-

1. * GB785053 (A)
Description: GB785053 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to the production of alkylene oxide polymers
Description of GB785053 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
(
Po EATEGN c W al Dc ATIDO S Tnwontors: EDWARD TEGGIN BORROWS and DAVID
GORDONSTEWART
Date of filing Complete Specification Dec 30, 1955.
Application Date Feb 4, 1955.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
785,05 t No 3455/55 Index at Acceptance:-Class 2 ( 5), R 27 K 2 C( 9:
10: 12), R 27 K 2 F.
International Classification: -C 08 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to the Production of Alkylene Oxide
Polymers We, PETROCHEMICALS LIMITED, a British Company, of 170,
Piccadilly, London, W 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be grantedto us, and the method by which it is

2. to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the production of alkylene oxide polymers
and is particularly but not exclusively applicable to the production
of ethylene oxide polymers and propylene oxide polymers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
process for the production of polymers of aikylene oxides and
particularly polymers of high molecular weight.
According to the present invention a process for the production of
alkylene oxide polymers comprises bringing an alkylene oxide into
contact with a polymerisation catalyst of the general formula:w i Me
Me(OR) wherein Me is a metal selected from Groups II and III of the
Periodic Table, OR is an alkoxy radical, and x is the valency of the
metal Me.
The preferred catalysts for use in the process of the present
invention are the allkoxides of aluminium, zinc and magnesium Other
Group II and III metals, such as scandium, gallium, indium and
thallium may also be used in the process of the present invention but
their higher cost generally precludes their wide employment The
alkoxides can be derived from primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols.
The polymerisation reaction of the present invention may be carried
out in the presence of a solvent, e g an aromatic or an aliphatic
hydrocarbon, a chlorinated hydrocarbon or an ether, or without a
solvent; and the reaction time may vary from a few hours to several
days The temperature at which the reaction is carried out can be
between 0 C and 2000 C or higher, and the pressure under which the
reaction is carried out can be from atmospheric to 40 atmospheres or
higher The choice of catalyst and temperature at which the reaction is
carried out are an effective 50 means of controlling the viscosity of
the resulting polymer.
In carrying out the process of the present invention the alkylene
oxide is generally added to the catalyst or more conevniently to a
solu 55 tion of the catalyst in e g benzene, but the addition may be
in the reverse order if desired The resulting mixture is then allowed
to reach, or if necessary is heated to, the desired reaction
tempeiature at which it is maintained for 60 the required time,
usually with constant or intermittent stirring In some cases external
cooling may be necessary to remove excess heat of reaction in the
initial stages The reaction is exothermic, but the reaction mix 65
ture can, if necessary, be heated to ensure completion Preferably the
reaction is carried out under pressure in an autoclave.
At the end of the reaction, the excess oxide is recovered by
distillation or by distillation 70 combined with precipitation by
means of a suitable non-solvent, e g a paraffinic solvent, and the

3. resulting polymeric product purified by washing with a liquid (e g an
aliphatic hydrocarbon) in which the polymer is insol 75 uble, or by
dissolving the polymeric product in a solvent and slowly precipitating
the polymer by the addition of a liquid which is a non solvent for the
polymer but which is miscible with the original solvent Concentration
of 80 the filtrate from this latter operation usually yields low
molecular weight oils, the amount of which depends on the catalyst
used.
The polymer may be freed from catalyst by dissolving in water,
preferably water contain 85 ing a small amount of ammonium hydroxide,
filtering off metal hydroxide and evaporating the solution, or if
insoluble in water, by extraction with a dilute mineral acid.
The polymers produced by the process of 9 Q 785,053 the present
invention are yaluable as thicken: ing agents The high molecular
weight polymers from ethylene oxide may be processed into thin water
soluble films.
The following examples illustrate the process of the present invention
The parts are parts by welght unless otherwise stated: EXAMPLE 1
Gaseous ethylene oxide -( 88 7 parts) was added to a solution of
aluminium n-butoxide ( 0.5 parts) in benzene ( 88 parts) After
maintaining the mixture at 20 C for 10 days, the excess ethylene oxide
was distilled off and the resulting benzene solution was then added
slowly to petroleum ether ( 100 parts) with stirring -A colourless
solid ( 3 5 parts) was precipitated and was filtered off and dried The
relative viscosity (fr) of this polymer in 0 1 %trichl oroethylene
solution was 1 468 Concentration of the filti ate gave no other
product.
The solidcwas dissolved in water ( 500 parts, containing 1 part of
concentrated ammonia) and refluxed for two hours A white precipitate
of inorganic material was obtained, which was filtered off The polymer
which was recovered from the aqueous solution by disllng off the
water, was dissolved in benzene and precipitated with petroleum as
described above The intrinsic viscosity of the polymer was 2 844.
X EXAMPLE 2
Liquid ethylene oxide ( 88 7 parts) was rapidly run into a cooled
solution of aluminium n-butoxide ( 0 5 parts) in benzene ( 8 8 parts):
in an autoclave which was then heated at 100 C for 65 hours The pro=
-duct was diluted with benzene ( 100 parts), excess ethylene oxide
distilled off and the resulting solution precipitated with petroleum
ether as described in Example 1 A colourless solid ( 16 parts), of
nir= 1 148, was obtained and concentration of the filtrate yielded an
Qily residue ( 2 7 parts).
e EXAMPLE 3
Using the procedure described in Example 2, a mixture of ethylene

4. oxide ( 88 1 parts), benzene ( 8 8 parts) and aluminium iso-propoxide
( 0 7 parts) was heated at 100 C for hours A colourless polymer ( 31 4
parts), of /r= 1 228, and an oily residue ( 1 6 parts) were obtained _
EXAMPLE 4 : Following the procedure described in Example 2, a mixture
of ethylene oxide ( 88 7 parts), benzene ( 8 8 parts) and magnesium
tert-butoxide ( 05 parts) was heated at 107 C for 17 hours A
colourless polymer ( 8 4 parts), of r 1 3311, and an oily residue ( 2
0 parts) were obtained.
EXAMPLE 5
Following the procedure described in Example' 2, 'amixtire of ethylene
oxide ( 88 7 parts), benzene ( 8 8 parts) and zinc kertbutoxide ( 0 5
parts), was heated at 100 C.
for 16 hours A colourless polymer ( 3 8 parts), of /r= 1 5132, and an
oily residue ( 0 8 parts) were obtained.
EXAMPLE 6
A mixture of 1,2-propylene oxide ( 80 parts) and aluminium
tert-butoxide ( 0 5 parts) was 70 heated in an autoclave at 130 C for
40 hours.
After removing excess oxide from the product by distillation, the
polymeric product was extracted with hot dilute hydrochloric acid, and
then dried A colourless solid ( 5 0 parts), 75 of r= 1 3574, was
obtained which was soluble in most organic solvents but insoluble in
water.
The polymers produced as described above have molecular weights above
20,000 as deter 80 mined by intrinsic viscosity measurements of
solutions thereof A sample of known molecular weight of 20,000 having
an intrinsic viscosity of 0 5 in solution was used as a basis fot
comparison 85
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* GB785054 (A)
Description: GB785054 (A) ? 1957-10-23

