Autophagy is a process where cells deliver cytoplasmic components and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in development, nutrient deprivation, and aging. Recent evidence suggests autophagy is key to how caloric restriction and mutations in insulin signaling can promote longevity. Autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis and removes damaged organelles, likely contributing to longevity by reducing free radical production over time. It is regulated by the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and other molecular machinery that are highly conserved from yeast to humans.
Molecular mechanisms of Autophagy and its Role in Plant Immunity SystemsMonuj Gogoi
Details of Autophagy Mechanisms and its roles for plant diseases management.
Numbers of papers were selected for the preparation of this presentation. So Thanks to all authors those are published.
Autophagy the housekeeper in every cellfathi neana
Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of a cell’s own components through the lysosomal machinery. It is a tightly regulated process that plays a normal part in cell growth, development, and homeostasis, helping to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products.
It is a major mechanism by which a starving cell reallocates nutrients from unnecessary processes to more-essential processes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cellular self-digestion in which proteins and organelles are degraded through delivery to lysosomes. Defects in this process are implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer.
Molecular mechanisms of Autophagy and its Role in Plant Immunity SystemsMonuj Gogoi
Details of Autophagy Mechanisms and its roles for plant diseases management.
Numbers of papers were selected for the preparation of this presentation. So Thanks to all authors those are published.
Autophagy the housekeeper in every cellfathi neana
Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of a cell’s own components through the lysosomal machinery. It is a tightly regulated process that plays a normal part in cell growth, development, and homeostasis, helping to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products.
It is a major mechanism by which a starving cell reallocates nutrients from unnecessary processes to more-essential processes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cellular self-digestion in which proteins and organelles are degraded through delivery to lysosomes. Defects in this process are implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer.
Presentation made by Dr. Cliff Brangwynne on October 30, 2015 at the Alzforum-hosted live webinar titled "Fluid Business: Could “Liquid” Protein Herald Neurodegeneration?"
More information and the recording of the session available at http://www.alzforum.org/webinars/fluid-business-could-liquid-protein-herald-neurodegeneration
here is some information about autophagy, how it happend, when it happend and it's mechanism.
and some information about it's effect on cancer and some disorders.
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
Marc Dhenain Alzforum Webinar - Dec 7, 2016Alzforum
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This presentation contains basic information about the mouse being used as a model organism, its genome, how the genome of the mouse was sequenced and a comparison between mouse genome and human genome.
Stem cells in regenerative biology and medicinePasteur_Tunis
Présentation réalisée par Shahragim Tajbakhsh durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
This pdf file tries to answer the question as to why model organisms are used is research. By definition, Model organisms are a group of species of organisms that have been studied extensively, largely because they are easy to maintain under controlled laboratory conditions. The reason for them being studied is usually because they possess a number of experimental advantages.
Presentation made by Dr. Cliff Brangwynne on October 30, 2015 at the Alzforum-hosted live webinar titled "Fluid Business: Could “Liquid” Protein Herald Neurodegeneration?"
More information and the recording of the session available at http://www.alzforum.org/webinars/fluid-business-could-liquid-protein-herald-neurodegeneration
here is some information about autophagy, how it happend, when it happend and it's mechanism.
and some information about it's effect on cancer and some disorders.
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
Marc Dhenain Alzforum Webinar - Dec 7, 2016Alzforum
Presentation made at the Alzforum's live webinar of December 5, 2016, titled "Is Alzheimer’s Disease a Uniquely Human Disorder?" - review additional information and recording at www.alzforum.org/
This presentation contains basic information about the mouse being used as a model organism, its genome, how the genome of the mouse was sequenced and a comparison between mouse genome and human genome.
Stem cells in regenerative biology and medicinePasteur_Tunis
Présentation réalisée par Shahragim Tajbakhsh durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
This pdf file tries to answer the question as to why model organisms are used is research. By definition, Model organisms are a group of species of organisms that have been studied extensively, largely because they are easy to maintain under controlled laboratory conditions. The reason for them being studied is usually because they possess a number of experimental advantages.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.MoayedAlkhliefat
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment.
Presentation: Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Tropical SoilsNicole Rivera
The purpose of this experiment is to encounter bacteria from tropical soils that have the capability of producing antibiotic. In order to do so, it was necessary to isolate the bacteria, purify it five times and freeze it at a temperature of -80˚C. After purification, gram staining was performed to classify the bacteria as gram positive or negative. The bacteria were characterized by doing purification of genomic DNA and then, a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with the primers 16sRNA, 16S_1510R and 16S_8F. An electrophoresis was conducted to see if the PCR process went well. The PCR product was purified and analyzed by using Bioinformatics. Finally, both bacteria’s S15UPRCRISENRE30M01 and S15UPRCRISEAFD30M01A had positive results as antibiotic producers for M.luteus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Longevity
During autophagy-literally "self-eating"-cells deliver cytoplasmic constituents, including
whole organelles, to the lysosome for degradation.
