4226 4230.output

* GB784633 (A)
Description: GB784633 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to cigarette cases
Description of GB784633 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification: Nov 22, 1954.
Application Date: Jan28, 1954 No 2671154.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 18, A( 1 W: 2 G: 5: 6 R: BE).
International Classification:-B 65 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Cigarette Cases I, GEORGE KIASHEK, a
British Subject, of 9, West Heath Avenue, London, N W 1 l, do hereby
declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted
to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to cigarette cases.
According to the present invention, there is provided a cigarette case
having a cigarette holding element provided with pockets for holding
cigarettes individually, wherein the cigarette holding element is
formed from a single piece of sheet metal which is fluted and folded
to form the cigarette containing pockets and is provided with integral
hinge loops, these hinge loops and hinge loops on the case and its
cover being connected by a hinge pin.
According to a further feature the cigarette case of this invention
may be combined with a powder compact secured back to back therewith
This combination may include a lipstick holder passing through the
adjoining wall of the compact casing and secured within the latter
Such lipstick holder may be in the form of a spring clip bent to
circular form with an integral radial lug or lugs.
Moreover the lug or lugs thereon may pass through securing loops
formed in the bottom of the compact casing, such loops being squeezed
on to the lug or lugs to retain the same These loops may be formed by
stamping up out of the material of said bottom Alternatively, instead

of the loops being squeezed on to the lugs to retain the lipstick
holder in position, the loops may be spot welded to the lugs.
The powder container may be in the form of a shallow tray having a
peripheral flange provided with a depending skirt, the space between
the skirt and the wall of the tray being wide enough to accommodate
the lugs and loops for securing the lipstick holder to the compact.
According to yet another feature of the in734-, 633 vention, in this
combination the powder compact preferably comprises a casing part
having a lid hinged thereto and a powder container secured within such
casing part 50 and the powder container has one edge chamfered or
bevelled to fit under the hinge of such lid whilst the edge opposite
thereto is formed with nicks or recesses to engage correspondingly
positioned pips or projec 55 tions respectively on the inside of the
corresponding wall of the casing part to be held in place thereby.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect one 60 embodiment thereof is hereinafter more
fully described by way of example with reference to the drawings
accompanying the provisional specification and in which: -
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a com 65 bined powder compact and
cigarette case showing the powder compact with its lid open, Figure 2
is a perspective view of the device shown in Figure 1, showing the
cigarette case 70 with its cover open, Figure 3 is a plan of the part
of the device comprising the compact casing part and the casing part
of the cigarette case secured together back to back, with the compact
casing 75 part uppermost, Figure 4 is a side elevation of the part
shown in Figure 3 being a view looking down on that figure, Figure 5
is an underneath plan of the part 80 shown in Figure 3, showing the
casing part of the cigarette case uppermost, Figure 6 is an end view
of the Dart shown in Figure 3, being a view looking on the righthand
side of that figure, 85 Figure 7 is a fragmentary perspective view on
an enlarged scale illustrating a manner of attachment of the lipstick
holder to the compact, Figure 8 is a plan of the compact casing 90
part with its lid removed and showing the powder container in
position, the lid of the 2 784,633 latter being removed to expose the
interior of the container, Figure 9 is a view in section on an
enlarged scale taken on the line IX-IX in Figure 8, Figure 10 is a
view in section on the line X-X in Figure 8, Figure 11 is a
perspective view 'showing the manner in which the powder container is
inserted in the casing part of the compact, Figure 12 is a plan view
showing the cigarette case open, Figure 13 is a section on the line
XIIIXIII in Figure 12, Figure 14 is a plan view of the cigarette
holder element (as seen from the left of Fig.
13) and Figure 15 is a section on the line XV-XV in Figure 14.
Referring now to the said drawings, and in particular to Figure 1 and

2 thereof, wherein is illustrated a device comprising a powder compact
combined with a cigarette case, the casing part 1 of the compact and
the casing part 2 of the cigarette case being attached together back
to back by means of rivets indicated at 3 in Figures 3 and 5.
The lid 4 of the compact is attached to the casing part 1 of the
latter by means of a hinge, generally indicated at 5 in Figure 1, and
carries a mirror which is secured therein in a conventional manner by
means of a bezel 7.
Within the casing part 1 of the compact is mounted a powder container
8 having a cover 9 attached thereto by a hinge 10 and provided with a
sliding catch 11 conveniently of the form described in British Patent
Specification No 616,111.
Attached to the casing part 1 of the powder compact is a lipstick
holder 12 in the form of a spring clip made of sheet metal bent to
circular form a's shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6.
In order to secure the lipstick holder 12 to the compact casing part 1
the lipstick holder 12 is provided with a number of radial lugs 13
(three in the example shown) which pass through corresponding slots 14
formed in the base of one wall la of the casing part 1 and under loops
15 stamped up out of the bottom 0 of the casing part 1 as
diagrammatically shown in Figures 3, 7, 8 and 9, the loops 15 being
squeezed down to the lugs 13 to secure them Alternatively the loops 15
may be spot welded to the lugs 13 Also stamped up S out of the bottom
of the casing part 1 are two loops 16 through which pass the shanks 17
of hooks 18 (Figure 3) to which is attached a chain (not shown) for
carrying the device in the hand, the loops 16 being squeezed on to the
shanks 17 to secure them.
In order to enable the powder container 8 to be inserted in the casing
part 1, the powder container is formed W 7 trith one edge 19 chamfered
or bevelled so that it can be passed under the hinge elements 5 a on
the compact casing part 1, this edge 19 of the container 8 being held
in place by the hinge elements a which overlap it.
The container 8 has a shallow tray or well portion 22 surrounded by a
peripheral flange 70 portion 23 having an external depending skirt 24
which fits closely within the walls of the casing part 1.
Figure 11 shows the manner of inserting the powder container 8 Before
inserting the 75 powder container 8 the lid portion 4 is attached to
the casing portion 1 of the compact by means of the hinge 5, and then
the powder container 8, held in the inclined position as shown in
Figure 11, is inserted with its edge 80 19 under the hinge elements 5
a, after which it is swung down about the edge 19 until the portion 24
a of the skirt portion 24 passes down inside the front wall lb of the
casing part 1 To secure the container 8, the part IS 24 a is provided
with nicks or depressions 20 which engage with inwardly directed pips