5. An improved device for measuring distance along a line on a map, or the like
Description of GB785054 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
An improved Device for Measuring Distance along a Line on a
Map, or the alike
We, TBAIZ LIMITED, a British Company, of 2, Broad Street Place,
London, E.C.2,
England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to devices for measuring distance along a line
on a map, chart, graph or the like, and has for an object to provide a
device which is both compact and capable of directly indicating long
distances.
The invention may be broadly defined as a device for measuring
distance along a line on a map, chart, graph or the like (hereinafter,
for convenience, termed a map measurer) wherein a plurality of drums
are rotatably enclosed end-to-end in a rigid holder, such as a tubular
housing, in one end of which is journalled a maD-engaging wheel geared
to the adjacent drum whilst the pairs of adjacent drums are
interconnected by lost-motion couplings whereby the second drum of a
pair is picked up and rotated by the first drum only after a
predetermined angular rotation of the latter, each drum bearing on its
cylindrical surface calibration or scale markings adapted to register
with a window or slit in the holder.
Preferably, the drums carry numerals, on the decimal scale, which
successively register with the window or slit in the holder, thus
giving a direct reading of distance. Alternatively, however, each drum
may carry an oblique line around its circumference to register with a
scale or scales engraved along the window or slit. This latter
arrangement enables one device to be used for maps of different
scalese.g. 2" and 1" to the mile.
Conveniently, the abutting ends of the drums have narrow, short
projections extending in the axial direction from their
circumferential surfaces, each located with respect to the
calibrations on the respective drums so that, as the first drum of a
pair moves from the ninth to the tenth digit position, its projection
engages that on the adjacent drum and moves it from the zero to the

6. succeeding digit position.
Alternative practical embodiments of the invention will now be
particularly described by way of example only with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a general elevation of an instrument according to the
invention;
Figure 2 is a part-sectional elevation, to a larger scale, of one
arrangement of drums;
Figure 3 is a section on the line III--III of
Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an axial section through a drum showing an alternative
construction to that of Figure 1;
-fi;igure 5 is an axial section through a modified construction of
instrument;
Figure 6 is an elevation - of a two-drum assembly having an
alternative transfer mechanism to that of Figure 2;
Figure 7 is a part-sectional elevation similar to Figure 2 of the
alternative shown in
Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a fragmentary view of an alternative drive from the map
wheel;
Figures 9 and 10 are fragmentary elevation and plan views,
respectively, of another form of transfer mechanism, and
Figure 11 is an elevation of a modified construction.
Referring first to Figures 1-4, a map measuring device comprises a
tubular holder 1 of about the same proportions as an ordinary fountain
pen. That portion 2 of the holder which corresponds to thenib section
of a pen has a transverse slot 3 through its end through which
projects a part of the circumference of a knurled, toothed or serrated
map wheel 4 journalled on a transverse pin 5. If the wheel 4 itself is
toothed, it may mesh with an elongated pinion - (not shown) carried
within the holder on an axis parallel to the pin 5. If, however, the
wheel is knurled or serrated-or
even, as shown, has a double-coned circumfer
ence-then a gear wheel 6 is mounted beside
the map wheel 4 and fixed thereto for rotation
in unison with the wheel as it traverses the
map surface. The gear 6 meshes with a
similar gear 7 on a shaft 8 parallel with the
shaft 5 and carrying a drum driving pinion 9.
Within the holder is a series of relatively
short cylindrical drums 10 mounted end to
end, the centres of their mutually abutting end
surfaces being domed at 11 so that only the

7. very small areas of the crests of the domes 11 -are in physical
contact, thus reducing to a
minimum the frictional drag between drums.
At each end of a drum 10 is a short projec
tion or nib 12, the two nibs being aligned on
a generatrix of the cylindrical surface of the
drum. -The length of a nib is slightly less than
the distance between the circumferential edges
of the adjacent drums 10 to avoid undesirable
frictional drag-between thenib 12 and the
end surface of the drum.
- The cylindrical surface -of each drum 10
carries 10 numerals-O-9; 10-19; 20-29,
and so on, respectivelyequally spaced on a
circumferential zone, there being as many
drums as the desired maximum distance to bey
vindicated. The lowest order drum, carrying
the- lowest series of numerals, ls mounted
nearest the map wheel 4, - the - others being
mounted above it in the order of their numeral
calibrations. The lowest -drum 10 is prefer
ably positively coupled to a contrate wheel 13
driven by the gearing 6, 7, 9 fromsthe map
wheel 4. All the drums 10 are both positively located axially - and
frictionally restrained
against inadvertent rotation by springs (not
shown) or by grub screws 14 threaded through
the wall of the tubular-housing 1 and engag
ing at their tips in -circumferential grooves 15
near one end of each drum. Rotation of a
drum can thus only e effected by- positive
drive -from - the map wheel 4 or from the
adjacent~ lower order ~drum through inter
engagement of the nibs 12.
~ The distance measured is read through
whichever of the windows 28 aligned along a
generatrix of the holder wall shows the
highest -order calibration other than zero, the
indications visible through the lower order
windows being; -ignored. Thus, ~47 miles
measured on the map is indicated in the fourth
-window, whilst 9 miles is indicated in the first
window. In both cases, higher order windows
show 0, whilst in the case of 47 miles

