4291 4295.output

* GB784698 (A)
Description: GB784698 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to flexible concentric piping
Description of GB784698 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification March 7, 1955.
Application Date March 23, 1954.
784 t 698 No 8452/54.
Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 64 ( 2), U 8; and 99 ( 2), P 1 A( 3: 13:
18 A: 19 B 23 A), P 1 B( 5 A: 7: 8).
International Classification: -F 061.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Flexible Concentric Piping We,
PIRELLI-GENERAL CABLE WORKS LIMITED, a British Company of 343/5 Euston
Road, London, N W 1, and ADRIAN NEVILLE ARMAN, of Pirelli-General
Cable Works Limited, aforesaid, a subject of the Queen of Great
Britain, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to flexible concentric piping, such as
might be used, for instance, for the conveyance of a fluid through an
inner pipe, it being necessary or desirable to control the temperature
of such fluid by means of another fluid contained in the space between
the inner pipe and an outer pipe surrounding it Thus, for instance, it
may be required to convey a viscous liquid through the inner pipe and
for this purpose to maintain it at a higher temperature than the
normal, this being done by the admission of steam to the space between
the inner and outer pipes.
For many other purposes a jacketed pipe is required, and hitherto this
result has been secured by means of a rigid piping installation, the
outer pipe serving as a jacket and generally being thermally lagged
Such a method of construction is, however, liable to be very costly by

reason of the necessity of somewhat complicated jointing arrangements
between adjacent lengths of the combined inner and outer pipes The
present invention has for its main object to overcome this
disadvantage, as well as to provide a ready means for securing
concentric piping which shall be flexible.
According to the invention, flexible substantially concentric piping
is constituted by inner and outer pipes which are helically corrugated
respectively to opposite hands, although the helices are not
necessarily of the same pitch.
It is to be understood that in this specification reference to the
pipes being concentric is to be interpreted broadly, since strict
concentricity would only be maintained if the outer diameter of the
corrugation crests of the inner pipe were equal to the inner diameter
of the lPri J corrugation troughs of the outer pipe This, however, is
not necessarily the case in piping 50 according to the present
invention, since the latter diameter may be made larger than the
former diameter, in which case the pipes would not necessarily remain
strictly co-axial.
In any case, by reason of the corrugations of 55 the pipes, their
relationship is necessarily such as to leave a passage for the
circulation of fluid between the inner and outer pipes.
Each of the pipes may be made in any suitable manner, but, in the case
in which either 60 pipe is of metal, it is preferred to follow the
mode of manufacture, except as regards the flattening operation,
described in Specification
No 711,305, which is primarily concerned with the manufacture of
corrugated metal 65 sheaths for electric cables In the manufacture of
a pipe, however, a similar procedure may be adopted, namely that of
bending a strip of metal to cylindrical form, welding together the
edges along a longitudinal seam to form 70 the pipe, and subsequently
subjecting the latter to the action of a suitable tool whereby helical
corrugations are formed therein Such a method has the great advantage
that pipes of indefinite length may be manufactured, there 75 by
minimising the number of joints required in a given installation.
The outer pipe may be provided with thermal lagging, applied in any
suitable manner, such as winding or extrusion, according to 80
requirements and this lagging may be further protected by flexible
waterproofing, such as rubber, polythene, polyvinyl chloride or other
substance of the kind known as "plastics", which may be either
extruded or applied in 85 the form of tapes with bitumen or similar
compound to seal the lappings of tape Some additional external
mechanical protection, such as bitumen-impregnated hessian, may
sometimes be desirable according to the manner in which 90 the piping
is finally to be installed In certain circumstances this external