or projections 21 formed on the front wall lb of the casing part 1,
these pips or projection's snapping into the depressions 20 as the con
90 tainer 8 is swung down into place Alternatively the pips may be on
the skirt portion 24 a and the depressions on the wall lb.
The space between the tray portion 22 and the depending skirt 24 is
wide enough to ac 95 commodate the lugs 13 and their securing loops 15
as can be seen from Figure 8 In order to secure the lid 4 of the
compact a spring catch is provided which comprises a leaf spring 25
carrying a catch element 26 100 and having a thumb piece 27 projecting
through a slot in the front wall lb of the casing portion 1, the ends
of the spring element 25 bearing against the face of the tray portion
22 of the powder container 8 105 The catch element 26 engages with a
correspondingly shaped recess in the lid 4 formed by pressing out the
metal thereof as indicated at 28 in Figure 1.
In order to accommodate the catch ele 110 ment 26 the peripheral
flange 23 of the powder container 8 is cut away at 29, and in order to
accommodate the part of the thumb piece 27 which is located inside the
powder container 1 the portion 24 a of the skirt 24 is 115 cut away as
indicated at 30.
The cigarette case portion of the device comprises the casing part 2
and the lid 31 which are connected together by a hinge including hinge
elements 32 formed integrally 120 with the lid 31 and hinge elements
33 formed integrally with the casing portion 2 as diagrammatically
shown in Figure 12.
Mounted in the cigarette case is a cigarette holding unit 34 which is
formed with hinge 125 loops 35 by means of which it is pivotally
attached to the cigarette case and lid by a single hinge pin 36
passing through all the hinge elements 32, 33, and 35, which are
disposed in end-to-end alignment as shown in 130 784,633 secured back
to back therewith 40
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* GB784634 (A)
Description: GB784634 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to self-supporting containers of carbon or
graphite
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
CH330119 (A) FR1091436 (A)
CH330119 (A) FR1091436 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
Improvements in or relating to Seif-suppofting Containers
of Carbon or Graphite
We, ELLA KATHE CONRAnTY, PETER
CONRADTY, MONICA CONRADTY, and CLAUDIO
CONRADrY, all German Citizens, personally responsible partners of the
Firm C. CON- RATTY, of 9, Spittlertorgraben, Nurnberg,
Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to self-supporting containers of carbon or
graphite.
It is known to line tanks or vessels used for chemical purposes which
are made of iron, steel,' concrete and similar materials, with carbon
or graphite bricks or slabs because in respect of chemical
resistance to many aggressive agents and in respect of resistance to
temperature changes and their mal conductivity these carbon or
graphite linings are far superior to linings of fireclay or other
ceramic materials hitherto used, and in some cases, for example, when
using solutions containing fluoric acid, are absolutely indispensable.

Although with tanks or vessels lined with carbon or graphite the
supply or removal of heat is considerably more favourable, in
consequence of the considerably better their mal conductivity of
carbon or graphite as compared with ceramic materials, this excellent
property or carbon and graphite is not fully utilised, because between
the metal wall and the carbon or graphite lining there must generally
be inserted a layer having poor thermal conductivity and consisting of
fireclay, synthetic plastic, rubber, and so on, in order to compensate
for the different co-efficients of thermal expansion of the tanks or
vessels and lining materials.
The present invention aims at overcoming the foregoing disadvantages
and at utilising the high thermal conductivity of carbon or graphite
for the supply and removal of heat by providing a container comprising
a base portion and a wall portion each of which is built up from a
plurality of plates of carbon or graphite the plates forming the wall
portion being arranged to provide wall sections extending
longitudinally of the container the opposing ends of adjacent sections
being shouldered so that they internest with one another and provide a
surrounding groove at the junction between sections for a sealing
cement, the plates forming the base portion being tongued and grooved
so as to engage firmly with one another and being secured to the wall
portion by a cemented joint.
The present invention also consists in a tank or vessel of metal,
concrete or other material having a self supporting inner container of
carbon or graphite as hereinbefore described, spaced apart from the
inner walls thereof.
Preferably, the inner container is spaced apart from the tank or
vessel by a frame or cage which also serves as a means for the ready
installation, removal and transportation of the carbon or graphite
inner container and which may at the same time serve to guide a
heating or cooling fluid in the interspace between the tank or vessel
and the inner container.
An installation according to the invention undoubtedly has far higher
efficiency than hitherto known installations. In addition, it
eliminates the difficulties which always arise when two substances
having different coefficients of expansion are joined together
mechanically rigidly.
Moreover, such a construction has the added advantage of easy
inspection of the tightness of the carbon or graphite parts from both
sides and a greater ease of repair when leakage is found (chiselling
out the leaky part and cementing it together).
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference
is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate
diagrammatically and by way of example, two embodiments of carbon or

