This document describes a patent for covers for motor vehicles. Specifically, it details covers that are tailored to fit the shape of the vehicle. The covers have an opening with fastening means, such that when fastened the cover fits snugly over the entire vehicle and cannot be removed without unfastening. Examples are provided for covers tailored to fit a motorcycle and a motor car. The covers are designed to protect vehicles parked outdoors from deterioration in a way that is easier to use than loose covers that must be tied or weighted down.
Inventors and entrepreneurs have vocations fueled by passion. Many would have done it for free or as a hobby if it hadn’t become a profession. Mark Rosenzweig is a natural creator, driven by his passion. This fuel has led Mark to develop his ideas into viable products and innovations that he has been patenting since 2003. From an innovative filter sensor and indicator for vacuum cleaners to a basket for deep fryer and methods of cooking food products to a compact cyclonic bagless vacuum cleaner. Sometimes independently and often as part of creative teams, Mark has patented just under one hundred innovative inventions between 2003 and 2017.
Inventors and entrepreneurs have vocations fueled by passion. Many would have done it for free or as a hobby if it hadn’t become a profession. Mark Rosenzweig is a natural creator, driven by his passion. This fuel has led Mark to develop his ideas into viable products and innovations that he has been patenting since 2003. From an innovative filter sensor and indicator for vacuum cleaners to a basket for deep fryer and methods of cooking food products to a compact cyclonic bagless vacuum cleaner. Sometimes independently and often as part of creative teams, Mark has patented just under one hundred innovative inventions between 2003 and 2017.
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1. * GB785038 (A)
Description: GB785038 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Phosphated metallisable azo dyestuffs
Description of GB785038 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785038 Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 8, 1955.
Application Date: Sept 10, 1954.
No 26267/54.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), P 2 G 2 C( 1: 6: 10: 11), P 2 G 5
A, P 2 H( 9: 11: X), P( 3 D: 9 A 3 81).
International Classification:-C 09 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Phosphated Metallisable Azo Dyestuffs We, IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
LIMITED, of Imperial Chemical House, Millbank, London, S W 1, a
British Company, and ALEXANDER ROBERTUS TODD, of the University
Chemical Laboratory, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, and ROBERT RONALD
DAVIES, of Hexagon House, Blackley, Manchester, both British Subjects,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to metallisable azo dyestuffs and more
particularly it relates to phosphated metallisable azo dyestuffs
derived from heterocyclic compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
It has been proposed and claimed in British Specification No 761,776
to manufacture new metallisable azo dyestuffs by sulphating azo
2. compounds containing at least once a group of the formula:N NON
wherein X is hydrogen or chlorine and the nitrogen atom in the ortho
position to tie -OH group is part of a heterocyclic ring.
We have now found that valuable metallisable azo dyestuffs may be
obtained by phosphating azo compounds containing the said group where
X stands for a hydrogen atom.
Thus, according to the invention we provide new phosphated
metallisable azo dyestuffs of the formula:0 O o 140/1, 11 P -0
NN-Ar-Y-Ar-N 0-P N N wherein the nitrogen atoms in the ortho positions
to the phosphoric acid ester groups are part of heterocyclic rings, Y
stands for a direct link or for a bridging group and Ar stands for the
residue of a phenylene or substituted phenylene radical.
As examples of suitable bridging groups represented by Y there may be
mentioned -N=N-, -CONH-, -NH and -NH CO NH-, and as an example of a
suitable substituted arylene radical represented by Ar there may be
mentioned methoxyphenylene.
According to a further feature of the invention we provide a process
for the manufacture of the said new azo dyestuffs which comprises
phosphating azo compounds of the formula: N=N-Ar-Y-Ar-N N H 011 N
wherein the nitrogen atoms in the ortho positions to the hydroxyl
groups are part of heterocyclic rings, and Y and Ar have the meanings
stated above.
The azo compounds for use in the said process are obtainable for
example by coupling a tetrazotised primary aromatic diamine, with a
coupling component containing the stated group Such coupling
components include for example 8-hydroxyquinoline, 4hydroxyacridine,
4-hydroxybenzthiazole and substituted 4-hydroxybenzthiazoles.
As primary aromatic diamines which may be tetrazotised and coupled
with the coupling components there may be mentionedfor example
benzidine, dianisidine, 4:41-diaminoazobenzene,
4:41-diaminobenzanilide, 31:4 diamino 3: 41-dimethoxybenzanilide, 4:41
diaminodiphenylamine and 4: 41-diaminodiphenylurea The tetrazotisation
of the primary aromatic amine and the coupling of it with the
appropriate coupling component may be carried out according to known
pro2 785,038 cedures The azo compounds may also be obtained by
processes comprising the linking together of azo dyestuffs with one
another.
The phosphation of the said azo comnpounds is brought about by
treatment of the azo compounds with phosphating agents The phosphating
agent which is particularly suitable for this purpose is phosphorus
pentoxide in combination with a tertiary amine, for example pyridine
or triethylamine, with or without the presence of a solvent for
example ethylene dichloride.