8. measured all lower order windows show their
respective- seventh calibration numerals.
In order to facilitate resetting of the instru
ment to zero, a knurled cap or ring 16 is rotat
ably mounted on the end of the tubular holder
1 remote from the map wheel 4. The ring is
captive in the upper-end of the holder 1, and
is axially slidable against a biasing spring 17,
which is located between the ring 16 and the
highest order drum 10. In its normal posi
tion, it is locked against rotation by engage
ment of a pin 18 in the holder with a slot 19
in a skirt 20 of the ring. When the ring 16 is
depressed, this locking pin 18 moves out of
the slot 19 into a circumferential groove 21 in
the skirt 20 (dotted lines in Figure 2). At the
same time, a resilient detent 22 locked in a
central recess 23 in the ring moves down into
the path of a radial pin 24 on the upper end
of a central resetting rod 25, so that as the
depressed ring 16 is rotated, the detent picks
up the pin 24 and rotates the rod 25 with the
ring The latter end of the rod 25 is clamped
in the contrate wheel 13, so 'that rotation
thereof through the rod 25 by the depressed
ring 16 eventually returns all the drums 10 to
zero.
An alternative zeroising drive is shown in
Figure 5 in which the ring 16 also has a nib
12 located internally of the housing 1 to
engage the upper nib 12 on the topmost drum
10. By rotating this ring 16 backwards all
the- drums 10can be returned to zero.
- - 1n -Figure t the- map wheel 4 and its associated gearing 6, 7, 9
is mounted in an
internal sleeve 26 which can slide within the
housing 1 sufficiently to bring the pinion 9
into or out of mesh with the contrate wheel -13, this sleeve 26 being
biased by a light spring
27 to the out-of-mesh position, so that the
zeroising effort on the knurled ring or cap 16
is relieved of the frictional drag of the gearing
6, 7, 9. The pressure necessary to cause the
map wheel 4 to move without slipping over

9. the map surface is sufficient to cause re-mesh
ing of the pinion 9 with the contrate wheel 13.
The calibrated zone of each drum is prefer
ably slightly recessed at-l0a to reduce fric
tional drag in the holder 1 and to prevent
wearing off of the calibrations during use of
the device. - The holder l-described above is made~ of an opaque
material and has the
windows 28 - cut in its wall. Alternatively,
the holder 1 may be of a transparent material, -all but the window
areas of which is rendered
opaque.
In the modification shown in Figures 6 and
7, each pair of adjacent rotary drums 10 are
separated by a fixed cylindrical spacer 29,
which is a press fit within the tubular holder 1,
and whose~ circumference is recessed at one
point 30 to accommodate a star wheel 31 hav
ing, say, four teeth 32 of equal height and dis
posed at right angles to each other. This star
wheel 31 is journalled on a pin 33 extending
diagrammatically across the spacer 29, and the
tips of its teeth 32 sweep a circle of greater
diameter than the axial thickness of the spacer
29 and symmetrically centred with respect
thereto. Thus, at a given stage of the rota
tion of the star wheel 31, any one tooth 32 will
project above or below one or other end face
of the spacer by the same amount as any other
tooth, as indicated in chain lines 321 in
Figure 9.
Considering the holder 1 in its vertical position with the map wheel 4
resting on a map surface, the underside of each drum 10 is toothed,
there being preferably 10 or 20 teeth 12 or 13 (units drum) arranged
around the circumference thereof. The teeth project in a generally
axial direction. The upper surface of each drum-with the possible
exception of the uppermost-has a pin 12a projecting in the axial
direction at a point close to the periphery of the drum. This pin is
dimerisioned and located so as to strike a tooth 32 of the star wheel
31 above it and carry it round through substantially 90" as the pin
12a moves past the wheel 31.
While a tooth 32 of the star wheel is being thus driven, the
diametrically opposite tooth engages a tooth gap on the underside of
the next higher order drum 10 and steps the latter round by one tooth

10. pitch-i.e. one tenth or one twentieth of a complete revolution,
depending on the number of teeth 12 on the drum. The star wheel 31
thus acts as a transfer mechanism for advancing a higher order drum
stepwise. The assembly thus constitutes a decimal system counter, the
drum 10 nearest the may wheel 4 being the units drum.
In order to ensure minimum friction between the drums 10 and spacers
29, each has a central boss 11, 34, respectively, to engage the other
on the axis of the tubular holder 1.- Such bosses also serve to
control the depth of mesh of the driving pin 12a on a drum 10 with the
star wheel 31, and of the star wheel 31 with the teeth 12 on a higher
order drum.
Resetting to zero is achieved by means of a central rod 25 which is
both axially slidable and rotatable in the spacers 29 and which
extends through the whole assembly. By pulling the rod out, or pushing
it in, against spring pressure, pegs or like projections thereon (not
shown) are brought into engagement with arcuate recesses in the
numeral drums, and rotation of the rod 25 picks up each drum and
rotates it back to zero.
The units drum is preferably driven step wise through a mutilated gear
9a on the map wheel spindle 5, although a bevel gear drive may be used
if preferred. It is also preferred to mount the map wheel 4 externally
of the tubular holder 1 so that its spindle 5 extends diametrically
across the holder below the units drum. In order to lock the units
drum after each successive increment of rotation, it is preferred to
select the diameter and position of the mutilated gear 9a so that two
adjacent teeth 13 on the drum straddle and rest against the
circumference of the mutilated gear (see
Figure 6), in the manner of a Geneva clock escapement. The mutilated
gear 9a is then notched at 35 radially inwards from its circumference
immediately behind l-he or each driving tooth to permit clearance of
the tip
of the next operative tooth 13.
As shown in Figure 8, the driving tooth on the mutilated gear 9a may
be constituted by the leading end of a leaf spring 36 which wraps
around a portion of the circumference of the mutilated gear and is
anchored thereto at its trailing end 37. The circumference is
preferably relieved over the portion occupied by the spring 36 and the
leading end of the latter is preferably bent inwards at 38 to rest in
a clearance slot 39. The spring 36 is given a radially outward set so
that this leading end 38 normally stands proud of the circumference of
the mutilated gear 9a to act as a pawl when it engages the trailing
tooth of a pair straddling the gear. When, however, the gear has
rotated through a sufficient angle to advance the units drum by one
calibration, the next succeeding trailing tooth on the drum strikes

11. the smooth circumference of the mutilated gear and prevents further
drum rotation. Continued rotation of the mutilated gear causes the
leading end 38 of the leaf spring 36 to ride down the flank of the
previously driven tooth 13 so as to pass beneath the tip thereof. The
units drum is now again locked until the pawl 38 engages the now
trailing tooth.
A similar arrangement (see Figures 9 and 10) may be adopted for the
transfer drive through the star wheel 31, except that the leaf spring
40 is now generally fiat, but of arcuate shape in plan to fit into a
hollow partcircumferential recess 41 on the upper end of the lower
order drum of the pair. The parts are arranged so that two teeth 32 of
the star wheel 31 simultaneously rest on the plane end surface of the
lower drum so that the rotation of the star wheel is positively
prevented until the clearance recess 41 immediately in advance of the
spring pawl end 42 is brought beneath the trailing tooth 12 and the
latter is engaged by the proud leading or pawl end 42 of the arcuate
leak spring 40. This end 42 is later depressed, as before, by riding
down the flank of the lately driven tooth 12 when the star wheel 31 is
locked by the engagement of the next succeeding tooth 12 with the end
surface of the lower order drum 10.
By doubling the number of teeth on the gear 9 or the mutilated gear
9a, the size of the map wheel 4 can be doubled for the same scale of
the drum calibrations.
In a further modified arrangement, shown in Figure 11, the drums 10
each have an oblique line 43 drawn from one end to the other of the
circumferential calibration zone at a constant angle to a generatrix
of the cylindrical surface of the drum. The edge of each window 28 is
calibrated at 44, 45 in the appropriate units of distance, or
alternatively each window is longitudinally bisected by a hair line
carrying the appropriate scale markings.
The distance measured by the map wheel 4 is then read off at the
intersection of the oblique line 43 with this hair line.
The drums 10 may be of any suitable
material--wooa, pIastic, light alloy-and may be solid or hollow as
preferred. Figures 1 and
7 show constructions suitable for wood or plastic drums- 10, whilst
Figure 4 shows a con -struction suitable for metal drums.
Where the same instrument is used on maps having different scales,-the
readings must be multiplied by a factor depending on the change of
scale-for example if the instrument is calibrated for maps having a
scale of
1" to the mile, readings must be multiplied by four when it is used on
x" to the mile maps.
Alteinatively the map wheel 4 may be inter