graphite container in accordance therewith, and in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through one embodiment of container;
Fig. 2 is a half plan view of the container of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment; and
Fig. 4 is a corresponding half plan view thereof.
In said drawings, like parts are denoted by like reference characters.
Moreover, in the drawings only the carbon or graphite container is
shown which is adapted to be inserted with clearance into a tank or
vessel of metal, concrete or other material.
The container is built up from a plurality of suitably shaped carbon
or graphite plates a cemented together at their horizontal joints by
means of angle or stepped joints b so that the smallest possible joint
inside the container is produced. The angle joints are at the same
time so dimensioned that adjacent plates do not make contact with one
another on the outside of the container. The resulting gap is filled
with a cement mass c. At the horizontal joints, moreover, a hard
rubber or the like resilient band d is provided around the outside of
the container, this band being so elastic that it takes the small
alterations in volume of the carbon or graphite container when the
temperature changes and in addition contributes towards stabilisation
of the container.
As will be seen from Fig. 2, the base plates are ranged in a circle
around a core piece e, to which they are also cemented, and by means
of tongues and grooves engage firmly in one another at their joints.
It will thus be seen that the container is completely self supporting
and can be inserted into a tank or vessel (not shown) with ease.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the carbon or graphite
plates a are grooved at their horizontal joints to receive a retaining
and stabilising ring f, which, like the plates themselves, is composed
of graphite or carbon. Here again the plates do not make contact on
the outside of the container.
The free space is again filled with a cement mass c. Similarly, in
this embodiment the hard rubber bands d may be placed around the
various joints in order to improve stabilisation.
What we claim is: -
1. A container comprising a base portion and a wall portion each of
which is built up from a plurality of plates of carbon or graphite the
plates forming the wall portion being arranged to provide wall
sections extendmg longitudinally of the container the opposmg ends of
adjacent sections being snouldered so that they internest with one
another and provide a surrounding groove at the junction between
sections for a sealing cement, the plates forming the base portion
being tongued and grooved so as to engage firmly with one another and
being secured to the wall portion by a cemented loint.

2. Container as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a groove is provided in
the opposing end faces of adjacent sections for the accommodation of a
holding or stabilising ring.
3. Container as claimed in either of the preceding claims, wherein the
external horizonral joints are covered or embraced by a band of hard
rubber or the like resilient material which is so elastic that it
takes up small variations in volume of the carbon or graphite
structure when changes of temperature occur, same band also
contributing to the stabilisation of the structure.
4. A tank or vessel of metal, concrete or other material having a
self-supporting inner container of carbon or graphite as claimed in
any one of the preceding claims spaced apart from the inner walls
thereof.
5. A tank or vessel as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the inner container
is spaced apart froin the tank or vessel by a frame or cage which also
serves as a means for ready installation, removal and transportation
of the carbon or graphite inner container and which may at the same
time serve to guide a heating or cooling fluid in the interspace
between the tank or vessel and the inner container.
6. The self-supporting containers of carbon or graphite constructed
and arranged substantially as herein described and with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
* GB784635 (A)
Description: GB784635 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Chromium-containing monoazo dyestuffs

A l,: 6: or 1 a ''{ 'I
I>c X;l bai 1 784635 7849635 Date of Application and filing Complete
Specification: April 13, 1954.
No 10900/54.
Application made in Germany on April 25, 1953.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), P 1 (A 2 A 2: A 2 B 2 B: A 3: A 4
B: Fl: F 5), P 8 (A 1 B: BI: Cl: C 2).
International Classification:-C 09 b.
SPECIFICATION NO 784, 635
The inventors of this invention in the sense of being the actual
devisers thereof within the meaning of Section i P of the Patents Act,
1949 are Kurt Erei, of H Ialinenweg 1, Koln-Staaerhelm, Germarny,
Eugen Glletenberg, of Christian-Hess-Strasse 69,
Leverkutsen-Bayerwerk, Oerana, and Ludwig;ussler, of Kaslnopark 3,
Leverlkusen-Bayerwerlk, Germany, all of German nationality.
T.E PAT Ei T OFFICE, i 1st h;ovember, 1957 iR r nP wherein A stands
for a coupling component coupled in o-position to a hydroxy group, R
and R 1 stand for alkyl, substituted alkyl, or hydrogen, and R 2
stands for alkyl, preferably methyl.
The new chromium containing monoazo dyestuffs free from sulphonic acid
groups can be obtained by coupling diazotized 1amino
2-hydroxybenzene-sulphonamides of the formula:
OH h NNH/ S Oz 2 N-C-HZ CHZ SOZ N wherein R, R, and R 2 have the same
meaning as above, with a coupling component coupling in o-position in
a hydroxy group and free from sulphonic acid groups Suitable coupling
lPrice 3 s 6 d l DB 00066/1 ( 3)/3593 100 101/57 R exemplified by the
5-sulphomethylaminoethane sulphonamide and sulphomethylamide.
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the
invention.
EXAMPLE 1.
11.2 Grams of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane
sulphonamide are dissolved in 150 mnil of water and 10 ml of
hydrochloric acid and diazotized with a per cent sodium nitrite
solution at 0 5 C After a short time the diazonium compound
precipitates as a crystalline yellow deposit The acid suspension of it
is rendered weakly acid by adding sodium bicarbonate and then slowly
poured into a solution of 8 grams of 1-acetylamino
7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of
sodium carbonate and 150 ml of water, cooled with ice After stirring
for one hour coupling is finished; the dark blue dyestuff solution

shows a p H-value of 9 4 After stirring overnight at room temperature
the solution is adjusted to p H 8 by adding some dilute hydrochloric
acid, whereby the dyestuff precipitates The dyestuff paste obtained
after filtering is heated with 90 ml of water and 10 ml of caustic
soda solution ( 36 Be) to 75-80 C, whereby the dyestuff dissolves.
784635 $ o Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
April 13, 1954.
No 10900154.
Application made in Germany on April 25, 1953.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), PI(A 2 A 2: A 2 B 2 B: A 3: A 4 B:
Fl: F 5), P 8 (A 1 B: Bi: Cl: C 2).
International Classification:-C 09 b COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Chromium-Containing Monoazo Dyestuffs We, FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER
ARTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a body corporate organised under the laws of
Germany, of Leverkusen, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:
The present invention comprises new chromium-containing monoazo
dyestuffs and a process of making the same; more particularly it
comprises chromium complex compounds of monoazo dyestuffs free from
sulphonic acid groups and corresponding to the general formula:
OH N=N-A 502 N -C 2 C Hr SO N wherein A stands for a coupling
component coupled in o-position to a hydroxy group, R and R 1 stand
for alkyl, substituted alkyl, or hydrogen, and R 2 stands for alkyl,
preferably methyl.
The new chromium containing monoazo dyestuffs free from sulphonic acid
groups can be obtained by coupling diazotized 1amino
2-hydroxybenzene-sulphonamides of the formula:
OH iI Fi N Hq z N-CH C Hz-SO N wherein R, R 1 and R 2 have the same
meaning as above, with a coupling component coupling in o-position in
a hydroxy group and free from sulphonic acid groups Suitable coupling
lPrice 3 s 6 d l compounds are e g 1 phenyl -3 methyl-5pyrazolone, 1-(
3 '-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl 5pyrazolone, 1-( 41-nitrophenyl)
3-methyl-5pyrazolone, 1-( 21-chlorophenyl)-3-methy I-5pyrazolone, 1 (
21,5 '-dichlorophenyl) 3methyl-5-pyrazolone, 2-hydroxy-naphthalene,
6-bromo 2 hydroxynaphthalene, 1-acetylamino 7-hydroxy naphthalene,
3-hydroxydiphenylene oxide and 2-hydroxycarbazole.
The 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene sulphoalkylamino ethane sulphonamides
used as diazo components are obtainable by condensing
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene sulphochlorides with an alkyl taurine,
converting the condensation products into the sulphochloride and then