The new dyestuffs of the invention are more readily soluble in water
3. than the corresponding sulphated derivatives, and are particularly
useful for the dyeing of cellulosic fibres and fabrics and other
fibres and fabrics for example those made from or containing nylon and
other polyamide and polyester fibres and/or from cellulose acetate, by
the known after-coppering process.
The said PO 3 H 2 group is removed in the process of after-coppering
with the result that the coppered dyestuff is fixed firmly in the
fibre as an insoluble substance The aftercoppered dyeings possess a
high degree of fastness to washing, without the use of dyefixing
agents, and to light, in the same way as those derived from the
corresponding sulphated dyestuffs described in British Specification
No 761,776.
The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following Examples
in which the parts are by weight.
EXAMPLE 1.
2 parts of the compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion
of tetrazotised 4: 4 '-diamino 3: 3-dimethoxydiphenyl with two
molecular proportions of 8-hydroxyquinoline are suspended in 5 parts
of pyridine 3 5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide are added and the
mixture is heated to 110 for 1 hour The mixture is then poured into a
mixture of 75 parts of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate solution and 100
parts of water.
The mixture is filtered at 90 C and the filtrate is salted to 20 % w/v
with common salt.
The precipitate is filtered off at 20 C, pasted with 0 1 part of
dextrin and dried The product is completely soluble in water to give
an orange-brown solution which dyes cellulosic fibres by the normal
acidic after-coppering process in rubine shades of excellent wash
fastness and good light fastness.
EXAMPLE 2.
2 parts of the compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion
of 4:4diamino-1: 1-azobenzene with two molecular proportions of
8-hydroxyquinoline are mixed with 5 parts of pyridine and phosphated
in the manner described in Example 1 The phosphated product is
isolated in the manner described in Example 1 The resulting dyestuff,
when applied to cellulosic fibres by the acidic after-coppering
process, gives violet shades of excellent fastness to washing and of
good light fastness.
EXAMPLE 3.
Proceeding in a manner similar to that described in Example 2 the
compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion of tetrazotised
3: 3-diaminobenzanilide with two molecular proportions of
8-hydroxyquinoline is phosphated to give a dyestuff which dyes
cellulosic fibres by the acidic after-coppering process to give
4. yellowishorange shades of excellent wash fastness and good light
fastness.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785039 (A)
Description: GB785039 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to covers for motor vehicles
Description of GB785039 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,039 Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 22, 1955.
Application Date: Sept 24, 1954.
No 27673/54.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 103 ( 2), C 1; and 136 ( 1), J 14.
International Classification:-B 62 d, j.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Covers for Motor Vehicles I, HUMPHREY
JOHN VELLACOTT, a British Subject, of London, Road, West Thurrock,
Essex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent
may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performned,
to be particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The present invention relates to covers for motor vehicles.
In recent years the shortage of garage space has caused many owners to
park their vehicles inm the open, overnight or for longer periods.
This is detrimental to the vehicles and has led to the use of covers
of various types being employed in an attempt to protect the vehicles
from deterioration.
The covers generally employed are not entirely satisfactory since
5. they,are not fitted to the vehicle and have to be attached by tying or
are weighted to keep them in position Also, the covers ait present in
use are usually unwieldy, and in the case of motor car covers are
difficult to pack away when not in use.
It is an object of the present invention to provide vehicle covers
which overcome these disadvantages by being made to fit the vehicle
and not requiring any attaching means.
According to the invention there is provided a vehicle cover
comprising sheet material tailored to the shape of the vehicle an
opening in said 'cover provided with fastening means such that when
the fasteninmg means are in the dclosed position the cover iftrs
snugly over said vehicle with the edges of the cover so positioned
that the cover cannot be removed from the vehicle.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and easily
carried into effect two preferred embodimnents thereof will now be
described with reference to the:accompanying drawings wherein, Fig 1
is an elevation of a vehicle cover fitted to'a motor cycle, Fig 2 is
an end view of the cover of Fig 1, Fig 3 is an elevation of a vehicle
'cover fitted to a motor car, Fig 4 is an end view of the cover of
'Fig 3, Fig 5 is a perspective view of a' pare of the cover of Fig 3,
and Fig 6 is a plan view of the cover of Fig 3 ready for rolling.
Referring to Figs 1 and 2 of the drawings, 1 denotes a cover which is
tailored to fit snugly over a motor cycle 2 in such manner that
sub:stantially the whole of the cycle is covered At one end the cover
is formed with a slit which is adapted to 'be closed by a sliding
clasp fastener 3 the arrangement 'being such as to permit he cover 1
to be easily and quickly fitted and removed.
Since the cover 1 fits snugly around the motor cycle 2 there is a
minimum,of excess material and hence the 'cover will not belly in
windy conditions This results in greatly reduced wear, as compared
with the nontailored covers currently used.
When the cover 1 is positioned on the cycle 2 the lower edges 4
thereof are 'below the centre of the wheels of the cycle and may
enclose substantially the whole of the wheels.