mechanical protection may replace the lagging and/or the waterproof
layer.
In order that the invention may be clearly 95 understood and readily
carried into effect, it Pticc -1 1 784,698 will now be described more
fully with reference to the accompanying drawing whichli illustrates,
by way of example, two forms of flexible substantially coficentric
piping in accordance therewith, the component elements being shown in
each case as stripped back in order to display the construction more
clearly.
Referring to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing, the outer pipe 1 is
helically corrugated right-handedly, while in the inner pipe 2 the
helical corrugations are left-handed It is appropriate that, as shown,
the same pitch of corrugations shall be adopted in the case of each of
the pipes 1 and 2 although this is not necessarily the case.
Figure 2 illustrates a construction wherein there is applied to the
outer pine 1, enclosing the inner pipe 2, thermal lagging material 3
which is covered by a layer of flexible waterproof material 4 The
thermal lagging material 3 is built out to cylindrical form externally
while the waterproof covering is of substantially uniform thickness,
so that the overall contour of the complete concentric piping is cyli
ndrical.
Contrariwise, the thermal lagging and the waterproof covering might
each be of uniform thickness so that the overall contour of the
completed piping is helically corrugated.
The concentric, lagged and protected piping is flexible and may be
supplied in long lengths wound on to drums It may be used either
supported at suitable intervals on structures or posts or it may be
buried directly in the ground or drawn into underground ducts.
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* GB784699 (A)
Description: GB784699 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to flexible substantially concentric piping
PATEN STPEC ICATPON
Date of filing Complete Specification March 7, 1955.
Application Date March 23, 1954.
(Divided out of No 784,698).
784699 No 12329/56 ' Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 64 ( 2), O BB, U 8; and 99 ( 2), PIA( 3:
13: 18 A: 19 B), P 1 BS(A: D), P 1 87.
International Classification: -FO 61.
Improvements in or relating to Flexible Substantially Concenrtric
Piping We, PIRELLI-GENERAL CABLE WORIKS LIMITED, a British Company, of
343/5, Euston Road, London, N W 1, and ADPIAN NEVILLE ARMAN, of
Pirelli-General Cable Works Limited, aforesaid, a Subject of the Queen
of Great Britain, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to flexible substantially concentric
piping, such as might be used, for instance, for the conveyance of a
fluid through an inner pipe, it being necessary or desirable to
control the temperature of such fluid by means of another fluid
contained in the space between the inner pipe and an outer pipe
surrounding it Thus, for instance, it may be required to convey a
viscous liquid through the inner pipe and for this purpose to maintain
it at a higher temperature than the normal, this being done by the
admission of steam to the space between the inner and outer pipes For
many other purposes a jacketed pipe is required, and hitherto this
result has been secured by means of a rigid piping installation, the
outer pipe serving as a jacket It is the main object of the present
invention to produce such a structure of substantially concentric
piping which shall be flexible and shall possess improved thermal
insulating properties.
According to the invention, flexible substantially concentric piping
is constituted by two pipes located the one within the other, one of
the pipes being helically corrugated and the other of plain
cylindrical form, and the outer pipe being surrounded with thermal
lagging material This outer pipe may be of either of the required
forms, that is corrugated or cylindrical It is to be understood that

in this specification reference to the pipes being concentric is to be
interpreted broadly, since strict concentricity would only be
maintained if, for example, the inner pipe being corrugated, the outer
diameter of the corrugation crests lPric( were equal to the inner
diameter of the cylindrical pipe This, however, is not necessarily the
case in piping according to the present invention, since the crucial
diameter of the 50 outer pipe may be made larger than that of the
inner pipe, in which case the pipes would not necessarily remain
strictly co-axial In any case, by reason of the corrugation of one of
the pipes, their relationship is necessarily 55 such as to leave a
passage for the circulation of fluid between the inner and outer
pipes.
Each of the pipes may be made in any suitable manner, but it is
preferred to follow the mode of manufacture, except as regards the 60
flattening operation, described in Specification
No 711,305, which is primarily concerned with the manufacture of
corrugated metal sheaths for electric cables In the manufacture of a
pipe, however, a similar procedure may 65 be adopted, namely, that of
bending a strip of metal to cylindrical form, welding together the
edges along a longitudinal seam to form the pipe, and in the case of
the pipe to be corrugated, subsequently subjecting it to the 70 action
of a suitable tool whereby helical corrugations are formed therein
Such a method has the great advantage that pipes of indefinite length
may be manufactured, thereby minimising the number of joints required
in a 75 given installation.
The thermal lagging may be applied to the outer pipe in any suitable
manner, such as winding or extrusion, according to requirements and
this lagging may be further pro 80 tected by flexible waterproofing,
such as rubber, polythene, polyvinyl chloride or other substance of
the kind known as "plastics ", which may be either extruded or applied
in the form of tapes with bitumen or similar 85 compound to seal the
lappings of tape Some external mechanical protection, such as
bitumen-impregnated hessian, may sometimes be desirable according to
the manner in which the piping is finally to be installed 90 In order
that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
effect, it will now be described more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawing which illustrates, by way of example, two forms
of flexible substantially concentric piping in accordance therewith,
the outer pipe and its thermal lagging and waterproof covering being
shown as stripped back in order to display the construction more
clearly.
Referring to the accompanying drawing, in the construction illustrated
in each figure the outer pipe 1 is helically corrugated, while the
inner pipe 2 is of plain cylindrical form.

Obviously, the reverse arrangement might be adopted, namely, that the
outer pipe shall be cylindrical and the inner pipe helically
corrugated In the examples illustrated, the outer diameter of the pipe
2 is slightly less than the inner trough diameter of the pipe 1; if
these diameters were equal strict concentricity would result The outer
pipe 1 is surrounded with thermal lagging material 3 which is covered
by a layer of flexible waterproof material 4.
In the construction shown in Figure 1 the thermal lagging material 3
is built out to cylindrical form externally while the waterproof
covering is of substantially uniform thickness, so that the overall
contour of the complete concentric piping is cylindrical.
Contrariwise, in the case of the piping illustrated in Figure 2, the
thermal lagging and the waterproof covering are each of uniform
thickness so that the overall contour of the completed piping is
helically corrugated.
The concentric, lagged and protected piping is flexible and may be
supplied in long lengths wound on to drums It may be used either
supported at suitable intervals on structures or posts or it may be
buried directly in the ground or drawn into underground ducts.
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* GB784700 (A)
Description: GB784700 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to paper patterns
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
FR1105635 (A) US2756434 (A)

