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Here are two examples of activities to help preschoolers remember what they learn: 1. Role playing and dramatization - Allow children to act out stories, concepts, or skills they have learned. Embodying information through role playing helps cement it in long-term memory. 2. Creating arts and crafts projects - Engage children in arts, crafts, or building projects that represent or reinforce the concepts being taught. For example, making puppets of story characters or building with blocks what was learned in a math lesson. Hands-on creation solidifies abstract ideas.
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Early Childhood
Developmental Task of
Early Childhood
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developing motor skills and interests to
take the initiative in trying new things
• Develop sense of purpose
• Key
• Self-regulation. Must learn self-control
Self-Regulation in Early
Childhood
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thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
What is Self-Regulation?
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thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
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Examples of Practicing Self-
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running inside
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• Do regulation:
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Why is Self-Regulation Important?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX_oy9614HQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX_oy9614HQ
Why is Self-Regulation Important?
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the marshmallow?
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important?
Why is Self-Regulation Important?
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behavior; lower impulsivity
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Where Does Good Self-Regulation
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regulation
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effort
What Influences the Development
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• Nutrition
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As we develop,
External regulation à internal regulation
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• Internal regulation
• Child internalizes rules and can do it
themselves
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A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices
Theories of Learning
This document outlines several major theories of learning in psychology, including:
1) Behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning.
2) Cognitivism, which views learning as connecting symbols mentally.
3) Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of models.
4) Social Constructivism, where knowledge is actively constructed through social and contextualized processes.
5) Multiple Intelligences Theory, which proposes individuals possess different types of intelligences.
6) Brain-Based Learning, which is informed by neuroscience and principles like emotional engagement.
The document compares key aspects of each theory and critiques their implications for classroom practice.
BANDURA SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
This document provides information about Albert Bandura and his social learning theory. It discusses key concepts such as observational learning, intrinsic reinforcement, and the modeling process. Bandura believed that learning occurs through observation of others within a social context and is influenced by cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors through a continuous reciprocal interaction process. Learning takes place via four main steps - attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. An example experiment on this theory involved children observing a video of someone acting violently towards a Bobo doll and then imitating these behaviors themselves.
theories of learning.pptx
This document summarizes several prominent learning theories: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Social Learning Theory, Social Constructivism, Multiple Intelligences Theory, and Brain-Based Learning. For each theory, the document outlines key aspects like underlying principles, major contributors, and examples of how each theory can be applied in classroom instruction. It also notes some common critiques of each theoretical approach.
Albert bandura; Social Learning Theory (psychology topic)
- Albert Bandura was born in 1925 in Alberta, Canada. He became interested in psychology after taking an introductory course in university.
- Bandura is renowned for his social learning theory which emphasizes that people can learn through observation. He conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment which demonstrated children's aggressive behavior can be influenced by adult models.
- Bandura also developed the concept of self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations. He identified mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and psychological responses as sources of self-efficacy.
Child Psychology & Corporal Punishment
This document discusses child psychology and corporal punishment. It begins by defining personality and the factors that influence it, including heredity, environment, and culture. It then discusses objectives of education such as developing law-abiding citizens and improving workforce skills. Next, it defines corporal punishment as physical punishment of children, such as spanking or paddling. It notes that corporal punishment lowers children's self-esteem, interferes with learning, and discourages reasoning. It can also make children feel lonely, sad, and abandoned. The document concludes by suggesting alternative approaches to corporal punishment for motivating mischievous children, such as educating them instead of punishing.
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4share 04 step 4
This document discusses individual differences and motivation. It covers factors that influence individual differences such as genes, environment, gender and life experiences. These differences impact learning in the classroom. Teachers need to employ varied teaching strategies like grouping students homogenously, pairing work, and individual teaching. The document also discusses personality development and theories. Self-esteem is influenced by self-concept and experiences. Motivation is influenced by internal and external factors and can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
4share 02 step 2
The document discusses early childhood development from birth to age 18. It covers the factors that influence development, including nature (genetics) and nurture (environment). Development occurs across four main areas: physical, cognitive/intellectual, emotional, and social. Key theorists like Piaget are mentioned in regards to stages of cognitive development. Preschool-aged children from ages 3-6 are characterized, with examples of typical abilities and behaviors at different ages. Overall principles of growth and development are outlined such as maturation, progression from simple to complex, and variability in individual rates of development.