This is attained by forming the tends of the cover 1 to correspond to
the curve of the peripheries of the wheels or mudguards of the cycle 2
The sliding clasp fastener 3 is disposed on the front end of the cover
1 and allows the cover to be drawn onto the cycle from the rear end to
the front Eyelet holes are provided in the cover to permit the bolt of
a padlock 6 to be passed therethrough for security.
It will be seen that when positioned on the cycle 2 and the clasp
fastener 3 closed, the cover 1 cannot be removed and with the padlock
'6 fitted, forms a strong deterrent to tampering or theft.
The sliding,clasp fastener 3, may of course, be fitted to either or
6. both ends or other suitaible part of the cover.
In Figs 3 and 4 there is shown a cover applied to a motor car 11 The
cover 10 comprises a substantially rectangular sheet 12 and two side
panels 13 of a shape corresponding to he profile of the 'car 11 The
side panels '13 are lattached to the long sides of the 2 785,039
rectangular sheet 12 for a part of their length, generally the part
corresponding to the roof of the vehicle The remaining parts of the
long sides of the rectangular sheet 12 each have one half of a sliding
clasp fastener 14 thereon The other halves of the sliding clasp
fasteners 14 are carried by the corresponding edges of the side panels
13 Thus, when the clasp fasteners 14 are closed, the cover assumes the
form of the motor vehicle it is intended to protect The rectangular
sheet may be varied in shape if required to make the cover fit more
accurately The ends of the side panels are so shaped that when the
slide fasteners are closed the ends of the rectangular sheet are drawn
under the end portions of the car.
This prevents the cover from being removed until the fasteners have
been opened.
In order to facilitate ease of handling the rectangular sheet 12 has a
batten 15 attached to each of its ends (Fig 5) Straps 16 fare provided
on or adjacent the battens 1 '5 for retaining,the cover 10 in position
on the vehicle, the straps passing through slots 21 in the cover and
embracing the bumper on its mounting.
The straps hold the battens against the underside of the bumpers and
maintain the rectangular sheet in a manner preventing bellying.
When the sliding clasp fasteners 14 are closed the ends of the lower
edges of the side panels 13 are drawn towards the ends of the vehicle
and thus held against movement.
To remove the cover from the motor car the sliding clasp fasteners 14
are opened and the side panels 13 fdlded over on the rectangular sheet
12 (Fig 16) The straps 16 holding the batten 15 at one end are
released and the cover rolled on the batten 15 into:a compact roll
which can be secured by means of loose straps passed round the rolled
cover and the bumper to which the other batten 15 is attached The
cover is thus conveniently and neatly retained on the vehicle and is
ready for immediate use If desired the cover may be removed, from the
vehicle by releasing the traps 16 of both battens 15.
The cover is provided with eyelet holes 17 adjacent the ends of the
slide fasteners 14 through which the bolts of padlocks are passed to
prevent unauthorised removal of the covers Alternatively the slide
fastener may be provided with its own locking means.
Flaps 18 may be provided on the covers to protect the slide fasteners
3 and 14 Such flaps may for instance be permanently attached to the
cover adjacent one half of a slide fastener and in addition may be
7. provided with press stud members 19 adapted to engage corresponding
press stud memibrs 20 positioned adjacent the other half of the slide
fastener.
In place of the loose straps previously mentioned the rolled cover may
be secured to the car by means of spring chains each comprising a
predetermined length of chain having at least one tension spring
incorporated therein and hook or the like means at each end The spring
chain is passed round the rolled cover and engages a part of the car
such as a bumper mounting with its hooked ends.
The cover may be provided with reinforc 70 ing at any places which may
be subjected to excessive rubbing, for instance the parts of a cover
which correspond to the ends of the handle bars of a motor cycle.
A particularly suitable material for the 75 covers is unbleached linen
treated on the outer surface with powdered aluminium and on the innmer
surface coated with neoprene.
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* GB785040 (A)
Description: GB785040 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Process for the production of chromous chloride solutions
Description of GB785040 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
8. PATENT SPECIFICATION
785040 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Sept
28, 1954.
A No 27962/54.
Application made in Germany on Oct 5, 1953.
Application made in Germany on Jan 7, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 10: Gl OD 10).
International Classification: -C Oig.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for the Production of Chromous Chloride Solutions We,
RUHRCHEMIE Aic TIENGESELLSCHAFT, a German Company, of
Oberhausen-Holten, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: -
The invention relates to a process for the production of a solution of
chromous chloride substantially free from the chromic salt.