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
7849700 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 28,
1954.
Application mode in United States of America on June 2, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 112, F 5; 140, El A; and 141, C 3.
Internatiknal Clessification:-f 41 lh.
Improvements in or relating to Paper Patterns I, RICHARD Ricic, a
Citizen of the United States of America, of Livingston Road, Bellport,
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to a paper pattern for manufacturing
garments or the like for embroidering a decorative design on a fabric
or garment.
According to the present invention there is provided a paper pattern,
adapted to be temporarily bonded to a fabric and to readily permit the
passage of a needle and thread therethrough while bonded to said
fabric in manufacture of a garment or in embroidery of a decorative
design on said fabric, comprising a thin, flexible paper having
appropriate indicia, including sewing indicia, marked on its top
surface and having on the undersurface a lubricous, thermoplastic,
heat-sealable resin which is non-adhesive in nature at normal room
temperature, and which becomes plastic and adhesive in nature on the
application of heat, whereby said pattern may be temporarily bonded to
a fabric, said resin remaining lubricous after the application of heat
to permit and facilitate the passage of a needle and thread
therethrough while said pattern is bonded to a fabric, said resin
being selected from the group consisting of ethylene polymers, vinyl
chloride polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers, copolymers of vinyl
chloride and vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetals, thermoplastic

chlorinated natural and synthetic rubbers, cellulose derivatives and
hydrocarbon waxes.
The accompanying drawings, referred to herein, and constituting a part
hereof, illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with
the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig 1 illustra S bce use of five patterns lprim c is, having suitable
indicia marked on the top surface of the pattern paper, said patterns
being placed on a length of fabric and being fixed thereto by a warm
iron In this illustration, a separate pattern is used in cutting 50
out each component part of a garment; Fig 2 is an enlarged or
exaggerated section through a fabric with a pattern on top and a warm
iron converting the thermoplastic resin undersurface of the pattern
into an 55 adhesive layer to temporarily join together the fabric and
pattern; Fig 3 shows a portion of two cut-out fabric pieces with their
attached patterns being joined together along the size 16 sewing 60
line by a threaded sewing machine needle; Fig 4 is a plan view of a
fabric having a pattern attached thereto; said pattern having
decorative design indicia marked on its top surface with an embroidery
decorative design 65 having already been embroidered on one of said
design indicia; and Fig 5 illustrates the use of my pattern wherein
suitable spaced indicia are marked on a single piece of paper to act
as a guide 70 for the user in producing all of the component fabric
pieces by the use of a single pattern in contrast to the illustration
of Fig 1 wherein a separate pattern is used for each component piece
75 For clarity, the following are given as definitions of the terms
used herein: The term "fabric" shall include any form of cloth,
leather, straw sheets or any other sheet-like materials used in the
manufacture 80 of garments hereinafter defined.
The term "garment" as herein defined shall collectively include
clothing for both sexes; accessories, such as gloves, scarfs, hats;
furniture covering; stuffed animal coverings; 85 household
furnishings, such as curtains, pillow cases; and in general any
article which is made of, or covered with, a plurality of pieces of
fabric sewn together.
The term "piece" shall mean any portion 9 & No 15934/54.
J 784,700 of fabric cut out or intended to be cut out to constitute a
component part of a garment to be sewn.
The term "indicia" shall mean any guide lines, instructions, or any
other markings on the pattern to indicate the manner in which a fabric
and its attached pattern or pattern portion are to be cut, registered
and assembled together with other fabric pieces and attached patterns
or pattern portions.
This term also includes decorative design markings, which are to be
guides for effecting embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or

garments.
The term "sewing" shall include hand stitching with needle and thread
or machine stitching with needle and thread.
The term "embroidery" shall include both hand and machine embroidery
with needle and thread or yarn.
In general, my pattern comprises a paper having appropriate indicia
marked on its top surface and a coating of thermoplastic and heat
sealable resin or wax material on its undersurface, said thermoplastic
material becoming adhesive in nature on application of heat
Accordingly, the pattern may be easily attached to a fabric or garment
by placing the pattern on a fabric or garment with the underside of
the pattern in contact with the fabric or garment and causing the
coating to become adhesive in nature upon application of heat such as
by pressing a warm iron over the top of the pattern, whereupon the
pattern becomes temporarily bonded to the fabric or garment.
Two different modifications of my pattern may be used in the art of
manufacturing garments or the like In one modification, the pattern
has marked thereon suitable indicia such as cutting lines for
producing one component part of a garment as wvell as sewing lines and
other instructions to guide the user in joining the attached component
fabric piece to other component fabric pieces Thus, in producing a
garment, a plurality of such patterns are employed for producing an
equal number of component fabric pieces as illustrated in Fig 1 The
bonding of each pattern to the fabric in a manner as hereinbefore
described, gives the fabric a consistency which facilitates forming
operations By cutting a pattern and attached fabric along the
appropriate cutting line, the desired fabric piece may be obtained The
fabric pieces, including their respective attached patterns, are then
sewn together along appropriate sewing lines to form the garment The
patterns are then stripped from their respective fabric pieces It
should be understood that tiny portions of each pattern underlying the
respective threads may remain fixed to the fabric and are held thereto
by the threads, the remainder of the pattern being stripped from its
respective fabric pieces.
As an alternative to using a separate pattern for each component part,
a pattern may be used wherein suitably spaced indicia for each
component part are marked on a single piece of pattern paper as
illustrated in Fig 70 The indicia for the component pieces must be
arranged so that the fabric will be cut appropriately with respect to
the texture for each component part In using such a pattern, the
pattern is temporarily bonded to the 75 fabric as in the previous case
and then the fabric is cut along the appropriate cutting lines for
each component piece until all of the component fabric pieces are
formed The component fabric pieces are then joined in a 80 manner