12. changeable with wheels of different diameters in order to accommodate
changes of scale of the map, and its periphery may be calibrated in
fractions of the unit of distance indicated
by the drums 10. Thus, as the scale of the map increases, the diameter
of the map wheel 4 must be reduced in proportion.
What -we claim is
1. A map measurer comprising a series of drums enclosed end-to-end in
a rigid holder in one end of which is journalled a mapengaging wheel;
a drive between the wheel and the adjacent drum; and lost-motion
connections between pairs of adjacent drums whereby the second drum of
a pair is picked up and rotated by the first drum only after a
predetermined angle of rotation of the latter, each drum bearing on
its cylindrical surface a scale or calibration mark- adapted to
register with and be viewed through a window aper
ture in the holder for indicating length or dis
tance on the map.
2. A map measurer according to Claim 1 wherein each drum has a narrow
short projection extending in the axial direction from an end thereof
adjacent the circumference of the drum for transmitting the drive
derived from the map wheel to the next adjacent drum.
3. A map measurer according to Claim 2 wherein a pair of adjacent
drums have similar interengageable projections on their adjacent ends
each located with respect to the calibration mark or marks on its
associated drum so
that interengagement occurs as the driving
drum reaches its angular position of maximum
indication while the driven drum is still in its
zero position.
4. A map measurer according to Claim 2
wherein each drum has a number (say, ten) of
discrete angular positions for stepwise indi
cation of length or distance, and each drum
except the last or highest order drum in the
series-is at its end adjacent the next higher - order drum provided
with a single projection
whilst the said higher order drum has
uniformly spaced projections equal in number
to the number of the -discrete angular posi
tions thereof, and a transfer element is inter
posed between the drums to simultaneously
engage projections on both drums and trans
mit to the driven drum an increment of rota--non on each engagement by
the projection on
the driving drum.

13. 5. A map measurer according to Claim 4
wherein the transfer element is constituted by
a star wheel journalled on a fixed axis extend
ing diametrally of the cylindrical surfaces of
the drums.
6. A map measurer according to any pre
ceding claim wherein each drum is lightly
restrained against random rotation in the
holder.
7. A map measurer according to any pre
ceding claim wherein each drum is axially
located by means of an inward projection on
the holder which is engaged in a circumferen
tial groove in the drum.
8. A map measurer according to any pre
ceding claim wherein means is provided for
manually resetting the drums to their zero
positions.
9. A map measurer substantially as des
cribed with reference to Figures 1S, Figure
5, Figures 6 and 7, Figure 8, Figures 9 and
10; or Figure 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
No. 4185, A.D. 1955.
An improved Device for Measuring Distance along a Line on a
Map, or the like
We, TIDAL LIMITED, a British Company, of 2, Broad Street Place,
London, E.C.2,
England, do hereby declare this invention to be described in the
following statement: -
This invention relates to devices for measur ing distance along a line
on a map, chart, graph or the Iike, and has for an object to provide a
device which is both compact and capable of directly indicating long
distances.
The invention may be broadly defined as a
device for measuring distance along a line on a map, chart, graph or
the like wherein a plurality of drums are rotatably enclosed end-to
end in tubular housing in one end of which is journalled a
map-engaging wheel geared to
the adjacent drum whilst the pairs of adjacent drums are
interconnected by lost-motion coup
lings whereby the second drum of a pair is picked up and rotated by
the first drum only

14. after a predetermined angular rotation of the
* GB785055 (A)
Description: GB785055 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Photopolymerisation process
Description of GB785055 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
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US2902421 (A)
US2902421 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
&
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 1, 1956.
Application Date: Feb18, 1955 No 4857/55.
' Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 6), P 2 D 1 A, P 2 K( 4: 7: 8), P 2 P(
2 X: 3: 5: 6 C), P 4 D 3 B 1, P 4 K( 2: 7:
8), P 4 P( 2 X: 3: 5: 6 C), P 7 D 2 A 1, P 7 K( 2: 4: 8), P 7 P( 2 X:
3: 5: 6 C), P 8 D( 21 82; 3 A), P 8 K( 2: 4: 7), P 8 P( 2 X: 3: 5: 6
C).
International Classification: CO 08 f.
: XCOMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Photopolymerisation Process We, THE DISTILLERS COMPANY LIMITED, a
British Company, of 12, Torphichen Street, Edinburgh, 3, Scotland, and

15. RONALD GEORGE WREYFORD NORRISH, a British Subject, of the Departmnent
-of Physical Chemistry, Free School Lane, Cambridge, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
The present application relates to the polymerisation of ethylenically
unsaturated organic monomeric compounds In particular it relates to
the production of polymeric material from such compounds by bringing
about their polymerisation by the action of ultra-violet light.
It is known that polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated organic
compounds may be polymerised by-the action of light of a suitable wave
length, particularly ultra-violet light In such polymerisation
reactions the rate of polymerisation and also the length of the
polymer chain produced are dependent on the nature and concentration
of the monomeric material and also on the intensity and wave length of
the light.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the
production of polymeric material by the photopolymerisation of
polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated compounds in which the rate of
polymerisation is increased for a given light intensity of the
appropriate wave length A further object is to provide a new class of
photopolymerisation accelerators for use in such a process
Accordingly, the present invention is a process for the production of
polymeric material which comprises irradiating a polymerisable
ethylenically unsaturated compound with ultra-violet light in the
presence therein of a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon as
photopolymerisation initiator and isolating the polymeric material so
produced The term ultra violet light is employedi m its usual sense to
dnote radiation having a wave-length less than about 4,000 A.
The practical lower limit of the wave length of the radiation used is
governed by the transmitting power of the material from which the
reaction vessels etc are made For instance, soft glass will not
transmit below about 3,500 A, pyrex glass will not transmit below
about 3,000 A, and quartz will not transmit below about 2,000 A Pyrex
is a registered Trade Mark For most purposes radiation having a wave
length beitween about 2,000 A and 4,000 A is suitable.
A wide range of polymeric materials can be produced according to the
process of the present invention It is particularly useful when
applied to the production of polymeric material from polymerisable
ethylenically unsaturated compounds which possess one or more
unsaturated groups having the following structural formula in their
molecules CH 12 = C< Examples of such compounds are vinyl acetate,
styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and butadiene Mixtures of
one or more suitable ethylenically unsaturated compounds may be