It is known that chromous chloride solutions containing a
predominating amount of chromous salt are obtained from the purest,
electrolytically produced chromium by dissolving the chromium in
hydrochloric acid with the exclusion of air (see Abegg " Handbuch der
anorganischen Chemie ", Vol IV, 1921, page 54, Koppel) Under certain
conditions, chromous salt-rich solutions which are never free from the
chromic salt are obtained in a similar manner from aluminothermically
produced chromium If these working conditions are not observed, then
the action of hydrohalic acids upon aluminothermically produced
chromium metal always results in much chromic salt in addition to
chromous salt Solutions prepared at normal temperature contain
preponderantly or exclusively trivalent chromium whilst much more
divalent chromium is formed at elevated temperature However, according
to Remy "Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie", 1932, Vol II, page 85,
chromous ions are very readily converted into chromic ions while
taking up a further positive charge This reaction also takes place in
the absence of atmospheric oxygen if hydrogen ions are present In this
reaction, the following equilibrium is established Cr -+ Cr -+AH,.
According to earlier workers (Doering "Journal fuer praktische Chemie
", Vol 66, 1902, page 97), the silicic acid (silica) which is always
present in aluminothermically produced chromium is considered to be a
catalyst for the decomposition of the chromous chloride with the
consequent evolution of hydrogen.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process for the
pioduction of a stable lPrice 3 s 6 d l chromous chloride solution
9. which is practically 50 free from chromic salt, from
aluminothermically produced chromium.
According to the invention, a process for the production of a solution
of chromous chloride comprises dissolving, in the absence 55 of
oxygen, chromium obtained by an aluminothermic method in a quantity of
hydrochloric acid which is less than the quantity theoretically
required, and separating the solution from the undissolved residue,
the dissolution of the 60 chromium and the separation of the solution
from the residue being effected at a temperature and at a rate which
are sufficiently high to avoid the production of turbidity and of a
greenish hue in the final solution 65 The dissolution of the chromium
is advantageously effected at a temperature in the range -100 C and
preferably at a temperature in the range 60 -90 C Thus both the metal
and the hydrochloric acid may be pre 70 heated to the reaction
temperature, for example, 600 C, before they are contacted with each
other The temperature of the reaction may be maintained at the desired
level by surrounding the reaction vessel by a water 75 bath held at an
appropriate temperature The dissolution of the chromium is preferably
effected within 45 minutes.
Separation of the solution from the excess metal and the undissolved
impurities by filtra 80 tion must be effected quickly This separation
is preferably carried out in the absence of oxygen and at a
temperature not lower than C, for example, by means of a hot water
funnel 85 Oxygen may be excluded by operating in an atmosphere of an
inert gas, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere, or to protect the
liquid from the access of atmospheric oxygen by covering it with a
layer of liquid which is free 90 from oxygen-containing compounds, for
example, a hydrocarbon, preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
When such a liquid, protective layer is employed, the liquid is
preferably pre-heated to the temperature at which 95 the dissolution
of the chromium is to be effected.
The process of the invention results in a 2 78,4 pure blue solution of
chromous chloride the oxygen absorbability of which corresponds to the
quantity calculated for the total chromium present in the solution as
divalent chromium.
The reduction value with respect to permanganate solutions also has
the value calculated for a chromous chloride solution free from
chromic salt.
When, for particular analytical purposes, chromous chloride solutions
containing hydrochloric acid are required, the desired amount of acid
is to be added after the separation of the excess chromium and of the
undissolved impurities The amount of acid for stable conditions
evolving no hydrogen, is dependent upon the concentration of the
chromous chloride solution as will more fully be set forth
10. hereinafter.
The residue from filtration must contain a certain amount of metallic
chromium in addition to the insoluble constituents, for if sufficient
hydrochloric acid is used so as to dissolve all of the chromium, then
a green solution is obtained rather than the blue chromous solution
Even if the theoretical quantity of hydrochloric acid is used for
dissolving the aluminothermically obtained chromium, the desired blue
chromous chloride solutions are not obtained The use of the excess of
chromium has the adidtional advantage that the chromium
electrochemically displaces from the solution any zinc or iron that
may have been dissolved by the acid from the aluminothermically
prepared chromium.
Blue chromous chloride solutions are also not obtained when the period
of time for dissolving the chromium in the acid is unduly extended
Turbid solutions are then obtained from which a dingy green
precipitate separates in flocks upon standing for a period.
Thus, although there is a trace of zinc in aluminothermically prepared
chromium, a zinc-free chromous chloride solution which is suitable for
analytical purposes and which is practically free from chromic
chloride is obtained by the process of the invention The solution is
of course, free from large amounts of free hydrochloric acid The
maximum content of hydrochloric acid must be carefully controlled if
stability is to be assured A concentrated solution of chromous
chloride should contain little or no hydrochloric acid, 2 grams of
acid per litre being about the greatest permissible amount in a
concentrated solution which will keep almost indefinitely in the
absence of oxygen, for example, when stored under a hydrocarbon layer
in a sealed vessel.
Up to 5 grams of the acid can be allowed in more dilute chromous
solution, whilst a chromous solution of about molar concentration
remains stable with up to a content of about 40 grams of H Cl per
litre When the acid content is too high, hydrogen is evolved
continuously.