described hereinbefore In the present case, each component fabric
piece will not have attached to it a separate pattern, but will have
attached a corresponding pattern portion, since the pattern has been
85 divided into pattern portions attached to their respective
component fabric pieces.
Whether individual patterns for each component part or whether a
single pattern having indicia for more than one component part 90
should be used will depend upon the circumstances in each case If the
dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern having all
component indicia cannot be fitted on the pattern then obviously
individual pat-95 terns for each component part may be used.
On the other hand, if the dimensions of a fabric are such that a
single pattern may be used there are decided advantages in using it
First of all, the manufacturer of the pat 100 tern does not have to
manufacture a plurality of component patterns This lessens his
manufacturing cost because it eliminates cutting out and folding a
plurality of patterns.
Secondly, the user does not have to bother 105 assembling the
individual patterns in their appropriate positions on the fabric in
forming the component fabric pieces There is also the danger that one
of the individual patterns may be lost before it can be used 110 which
necessitates the repurchase of an entire pattern assembly.
My pattern is also useful in embroidering decorative designs on a
fabric or garment.
In this case, the pattern is temporarily 115 bonded to a fabric or
garment in the same manner as previously described The pattern indicia
is a decorative design marked on the pattern which guides the user in
moving a threaded needle along the lines of the 120 decorative design
indicia to produce the embroidered design After the embroidered
decorative design has been produced, the pattern is stripped from the
fabric or garment 125 Any suitable paper may be used in forming my
pattern Preferably, the paper that is used should be sufficiently thin
to facilitate the cutting operation -wh'n the pattern is used in the
art of manufacturing garments and 130 784,700 should be sufficiently
flexible to facilitate sewing operations in making garments and
embroidery operations in the production of embroidered decorative
designs on fabrics or garments.
Any suitable thermoplastic and heat sealable material which becomes
adhesive but wax-like in nature upon the application of heat may be
used as the coating material on 10the undersurface of the pattern
paper A lubricous, heat-sealable material of this type will not hinder
sewing or embroidery operations, but on the contrary, facilitates such
operations because it functions as a lubricant for the sliding of the
needle during such op rations Such materials are also important

because they do not impart any gummy or sticky character to the thread
or bobbin, whereas with starch base or other sticky adhesives the
thread and bobbin become gummed up and do not function properly.
The thermoplastic bonding material may be coated on the paper by any
conventional coating operation such as by extrusion.
Preferably, the thermoplastic coating covers the entire undersurface
of the pattern paper in a continuous manner It is not necessary that
the entire undersurface of the paper be covered, however, since the
material may be discontinuous in the form of spots placed at strategic
positions such as the four corners and middle portion; in the form of
continuous parallel strips, and various other modifications.
The preferred bonding materials of the present invention are the
polyethylenes as explified by Du Pont's "ALATNON " Other suitable
thermoplastic materials are those of the polyvinyl chloride type, e g,
"polyvinyl acetate AYAA," manufactured by the Bakelite Division of
Carbide and Carbon Corporation; vinylidene chloride polymers, such as
"SARAN," which is a Registered Trade Mark for vinylidene
chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, manufactured by Dow Chemical
Company; copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, such as
"VYHH," manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon
Corporation; polyvinyl acetals, such as "polyvinyl butyral XYSG",
manufactured by Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corporation;
thermoplastic chlorinated natural and synthetic rubbers such as
"VISTANEX," which is a Registered Trade Mark for a synthetic rubber of
polymerized isobutylene type manufactured by Advance Solvents a
Chemicals Corporation; and "PLIOLITE" which is a Registered Trade Mark
for a cyclized rubber derivative, manufactured by Goodyear Rubber
Company; cellulose derivatives, such as ethyl cellulose, manufactured
by Hercules Powder Company; and waxy substances such as
microcrystalline wax 1005, manufactured by Socony-Vacuum Oil Company.
In order to illustrate the invention more specifically, reference is
now made to Figs.
1-5 of the drawings As shown in Fig 1, patterns 1-5, illustrating
typical patterns of the present invention, wherein individual pat 70
terns are used for each component fabric piece, are shown attached to
fabric 6 A cross-section of a typical pattern, such as pattern 4, is
shown in Fig 2, said pattern comprising paper 7 having coated on its
75 undersurface a polyethylene thermoplastic resin forming a
continuous coating 8, said coating 8 having been extruded on said
paper by the conventional extrusion method The patterns 1-5 are bonded
to the fabric by 80 applying heat to said pattern pieces by means of
iron 9 in a manner shown in Fig 2 The warm iron 9 is moved over the
pattern piece 1, whose undersurface is provided with the coating 8 in
contact with the upper surface 85 of the fabric 1 The coating 8 is