16. copolymerised according to the present invention.
The polymerisation of the unsaturated compounds in the process of the
present invention canbe brought about under both homogeneous and
heterogeneous conditions.
By heterogeneous polymerisation conditions is meant polymerisation in
which the reaction mixture consists of -two distinct phases Such
polymerisations are of two types, namely emulsion polymerisations and
suspension polymerisations In emulsion polymerisation the monomer is
dispersed throughout the second phase, which is -usually aqueous, in
the form of a fine emulsion which will not separate out on standing;
the resultant polymeric product is in the form of a colloidal
suspension 185,055 55(often loosely called an emulsion) which has
through suitable windows or the like Ordinary to be coagulated or
"broken" Ibefore the sunlight may be used but it is preferred to use
polymer can be isolated in the solid -form In an artificial source of
ultra-violet light which suspension p Iym isation the moncmei is gives
an, abundance of radiation within the persed throughout the second
phase, which desired wave length range Suitable sources 70 again is
usually water, in the form of discrete are, for example, a mercury
vapour lamp or a particles which have to be maintained in sus carbon
electrode arc lamp It is usually prepension by mechanical means A
polymer pro ferred to screen the light used for the photoduced by a
suspension, prcoess in the form of polymerisation by means of suitable
filters so particles or beads which are isolated directly that only
light having the desired wave length 75 from the reaction mixture-by,
for example, acts upon the polymerisation mixture.
settling, filtration or centrifuging By homo Thep olymerisation
according to the present geneous polymerisation is meant polymerisa
invention may be initiated by using ultra tion in which the reaction
mixture consists violet light containing radiation having a wide
solely of one phase Such polymerisations are range of wave lengths but
in practice it is 80 carried out either on the unsaturated com found
that only a comparatively small portion pound alone, or on a solution
of the-' com-n of the light is, in fact, initiating the polypound in a
suitable inert solvent merisation The actual wave length range of It
should be noted that in all types of poly this desired radiation
depends primarily on merisation according to the present invention the
ultra-violet light absorption of the poly 85 it is important:that any
diluent used in the nucleai aromatig-hydocarbon used as photoprocess,
for instance, either as dispersing polymerisation initiator and, if
possible, it is medium in -heterogeneous polymerisation -or preferred
to use a source of radiation which solvent in homogeneous poiymerisati
6 ion, should gives ultra-violet light of a wave length cornot absorb
the ultra-violet radiation, which is responding to the maximum

17. absorption of the 90 being used to induce the polymerisationfi, to
polymerisation initiator employed For many such an extent that the
polyinerisation is-initiators the maximum absorption occurs seriously
retarded or even prevented within the wave length range 2,400 to 3,000
The photopolymerisation initiators of the angstrom units and,
for-instance, in the case present invention are polyfificlear aromatic
of naphthalene the maximum absorption 95 hydrocarbons such as, for
exaniple, naphtha occurs between 2,600 and 2,800 angstrom lene,
anthracene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, units.
chrysene, pyrene, 3,4-benzphenanthrehe, 1,2 The choice of suitable
ultra-violet light and benzanthracene, 1,2,5,6 dibenzanthfacene, a
suitable photopolymerisation initiator for the perylenie, rubrene and
cofonene The readily polymerisation of any given ethylenically un 100
available polynuclear aronmatic hydrocarbons saturated compound will
depend to some such as naphthalene and anthracene are useful extent
upon the absorption of the monomeric polymerisation initiators It is
known that such compound or compouftds employed and that hydrocarbons
are transitionally formed into of the polymer or copolymer produced In
excited triplet-states by irradiation with ultra order to benefit
fully from the controlled poly 105 vi Olet-lig-ght-of suitable
waveleigth-and it is merisation process of the present invention it
believed that the po Fymerisia-on according to is important that
the-absorption coefficient of the present invention is initiated -by
the the ethylenically unsaturated compound or of preseice in -the
reaction miixture of these the polymeric material produced should be
activated ar 6 omatic moleules Th quantit of considerably less than
the absorption: co 110 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon present in
efficient of the polynuclear photopolynierisathe polymerisation ni
mixtite may vary widely tion initiator, all coefficients being
measured according to the nature of the polymerisabld with light of
the particular wave length ranges compound and the conditions under
which relied on to bring about the polymerisation.
the polymerisation is brought about Qilanti By suitable selection of
the wave length of 115 ties down to a few parts per million bf the the
ultraviolet light emiployed and by suitable aromatic hydrocarbon serve
to initiate -the choice of the photopolymerisation initiator the
polymerisation, but much higher quantities polymerisation of most
ethylenically ufisaturamay be employed if desired Care should also ted
polymerisable compounds may be brought beitaken to ensure that the
initiator chosen for about under-optimum conditions 120 any particular
polymerisation reaction is not The conditions of the polymerisation
proalso an inhibitor for that reaction, because cess according to the
present invention may under such conditions the polymerisation rate be
widely varied as is well known in the art will be slow: of