By Jill Adams(juadams@the-scientist.com) | May 9, 2005
Courtesy Edward T.W. Bampton, Gerry Smith, Alena Pance
During autophagy-literally "self-eating"-cells deliver
cytoplasmic constituents, including whole organelles, to the
lysosome for degradation. This crucial recycling process kicks
in during gross developmental changes and times of nutrient
deprivation. New work may place it within cellular aging
pathways as well.
Characterized morphologically by Christian de Duve in the
1960s, autophagy was a natural extension of his Nobel Prize-winning
work on lysosomes. Veteran researchers in a once
obscure field point to the discovery of the molecular machinery
a decade ago-autophagy gene products that drive the process-as
a boost to their own work. More recently, the linkage of one
of these genes with tumorigenesis placed autophagy under a
new spotlight and is credited with widening the investigative
pool. Now scientists are finding evidence-both circumstantial
and causal-that autophagy is a key mechanism in how certain
manipulations, namely mutations in insulin signaling and
caloric restriction, promote longevity.
Autophagy often gets overlooked as "just housekeeping,"
says Beth Levine, professor of internal medicine at the
University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. In
fact, she says, failures in keeping house likely contribute to
diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. In addition,
autophagy wanes with age for reasons that aren't yet clear,
says Levine, and is "mechanistically important" in aging itself.
FROM FEAST TO FAMINE
When food is scarce, autophagy gets turned on as a survival mechanism. When food is moderately
restricted for a long time, organisms from worms to mammals live longer. Ettore Bergamini, professor of
pathology at the University of Pisa, Italy, provides some evidence that increased autophagy may
accompany calorie-restricted life extension. In rats subject to caloric restriction, autophagic efficiency is
maintained in old age and rats live longer.1
"The problem of aging is free radical production and imperfection of the cell-repair mechanisms," says
Bergamini. Perhaps more general contractor than housekeeper, autophagy is a "second-line defense"
against the maintenance challenges of cells. "One hundred million free radicals are generated per day in
our body," he says. "Ten thousand DNA lesions per day per cell are produced." Defects that slip past the
front-line defenses-DNA repair systems and proteosomal degradation-are refurbished, and damaged
organelles are removed.
Also, if autophagy falls off in age, then the detritus of cell metabolism accumulate more readily. By
degrading damaged organelles that generate reactive oxygen species, autophagy fits nicely into the
mitochondrial theory of aging. The capacity of autophagy to catabolize whole organelles, and mitochondria
in particular, may be its strongest selling point in terms of being an antiaging mechanism.
Mitochondria are a frequent target of autophagy, says John Lemasters, professor of cell and
developmental biology at the University of North Carolina. "They will sort of wear out," he says. "In
nonproliferating tissues like brain, heart, and liver, the mitochondria turn over every 10 to 25 days." This
rate is accelerated by nutrient deprivation and glucagon, both stimulants of autophagy.
Lemasters studies specific changes in damaged mitochondria that may invite their degradation.
"Autophagy becomes a mechanism to remove the ones that ought to be eliminated," he says. Damaged
mitochondria might generate even more free radicals to "do mischief," which can be especially
treacherous in nondividing tissues like heart and brain "where age-dependent effects really manifest
themselves quite strongly." Age-related diseases of these tissues-cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration-have
been implicated as disorders of autophagy.
4. Other pathways have certainly been implicated in the lifespan extension induced by calorie restriction.
Fasting upregulates expression of sir-2 in yeast and worms, and SIRT-2 in mice, and the resulting proteins
may help mobilize glucose for use in the cell.7 At present, no one has tried to link autophagy to the sir-2
pathway, although Levine admits that she's pondered the notion.
Aging is ill defined and certainly multifactorial. The appeal of autophagy to ameliorate normal aging is its
capacity as a jack-of-all-trades repair mechanism in the cell. "I believe that the induction of autophagy in
caloric restriction-or loss-of-function mutation in insulin signaling-leads to increased degradation of
damaged mitochondria and reduction of oxidative stress," says Levine. "And that's probably a downstream
pathway that's in common to all these life extension phenotypes."
Courtesy Dan Klionsky
In yeast, the Tor kinase exerts a negative regulatory effect on autophagy when cells are growing under
nutrient-rich conditions. Most of the proteins required for autophagy are constitutively expressed. When
starvation occurs, the Tor kinase is inactivated allowing other downstream effectors, most likely
phosphatases and kinases, to modulate such proteins as Atg13 which in turn modulates the key kinase
Atg1, required for autophagy.
Autophagy has not been a target in aging research for long. And while Klionsky appreciates the attention
autophagy is receiving now, he doesn't discount the value of working "in the shadows" before. As one of
only a few labs working in yeast, he recounts, "We were going along, making a lot of progress, getting the
genes identified." Then Levine's 1999 paper came out implicating autophagy in tumor suppression.8 The
response was a flurry of work that Klionsky jokingly compares to party crashers eating all the food and
leaving a mess. "Since then, people have solidified the cancer connection," he says. At present, autophagy
is implicated in controlling neurodegeneration, myopathy, pathogen invasion, and lifespan. Klionsky adds,
"Now you're seeing papers coming out in Science, Nature, and Cell."