shown in full line before it is subjected to heat and in dotted lines
after it is heated to an adhesive state.
As shown in Fig 1, the patterns are pro 90 vided with conventional
cutting and sewing lines After the patterns have been adhered to the
fabric the fabric along with its attached pattern is cut along the
cutting lines indicated on each pattern 95 In order to illustrate the
sewing together of two cut-out pieces of fabric 1 ' and 4 ', along
with their attached patterns 1 and 4, reference is now made to Fig 3
The cutout fabric pieces 1 ' and 4 ' are so arranged 100 that these
pieces form the intermediate layers, and the patterns 1 and 4 form the
top and bottom layers A cut-out guide mark 10 is used in each of the
cut-out fabric pieces and patterns to provide a proper alignment of
105 said cut-out fabric pieces The fabric pieces are then sewn by
needle 11 and thread 12 along size 16 sewing line 13, indicated on the
top surface of pattern 1 After the fabric pieces have been sewn
together, the patterns 110 are merely stripped from their respective
fabric pieces by hand.
Advantageously, the patterns are simple in construction and are highly
efficient to use.
The forming operations are greatly facili 115 tated, and by use of the
patterns of the present invention an amateur at making clothes can
produce garments which resemble those made by a professional.
It should be realized that any other indicia 120 which would be
helpful to the users may be printed on the patterns of the present
invention Hence, instructions, illustrations, as to what pieces should
be consecutively joined may be printed on the pattern as well as any
125 other pertinent information.
Referring now to Fig 4, a fabric 20 has attached thereto a pattern 21
The pattern 21 is provided with two decorative design indicia marked
thereon, one of said design 130 -L If 784,700 indicia being hidden by
the decorative design 22 which has been embroidered along the
decorative ind icia Decorative design indicia 23 can be readily seen
as it has not yet been utilized in making an embroidered design.
In Fig 5, there is illustrated a pattern 30 attached to fabric 6
wherein the pattern is provided with suitably spaced indicia forming
pattern portions 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 to act as a guide for the use
in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of said
single pattern 30 Accordingly, border lines 31 a-35 a of pattern
portions 31-35 act as cutting lines to guide the operator in cutting
the fabric, the border portions being provided with appropriate sewing
lines for sewing together the component pieces and attached pattern
portions in a manner hereinbefore described.
In my copending British Application No.
14134/56 (Serial No 784,701), which has been divided out of the

present Application,
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* GB784701 (A)
Description: GB784701 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to method of manufacturing garments using paper
patterns
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
FR1105635 (A) US2756434 (A)
FR1105635 (A) US2756434 (A) less
7349701 Date of Applica Lion and filing Complete ___ i
Specification: May 28, 1954 No 14134/56.
Application made in United States of America on June 2, 1953.
(Divided out of No 784,700).
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.

Index at acoept Oulc:-lasses 6 Sg 8519 and 11 c COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Method of Manufacturing Garments Using
Paper Patterns I, RICHARD RICK a Citizen of the United States of
America, of Livingston Road, Bellport, State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray
that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing of garments
using paper patterns, or the like, and also in the embroidery of
decorative designs on a fabric or garment.
An object of my invention is to provide a novel method of garment
manufacture employing a pattern which may be temporarily bonded to a
fabric upon the application of heat for the manufacture of garments or
the like, said pattern having marked thereon suitable indicia, such as
cutting lines and sewing lines, to guide a user in producing a
component piece or component pieces of a garment and to guide him in
joining component fabric pieces to form the garment, said pattern or
portions thereof being adapted to be readily stripped from its
attached fabric piece after the formation of the garment.
To these ends, the present invention consists in providing a method
for the manufacturing of garments or the like comprising, temporarily
bonding to a fabric a pattern having appropriate indicia marked on its
top surface by which all of the component pieces of a garment may be
produced, performing all necessary cutting and assembling operations
using said pattern indicia as a guide to form a garment and thereafter
removing the remainder of said pattern from the garment.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, the same will now be described more fully with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig 1 illustrates the
use of five patterns of the present invention having suitable indicia
lPr' narked on the top surface of the pattern paper, said patterns
being placed on a length of fabric and being fixed thereto by a warm
iron In this illustration, a separate pattern is used in cutting out
each component part 50 of a garment; Fig 2 is an enlarged or
exaggerated section through a fabric with a pattern on top and a warm
iron converting the thermoplastic resin undersurface of the pattern
into an 55 adhesive layer to temporarily join together the fabric and
pattern; Fig 3 shows a portion of two cut-out fabric pieces with their
attached patterns being joined together along the size 16 sewing line
60 by a threaded sewing machine needle; Fig 4 is a plan view of a
fabric having a pattern attached thereto; said pattern having
decorative design indicia marked on its top surface with an embroidery
decorative design 65 having already been embroidered on one of said

