark red background:
A. Suturalcataract
B. Nuclear cataract
C. Cortical cataract
D. Posteriorsubcapsularcataract
14. When a cataractous lens causes glaucoma, it is called:
A. Phacolytic
B. Phacomorphic
C. Phacoantigenic
D. Hypermature
15. Mostcommon benign orbital tumor in children is:
A. Cavernoushemangioma
B. Rhabdomyosarcoma
C. Capillary hemangioma
D. Dermoidcyst
16. Myopia with astigmatism is correctedby:
A. Minus unifocallens
B. Minus varifocallens
C. Minus cylindrical lens
D. Plus cylindricallens
17. In hypermetropia, oneof the following is true:
A. Parallelrays fallon a pointbehind the retina
B. Parallel rays fallon a pointin frontof the retina
C. Parallel rays fallon a pointat the retina
D. Parallelrays fallon a pointat the posterior lens capsule
18. One of the following is falseabout the treatmentof glaucoma?
A. Beta blockers are contraindicatedin asthmapatients.
B. Alpha-2 agonists arenotused for infants.
C. Prostaglandinanalogues decreasethe intraocular pressureby increasing the
trabecular aqueous outflow.
D. Parasthesia is a common sideeffectof acetazolamide

4. 4
19. All the following aresideeffects of acetazolamide, except:
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D. Bronchialasthma
20. Which of the following is falseregarding choroidalmelanoma?
A. Sizeand thickness affecttheprognosis
B. Heart is the mostcommon sitefor metastases
C. Can be diagnosed accurately with ultrasonography
D. Lesions masquerading as melanoma include choroidalnevus, and choroidal
hemangioma
21. One of the following is falseregarding theretina.
A. Consists of ten layers
B. Transparent
C. Strongly attachedto the retinalpigmented epithelium
D. The choroid nourishes the deep, outer layers of the retina
22. One of the following is true regarding aboutthefoveola?
A. Nourished by the choroid
B. Nasalto the optic disc
C. Rich in rods
D. Sensitiveto dim light
23. The vitreous body is strongly attached to all the followings,except:
A. Optic disc
B. Largevessels
C. Fovea
D. Posterior capsuleof the lens

5. 5
24. A 60 year-oldfemalebroughtby her familyto theemergency roomcomplaining of
diplopia, ptosis and her family noticed esotropia during theattack. Whatis the least
relevantmedical history to this case?
A. Weakness after minimal exercise as combing her hair.
B. Weakness is moreat the end of the day
C. She has presbyopia
D. Shesuffersfromdysphagia and speech difficulty.
25. One of the following is falseregarding scleritis;
A. 40-57% of patients havesystem illness
B. Scleromalacia perforans is themost common type
C. The main complaintis boring severepain.
D. Treated with systemic steroids, NSAIDs and immunosuppressivetherapy
26. One of the following is falseregarding episcleritis:
A. Itis interpalpebral
B. Dullaching pain
C. Blanch in responseto 2.5% phenylephrinetopically
D. Mostly idiopathic
27. Which oneof the following is the leastcommonly causeof uveitis:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Ankylosing spondylitis
D. Behçet’s disease
E. Inflammatoryboweldisease
28. Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy occurs dueto damage in which layer of thecornea:
A. Epithelium
B. Endothelium
C. Bowman’s membrane
D. Descemet’s membrane
E. Stroma
29. Which one of the following does notcause sensorydeprivation amblyopia:
A. Accommodativeesotropia
B. Corneal opacity