18. pclymerisatio D For instance the tempera'The irradiation of the
polymerisable ture of the polymerisation reaction mixture is 125
ethylenically unsaturated comnpound is carried not at all critical
although variations may out-under conclitii 6 ns which are well known
in cause the molecular weight of the produced the art The sourceo-6 f
light may be within the polymer and the rate of polymerisation to
polymerisation vessel or placed outside so alter If the polymerisation
isto becaried out that its rays reach the polymerisation mixture under
heterogeneous conditions, the usual 130 785,055 tion are similar to
polymers produced by conventional methods, i e with the aid of a
peroxy catalyst, but they can have the advantage that they are not
contaminated with any of the conventional polymerisation catalysts.
The following examples illustrate the polymerisation of various
ethylenically unsaturated compounds according to the present
invention.
EXAMPLES 1 TO 4 Samples of acrylonitrile containing varying amounts of
anthracene as photopolymerisation initiators were placed in turn in a
reaction vessel fitted with a stirrer and containing quartz windows
and were subjected to the radiation from a mercury lamp after it had
been filtered by passage through two glass plates These optical
filters remove most of the radiation having a wave length less than
about 3,000 angstrom units The temperature of the acrylonitrile was
about 20 C The relative amounts of polyacrylonitrile obtained after
given polymerisation times are shown in the following table, expressed
as parts by weight In all cases the polymer was recovered by the
addition of methanol to the reaction mixture, followed by -filtration
of the precipitated polymer.
emulsifying agents or suspension stabilisers may be added as required
and similarly other compounds known to effect polymerisation reactions
or the nature of the products may be present For instance, although an
advantage of the present invention is that it provides a means of
producing polymers entirely free from polymerisation catalysts such as
peroxides and the like, it may, in certain cases, be advantageous to
carry out the polymerisation process of the present invention on
polymerisation reaction mixtures containing small proportions of any
of the standard polymerisation catalysts It is important, however,
that any compounds added to the polymerisation mixture should not
absorb the ultra-violet light which is causing the polymerisation to
such an extent that the controlled polymerisation of the process of
the present invention is impaired.
The polymeric material produced in the process of the present
invention is in the form of a solid, i e a precipitate, a suspension
or an emulsion, or in the form of a solution and it can readily be
isolated by conventional procedures whidch ae well known fii the art

19. Such methods include precipitation, filtrations, centrifugation and
the like.
Polymers produced according to the invenExample No 1 2 3 4 Percentage
by weight 0 0014 0 004 0 016 0 017 of anthracene Time of irradiation 9
3 5 4 5 5 0 (hours) Polymer-produced 15 1 16 4 25 42 6 In a
comparative experiment the irradiation of acrylonitrile in the absence
of the anthracene produced no polymerisation.
EXAMPLE 5.
A similar process to that described in Examples 1 to 4 was carried
out, but the acrylonitrile contained 0 094 % by weight of naphthalene
as photopolymerisation initiator and the unscreened radiation from the
mercury lamp was employed After irradiation for 1 hour at 30 C, 200
parts by weight of polyacrylonitrile were recovered by the addition of
methanol to the reaction mixture In the absence of the initiator only
83 parts by weight of polymer -were produced under identical
conditions EXAMPLE 6.
Two portions of vinyl acetate, one of which contained 0 011 % by
weight of naphthalene, were irradiated at room temperature in similar
reaction vessels fitted with pyrex glass windows Pyrex is a registered
Trade Mark.
These effectively remove radiation with wave lengths less than about
3000 angstrom units.
The degree of polymerisation was followed by dilatometric means After
four hours the sample containing the naphthalene contained
approximately 1 5 times as much polyvinylacetate as the sample of pure
vinyl acetate.
The polymer was recovered by precipitation with methanol and isolated
by filtration.
EXAMPLE 7.
A quartz cell was charged with monomeric styrenes contraining varying
amounts, of anthracene The cell was maintained at 700 C and irradiated
with light of wave length 3,500 to 4,200 A In the absence of radiation
the styrene polymerised at-a slow rate-the dark reaction.
When the monomer was irradiated, the polymerisation rate increased and
continued at the higher rate for a time dependent on the amount of
anthracene present As the polymerisation proceeds under irradiation,
the 40.
785,055anthracene is -consumed and its fluorescence disappears from
the reaction mixture.
The results obtained are shown in the following table:
Amount of anthracene present in parts by weight 2 33 4; 65 9 30 18 6
Total polymerisation to:
disappearance of anthracene 2 3 3 O 5 3 7 3 % by weight Total
polymerisation due to the dark reaction-% by 0 4 0 5 _ 1 1 1 6 weight

20. Total polymerisation due to irradiation -% by weight 1 9 2 5 4 2 5 7
Intrinsic viscosity of product 2 32 2 13 1 80 1 70 A series of
different initiators were added' to samples of acrylonitrile: (A) and
methyl methacrylate (M) and the solutions-irradiated for varying times
and the amount of polymer formed determined by filtering off the
produced polymer and washing it with ether All solutions were
maintained under nitrogenduring the polymerisation which was carried
out at 50 C Except where indicated the ultra-violet light used was
screened by passage through a Chance O x 1 filter The results obtained
are given in-the following table:
Time of %Wof Initiator Monomer % of irradiation polymer = initiator
_hours produced Anthracene M 0 0195 4 2 5 _ zA:: _ 0 018 3 '1 1 :
Naphihalene M 0 048 4 1- 5 : =, A O 0493 4 _ 4 6 9-ethyl anthracene _
A-, 0 016 f: 4 4 2 Pyrene A 0 0245 3 75 8 5 = Chrysene -A 0 036 -3 75
8 5 1:2-benzanthracene A 0 029 3 75 5 2 :: No optical filter used The
percentage of the initiator:in the unpolymerised monomer is-expressed
on a molar basis, and that of the polymer produced on a weight basis
Attempts to polymerise the acrylonitrile and the methyl methacrylate
under the conditions described above but in the absence of any
protopolymerisation initiaE tors only gave rise to a very small
proportion of polymer, ie less than 1 %, in the case of methyl
methacrylate and no polymer at all in the case of acrylonitrile Under
similar conditions very-good photopolymerisation initiation was
obtained, using 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene -
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* GB785056 (A)
Description: GB785056 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Sealing arrangement for telescopic shock absorbers
Description of GB785056 (A)

21. A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1115535 (B) FR1118033 (A) US2808277 (A)
DE1115535 (B) FR1118033 (A) US2808277 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Co 785,056 replete Specification: March
4, 1955.
No 6443/55 ' Application made in Germany on March 12, i 954.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance Classes 108 ( 3), 58 M 2 A; and 122 ( 5), B 13 (B
3 A 7 A: B 3 B 1 A: C 12).
International Classification:-F 06 f, j COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Sealing Arrangement for Telescopic Shock Absorbers.
e, FICHTEL & SACHES Aktiengesellschaft, the edge face 2 a, are
compressed between two erman Body Corporate, of Schweinfurt am'
annular plate members 8 and 9 The cornn, Germany, do hereby declare
the inven pressed annular portion of the sealing member for which we
pray that a patent may be 2 located between side face portions 2 b, 2
c ted to us, and the method by which it is to thickens toward the
outer sealing face 2 a A 50 Derformed, to be particularly described in
pressure member 6 has an annular portion by the following statement:
engaging the pressure plate 9 and pressing the his inveintion relates
to a sealing arrange s'ame'against the annular sealing member 2 and t
for telescopic shock absorbers 'toward the pressure plate 8 which
abuts is the object of the present invenition to -'againsi the inner
flange 10 of the tubular con 55 ide -a: sealing arrangementfor a shock
tainer member 5 ' -rber which permits a particularly C The'ainular
pressure member is formed comical manufacture with a peripheral groove
7 which is engaged by t is a further object of the present invention
an annular bead 11 in the tubular container )rovide in a shock
absorber an annular member 5 and has an inner portion 6 a provided 60
ing means which tightly seals' along one with a bearing face on which

