This document describes two patent specifications: 1) GB784858 (A) describes a process for manufacturing organic compounds containing phosphorus through reactions between halogen-carboxylic acid halides and compounds containing phosphorus. 2) GB784859 (A) describes improvements to electric discharge tube assemblies, including a resilient mounting of the tube in an outer protective jacket to avoid stress and damage to the tube. 3) GB784860 (A) describes improvements to detachable pipe couplings, including a locking surface on the socket part formed by a lug and a recess on the eccentric leading end of the spigot part to provide a smooth locking mechanism when the parts are turned.

1. * GB784858 (A)
Description: GB784858 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Process for the manufacture of compounds containing phosphorus
Description of GB784858 (A)
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and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
784,858 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April
12, 1954.
No 10774/54.
Application made In Switzerland on April 13, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957,
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C( 1 B 7: 3 B).
International Classification:-C 07 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for the Manufacture of Compounds containing Phosphorus We,
CIBA LIMITED, a body corporate organised according to the laws of
Switzerland, of Basle, Switzerland, do hereby declare the inventions
for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method
by which it is to be perforkmed, to be particularly described in and
by the following statement:-
This invention provides a process for making organic compounds
containing phosphorus of the general formula P, " in which R 1 and R 2
represent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or
heterocyclic residues which may contain substituents, R, and R 4
represent hydrogen, halogen, or a residue R 1, R, represents a
divalent bridge member, and N represents 0 or 1 Compounds of this
constitution are obtainable by reacting 1 molecular proportion of a

2. halogen-carboxylic acid halide of the general formula p 5 O a C-/lin
which R 3, R,, R,, and N have the meanings given above and Hal stands
for a halogen atom with 2 molecular proportions of a Compound of the
general formula > O po -AC /a in which R 1 atdlc R,, have the meanings
given T Price grid 4 S 6 m above, and Me represents metal.
When R 1 or Ra represents an aliphatic residue such residue may have a
straight or branched chain, and may be substituted or unsubstituted
There may be mentioned, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,
butyl, hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, octyl, 2-butyl-octyl, lauryl, octadecyl,
or a 2-chlorethyl group; and also radicals containing thiocyanic,
cyano or ester groups l The residues, R 1 and R 2 may be identical or
different When R 1 or R 2 represents an aromatic radical it may be
mononuclear or polynuclear and may contain nuclear substituents There
may be mentioned a phenyl, 2 or 4-chlorophenyl, 2:4-dichlorophenyl,
4-nitrophenyl-, 4-, methoxyphenyl, naphthyl or 4-diphenyl group, Among
the araliphatic radicals, which R 1 and R 2 may represent, there may
be mentioned the benzyl group, and among cycloaliphatic residues the
cyclohexyl group, and among heterocyclic residues the
tetrahydrofurfuryl group They are salts, for example, of dialkyl
esters or diaryl esters of phosphorus acid There are advantageously
used alkali salts of the phosphate esters, such as the sodium salts
There may be mentioned, for example, the sodium salt of
diethylphosphite, of dibutyl phosphite, of diphenyl phosphite or of
dibenzyl phosphite.
Halogen-carboxylic acid halides suitable for the process are, for
example, the chlorides of chlorinated acetic acids, such as
ehloracetic or trichloracetic acid chloride When such components are
used only one atom of the chlorinated acetic acid enters into
reaction.
Thus, there is obtained from 1 mol of trichloracetic acid chloride and
2 mols of the sodium salt of diethyl phosphite the condensation prow
duct of the formula o 5 O O O/p-C-0-P OS l-2 '111 K W 5 O 2 78485
The condensation in accordance with the invention is carried out by
reacting the components together in the relative proportions
hereinbefore mentioned They lead to unitary products Some condensation
may also occur to give a chloroacyl-dialkylphosphonate as in the
examples Owing to the fact that the reaction is often of an exothermic
character it may be necessary to bring the components together while
cooling and to dilute them with an inert solvent, such as benzene,
toluene, ether, dioxane, hexane or low boiling benzine.
The reaction is advantageously finished by heating the mixture at
about 40-120 C If the reaction components are suitably chosen the
condensation products can be distilled under reduced pressure
Depending on their constitution the products of the invention are high