Short dissolving periods require that the chromium should be in
particulate form and should have a certain surface area If the brittle
metal is crushed in a mortar and brought to a particle size of below 0
4 mm, the dissolution will generally be terminated within 70 minutes
If, however, the metal is ground in a mineral mill into particles of a
more spherical form having a size of below 0 5 mm, the dissolution
will take about three times as long Coarse pieces of material may even
75 require ten times the time to neutralize the hydrochloric acid
added in an amount lower than that theoretically required to such an
extent that only small amounts (about 0-3 grams/litre) of free acid
remain 80 In a modification of the invention, the formation,
11. hereinbefore referred to, of turbid solutions and precipitates in the
preparation of concentrated chromous chloride solutions can be
avoided, even when the metallic chromium 85 is dissolved slowly, by
pretreating the metal with hydrofluoric acid.
According to the modified form of the invention therefore, a process
for the production of a solution of chromous chloride from 90 chromium
obtained by an aluminothermic method comprises treating the chromium
with hydrofluoric acid, dissolving the treated chromium in a quantity
of hydrochloric acid which is less than that required to dissolve the
95 chromium, and separating the solution from the undissolved residue,
the dissolution of the chromium and the separation of the solution
from the undissolved residue being effected in the absence of oxygen
and at a temperature 100 within the range 50 '-100 C The hydrofluoric
acid may conveniently be employed in the form of a 400 aqeuous
solution, and the amount used is small, for example, not substantially
more than 1 part by weight of H F 1 105 per 100 parts by weight of
chromium The chromium is preferably separated from the hydrofluoric
acid prior to dissolution in the hydrochloric acid.
It is essential for the hydrosfuoric acid to 110 be contacted with the
chromium before the chromium is contacted with the hydrochloric acid
If the hydrofluoric acid is added to the hydrochloric acid during
dissolution of the metal, the hydrofluoric acid will not be effec 115
tive to prevent precipitation during the storage of the chromous
chloride solution If, however, the hydrofluoric acid is added prior to
dissolving the metal, concentrated chromous chloride solutions of blue
colour are obtained 120 even with extended dissolving times, and these
solutions form no precipitates even when stored for months and, with a
content of free hydrochloric acid of as high as about 5 grams per
litre, show no evolution of hydrogen 125 The pretreatment with
hydrofluoric acid has great advantages Chromium metal, which is in a
form which is only soluble with difficulty, such as coarser or
smoother ground material and even coarse, unground pieces of 130
785,040 s 785,040 material, may now be used as the starting material
for the preparation according to the invention of chromous chloride
solutions since the time taken in dissolving the metal in the
hydrochloric acid is then of little or no importance.
The preparation of chromous chloride solutions from aluminothermically
produced chromium in accordance with the invention, is illustrated in
the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 grams of aluminothermically obtained chromium of the
following composition:99.0 % Cr 0 3 O 4 % Fe 0.1 O 3 % Si 0.2 O 3 % Al
0.02 0 05 % S 0.04 0 06 % C were placed in a 2 litre flask which
contained 360 cc of water which has been preheated to 600 C and was
covered with a hydrocarbon layer consisting of dodecane The flask was
12. Total chromium con Total chlorine Free H Cl Reduction value A residue
amounting to a total of 16 grams and consisting mainly of metallic
chromium, remained on the hot-water suction filter and was used for
the next batch This quantity amounted to 10 8 % based on the material
charged The quantity of hydrochloric acid added to the batch amounted
to 90 % of theory.
EXAMPLE 2
A further batch of chromous chloride solution was prepared from the
same amounts of Total chromium cont Total chlorine Free HCI Reduction
value During the initial part of the reaction, the solution had a
greenish tinge or hue and it only become blue when the reaction was
nearly complete The separation of the residue was effected in the
manner described in Example 1 It will be understood that the
production of the chromous chloride solution in accordance with the
invention may also be effected in continuous operation.
EXAMPLE 3
28 grams of aluminothermically produced pulverized chromiumn, 200 cc
of water and 100 cc of a protective hydrocarbon layer (dodecane) were
placed in a 1 litre, roundbottomed flask provided with a stirrer, a
thermometer and a reflux condenser as described in Example 1, and
heated to 60 C A mixture, preheated to 600 C, of 89 cc of hydrochloric
acid, corresponding to 36 7 provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a
reflux condenser having a gas outlet, and an inlet for the addition of
hydrochloric acid or chromium.
The temperature of the flask and its contents was controlled by means
of a water bath which could readily be maintained at about 600 C.