into the sulphonanmide, and finally hydrolysing the chlorine and
reducing the nitro group to the amino group They are exemplified by
the 5-sulphomethylaminoethane sulphonamide and sulphomethylamide.
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the
invention.
EXAMPLE 1.
sulphonamide are dissolved in 150 ml of water and 10 ml of
hydrochloric acid and diazotized with a per cent sodium nitrite
solution at 0-5 o C After a short time the diazonium compound
precipitates as a crystalline yellow deposit The acid suspension of it
is rendered weakly acid by adding sodium bicarbonate and then slowly
poured into a solution of 8 grams of 1-acetylamino
7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of
sodium carbonate and 150 ml of water, cooled with ice After stirring
for one hour coupling is finished; the dark blue dyestuff solution
shows a p H-value of 9 4 After stirring overnight at room temperature
the solution is adjusted to p H 8 by adding some dilute hydrochloric
acid, whereby the dyestuff precipitates The dyestuff paste obtained
after filtering is heated with 90 ml of water and 10 ml of caustic
soda solution ( 36 Be) to 75-80 C, whereby the dyestuff dissolves.
At this temperature 125 ml of a chroming solution containing 42 6
grams of potassium bichromate and 78 grams of glucose per litre is run
in Thereafter the solution is stirred for 20 minutes at 80 C After
cooling the dyestuff solution to 40 C it-is adjusted to p H 8.5 by
adding some diluted hydrochloric acid, whereby the chromed dyestuff
precipitates.
The black powder thus obtained is the chromium complex of the monoazo
dyestuff of the formula:
OH HO O N = N o CH 3 COHNr:
SO 21 N-CH 2 CH SOZNH 2 CH 3 which dissolves well in hot water and
dyes wool from neutral as well as weakly acid bath black-blue shades
of good fastness to washing and very good fastness to light.
EXAMPLE 2.
11.2 Grams of l-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane
sulphonamide are diazotized as described in Example 1 The suspension
of the diazo compounds, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, is
allowed to slowly run into a solution of 6 95 grams of
1phenyl-3-methyl-5 pyrazolone, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4
grams of sodium carbonate and 200 ml of water, cooled with ice.
The coupling mixture is stirred overnight at p H 8 The dyestuff
precipitates without addition of sodium chloride; after filtering 150
ml of a solution of ammonium chrome-salicylate (corresponding to 1 52
grams of Cr OA) is added and the mixture is heated at the boil for 2

hours To the hot solution 12 per cent of sodium chloride are added On
cooling the chromed dyestuff precipitates It is the chromium complex
of the monoazo dyestuff of the formula:
Q OH N -N.N-C o-CH 3 SON-CH C 1 -S Oa N z CH 3 and dyes wool from
neutral as well as weakly acid bath reddish orange shades of very good
fastness to light as well as of good levelling power and good fastness
to washing.
EXAMPLE 3.
sulphonamide are diazotized as described in Example 1 and coupled with
a solution of 7 3 grams of 3hydroxy-diphenyleneoxide, 1 6 grams of
solid sodium hydroxide and 4 grams of sodium carbonate in 200 ml of
water After stirring overnight the solution is adjusted to p H 9 by
adding some diluted hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated dyestuff
is filtered by suction.
The chromed dyestuff obtained according to one of the methods
described in the foregoing examples represents a dark brown powder
which dissolves in hot water with a brown colour and dyes wool from
neutral or weakly acid bath somewhat violetish brown shades of very
good fastness to light and washing.
The dyestuff is the chromium complex of the monoazo dyestuff of the
formula:
NO OH 507 N -CH 2 C He-SO 2 N Hz CH 3 EXAMPLE 4.
11.7 Grams of l-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino -ethane
sulphomethylamide are diazotized as described in the preceding
Examples By coupling with a solution of 8 grams of
1-acetylamino-7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium
hydroxide, 4 grams of sodium carbonate in ml of water a dyestuff is
obtained which, after chroming, represents a black powder.
It dyes wool from weakly acid bath black shades of very good fastness
to light and washing The dyestuff is the chromium complex of the
monoazo dyestuff of the formula: Dyestuffs of very similar properties
are obtained, if in the above Examples in the diazo components used
one or both hydrogen atoms of the terminal amide group are:eplaced by
methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl, i e.
if instead of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene-5sulphomethylamino-ethane
sulphonamide the corresponding sulphomethylamide, sulphodimethylamide,
sulphoethylamide, sulphodiethylamide, sulpho /3 hydroxyethylamide,
sulpho di p hydroxyethylamide, sulphomethyl-ethylamide,
sulphomethyl-/-hydroxy784,635 Y represents an unsubstituted sulphonic
acid amide group at most one of the symbols X and Z represent H.
Specification Serial No 758,016 claims, inter alia, a process of
making chromiferous dyestuffs which consists in mixing a dyestuff
containing at least one group which can be chromed, with a chromate