3. boiling oils or solid substances They are useful as intermediate
products for a very wide variety of purposes A few of them: are active
against animal pests and can therefore be incorporated as active
agents in preparations for combating pests.
The following Examples illustrate the invention, the parts being -by
weight unless otherwise stated and the relationship of parts by weight
to parts by volume being the same as that of the kilogram to the
litre:
EXAMPLE 1.
14 parts of sodium are suspended in 800 parts by volume of anhydrous
ether and then 84 parts of diethyl phosphite are introduced dropwise
The mixture is allowed to stand for 10 hours at 40 C, then 50 parts of
chloracetyl chloride are added while cooling, and the reaction mixture
is allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 hours while stirring The
precipitated salt is filtered off, the solvent is distilled, and the
residue is fractioned Chloracetyl diethyl phosphonate of the formula 0
To 11 O Ca H 5 t'o rin, passes over at 108-110 C under 0 1 mm
pressure and diethyl-phosphon-acetyl-diethylphosphonate of the formula
Cab 5,,0 1 00/0 leq 5 CP ha' ps c 2 tt o o 25 passes over at 128-1290
C under 0 1 tam pressure.
EXAMPLE 2.
7 parts of sodium are suspended in 4001 parts by volume of anhydrous
ether, and 42 parts of diethyl phosphite are introduced dropwise while
stirring The whole is stirred for hours at 40 C, then 27 parts of
trichloracetyl chloride are added to the reaction mass, while cooling,
the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 6 hours, and
the precipitated salt is then filtered oft By evaporating the ether
and distilling the residue at 90 C under 0 2 mm pressure there is
obtained tri 60 chloracetyl-diethyl-phosphonate of the formula t-e I-e
v g / Io o e /ts and diethyl phosphon dichloracetyl
diethylphosphonate of the formula patt ox, Ilp x e// O o/ a e aster Ca
O O 10 5 /Ise is obtained at 123-124 C under 0 1 mm pressure.
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* GB784859 (A)

4. Description: GB784859 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in electric discharge tube assemblies
Description of GB784859 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
I/tcntor:-WILLIAM JOHN DRUICE.
D),t,, offiling Complete Specification: March 29,1955.
p).A uication Date: April 30, 1954 No 12691154.
inplete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), D( 9 A: 9 B: 9 H: 11: 35).
International Clasification: -H O lj.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Discharge Tube Assemblies.
We' lENTELIHARD INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of 52 High Holborn, London, W C 1,
England, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-
The invention relates to electric discharge or arc tubes of the kind
in which a current at high voltage is passed through a sealed tube or
burner within a surrounding protective jacket, and is particularly
adapted to means for securing to the jacket an endpiece through which
the lead-in wires are passed to the burner or arc tube.
Known methods of mounting the tube in the outer jacket lacked
resilience, with the result that the tube was stressed and often
fractured or otherwise damaged The invention has among its objects to
avoid this disadvantage, and to provide a simpler and more effective
mounting of such tubes.
According to the invention an electric discharge tube assembly
comprises an electric discharge tube mounted with one end projecting
into a cup-shaped ceramic member and connected through said member to
a source of current supply, a flat ceramic ring through which the end
of the tube extends and by which it is supported, an annular recess in
the inner periphery of the cupshaped member at or near the rim, in
which recess the ceramic ring is supported at the circumferential
edge, a protective jacket which surrounds the discharge tube in spaced
relation thereto, and which bears at one end against the rim of the
ceramic ring, with packing interposed, and means for holding the