22. the piston rod 1 thereof but permits sliding of a piston rod is
slidably mounted The annular pressure g another sealing edge thereof
member 6 has an inner chamber 6 b comccording to the present invention
a tele municating through a bore 6 c with the interior ic shock
absorber having a sealing of the tubular container member 5 Members 65
ngement is provided wherein the seal for a 6, 8, 9 and 10 constitute
pressure means for on rod consists of a sealing member of compressing
the sealing member 2.
lient material, the external diameter of During the assembly of the
parts, the inner ch is smaller, before installation, than the flange
10 and the bead 11 are simultaneously rnal diameter of a tubular
container mem formed by roller dies while the pressure mem 70
therefor, and, in the installed state, is en her 6 compresses the
sealing member 2 The ed by pressure acting upon its faces and outer
diameter of the outer edge face 2 a is rs in sealing fashion on the
inner wall of slightly smaller than the inner surface of the tubular
container member The thickness tubular -container member 5 as long as
the he sealing member may increase radially sealing member 2 is not
compressed, and, con 75 k piston rod guide may have a peripheral
sequently, the sealing member can be easily ove into which the tubular
container mem inserted After the outer annular portion of the wall is
inserted by rolling or pressing The sealing member is compressed, the
outer sealing ention will be best understood from the face 2 a is
firmly pressed against the inner surowing description, by way of
example, face of the tubular container member 5 and 80.
an embodiment thereof, illustrated in the provides a tight seal.
ompanying drawing The bead 11 and the groove 7 provide an eferring now
to the drawing, the elongated axial support of the annular member 6
which on rod member 1 is sealed by an annular constitutes a bearing
for the piston rod 1 so ling member 2 which has an inner annular that
axial forces occurring during operation of 85 e face comprising two
lips 3 and 4, and an the shock absorbers are taken up by the bead er
annular edge face 2 a engaging the inner ndrical surface of the
tubular container mber 5 The transverse annular side face tions 2 b
and 2 c which are located adjacent Price 3 s 6 d l 11.
Two lips 3 and 4 are illustrated, but it will be understood that a
single inner edge face could be provided on the sealing member An 90
Price 33 p Ai a Ge Maii tion, gran be p and T men It prov abso econ It
to I seali edge alon A scop arra pistc resil whii inte:
her larg beai said of t A groo ber jnve folli of; acc pist seal edg
out cyli men por l.
2 785,056 annulaimminilber 3 a holds the lip 3 in position rod
consists of a sealing member of resilient The drawing further shows a
tubular mem material, the external diameter of whikh -is bet 12

23. engaging the annular member 6 and smaller, before installation, than
the 'interial forming a dampening chamber, an outer pro diameter of a
tubular container member there-' 30 tective casing 13, a cap 14
fixedly connected for, and, in the installed state, is enlarged by to
the protective casing 13, an annular member pressure acting upon its
faces and bears in-sealfor attaching the telescbpicd shock-absorber
ing fashion on 'the inner wall of said tubular to a vehicle and
engaging the, unit: 1, 14, 13, a container member ' rubber sleeve 16,
and a steel sleeve 17 tension 2 A telescopic shock absorber as-claimed
in 35 ing the rubber sleeve 16 claim 1, wherein the thickness of the
sealing It will be understood that each of the member increases
radially.
elements described above, or -two or more 3 A telescopic shock
absorber as claimed in together, may also find a useful application in
either of claims 1 or 2, wherein a piston rod other types of sealing
arrangements differing guide has a peripheral groove into which the 40
from the types described above tubular container member wall is
inserted by While the invention has been illustrated and rolling or
pressing.
described as embodied'in' a' sealing arrange-' 4 A telescopic shock
absorber having a ment for a telescopic shock-absorber, it is not
sealing arrangement substantially as described intended to be limited
to the details shown, with reference to and as illustrated in the 45
since various modifications and structural accompanying drawing.
changes may be made without departing in any way from the scope of the
present invention For the Applicants, defined in the claims MATTHEWS,
HADDAN & CO,
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* GB785057 (A)
Description: GB785057 (A) ? 1957-10-23

24. Improvements relating to mounting arrangements for thermostats in ovens or
other heated enclosures
Description of GB785057 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 78 C
Inventor:-ANTHONY MICHAEL HICKS.
i K S Date of filing Complete Specification: March 19, 1956.
Application Date: March 19, 1955 No 8071/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 64 ( 2), T 13; and 126, B 18 A 1.
International Classification:-F 24 b G Olk.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Mounting Arrangements for Thermostats in
Ovens or other Heated Enclosures.
We, SIMPLEX ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Broadwell,
Oldbury, in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare the invention,
for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method
by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
The present invention relates to mounting arrangements for thermostats
in the ovens or other heated enclosures (hereinafter termed ovens) of
cooking stoves Such oven being heated either electrically or by means
of gas.
The invention refers specifically to thermostats of the kind having a
tube and rod or other thermally sensitive elongated bi-metal structure
which at one end affords a mechanical output by virtue of differential
expansion of the tube and rod or equivalent components of the
structure and which at this end is provided with electrical contacts
or valves actuated by this mechanical output, these contacts or valves
usually being contained within a housing also accommodating adjusting
mechanism for adjusting the operating point of the thermostat.
The contacts and terminals or valves and adjustment mechanism are
usually mounted in a ihousing to which the tube or outer member of the
bi-metal structure is connected by means of a bush afid whilst this
bush is normally of standard cross sectional dimensions for varying
diameters or cross section dimensions of the tube and rod or other
bi-metal structure the bush cannot be directly mounted in an aperture
in the wall of the oven concerned in a manner effecting vapour tight
seal, for example by welding or brazing the bush in such aperture,
belPrice 3 s 6 d l cause firstly, the thermostat would not be able to
survive finishing operations (such as vitreous enamelling) that would
be necessary after such welding or brazing and secondly because it is