and a reducing carbohydrate in an alkaline medium.
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* GB784636 (A)
Description: GB784636 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements relating to electrical equipment for signalling between railway
tracks and moving railway vehicles
784,636 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June
16, 1954.
Application made in Italy on June 18, 1953.
Index at acceptance:-Class 105, A 14 P 3.
I nternational Classification =-B 61 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Electrical Equipment for Signalling between
Railway Tracks and Moving Railway Vehicles I, ANTONIO COSTANTINI, an
Italian National, of 12, Via Montevecchio, Torino, Italy, do hereby
declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted
to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to electrical equipment for signalling between
railway tracks and moving railway vehicles.
An object of the invention is to provide electrical equipment for the
purpose stated such that signals detected on apparatus carried by the
vehicle operate visible or audible warning devices or carry out
directly a positive operation, as for instance braking or stopping a
vehicle.

A further object of the invention is to provide such equipment which
allows the use on the track of a body which is intrinsically inert and
which therefore is not subject to deterioration or to undesired
changes of operating characteristics.
According to the present invention there is provided electrical
equipment for the purpose stated including a mobile resonant component
such as a dipole to be carried by the vehicle and arranged to be
excited to electromagndtic radiation by a high-frequency oscillator, a
fixed resonant component in the form of a normally unenergised
conductor to be located on the track, which conductor is resonant at
the frequency of excitation of the mobile component and is such as to
produce a disturbance in said oscillator when electromagnetically
coupled to the mobile component in close proximity thereto, and
response means for deriving from such disturbance at least one desired
signal or for causing such disturbance to effect some other operation.
Also according to the invention there is provided equipment as set
forth in the preceding paragraph modified in that said fixed component
is made up of two or more mutulPrice 3/6 ally insulated conductive
sections such that when these sections are electrically connected or
not connected together this component is rendered resonantly operative
or non-operative, as the case may be, at said 50 frequency of
excitation, there being provided means for electrically connecting
said sections together at will.
Said mobile resonant component may be a dipole aligned in the
direction of move 56 ment of the train.
Said response means may include a rectifier coupled to said oscillator
and adapted to detect said disturbance, and an amplifier for
amplifying the output of the detector, the 60 output of the amplifier
being applied to provide said signal or effect said operation.
In one embodiment of the invention, par ticularly in relation to the
operation of a delayed warning signal or cautionary alarm 65 and of an
immediate signal or prompt alarm, with special reference to railway
signalling when trains are in motion, there may be a signalling
apparatus which is capable of functioning firstly in consequence of a
dis 70 turbance originated by a first fixed resonant component which
effects the cautionary alarm and pre-sets a second signalling
apparatus or operating apparatus of a prescribed type, and said second
apparatus so pre-set 7 s will operate in consequence of a disturbance
originated by a second fixed resonant component which, for instance
will operate if and when a prompt alarm must be transmitted, or for
accomplishing a desired operation 80 In one preferred form of such
embodiment, a signalling apparatus or each signalling apparatus
consists of at least one relay which is temporarily energised by the
discharge of a condenser when an appropriate 85 gas-filled electronic

valve (such as a thyratron), suitably polarised, allows the discharge
of said condenser, as the grid of the said valve is affected by the
disturbance due to the electromagnetic coupling between the 90 No
17637/54.
784,636 fixed component with the mobile component on passing each
other This relay effects in its turn the closing of the circuit of a
second relay which effects the desired operations appropriate to the
signal, and also pre-sets the equipment for a subsequent operation by
another signal, to give a further signal or effect a further
operation.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying generally diagrammatic drawings, which
illustrate the application of the invention to railway signalling, and
in which:Fig 1 is a block diagram showing the principle on which the
invention is based; Fig 2 is a schematic circuit diagram; Figs 3 and 4
are a perspective view and a schematic front view respectively of a
railway vehicle on which the mobile resonant component of the
equipment is mounted, in the position in which the said component
co-operates with a fixed resonant component; Fig 5 is a perspective
view of the casing of the equipment, with the mobile resonant
component in the form of a dipole which can be rendered resonantly
operative or nonoperative as shown in Fig 6; and Fig 7 shows one
example of a circuit for energising the mobile resonant component.
According to Fig 1, the equipment consists of an electrical source of
supply 1, of direct current, connected to a convertor 2 for providing
a source of supply of direct current at high, tension 3 indicates a
very high frequency oscillation generator applied to excite to
electromagnetic radiation a mobile resonant component in the form of a
dipole 4 which in the example is formed by a metallic bar which can be
constructed in a tubular form or in any other suitable form and of
pre-arranged dimensions The frequency range contemplated is from 2 to
300 megacycles per second, with a preferred frequency of 200
megacycles Around dipole 4 there is obtained a field of very high
frequency oscillation capable of affecting a very high frequency
oscillation detector 5, the output of such detector being applied to
response means in the form of an amplifier and signal device control
apparatus 6 adapted to operaate successively cautionary and immediate
warning apparatus 7 and 8 respectively An.
apparatus 9 connected to the output of detector 5 may form a
supervisory apparatus of said detector, controlling a supervisory
indicator 10.
In the example, the signalling apparatus 1-10 hereinbefore described
is mounted on a vehicle such as a railway locomotive 11 (Fig 3) in
such a manner that the mobile resonant component or dipole 4 projects