design indicia; and Fig 5 illustrates a modification wherein suitable
spaced indicia are marked on a single piece of paper to act as a guide
for the 70 user in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the
use of a single pattern in contrast to the illustration of Fig 1
wherein a separate pattern is used for each component piece 75 For
clarity, the following are given as definitions of the terms used
herein:
The term " fabric " shall include any form of cloth, leather, straw
sheets or any other sheet-like materials used in the manufacture 80 of
garments hereinafter defined.
The term "garment" as herein defined shall collectively include
clothing for both sexes; accessories, such as gloves, scarfs, and
hats; furniture covering; stuffed animal cov 85 erings, household
furnishings, such as curtains, pillowcases; and in general any article
which is made of, or covered with, a plurality of pieces of fabric
sewn together.
The term " piece " shall mean any portion 90 784,701 of fabric cut out
or intended to be cut out to constitute a component part of a garment
to be sewn.
The term "indicia" shall mean any guide lines, instructions, or any
other markings on the pattern to indicate the manner in which a fabric
and its attached pattern or pattern portion are to be cut, registered
and assembled together with other fabric pieces and attached patterns
or pattern portions.
This term also includes decorative design markings, which are to be
guides for effecting embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or
garments.
The term "sewing" shall include hand stitching with needle and thread
or machine stitching with needle and thread.
The term "embroidery" shall include both hand and machine embroidery
with needle and thread or yarn.
In general, the method involves the use of a pattern comprising a
paper having appropriate indicia marked on its top surface and a
coating of thermoplastic and heat sealable resin or wax material on
its undersurface, said thermoplastic material becoming adhesive in
nature on application of heat.
Accordingly, the pattern used in the method may be easily attached to
a fabric or garment by placing the pattern on a fabric or garment with
the underside of the pattern in contact with the fabric or garment and
causing the coating to become adhesive in nature upon application of
heat such as by pressing a warm iron over the top of the pattern
whereupon the pattern becomes temporarily bonded to the fabric or
garment Two different modifications of my pattern may be used in the
art of manufacturing garments or the lile In one modification, the

pattern has marked thereon suitable indicia such as cutting lines for
producing one component part of a garment as well as other suitable
indicia such as sewing lines and other instructions to guide the user
in joining the attached component fabric piece to other component
fabric pieces Thus in producing a garment, a plurality of such
patterns are employed for producing an equal number of component
fabric pieces as illustrated in Fig 1 The bonding of each pattern to
the fabric in a manner as hereinbefore described, gives the fabric a
consistency which facilitates forming operations By cutting a pattern
and attached fabric along the appropriate cutting line, the desired
fabric niece may be obtained The fabric pieces, including their
respective attached patterns, are then sewn together along appropriate
sewing lines to form the garment The patterns are then stripped from
their respective fabric pieces It should be understood that tiny
portions of each pattern underlying the respective threads may remain
fixed to the fabric and are held thereto by the threads, the remainder
of the pattern being stripped from its respective fabric pieces.
As an alternative to using a separate pattern for each component part,
a pattern may be used wherein suitably spaced indicia for 70 each
component part are marked on a single piece of pattern paper as
illustrated in Fig.
The indicia for the component pieces must be arranged so that the
fabric will be cut appropriately with respect to the texture 75 for
each component part In using such a pattern, the pattern is
temporarily bonded to the fabric as in the previous case and then the
fabric is cut along the appropriate cutting lines for each component
piece until all 80 of the component fabric pieces are formed.
The component fabric pieces are then joined in a manner described
hereinbefore In the present case, each component fabric piece will not
have attached to it a separate pat 85 tern, but will have attached a
corresponding pattern portion, since thile pattern has been divided
into pattern portions attached to their respective component fabric
pieces.
Whether individual patterns for each corn 90 ponent part or whether a
single pattern having indicia for more than one component part should
be used will depend upon the circumstances in each case If the
dimensions of a fabric are such that a single pattern having 95 all
component indicia cannot be fitted on the pattern then obviously
individual patterns for each component part may be used.
On the other hand, if the dimensions of a fabric are such that a
single pattern may be 100 used there are decided advantages in using
it First of all, the manufacturer of the pattern does not have to
manufacture a plurality of component patterns This lessens his
manufacturing cost because it eliminates 105 cutting out and folding a

plurality of patterns Secondly, the user does not have to bother
assembling the individual patterns in their appropriate positions on
the fabric in forming the component fabric pieces There 110 is also
the danger that one of the individual patterns may be lost before it
can be used which necessitates the renurclhase of an entire pattern
assembly.
My method is also useful in embroidering 115 decorative designs on a
fabric or garment In this case, the pattern is temporarily bonded to a
fabric or garment in the same manner as previously described The
pattern indicia is a decorative design marked on the pattern 120 which
guides the user in moving a threaded needle along the lines of the
decorative design indicia to produce the embroidered design After the
embroidered decorative design has been produced, the pattern is 125
stripped from the fabric or carment.
Any suitable paper or sheet material may be used in forming the
nattern used in my method Preferably the mnaterial that is used should
be sufficiently thin to facilitate the 130 784,701 cutting operation
when the pattern is used in tile art of manufacturing garments and
should be sufficiently flexible to facilitate seswuing operations in
making garments and embroidery operations in the production of
embroidered decorative designs on fabrics or garments.
Any suitable thermoplastic and heat sealable material which becomes
adhesive but wax-like in nature upon the application of heat may be
used as the coating material on the undersurface of the pattern paper
A lubricous, heat sealable material of this type will not hinder
sewing or embroidery operations, but on the contrary, facilitates such
operations because it functions as a lubricant for the sliding of the
needle during such operations Such materials are also important
because they do not impart any gummy or sticky character to the thread
or bobbin, whereas with starch base or other sticky adhesives the
thread and bobbin become ournmed up and do not function properly.
The thermoplastic bonding material may be coated on the paper by any
conventional coating operation such as by extrusion Preferably, the
thermoplastic coating covers the entire undersurface of the pattern
paper in a continuous manner It is not necessary that the entire
undersurface of the paper be covered, however, since the material may
be discontinuous in the form of spots placed at strategic positions
such as the four corners and middle portion, in the form of continuous
parallel strips, and various other modifications.
The preferred bonding materials of the present invention are the
polyethylenes, as exemplified by Du Pont's " ALATNON " Other suitable
thermoplastic materials are those of the polyvinyl chloride type, e g,
" polyvinyl acetate AYAA," manufactured by the Bakelite Division of
Carbide and Carbon Corp; vinylidene chloride polymers, such as "