5. cup-shaped member, the ceramic ring and the end of the protective
jacket in pressure-tight engagement.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l In a preferred construction according to the
invention, the end of the tube is mounted to extend through a circular
opening provided in a flat ceramic ring which serves as a vertical
closure plate for a cup-shaped ceramic moulding which is formed with a
base part through which the lead-in wires are introduced, the base
part being of a diameter less than the diameter of the upper part of
the cup-shaped member A protective glass jacket for the tube is formed
at the circumference to an enlarged crosssection to bear against the
outer end face of the ceramic ring at or near the outer edge of the
ring and the jacket is held in position by the turned down edge of a
steel ring surrounding the upper part of the moulding.
A packing strip is provided between the enlarged rim of the jacket and
the surfaces of the ceramic ring, the moulding and the steel ring.
According to the invention furthermore, the steel ring is clamped
around the upper part of the ceramic moulding by means of metal strips
welded respectively to the two adjacent ends of the ring, one strip
passing through a slot in the other and being folded back over two
turned back lugs provided on the slotted strip, whereby the ring is
held in close engagement around the ceramic moulding.
One free edge of one of the strips may be adapted to be bent into a
plane normal to the base of the strip and formed with a slot to serve
as a supporting bracket.
The ends of the tube which are provided of reduced cross-section are
each provided with a cup-shaped metal canister having a central hole
which fits around the end of the tube, and at the outer end formed
with a laterally extending flange against which rests the vertical
ceramic ring which 784,859 784,559 is received in an annular recess
formed in the inner surface of that part of greater diameter of the
cup-shaped ceramic moulding.
The flange of the canister is curled at the circumference to engage
the circumferential run of increased cross-section of the glass
jacket.
The invention is diagrammatically illustrated by way of example in the
accompanying drawing which shows a side elevation partly in section of
an arc tube assembly according to the invention.
Referring to the drawing the ends of the arc tube 1 are formed in
known manner to a reduced section and are sealed around the lead-in
wires A nickel cup-shaped canister 2 with a central opening fitted
over that part of the end of the tube of reduced crosssection to
surround with sliding fit the end of the tube proper, is itself
supported within a central opening in a ceramic ring 3 which stands in
a vertical plane The open end of the canister is formed with an

6. outwardly directed lateral flange to bear against one 2, side face of
the ceramic ring 3 The ceramic ring 3 is seated in an annular recess
formed in the inner periphery of the open end of an enclosing
cup-shaped ceramic moulding 4.
At the open end the moulding is formed to a greater diameter than at
the base or closed end, through which the lead-in wires 5, with
adequate insulation, are passed.
A glass jacket 6 surrounds the arc tube in the usual way, with its
circumferential rim 7 formed to a rounded and increased crosssection
to be received into the open end of the ceramic moulding 4 and to bear
against a side face of the ceramic ring 3, at the circumference, a
resilient packing S of any suitable material surrounding the edge of
increased section 7 of the glass jacket 6.
The ceramic ring 3 and glass jacket 6 are held relatively immovably
with respect to the ceramic moulding 4 by means of a steel ring or
strip 9 which is turned down at its edges to form annular flanges to
fit closely around that part of increased diameter of the ceramic
moulding 4 and the rim of increased cross-section of the jacket 6 The
ends of the steel ring 9 are held together by inter-engaging metal
strips 10 welded respectively to the adjacent ends of the steel ring 9
The free end of one strip is formed as a tongue to pass through a slot
11 provided in an appropriate position in the other strip and is bent
back over two lugs formed laterally at opposite positions on the
slotted strip and which are bent inwardly The end of the slotted strip
is bent upwardly and is formed with a slot opening 12 in one side, to
serve as a mounting bracket.
Y entilation or lead exit holes 13 may be formed in that part of the
moulding 4 of reduced cross-section and also in the ceramic ring 3.
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* GB784860 (A)
Description: GB784860 (A) ? 1957-10-16