from the locomotive within the clearance line presented for the
rolling stock and aligned with the direction of movement The equipment
can be installed, for example, in a casing 12, whilst the dipole 4 is
held by a body 13 of insulating material which may if desired cover
the whole of the dipole, whilst a panel situated in the cabin could
accommodate all the signals and operational 70 controls.
A fixed resonant component in the form of another dipole is indicated
at 15 This is conveniently installed along the line outside of the
clearance line presented for the rol 75 ling stock and is disposed so
as to be electromagnetically coupled with the dipole 4 during the
passage of the railway train, so that it gives rise in the generated
field around the dipole 4 to a disturbance causing an increase 80 in
the load on the generator which is detected by the detector 5, and
this load disturbance is amplified and applied to the apparatus 6 for
controlling the signal devices.
Such disturbance is originated by the 85 dipole 15 only when its
geometrical dimensions correspond to those of tihe energised member 4
and when the distance between said members is within certain limits.
The equipment may furnish many different 90 signals which may be
translated into corresponding actions (e g, reduction of speed,
stopping of engines and applying of brakes).
There may be disposed along the path of movement several unenergised
members each 95 adapted to give a different signal In general the
first such member gives a preliminary or cautionary signal, whilst the
succeeding members operate the necessary control devices 100 When the
fixed resonant component is always to affect the field of a passing
energised component, this component is a single metallic body If,
however, a signal, especially a prompt alarm, is to be effected only
in 105 certain specific cases, then component 15 can be constructed
(see Fig 6) of two mutually insulated sections or separate metallic
rods 15 a and 15 b, which can be electrically connected together by
means of the contact 110 of a relay 16 which is remotely controlled.
viz, independently of the control of the other unenergised components
along the line In this manner if the relay contact between the two
rods 15 a and 15 b is not closed then this 115 component is resonantly
non-operative and so does not give rise to any disturbance in the
apparatus installed on the train, whilst, if said relay contact is
closed then this component assumes dimensions equal to those 120 of
the energised component, and hence becomes resonantly operative to
give rise to a disturbance sufficient to provide a signal.
In accordance with the circuit diagram (Fig 2), the circuit comprises
an oscillator of 125 a very high frequency, energised by the direct
current mains 17 and provided with two triodes 18, 19 in push-pull The
high frequency current from the oscillator is directed to the centre

of the resonant active component 4 130 ponent 15 a, 15 b which will
function to provide a signal only in certain conditions, as described
above with reference to Fig 6the same operations which were carried
out at the time of the first firing will be repeated 70 on the second
apparatus, namely, the condenser 39 which has previously been charged
via resistance 30 is now discharged through the tube 26 This discharge
actuates a relay 40 which closes a contact 41 and also 75 completes
the circuit for relay 42 Of the contacts 43, 44, 45 of the latter
relay 42, the contact 43 closes the hold-on circuit of the relay 42,
contact 44 interrupts the discharge of the condenser 39, and contact
45 closes 80 the control circuit for the signal indicator 46, e g,
corresponding to the means 8, Fig 1.
Apart from signal indicator 46, the contact may also actuate a
suitable operating apparatus, e g, may control, after a suitable 85
delay, the application of the brakes of the train.
In order to re-set the complete train apparatus in the condition for
repeating the operating cycle previously described, it is 90 necessary
only to break the supply circuit momentarily by opening the re-setting
switch 27, and this will release all relays and will set the apparatus
ready for functioning once again 95The object of the detector
supervisory signal device 9 is to indicate any functioning failure of
the apparatus due to the failure of the voltage on cable 24 to which
said signal device is connected; such voltage 100 failure can be
caused by a breakdown of the oscillator 3 or of the detector 5.
In such conditions, the condenser 55, inserted between the feed line
49 and the thyratron cathode 57, through a high-value 105 resistor 56
causes the thyratron 48 to be fired intermittently and the relay 50,
connected in series with the thyratron anode 58, intermittently
operates the supervising indicator 51, which may be an optical or an
110 acoustic indicator 59 is a prfotection resistor in the connection
from the cathode of the thyratron to the positive high tension source,
and 60 is a grid protection resistor The variable resistor 61 allows
of a control of the 115 frequency of firing of the thyratron.
In Fig 7 a practical realisation of the dipole 4 is shown, which is
energised by a concentric conductor clement 20 a, 20 b of the anode
and grid respectively of a thermi 120 onic generator and inductively
coupled to a winding 20 c which is connected to the centre of the
component 4.
The device can also be used for giving occasional and temporary
warnings, that is 125 by means of mobile unenergised components which
can be placed in position at will for the object of signalling a
warning that a gang of workmen is at work, of interruptions or of
obstructions along the line, or for any 130 through a transformer 20.
The mobile resonant component 4 is tightly coupled to the detector

circuit by a transformer coupling 21 This latter cicuit consists, as
shown in the example, of a rectifier 22 preferably of the crystal
type, a condenser 23 and suitable impedances through which high
frequency current present in component 4 is rectified The rectified
voltage supplied by the rectifier unit is fed by means of a conductor
24 to the amplifier and signal device control apparatus 6 The
conductor 24 is connected to the control grid of a tetrode gas tube or
thyratron 26 energised by the mains 17 via a re-setting switch 27 The
thyratron 26 operates sequentially appropriate combinations for the
various signalling or control relays The thyratron 26 is suitably
biased by means of a variable resistance 28 which is adjusted so as to
prevent the thyratron from being triggered from its rest condition
until and when the grid voltage -supplied by the conductor 24 has
reached the required normal value due to the excitation of the
component 4 Triggering of the thyratron tube 26 is obtained when the
grid voltage becomes less negative than a certain pre-arranged value,
that is at the instant a rise in the rectified positive voltage is
obtained from the detector This rise is due to the presence of the
fixed resonant component 15 being electromagnetically coupled to the
mobile resonant component 4.
In such conditions the impedance value of the member 21 to which the
crystal is coupled, becomes smaller and thus the current in said
crystal rises and a disturbance is obtained on the grid of the
thyratron 26 which then fires.
At the instance of firing, a condenser 29, previously charged from the
high tension line 17 via resistance 30, is discharged through the
valve 26 and the discharge current passes through the winding of relay
31 which is inserted in the discharge circuit of said condenser 29 The
operation of the relay 31 closes the contact 32 for a brief instant,
and said contact closes the energising circuit of a second relay 33 so
that the multiple contacts 34, 35, 36 of relay 33 carry out the
operations set forth below.
The contact 34 holds relay 33 operated; the change-over contact 35
interrupts the discharge of the condenser 29 through the thyratron 26
and transfers the latter on to a second apparatus similar to the
elements 29, 31, 32, 34 and 35 and the contact 36 closes the control
circuit for the warning signal or deferred alarm 37, i e, a lamp
corresponding to the means 7 in Fig 1 The described warning device can
be operated, for example, every time the train with the energised
component passes an unenergised component.
When the thyratron 26 is re-operated for the second time-e g, by a
resonant com784,636 784,636 other use whatsoever.
It is to be understood that the drawings which are shown in schematic
diagram form are for explanatory purpose only and illustrate a