SARAN," which is a Registered Trade Mark for vinylidene chloride-vinyl
chloride copolymers, manufactured by Dow Chemical Company: copolymers
of vinyl chloride; and vinyl acetate, such as " VYHN," manufactured by
Bakelite Division of Carbide and Carbon Corp; polyvinyl acetals, such
as " polyvinyl butyral XYSG," manufactured by Bakelite Division of
Carbide and Carbon Corp: thermoplastic chlorinated natural and
synthetic rubbers, such as "VISTANEX 7," which is a Registered Trade
Mark for a synthetic rubber of polymerized isobutylene type,
manufactured by Advance Solvents & Chemicals Corp; and " PLIOTLITE,"
which is a Registered Trade Mark for a cyclized rubber derivative,
manufactured by Goodyear Rubber Co; cellulose derivatives, such as
ethyl cellulose, manufactured by Herculles Powder Co, and waxy
substances such as microcrystalline wax 1005, manufactured by
Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.
In order to illustrate the invention more specifically, reference is
now made to Figs.
1-5 of the drawings As shown in Fig 1, 70 patterns 1-5, illustrating
typical patterns of the present invention, wherein individual patterns
are used for each component fabric piece, are shown attached to fabric
6 A cross-section of a typical pattern, such as 75 pattern 4, is shown
in Fig 2, said pattern comprising paper 7 having coated on its
undersurface a polyethylene thermoplastic resin forming a continuous
coating 8, said coating 8 having been extruded on said paper 80 by the
conventional extrusion method The patterns 1-5 are bonded to the
fabric by applying heat to said pattern pieces by means of iron 9 in a
manner shown in Fig 2 The warm iron 9 is moved over the pattern piece
85 1, whose undersurface is provided with the coating 8 in contact
with the upper surface of the fabric 1 The coating 8 is shown in full
line before it is subjected to heat and in dotted lines after it is
heated to an adhesive 90 state.
As shown in Fig 1, the patterns are provided with conventional cutting
and sewing lines After the patterns have been adhered to the fabric
the fabric along with its attached 95 pattern is cut along the cutting
lines indicated on each pattern.
In order to illustrate the sewing together of two cut-out pieces of
fabric 1 ' and 4 ', along with their attached patterns 1 and 4, 100
reference is now made to Fig 3 The cutout fabric pieces 1 ' and 4 '
are so arranged that these pieces form the intermediate layers, and
the patterns 1 and 4 form the top and bottom layers A cut-out guide
mark 105 is used in each of the cut-out fabric pieces and patterns to
provide a proper alignment of said cut-out fabric pieces The fabric
pieces are then sewn by needle 11 and thread 12 along size 16 sewing
line 13, indicated on 110 the top surface of pattern 1 After the
fabric pieces have been sewn together, the patterns are merely

stripped from their respective fabric pieces by hand.
Advantageously, the patterns used in the 115 method are simple in
construction and are highly efficient to use The forming operations
are greatly facilitated, and by use of the patterns of the present
invention an amateur at making clothes can produce garments 120 which
resemble those made by a professional.
It should be realized that any other indicia which would be helpful to
the users may be printed on the patterns of the present inven 125 tion
Hence, instructions, illustrations, as to what pieces should be
consecutively joined may be printed on the pattern as well as any
other pertinent information.
Referring now to Fig 4, a fabric 20 has 130 784,701 attached thereto a
pattern 21 The pattern 21 is provided with two decorative design
indicia marked thereon, one of said design indicia being hidden by the
decorative design 22 which has been embroidered along the decorative
indicia Decorative design indicia 23 can be readily seen as it has not
yet been utilized in making an embroidered design.
In Fig 5, there is illustrated a pattern 30 attached to fabric 6
wherein the pattern is provided with suitably spaced indicia forming
pattern portions 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 to act as a guide for the user
in producing all of the component fabric pieces by the use of said
single pattern 30 Accordingly, border lines 31 a-35 a of pattern
portions 31-35 act as cutting lines to guide the operator in cutting
the fabric The border portions being provided with appropriate sewing
lines for sewing together the component pieces and attached pattern
portions in a manner hereinbefore described.
The paper pattern described in the foregoing disclosure forms the
subject matter of my British Application No 15934 filed May 28, 1954
(Serial No 784,700).
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* GB784702 (A)
Description: GB784702 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to moulded or cast products and the making of
moulds therefor
Inventor: FREDERICK LEWIS DAVIS Date of filing Complete Specification
Dec 20, 1955.
Application Date Nov 25, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
784,702 No 34219/54.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 87 ( 2), A 1 R( 14 C 2: 20: 68 73), A 7 (A:
CX).
International Classification: -B 29 c, d, g.
Improvements in or relating to Moulded or Cast Products and the making
of Moulds therefor We, LONDON RUBBER COMPANY LIMITED, a British
Company, of Hall Lane, Chingford, London, E 4 do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to moulded or cast products and to the making
of moulds therefor, and has for its primary object to provide an
improved method of producing moulds.
According to the invention, a mould for a moulded or cast product is
produced by forming a thin flexible envelope having the shape of the
mould cavity, filling the said envelope with an easily removable
filling material, applying plaster or other material to the exterior
of the said envelope to form the mould, and removing the filling
material with or without the envelope to leave a cavity in the mould
of the required shape.
in a modification of the method according to the invention, the
filling material is a lowmelting point material poured into the