7. Improvements in or relating to detachable pipe couplings
Description of GB784860 (A)
We, EXACTOR LIMITED, a Company organ-
ised under the laws of Great Britain, of Church Way, Edgware,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
This invention relates to detachable pipe couplings in which at least
one part (the part connected to the supply side) of the coupling is
equipped with a self-closing spring-loaded valve which is opened by
the other part when the two parts of the coupling are presented to one
another: more particularly the invention is concerned with such
couplings in which the two parts are formed respectively as a socket
and a spigot which can be fitted axially to one another and then
turned to bring locking surfaces into cooperation to hold the parts
against axial separation: this form of coupling is well known and will
be referred to as couplings of the kind referred to.
The main object of this invention is to provide an improved form of
locking surface which will be smooth in operation and easy to produce.
According to the present invention, in a coupling of the kind referred
to the socket part has a locking surface formed by a lug extending
locally into the cylindrical spigotreceiving bore of the socket and
the cylindrical socket-engaging part of the spigot is formed with an
eccentric leading end of reduced diameter to enable it to pass into
the socket clear of the lug when the spigot and socket are in a
predetermined angular relationship, the eccentric leading end having a
locking surface formed by a peripheral recess which engages in locking
relationship with the lug when the two parts are turned lPrice 3 s 6 d
l angularly from the predetermined angular position.
When the coupling is intended for relatively high pressure work, the
locking surfaces are preferably formed to exert, as the two coupling
parts are turned into locking position, a camming action to move the
two parts axially into one another and so to open the valve or valves
which would, against the pressure acting on them: such valves would as
is now customary, be of the axially movable kind.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal sections of the two parts of a
coupling disconnected from one another, Figure 3 is a similar view
showing the parts coupled together, Figure 4 is an end elevation

8. looking in the direction of the arrow IV Figure 2, and Figure 5 an
elevation looking in the direction of the arrow V in Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, the socket part 1 of a coupling has a pin 2
disposed in its wall 3 so that the pin for part of its length extends
as a chord at and across the bore of the socket.
The spigot part 4 of the couplings has a cylindrical spigot 5 which is
a snug fit in the bore of the socket 3: near its leading end the
spigot 5 is formed with a peripheral groove 7 having a cross-sectional
shape corresponding to the section of the maximum projection of the
pin 2 into the bore of the socket 3 This leading end of the spigot 5
is formed with a reduced diameter portion 6 eccentric to the spigot
this reduction extending over the groove 7 so as to leave the reduced
end of the spigot with a maximum dimension corresponding to the
dimension D between the pin 2 and the opposed wall of the socket 3.
Thus, when the spigot 5 is in a certain 784,860 PATENT SPECIFICATION
Irtve? O o R:-CECIL NORMAN KING.
A l Date of filing Complete Specification: June 3, 1955.
Application Date: Allay 12, 1954 No 13957154.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 99 ( 1), G( 4 G: 14 A 1).
International Classification:-F 061.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Detachable Pipe Couplings.
s O 784,860 angular position relative to the socket and the pin 2, it
can be moved axially into the socket until the eccentric groove 7
registers axially with the pin By now turning the spigot, the flank
walls of the groove pass over the pin 2 so that the spigot and socket
become locked axially to one another in such a manner however that the
connection can be quickly released.
Is 1 The operation of inserting the plug 4 into the socket 1 unseats
an automatic self-closing valve arranged in the socket or in the
spigot or, as shown, in both depending on the requirements of any
particular installation:
13 in the construction shown the valve in the socket 1 is formed by a
head 8 of or faced with rubber or some such material, the head having
a stem 9 which is slidable in a guide in the bore in the socket; the
valve is 2: pressed by a spring 11 to engage a seating formed in a
flange 12 extending across the bore of the socket.
The valve in the spigot 4 is formed by a slidable sleeve 14 pressed by
a spring 15 to 2 ' engage a valve seating 13 on a stemn 17 secured to
the spigot When the two parts are presented to one another, the "'
fixed" valve seating 13 engages and opens the valve 8 and the sealing
flange 12 engages the sleeve 3 component 14 and displaces it from the
fixed valve 13, the reaction of the springs 11 and 15 releasably