4share 03 step 3
1. Growth and development involve the progressive increase in size and skills over time. Growth refers to increases in size, while development is the acquisition of abilities.
2. Milestones indicate the typical ages when children gain certain skills, though each child develops at their own pace.
3. Factors like genetics, environment, lifestyle, and experiences influence a child's growth and development. Favorable factors like nutrition, learning opportunities, and emotional support promote development.
4share 01 step 1
Educational psychology applies the principles of psychology to education to help teachers better understand how children learn and develop. It assists teachers in handling student behavior and emotions. Understanding concepts like instincts, drives, needs, and motivation can help teachers structure effective lessons and create a supportive learning environment. Educational psychology also provides insight into growth, development, learning styles, personality differences, evaluation methods, and teaching strategies to optimize the learning process.
4share step5
This document summarizes various theories related to thinking skills and learning styles:
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4share 06 step 6
- 1. STEP 6 Education Psychology Learning Behaviours -Behaviorist - Cognitivist -Humanist - Social theorist Behaviour Modifications - Behaviour problems - Behaviour Management Memory – Forgetting
- 2. Learning Behaviours • Behaviorist Theory – Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Skinner • Cognitive Theory – Kohler, Gagne, Bruner, Ausubel, Piaget • Humanistic Theory – Maslow, Carl Rogers • Social Theory – Bandura
- 3. Behaviourist Theory • Theory of Conditioning – With proper Stimulus we can get right Response
- 4. Cognitive Theory Bruner’s Discovery Learning • takes place in problem solving situations where the learner uses his/her own past experience and existing knowledge to discover facts and relationships. • encourages active engagement • promotes motivation • promotes responsibility, independence • the development of creativity and problem solving skills.
- 5. Humanistic Theory • Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs • Our actions are motivated by our needs.
- 6. Social theory • Bandura – Modeling Theory • Attention – have to pay attention. • Retention – must be able to retain – remember. • Reproduction – have the ability to reproduce the behavior. • Motivation – some reason for learning and imitating. Bobo experiment
- 7. Video – Challenging Behaviour • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eCfnrGu 5xo
- 8. Behaviour Problems • Any concrete action of pupils that is disruptive or disturbing to others; • Hinders the smooth implementation of teaching; • Disturbs other pupils’ learning process.
- 9. Factors Causing Such Behaviours • Parenting behaviours; • Lack of parental emotional support; • Parental lack in control of discipline; • Some may be due disabilities. • Problematic behaviours can be set right via behaviour modification techniques because most behaviours are learned. • If problematic behaviours can be learned, then they can also be unlearned or relearned.
- 10. TYPES OF PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIOUR DISRUPTIVE DESTRUCTIVE OVER-DEPENDENCE The child is uncooperative and prevents himself and other children in class from learning. The child who lacks self control and has low self-esteem consistently exhibits misbehavior such as hitting, biting and destroying things. Child who holds on desperately to others to give them direction and security; not willing to let go.
- 11. Issues in the Classroom • Attention seeking • ‘Showing off’ • Child is bored easily • Classroom environment not challenging enough • Change in situation at home making the child insecure • Arrival of a new sibling • Hyperactivity • ??? • Low self-esteem • No mastery of skills • Lack of social & emotional skills to work / play with others • Resentful • With-drawn and shows insecurity
- 12. Managing Problems How can you manage children who are 1. Disruptive? 2. Destructive? 3. Over dependent? Select two examples and discuss how you will handle the situation and resolve them. 4. How can you provide activities so that preschoolers remember what they learn / what they are taught Suggest two examples.
- 14. Memory – How Our Brain Works • Atkinson & Shiffrin’s Memory Process • All inputs through our senses > short term memory > goes into long term memory to recall later (repeat many times to remember and store properly)
- 15. Forget - Remember How can you provide activities so that preschoolers remember what they learn / what they are taught Suggest two examples.