envelope in a liquid state and allowed to solidify, and the enveiope
is stripped off before the plaster or like investment is made, the
filling material being then melted out from the mould.
The invention will be particularly described with reference to the
making of formers for the production, by the dipping method, of rubber
gloves It has been found desirable, for some purposes, to employ
rubber gloves having roughened surfaces, and the roughening has
usually been produced either by spraying the gloves with latex or by
dipping them into a chemical solution which produces an irregular
etching of the glove surface.
By means of the present invention, it is possible to produce formers
which provide a roughened surface on the glove indistinguishable from
the surface produced by spraying or chemical treatment.
The following description relates to a number of methods of carrying
out the invention in the preparation of formers for makldng such
gloves.
In one method of carrying out the invention, a rubber glove having its
external surface 50 roughened by the known chemical process is turned
inside out and is filled with a fine powder or other filling material
to provide a substantial degree of rigidity A mould of plaster or
other suitable material is then formed 55 around the filler glove,
preferably in three or more pieces so as to be readily removable.
When the mould has set, the filling material is removed, leaving the
glove in the mould cavity The formers are produced by pouring 60
thermo-setting material such as urea-formaldehyde 'resin in a liquid
state into the glove contained in the cavity, hardening the
thermosetting material, parting the mould, and stripping the glove
from the former Gloves hay 65 ing surface roughening identical with
that of the original glove can then be produced by dipping the former
in a latex or other liquid, curing the resulting envelope, and turning
the said envelope inside out when it is removed 70 from the former The
use of the original glove as a lining in the mould prevents the
formation of flash at the joints in the plaster If the original rubber
glove has a smooth surface, neither it nor the final glove need be
turned 75 inside out.
If a metal former is required, a first, divided, plaster or similar
mould is produced as described above, but with the giove having its
roughened side outwards, and the glove-lined 80 cavity is filled with
molten wax, which is allowed to solidify.
The glove with the wax inside it is removed by parting the divided
plaster mould, and a second, undivided, plaster or similar mould is 85
made by investment of the wax-filled glove.
The wax is then melted out, the glove removed and molten metal poured
into the second plaster or equivalent mould, which is broken away when

the metal has solidified The 90 784,702 second plaster or equivalent
mould must, in this case, be undivided, since a divided mould would
leave flash on the former, and the flash could not be removed without
spoiling the continuity of the roughened surface.
In another method of producing a metal former, the original glove,
which has a roughened external surface, is turned inside out and
filled with wax, the glove being stripped off the wax when the Iatter
has solidified, and the wax pattern thus formed being invested with
plaster or like material to form the mould, from which the wax is
removed by melting.
The metal former is then cast in the plaster mould.
Formers of thermoplastic material may be made by building up a stiff
rubber envelope on a previously produced and externally roughened
glove which has been turned inside out and filled with powder or
easily melted material, removing the filling and pouring the
thermoplastic material into the glove The stiff rubber envelope and
glove are removed when the thermoplastic material has set.
It will be understood that, by the method according to the invention,
the surface markings on a glove can be very accurately copied.
The invention is not limited to the production of formers for malking
rubber gloves, but may be used to prepare formers for other rubber
articles produced by the dipping method.
Moreover, moulds for articles other than formers may be produced by
the method according to the invention.
It will be understood that in some of the examples herein described,
the final former or other article produced will have external
dimensions corresponding to those of the exterior of the thin flexible
envelope, so that, in the case of a former, further articles produced
therefrom will be slightly larger than the envelope The thicmkness of
the envelope is normally so small that the increase in size is
unimportant but, if necessary, the envelope may be prepared with
smaller dimensions than the required final article.
In our co-pending Application No 336/55 (Serial No 784,703) we have
described and claimed a method of manufacturing a glove of rubber or
other thermoplastic material which consists in preparing a former
having the shape of a glove which has been produced on another former
simulating the true shape of a hand and has been turned inside out,
forming a glove thereon by dipping in the known manner, and turning
the glove so formed inside out The use for the manufacture of gloves
of the formers described herein which are produced in moulds having
the shape of an insideout glove, falls within the scope of that
application.
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