9. holding the two parts in coupled position when the spigot part 4 is
turned to move the recess 7 over the pin 2.
If a self-closing valve were required in only one part of the
coupling, which would be the part connected to the supply side, it
would be formed in the spigot part 4, the components 8, 9, 10 and 11
not being pro4 O vided in the socket part, which however would retain
the flange 12 to co-operate with the sleeve valve 14.
For low pressure work, the operator could readily overcome the
combined spring and fluid pressure operating to close the valve by
applying end pressure when the coupling parts are applied to one
another High pressure work requires a greater effort and to facilitate
the fitting of the two parts, the eccentric groove 7 could have one of
its flank walls formed on a slope to its axis so that, when the parts
are fitted and turned, the sloping wall sets up a camming action on
the pin 2 and draws the parts together, with a mechanical advantage.
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* GB784861 (A)
Description: GB784861 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Process and mobile apparatus for drying moist grain
Description of GB784861 (A)
PAT-ENT SPECIFICATION
IQ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 26,
1954.
No 15533/54.
Application made in Germany on June 29, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceprance:-Class 34 ( 2), G 1 M(l: 2: 3),124 Gl.

10. International Classification:-F 26 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process and Mobile Apparatus for Drying Moist Grain We, RUHRCHEMIE
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Oberhausen-Holten, Germany, a German Company,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The invention relates to a process and mobile apparatus for drying
moist grain and is particularly applicable to the drying of
freshly-threshed grain.
it is an object of the invention to provide a mobile apparatus for the
drying of moist grain which operates effectively irrespective of the
inclination of the ground on which it is sited or over which it
travels when in use.
According to the invention, a process for the drying of moist grain,
particularly freshly threshed grain, in a mobile drying apparatus
comprises passing the grain downwardly in deep layers over at least
one pair of louvred or perforated surfaces provided in a drying
chamber of the drying apparatus so that the grain fills a major part
of the drying chamber, one of the louvred or perforated surfaces of
each pair being in the form of a funnel, heating air or other gas by
means of the waste heat and/or motive power of an internal combustion
engine, and passing the heated gas upwardly through the grain at such
a rate sufficient to eliminate the greater part of the pressure of the
grain on the louvred surfaces but insufficient to bring the grain into
the suspended state The internal combustion may, for example, be that
employed to effect travel of the drying apparatus over the ground and/
or that employed to drive the thresher.
According to the invention furthermore, a mobile apparatus for the
drying of moist grain, particularly freshly-threshed grain, comprises
a chamber provided with at least one pair of louvred or perforated
surfaces one of which is in the form of a cone and the other of which
is in the form of a funnel, over which surfaces the grain may travel
lPrice 3 s 6 d l downwardly under gravity through the chamber, means
for utilising the waste heat and/or motive power of an internal
combustion engine for heating air or another gas, and 50 means for
passing the heated gas upwardly through the chamber at a rate
sufficient to eliminate the greater part of the pressure of the grain
on the louvred or perforated surfaces 55 The air or other gas, which
may be heated by means of the water used for the cooling of the
internal combustion engine by passing the water through an
appropriately dimensioned air heater If an air-cooled internal 60
combustion engine is involved, the air used for cooling the engine may
itself be used for drying the grain It is also possible to use the hot

11. exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine for heating the air by
indirect heat 65 exchange.
The quantity of heat supplied by the cooling water, by the cooling air
and/or by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine required
for the movement of the whole 70 apparatus and for moving the air,
will generally not be sufficient to dry large amounts of grain It is
advantageous, therefore, to use an internal combustion engine which,
in addition to moving the portable apparatus, 75 drives an electric
current generator The electrical energy produced by the generator is
passed to a heater through which the air to be heated is passed.
The quantity of heat required in addition 80 to the waste heat of the
engine may also be produced by heating devices which are fired by
gasoline or diesel oil, that is, by the same fuel as that used for
driving the engine The air drawn in by a blower driven by the in 85
ternal combustion engine may be passed through the different heating
devices in any order of succession In general, the air drawn in will
be first used for cooling the engine or for cooling the engine cooling
9 o water and then for indirectly cooling the exhaust gases The
auxiliary heating device, 6,, Able which is operated electrically or
in any other manner, is advantageously disposed last in the order of
succession of the heating devices, so that the heated gases are blown
directly from the auxiliary heating device into the grain drying
chamber The amount of additional heat produced electrically or by
combustion may be regulated or controlled automatically according to
the temperature of the effluent drying gases or to the moisture
content of the grain charged or discharged, in order to ensure uniform
degree of drying of tile grain.
It is generally of advantage to provide A 5 means for adequate cooling
of the grain after the drying operation, in order that the dried grain
may be bagged or stored without difficulty For this purpose, the
portable drying apparatus may be provided with a cooling zone through
which the grain may travel downwardly after passage through the drying
chamber, the cooling zone being provided with a pair of surfaces
similar to those provided in the drying chamber and through which cold
air flows The air drawn in by the blower may be divided into two
streams, one of which streams is directly blo-vn into the cooling zone
of the drying apparatus whilst the other stream is passed through the
air heaters Adequate cooling of the grain may be ensured by control
means effective to vary the flow-rate or volume of the two streams.
It is more advantageous to draw in the cold air into the blow through
the layers of grain being cooled in the cooling zone, after which it
is blown through the heat exchangers operated by the internal
combustion engine and then, adequately heated, through the moist grain
in the drying chamber.