practical embodiment of the invention, and said embodiment could be
modified without departing from the scope of the invention as defined
in the appended claims.
For example, a plurality of energised cornmI O ponents may be operated
in series or in parallel, and a single energised element can control
more than one detector, and one detector can control more than one
signal device, and can effect the motion of stoppage of a train by
actuating remote control means.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784637 (A)
Description: GB784637 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Process for the manufacture of glossy, matt or patterned surfaces on carrier
webs
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE531157 (A) CH331230 (A) FR1106823 (A)
BE531157 (A) CH331230 (A) FR1106823 (A) less

784,637 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Aug 19,
1954.
Application made in Germany on Aug 19, 1953.
No 24200/54.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 93, D( 1 C:2 C); 96, A 2, A 7 B( 1:9), B(
3 A:4 r 19)9 and 1405 E 1 (A,'H).
International Classification:-E 41 m, D 21 f, g, h.
Process for the Manufacture of Glossy, Matt or Patterned Surfaces on
Carrier Webs We, BUNTPAPIERFABRIK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Body Corporate
recognised under German law, of Aschaffenburg a Main, Germany, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the production of glossy, matt or patterned
surfaces on webs or sheets, especially paper.
The hitherto known, so-called gelatin papers are made by first coating
the paper twice with gelatin and pigment, superimposing another coat
of pure gelatin, drying the paper, soaking it in a hardening bath and
then flattening it out on a sheet of glass rubbed in known manner with
a wax-andoil compound The paper then dries on the glass, and when it
has dried the contraction of the gelatin coat detaches the paper
automatically and without difficulty from the glass The surface of
such a paper has a mirror gloss, being a replica of the smooth surface
of the sheet of glass This process for the manufacture of gelatinised
papers has been adapted to the production of highgloss photographic
prints Fundamentally, the process is the same The wet, developed
prints having a surface coating of gelatin are placed on sheets of
glass or preferably on highly polished metal sheets and dried with the
application of pressure and heat When dry, the prints come off the
sheet in a highly glazed form, the glazed surface being also in this
case a replica of the highly polished metal surface.
This process has been further developed in the United States of
America to the so-called Kromkote process according to which paper
provided with a coat of paint is placed in the wet state on large,
highly polished metal cylinders and then dried on them The paper so
produced contains an additive which promotes the separation of the
paper from the cylinder or, as is the case with gelatin paper, lPrice
3/6 l the cylinder is treated with a special compound promoting the
separation These papers likewise have a high gloss being a replica of
the surfaces from which they have 50 been pulled off.

However, gelatin papers have so far been manufactured in certain sizes
only The same applies to high-gloss photographic papers.
The great advantage offered by the Krom 55 kote process is the fact
that it is now possible to manufacture high-gloss paper in reels
However, its performance requires extensive plant as it involves the
use of large, costly, highly polished cylinders provided 60 with
heating means With the Kromkote process the drying temperature all
over the cylinder surface must, in general, be practically uniform.
It is an object of the present invention to 65 enable high-gloss
papers of this kind to be made more economically and without the
necessity of employing expensive, highly polished cylinders.
The present invention provides a process 70 for the production of
coated webs or sheets, especially paper, having glossy, matt, or
patterned surfaces wherein the web or sheet provided with a coating,
the major constituent of which is pigment, is brought into 75 contact
in the wet state with a material having a glossy, matt, or patterned
surface selected from the group of film-forming cellulosic derivatives
and polymeric vinyl compounds repellent to the coating from which, 80
after drying, the web or sheet together with the coating can be pulled
off without leaving any residual matter behind.
The material may be in the form of foils, or else as synthetic coats
applied with a high 85 gloss to bases of any desired kind, for example
steel tape or metal tape or paper webs, by brushing The material in
conjunction with an aqueous pigment enables the coated web containing
coating compound 9 G to be pulled off the material without leaving any
traces of the pigment conA Prce 4 S 6 d.
784,637 taining coating on the material As a result of an extensive
series of experiments a variety of suitable materials have been found
which, on the one hand, produce the desired high gloss, and on the
other hand, satisfy the condition that the coated paper can be pulled
off them or detache S itself fromin them without leaving any trace
behind and assumes the mirror gloss of the material.
The present invention has the following important advantages resulting
from the discovery that certain materials detach themselves from the
coated surfaces of the paper or other suitable bases without any
special preparation The preparation of the glossy surface, such as has
hitherto been necessary for the manufacture of gelatin paper, can now
be dispensed with, as can the preparation of the cylinders as has been
described for the Kromrnkote process: nor is the use of separating
additives to the coating compound needed in the present case
Furthermore, the surface makes it possible to control the drying
processes within different temperature ranges, since it is used in the
form of a long endless or cut belt It is thus possible, for example,
to start of, with a slow rate of heating, then to pass the paper