25. necessary that the thermostat should be removable for replacement
should it not operate in a correct manner.
Further, the whole thermostat cannot be accommodated bodily in the
oven, and to effect a vapour tight seal with the different diameters
or cross sections of the tube and rod or other bi-metal structure,
different sealing components are required thereby rendering
thermostats differing in respect of these diameters or cross sectional
dimensions not interchangeable between one oven and another although
otherwise they would be interchangeable.
This appreciably complicates maintenance and supply problems as well
as increasing the number of components which it is necessary to
manufacture in order to enable use to be made of thermostats which
merely differ in respect of diameters or cross sectional dimensions of
their tube and rod or other bi-metal structures.
The object of the present invention is to obviate or reduce this
disadvantage.
According to the present invention an entry through the oven wall of a
cooking stove for the tube and rod or other thermally sensitive
elongated bi-metal structure of the thermostat, effective for
different cross sectional dimensions of such structure, is provided by
a sleeve of internal diameter sufficient to accommodate the largest
cross section of bi-metal structure required to be used, such sleeve
forming a substantially gas tight extension of the oven wall and
projecting from the hole in said oven wall 057 to the exterior to an
extent sufficient to allow the head assembly of the thermostat to be
disposed beyond a heat barrier embodied in or associated with the oven
wall, and closed at its outer end by a bush or like formation of cross
sectional dimensions common to thermostats having bi-metal structures
of different cross sectional dimensions aforesaid.
In combination with the aforesaid arrangement according to the
invention the bi-metal structure may be secured internally of the oven
at or near its inner end by a bracket which has a plurality of holes,
sockets or like formations of different diameters or cross sectional
dimensions corresponding to those of the different cross sections of
bi-metal structure required to be used, and such bracket is movably
mounted in the oven, or the portion thereof provided with said holes,
sockets or formations is movable to present selectively the
appropriate sized hole, socket or formation to the inner end of the
bi-metal structure and to support same.
The bracket may have a portion which partly encloses the inner end of
the bi-metal structure or is interposed between this end and the mouth
of the oven thereby protecting the thermostat against damage by being
knocked or jarred with dishes during insertion or placement on the
oven shelf adjacent to the thermostat.

26. The invention is now more particularly described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, showing by way of example, a preferred
embodiment In the drawings:
Figure 1 represents a part sectional side elevation of a thermostat
mounted in an oven in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2
shows, on an enlarged scale, a plan view of the mounting of the inner
end of the thermostat; and Figure 3 is a sectional end elevation taken
on line 3-3 of Figure 1.
In this particular construction according to the present invention, a
thermostat of the kind wherein the thermally sensitive structure 10 is
in the form of a bi-metal tube and rod assembly which at one end is
connected by means of a standard diameter bush 11 to a head assembly
comprising a housing 12 containing electrical contacts, terminals or
valves and adjusting mechanism for varying the operating point of the
thermostat, is mounted in an oven in a cooking stove in a horizontal
or approximately horizontal plane closely adjacent to the top wall 13
of the oven, the tube and rod assembly extending in a direction fore
and aft of the oven at a convenient position, for example midway
between the side walls of the oven.
The thermostat may be provided with alternative diameters of tube for
the bi-metal rod and tube assembly, for example the tube may be of
half an inch diameter in some cases and of %/ of an inch diameter in
other cases 70 To permit the housing 12 to remain outside the back
wall 14 of the oven whilst sufficiently isolated thermally from the
heat transmitted from this wall and to provide a vapour tight seal
between the tube and rod 75 assembly and the back wall 14 of the oven,
the latter is formed with a hole which is somewhat larger than the
largest diameter of tube which is required to be used, e g.
somewhat larger than i' inch diameter, and 80 a sleeve 15 preferably
of copper, brass or other non-ferrous metal of an external diameter to
fit within this hole is assembled around the tube and sealed to the
back wall 14 of the oven conveniently by the provision S 5 of an
outwardly projecting flange 16 at the inner end of the sleeve which is
mechanically held against the interior face of the back wall of the
oven so as to prevent the egress of hot gases or vapours from the 90
oven interior.
Alternatively the flange 16 of the sleeve could be welded, brazed or
otherwise united by fusion to the wall of the oven.
At its rearward end the internal diameter 95 of the sleeve 15 is such
as to be a close sliding-fit over the bush 11 and conveniently the
sleeve is of the same diameter from end to end Ordinarily the diameter
of the bush 11 may be about 50 % greater than that 100 of the tube of
the tube and rod assembly so that there exists an annular clearance
spaced between the tube and the inner surface of the sleeve where the

27. tube passes through the same 105 At its outer end the bush 11 with the
end portion of the sleeve 15 encircling same, passes through an
aperture in an exterially mounted bracket, 17 for the thermostat, said
aperture receiving the rearward end 110 of the bush and assembled
sleeve as a close sliding fit, this bracket 17 being preferably
provided with a radially extending pinch screw 18 which serves to not
only hold the thermostat in position but also in the case 115 of an
electric cooking stove (as opposed to a gas stove) to form an earth
continuity connection from the bush and the tube and rod assembly to
the body of the cooking stove with which such bracket is electrically
120 connected.
The rearward end of the sleeve 15 is held against one limb of the
bracket 17 by means of a tongue cut from the end of the sleeve and
bent back against the bracket as indi 125 cated at 19 in Figure 1.
The length of the sleeve 15 is selected to enable the housing 12 of
the thermostat to be spaced rearwardly from the back wall 14 of the
oven which has an external heat 1330 785,057 i 735,057 barrier 20 (e g
of thermal insulation) to any required extent sufficient to maintain
the temperature within the housing below the desirable upper limit For
example a sleeve length of about 2 inches will be found satisfactory
in most cases.
Furthermore, conductive transmission of heat from the wall of the oven
to the bush through the material of the sleeve itself can be reduced
by making the sleeve of thin metal for example 20 S W G so that the
cross section of the conductive path is small.
The forward end of the tube and rod assembly 10 is supported from the
top wall I 1 of the oven by means of a "U" shaped bracket 21 of which
the base, 22 is secured to the top wall 13 by means permitting it to
be reversed end-to-end so as to position one dependent limb or the
other nearer to the back 14 of the oven This is achieved by securing
the base 22 of the bracket to the top wall 13 by self tapping screws
23 which pass through open-ended-slots 24 in the bracket 21 and which
thus permit of reversal :5 of the bracket 21 after the thermostat has
been removed by slackening off the screws 23 without completely
removing them.
The dependent limbs of this bracket are formed with respective holes
25 and 26 of differing appropriate diameters for example an inch and
5/1 of an inch End-to-end reversal of this enables the forward
extremity of the thermostat tube 10 to be inserted into the holes of
corresponding diameter and to be effectively supported by the bracket
21.
The remaining limb of the bracket i e.
that limb not supporting the particular thermostat tube in use
constitutes a guard shielding the forward end of the tube and rod

28. assembly from inadvertent damage by contact with dishes as these are
put into or taken out of the oven or are changed from one shelf to
another within the oven.
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