In the course of 6-10 minutes, 420 cc of % chemically pure
hydrochloric acid which had been preheated to 600 C, were allowed to
flow into the flask The addition of the hydrochloric acid was effected
at a rate slow enough to prevent the contents of the flask from
foaming over by too vigorous an evolution of hydrogen After another 20
minutes, the evolution of gas was almost complete The solution formed
was then filtered by means of a hot-water suction filter while
excluding atmospheric oxygen by covering the solution with a
hydrocarbon layer This resulted in 730 cc of a pure blue chromous
chloride solution After dilution of this solution to 840 cc.
with water which was free from air, the solution was found to have the
following characteristics:tent 143 8 grams/litre 196 95 grams/litre 0
77 grams/litre 99 7 % theoretical for Cr Cl, chromium, water,
hydrochloric acid and dodecane as were used in Example 1 In this case,
however, the hydrochloric acid was not gradually added to the
chromium, but the water, the hydrochloric acid and the hydrocarbon
were at first placed into the flask Then the aluminothermically
obtained chromium was gradually added at the same rate as the
13. hydrochloric acid was added in Example 1 The chromous chloride
solution had the following characteristics:
tent 146 7 grams/litre 201 8 grams/litre 1.8 grams/litre 99.3 % grams
H Cl, and 160 cc of water was then added within 3 minutes from a
dropping funnel After 15 minutes, the evolution of gas had almost
ceased Filtration was then effected by means of a hot-water suction
filter with the exclusion of oxygen A pure blue solution was obtained
and 48 cc of the hydrochloric acid used previously were added to it.
The total volume of the solution was 500 cc.
in which 24 grams of chromium were dissolved in the form of chromous
chloride.
The residue from the filtration consisted of 4 grams of chromium in
addition to small amounts of insoluble impurities Over a period of 14
days during which the solution was under observation, it was found to
evolve no hydrogen.
EXAMPLE 4
83 grams of aluminothermically prepared 115 chromium metal which had
been ground in a 785,040 mineral mill to a particle size of 0 5 mm
were mixed with 3 5 cc of 40 % hydrofluoric acid (density at 20 C = 1
128) in an iron vessel while stirring The mixture was heated to 40 -50
C After 10 minutes, the water of the hydrofluoric acid was evaporated
and the metal powder had now a green tint The pretreated metal was
placed in a round-bottomed flask of 2 litres capacity provided with a
stirrer and a dropping funnel The flask which contained 210 cc of
water had been placed in a water bath heated to about 800 C.
while the dropping funnel contained 210 cc.
of 35 % hydrochloric acid preheated to 50 C.
The flask was thoroughly purged with nitrogen and kept under a
nitrogen pressure.
The hydrochloric acid was added to the contents of the flask within 2
minutes while vigorously stirring The chromium metal, Content of
chromium Content of chlorine (including fluorine) Free H Cl Reduction
value After a storage time of 2 months, the solution was completely
free from turbidity and showed no evolution of hydrogen.
EXAMPLE 5
83 grams of commercial, lumpy, aluminothermically prepared chromium
which had pretreated in the same manner as the ground material of
Example 4, were treated with the same quantities of water,
hydrochloric acid and under the same conditions in the apparatus used
in Example 4 The evolution of hydrogen lasted about 3 hours After
filtration, a blue solution was obtained which had a reduction value
of 97 % and a content of free hydrochloric acid of 3 grams HCI/litre.
During a period of observation of two months, the solution remained
completely clear and no evolution of gas was observed.
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* GB785041 (A)
Description: GB785041 (A) ? 1957-10-23
An electromagnetically specified observation mirror for use on road vehicles
Description of GB785041 (A)
PATENT SPE CIFICATION
Inventor:-ALFRED HAROLD YARDLEY.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 3, 1956.
Application Date: Oct 8, 1954 No 29031 /54.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 35, G 1 (C D); and 103 ( 2), C 9.
International Classification:-H Old.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Electromagnetically Specified Observation Mirror for Use on Road
Vehicles.
We, JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) LIMITED, of Great King Street, in the
City of Birmingham, 19, a British Company, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to observation mirrors of the kind employed in
the interior of a road vehicle to enable the driver toobserve the road
behind him To obviate glare from the head light of a following vehicle
at night, it is usual to mount such a mirror pivotally, so that it can
be temporarily moved to a position in which it deflects the incident
light from a head lamp away from the driver's line of vision The
15. object of the invention is to provide such a mirror with an
electromagnetically operable actuating mechanism in a compact and
reliable form.
A mechanism in accordance with the invention comprises a solenoid
having a spring-loaded iron core which is both reciprocable and
rotatable, means whereby with each linear movement of the core a
unidirectional angular movement through 90 is imparted to the core,
and a crank device for communicating the angular movements of the core
to the mirror.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a part sectional side elevation of a mechanism embodying
the invention, 3.5 Figure 2 is a plan of one end of the mechanism, and
Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line 3.3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan illustrating the initial form of a plate used to
form a part of the lPrice 3 s 6 d l mechanism which effects the
required rota 40 tional movements of the solenoid core.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the mode of action of an observation mirror
by the mechanism shown in Figures 1-4.
Referring to Figures 1-4, there is mounted 4,5 on a base a a
horizontally arranged solenoid which comprises a winding b and an iron
core c, the latter being both reciprocable and rotatable within the
winding Linear movement of the core in one direction is effected 50 by
magnetic attraction, and in the opposite direction by a spring d To
obviate interference of the spring with the rotational freedom of the
core, an abutment piece e is placed between the adjacent ends of the
55 spring and core, and on the latter is formed a conical end which at
its apex bears on the central part of the abutment The solenoid may be
mounted in an iron framef.