through a hot zone and finally to conduct the paper thlroughl cooling
zones before it is separated from the foil, which enables the overall
drying process to be controlled at will, and this has hitherto not
been possible with the known cylinder-glazing process At the same
time, the drying time can be considerably extended because there is no
difficulty in producing long belts, whereas increasing the cylinder
surface in the known process would involve considerable cost Generally
speaking the drying may be carried out under milder conditions and at
lower temperatures than with the cylinder which necessarily limits the
drying time; this reduces damage to the paper, the sheets flatten out
more readily and there is less tendency of the paper to curl, etc.
The invention is explained with reference to the accompanying drawings
in vlwhich Figs.
i and 2 show a schematic representation of the performance of the
present process.
A foil 3 of cellulose acetobutyrate passes bevtween two rollers 1, 2
(Fig el) arranged at an adjustable distance from each other to a
drying channel 4 and thence returns over a guide roller 5 to the
rollers 1, 2 Between these two rollers also passes the paper web 6 to
be coated, said web being pulled off a magazine reel 7 and travelling
over the deflectors 8 9 The aforesaid foil can be used as such, or it
may be superposed on a carrier, such as a web of paper or a metal
tape.
In the areas where the foil and the paper make contact there is always
an excess of coating compound 10 present This compound has a
composition conventionally used by the paper-coating industry, being a
mixture of inorganic pigments, preferably barium sulphate china clay
satin white, titanium dioxide and similar products, bonded with
casein, glue or synthetic resin dispersions, and admixed with
hardening 70 agents It will be understood that instead of white
coating compounds coloured compounds may be used The weight of the
coat is determined by the distance between rollers I and 2 which is
suitably adjusted by means 75 of micrometer screws M On passing
through between the rollers 1, 2, the paper is squeezed dowvn on the
foil with the aid of the coating compound, passes together with the
foil belt through the drying channel 4 or 80 over a suspension drier,
and there is dried in the desired manner After passing through the
drying zone, and advantageously subsequently through a cooling zone,
the coated paper canll be detached from the foil without 85 difficulty
No residual matter remains behind on thie foil itself and, as shown in
the drawingl, it can either be pulled continuously forward to the
coating station or it may be reeled on a separate de;ice for future
re-90 use.
Fig 2 represents the end of the dry ing channel After having passed

the drving and cooling zones, the foil, together with the paper
reaches a pair of conveyor rollers 1 1, 95 12 vwhere the coated web of
paper can be detached from the foil without difficulty The foil is
pulled off over the deflector rollers 13 and is returned over the
guide roller 5 to the coating station (rollers 1, 2) whereas the 100
coated web of paper 14 is returned over the guide roller 15 to the
storage reel 16 It will be understood that, alternatively the foil can
be reeled on a second roller in case it is impossible to return it on
the same machine 105 Compared with cylinders or polished surfaces or
even with iliighly polished metal tapes, such as are k-nown from finlm
casting miachines, thie new process has the further advantage that the
surface used can be re 110 generated If, for example, the surface
should becomine matt or dull owing to some wear or damage or other the
material can be washed off the bare for example, a metal tape by means
of a suitable solvent, and the 115 metal tape etc, caa then be coated
or varnishled again with the suitable miaterial The simplicity and
ine:pensiveness of the present process thus constitute one of its
outstanding advantages 120 The suitable materials are those which can
be so processed as to yield a sufficiently smooth and highly glossy
surface Preferred materials are those which automatically produce such
a smooth and highly glossy 125 surface by forming a film for example
from a melt solution or dispersion As examples of such materials there
may be mentioned cellulose derivatives such as cellulose ethers.
for example, minethyl cellulose and benzyl 130 784,637 cellulose, and
cellulose esters, for example, cellulose acetate, cellulose
acetobutyrate, or cellulose nitrates, furthermore polymers, especially
polymers of vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride and
polyacrylates.
For the technical performance of the process it is most advantageous
to varnish or prepare metal tapes with the suitable materials and to
use the tapes so treated for the coating operation, whereby the
process can be conducted continuously The coating for the bases to be
coated, for instance, consists of a pigment, such as clays, barium
sulphate, satin white and titan dioxide or a mixture thereof dispersed
in an aqueous solution of a binding agent for the pigments, such as
casein, ammonia and waxes, if desired with the addition of a synthetic
resin dispersion.
Instead of the mentioned aqueous slurry of the pigment one may also
use the above mentioned dry pigments dispersed in an organic solvent,
such as ethyl acetate and benzene, which also contains a binding
agent, such as a synthetic resin.
Apart from paper, various other bases, such as textiles, plastics or
all those which are customarily coated, can be coated according to the
present process It has been observed that the process yielding a

replica of a surface can be applied also even if the surface as such
does not possess a high gloss, but is semi-matt or matt; in such a
case the surface of the coating is likewise semi-matt or matt, and
even in such a case it is still possible to obtain a fully continuous
and smooth surface of a quality such as can otherwise be produced on
pagers only with high-grade calenders Thus, a printing surface of
extreme perfection is obtain which can be either highly glossy,
semi-glossy or semi-matt.
Carrying these observations further, experiments have been conducted
also with diestamped foils In this case a die-stamping effect,
inverted, is produced on the coating, and the coated material can
still be pulled off the surface with extreme ease In this manner
advertising, ornamental or other effects can be produced in one and
the same operation.
It will be readily understood that compared with the various further
improving methods hitherto performed on coated surfaces, more
particularly current in the paper industry, the present process is a
considerable advance of the art, since the calendering, glazing,
brushing, graining, die-stamping and all the other processing
operations can now be entirely dispensed with.
The important feature in the performance of the present process is
always that the coating composition to be used for coating paper or
other materials must have no affinity for the material to be used in
the process It has been observed that a tendency of the material to
swell in the coating compound would likewise have unfavourable
results.
Experiments have also been conducted to ascertain whether it is
possible to use nonaqueous coating compounds for coating 70 bases by
the new process, and it has been observed that solvent-based coating
compounds are likewise suitable, provided that there is no undesirable
affinity between the material and the coating compound In this 75
connection it must be ensured, of course, that the solvent of the
coating compound does not attack the belt A typical example is the
application of varnishes containing acetylcellulose on webs or the use
of coatings 80 bound with acetylcellulose lacquers; in such cases it
has been found advantageous to use polyvinyl chloride belts After the
coating operation the acetylcellulose-bound material can be removed
from the polyvinyl chloride 85 belt without any difficulty
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