6. 6
C .Untreated congenitalcataract
D. Untreated traumatic cataractin a 3-year-old girl
30. What is falseaboutorbitalcellulitis:
A. Orbitalcellulitis and periorbital cellulitis patientsareboth sent home with different
antibiotics
B. Occurs dueto extension of theinfection fromthe ethmoid sinus
C. Can be complicated by cavernous sinusthrombosis
D. Is unlikely if eyefindings arenormalexcept for eyelid swelling
31. What is falseaboutthyroid eyedisease:
A. Axial proptosis
B. Stopping smoking can decreasetheprogressionof the disease.
C. Teprotumumab is effectivefor the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy
D. Muscular entrapmentand optic nervedamageareindications for surgery
32. What is the treatmentfor diabetic macular edema:
A. Intravitreous anti-VEGF
B. Focal/grid lases
C. Panretinalphotocoagulation
D. Pars plana vitrectomy
33. Parents broughttheir 3-year old daughter who is complainingfrom new esotropia; what
is the mostimportantthing to do:
A. Head CT scan
B. Slit lamp examination
C. Red reflex
D. Cycloplegic refraction
34. What is characteristic for nuclear cataract:
A. Indexhypermetropia
B. Improved near vision
C. Glare
D. blurry vision
35. All the following arerelated to increased VEGF, except:
A. Retinopathy of prematurity
B. Choroidalvascularmembrane

7. 7
C. Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment
D. Diabeticretinopathy
36. Which is falseregarding aqueous humor circulation?
A. Produced by ciliary processes
B. Outflow mainly throughuveoscleralpathway
C. Aqueous flows fromposterior to anterior chamber through thepupil
D. Outflow mainly throughtrabecular meshwork
37. Which of the following is notone of the extraocular muscles?
A. Superior rectus
B. Sphincter pupillae
C. Superior oblique
D. Inferior oblique
38. All the following aresigns of uveitis, except:
A. Hypopyon
B. Anterior chamber cells
C. Ptosis
D. Keratic precipitates
39. Which of the following is usually associated with unilateralcataract?
A. Trauma
B. Diabetic retinopathy
C. Steroid use
D. Metabolicdiseases
40. Which oneis nota sign of keratoconus?
A. Kayser-Fleicher ring
B. Corneal thinning
C. Blurred or distorted vision
D. Increased sensitivity to brightlight
41. Which of the following is falseregarding chlamydialinfections?
A. Serotypes d-k causetrachoma
B. Trachoma is the mostcommon causeof infectious blindness
C. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a typeof STD
D. Treatmentinvolves topical / systemic azithromycin

8. 8
42. Which layer in the cornea does not regenerate:
A. Epithelium
B. Endothelium
A. Bowman's layer
B. Stroma
43. Pseudophakic bullous keratopathyoccurs due to damage in which layer ofthecornea:
A. Epithelium
B. Endothelium
D. Bowman’s membrane
E. Descemet’s membrane
D. Stroma
44. Which of the following is not an important sign for diagnosing of blow outfracture:
D. Parasthesia on thecheeks
E. Diplopia
D. Subcutaneous emphysema
E. Enophthalmos
45. Which of the following is a sign ofcongenitalcataract:
A. Corneal opacity
B. Leukocoria
C. Buphthalmos
D. Excessivetearing
46. Which muscle is mostly involved in thyroid oculopathy:
A. Inferior rectus
B. Medial rectus
c. Superior rectus
D. Lateral rectus
47. All thefollowing can be the cause for no improvement invision after cataract surgery,
except:
A. Diabetic retinopathy
B. Age related macular degeneration
C. Optic disc cupping
D. Corneal scarring

9. 9
48. Regarding amblyopia, all the following are false, except:
A. Can be only unilateral
B. Patch covering not indicated
C. Occurs dueto abnormalvisualexperience during adulthood
D. Strabismus amblyopia is the commonesttype
49. 30 year-old man develops proptosis on coughing, what is the most likely diagnosis:
A. Orbitalvarices
B. Orbitalpseudotumor
C. Orbital lymphoma
D. Carotid-cavernousfistula
50. Cycloplegic agents can beused in anterior uveitisto:
A. Preventanterior synechiae
B. Preventposterior synechiae
C. Relieve ciliary spasm
D. Lasttwo choices are true
51. All the following are causes formadarosis, except:
A. Topicalprostaglandin analogues
B. Trichotillomania
C. Radiotherapy
D. Myxedema

10. 10
ANSWERS
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. A
23. A
24. C
25. B
26. B
27. B
28. B
29. A
30. A
31. B
32. A
33. C
34. B
35. C
36. B
37. B
38. C
39. A
40. A
41. A
42. B
43. B
44. D
45. B
46. A
47. C
48. D
49. A
50. D
51. A