For effecting the required rotational move 60 ments of the core there
is secured to the base a at one end of the solenoid winding, a fixed
member g This member is made from a rectangular metal plate which
initially has the shape shown in Figure 4 In this plate 63 is formed a
central vee-slot 1 and two inclined side slots 2, 3, shaped as shown.
This plate is then bent so that its central part is shaped to a
semi-cylindrical form, and from the ends extend two side lugs h as
shown 70 in Figure 3 The member g so formed is secured to the base by
screws inserted through the lugs From inspection of Figure 4, it will
be noticed that-the apex 4 of one side of the vee-slot 1 is displaced
laterally 75 relatively to the transverse centre line which passes
through the base 5 of this slot Also the two slots 2, 3, are shorter
than the side portions of the vee-slot 1 When the plate 7859041
785,041 is bent to the shape shown in Figure 3, the ends of the
vee-slot 1 which merge into the ends of the side slots 2, 3, subtend
an angle of 1800 relatively to the axis of the core c.
16. The slots in the part g are engageable by the projecting ends of a pin
i inserted through the core c, and when the core is in its extended
position, the ends of the pin occupy the junctions of the side slots
and vee-slot as I O shown in Figure 2.
On the outer end of the core is formed or secured an eccentric crank
pin j which passes through a transverse slot k in a crank arm m on the
mirror N to be actuated by reciprocation of the core The mirror N is
of rectangular form and is mounted in the front open side of a casing
(not shown) in which the mechanism is contained The mirror is
pivotally supported in the casing along the -0 edge o as shown in
Figures 5 and 6, and the crank arm m is secured to the rear of the
mirror, the mechanism being required to swing the mirror about the
edge o between two limit positions pl, p 3, as shown in 2.5 Figure 5.
Starting with the mirror in its normal position as indicated by pl in
Figure 5, the mode of action when it is required to tilt the mirror is
as follows:3 O When the mirror is in the said position pl, the
solenoid core occupies the extended position to which it has been
moved by the spring d, and the ends of the pin i occupy the positions
shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 The solenoid circuit is controlled by a
pushbutton switch, and on momentarily closing the switch the core
moves inwardly against the action of the spring d During this movement
one end of the pin i travels -along one of the side parts of the slot
1 and concurrently the other end travels along the slot 3 In this
movement the core is rotated through 900, causing-the mirror to be
moved to the position p 2 (Figure 6) At the sametime the said other
end of the pin swings out of the slot 3 into a position in the open
space between the sides of the part g On releasing the switch, the
spring d returns the core to its extended position In this movement
one end of the pin travels along the other part of the slot 1, causing
the core to rotate through another 90 , and so causing the mirror to
be moved to its limit position p 3, (Figure 5) Meanwhile the other end
of the pin enters and travels along the slot 2.
To return the mirror to its position pl, the the switch is again
actuated, causing the core to be rotated, in the same direction as
previously, for effecting movement of the mirror through the position
p 2, to its original position pl.
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17. * GB785042 (A)
Description: GB785042 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to newspaper conveyors
Description of GB785042 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Newspaper Conveyors.
We, IGRANIC ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Elstow
Road, Bedford, in the County of Bedfordshire, and HAROLD
HERBERT RAPLEY, a British Subject, of "Ivanhoe", 16 Cowper Road,
Bedford, in the County of Bedfordshire, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to newspaper conveyors and has for its object
the provision of means whereby the newspapers, while on the conveyor
may be stacked into batches.
The invention consists broadly of a newspaper conveyor system in which
a succession of groups of overlapping papers are conveyed on a
horizontal belt conveyor with spaces between the adjacent groups,
wherein, as each group reaches a given position, two barrier elements
are moved laterally into the path of the papers, one before and the
other behind such group, and are then relatively moved towards one
another so as to cause the overlapping papers to slide together and
form a stack.
In order that the invention may be the more clearly understood a
system in accordance therewith will now be described reference being
made to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevation of the system shown
immediately prior to the commencement of a stacking operation;
Figure 2 is a similar view of the system shown after the first step in
the stacking operation;
Figure 3 is a similar view of the system shown at the end of said
stacking operation;
Figure 4 is an end elevation of one of the parts of the system;
18. Figure 5 is an electric circuit diagram illustrating electrical
control circuits whereby the stacking operations are controlled
automatically.
Referring to the drawings the papers 1 are conveyed from the press, on
a horizontal endless belt conveyor 2, in a series of spaced quires.
That is to say one quire of papers in overlapping formation is
followed by a short gap of no papers, which is followed by another
quire and so on.
In the present arrangement, as soon as a quire reaches a given
position-viz. the position of the leading quire in Figure 1a
horizontal frame 3, which is located underneath the conveyor and which
carries two upstanding forked blades 4 and 5 (see also
Figure 4) in spaced relation along the conveyor, is raised to the
position of Figure 2 so that said two forked blades pass upwards
between the belts of the conveyor, the arrangement being such that one
of said blades, viz. the blade 4 (hereinafter called the front blade)
comes in front of the quire and the other, the blade 5 (hereinafter
called the rear blade) behind it. When the frame 3 is at its fully up
position it stops and the front blade 4 remains stationary. The rear
blade 5 is now moved horizontally forwards relative to said frame,
until it is separated from the front blade 4 only by the distance of
one paper length as shown in Figure 3, and it will thus be seen that
the overlapping papers of the quire are slid on top of each other
until they form a vertical stack located between the two vertical
blades 4 and 5.
When the rear blade 5 reaches its foremost limit, the frame 3 is
lowered together with its blades and the rear blade 5 is re turned
rearwardly to its starting position, and all is ready for a repetition
of the operation when the next quire reaches said given position. It
will thus be seen that the quires are formed into a series of spaced
vertical stacks which are conveyed along by the conveyor to a point of
delivery.
For effecting the up and down movement of the frame 3, the same is
mounted by means of a bracket 6 on the upper end of a vertical piston
rod 7 whose lower end is secured to the piston of an air cylinder 8.
Each time a quire reaches the said given position of Figure 1, a light
beam 9 is permitted to pass from a source of light 10 through the gap
immediately behind said quire and to impinge upon a photoelectric
device 11, and said photoelectric device thereupon (see Figure 5)
completes a circuit through the winding RW of a relay, said circuit
being traced from one mains terminal LI, through pole M1 of manually
operated main switch, through said photoelectric device 11, through
said relay winding RW, through a normally closed mechanically operated
contact C1, and through the other pole M2 of the main switch to the
19. other mains terminal L2.
Said relay therefore closes main contacts R 1 and auxiliary contacts
R2. Closure of said auxiIiary contact R2 establishes a maintaining
circuit for said winding RW as will be immediately clear from the
drawing.
Closure of the main relay contacts Rl establishes an energising
circuit for a solenoid S1, and this operates a valve (not shown) which
allows compressed air to enter the lower end of the cylinder 8 by way
of a conduit 12, and to exhaust from the upper end of said cylinder by
way of a conduit 13.
The piston of said cylinder accordingly raises said frame 3 and blades
4 and 5 to the up position. It will be noted that according to Figure
1, the lift beam 9 strikes the photoelectric device 11 while the rear
end of the quire is still vertically above the blade 5 but by the time
the blade has moved upwards between the wires of the conveyor the
quire has advanced sufficiently to clear said blade.
For effecting the horizontal movement of the rear blade 5 a second air
cylinder 14 is provided, mounted horizontally in rigidly relation on
said frame, and the piston rod 15 of the piston of said second
cylinder is attached to said rear blade 5. When the piston rod 7 of
the first air cylinder moves into its upper limit a projection 16
thereon mechanically closes a normally open contact C2 which thereby
energises a second solenoid S2 (see Figure 5) which operates a valve
not shown to allow compressed air to enter said second air cylinder 14
by way of a conduit 15 at its rear end and to exhaust from a conduit
18 at its forward end. The piston of said air cylinder thereby moves
said rear blade 5 forwards.
When said rear blade 5 reaches the forward limit of its movement a
projection 17 on its piston rod 15 engages and opens the aforesaid
contact C1 which is connected in the circuit of the relay winding RW.
The relay accordingly drops out and de-energises the first solenoid S1
which thereby operates the valve of the first air cylinder 8 to permit
the compressed air to flow in through the conduit 13 and exhaust
through the conduit 12, so that the frame 3 and its blades 4 and 5 are
again lowered. This causes the aforesaid contact C2 to be opened which
deenergises the solenoid S2, thereby operating the valve of the second
air cylinder to permit compressed air to flow in through the conduit
16 and exhaust through the conduit 15, so that the rear blade 5 is
returned rearwardly to its normal position. This will of course
reclose the contact C1, but by now, as shown in Figure 3, the next
quire will have cut off the light beam 9 from the photoelectric device
11, so that the relay winding RW will not be re-energised until said
next quire reaches said given position, whereupon the gap behind it
will enable the photoelectric device 11 to be again activated and the
20. whole cycle will be repeated for stacking said next quire.
Obviously other means than compressed air, such for example as
electric motors, could be employed for actuating the frame and the
rear blade.
Further, instead of using a photoelectric device to initiate each
cycle of operation, any other device, such for example as a sensitive
limit switch responsive to the absence of paper, may be used.
In the arrangement above described the forming of the papers into a
vertical stack is effected by keeping the front blade stationary and
moving the rear blade horizontally forwards. In some cases it may be
found better to move the front blade horizontally rearwards at the
same time as the rear blade is moved horizontally forwards.
What we claim is : -
1. A newspaper conveyor system in which a succession of groups of
overlapping papers are conveyed on a horizontal belt conveyor with
spaces between the adjacent groups, wherein, as each group reaches a
given position, two barrier elements are moved laterally into the path
of the papers, one before and the other behind such group, and are
then relatively moved towards one another so as to cause the
overlapping papers to slide together and form a stack.
2. A system according to Claim 1. wherein said two barrier elements
are moved from below upwards into said path.