12. The invention is diagrammatically illustrated by way of example in the
accompanying drawings, in which several constructions of the apparatus
according to the invention are shown in part in vertical section in
each case.
The apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a mobile frame 1 which
supports a grain drier 2 and an internal combustion enso gine 3 The
internal combustion engine drives an electrical generator 4 and a
blower The suction or inlet pipe of the blower 5 is connected to the
lower section of the apparatus 2 and draws cool air through the two
lowermost grid surfaces of the drier The compressed air passes through
the water cooler 6 and thence through the waste heat exchanger 7 Then
it passes through an electric heating device 8 which is operated by so
means of the current generated by the generator 4 The sufficiently
heated air passes through an annular space situated below the two
uppermost plate grids and thence through the layer of grain travelling
down over the uppermost and second plate grids.
The air then leaves the grain drier at the top through an opening 9.
The moist grain may be charged into the drier 2 by means of a conveyor
i 0 while the treated grain is discharged by chute 11 and 70 elevator
12.
The apparatus illustrated in Figure 2 utilises the waste heat of the
internal combustion engine 13 installed in a tractor The drier 14, a
current generator 15 with a blower 75 16, and ani electric heating
device 17 are mounted on the portable frame 18 The blower 16, by means
of line 19, draws the air through the heat exchangers which utilise
the waste heat of the internal combustion engine 80 13 The air
preheated in this manner is then forced through the electric heater 17
and then into the grain drier 14 The grain to be treated is fed by
means of an elevator 20 and discharged in the dry state by means of 85
chute 21.
In Figure 3, the grain drier 22 is mounted on a tractor which can be
driven by the internal combustion engine 23 When the tractor is
stopped, the internal combustion en 90 gine 23 serves to drive a
current generator 24, the energy of which supplies a heater 25 with
current By means of the blower 26, cold air is drawn in through the
two lowermost plate grids of the apparatus 22 and 95 forced through
the heat exchange devices 27 and 28 through which the cooling water of
the engine and the exhaust gases flow Thereafter, the air passes
through the electric heater 25 and thence into the uppermost see 100
tion of the drier 22.
The grain to be treated is fed into the drier 22 by means of an
elevator 29 and filled into bags 30 directly below the treating
apparatus 105 The device shown in Figure 4 consists of a tractor 31
with a trailer 32 on which the drier 33, a blower 34, an internal

13. combustion engine 35, and a heating device 38 are mounted The blower
34 draws cold air 110 through the water cooling device 36 and the
waste heat exchangers 39 and 40 of the tractor engine The compressed
air is passed through the waste heat exchangers 36 and 37 of the
internal combustion engine 35 which 1155 drives the current generator
Thereafter, the air, which is already extensively heated, passes
through the electric heater 38 and thence into the drier 33 provided
with two superimposed plate grids 120 The apparatus illustrated in
Figure 5 comprises a mobile grain treating apparatus which, for
example, may bc moved over the field with a combined harvester and
thresher.
The internal combustion engine 41 drives the 125 generator 42 and a
blower 43 The cool air directly drawn in by the O blower is
successively passed through the waste heat exchanger 44, the water
cooler 45, the electric heater 46, and thence to the grain drier 47
130 784,861 one pair of louvred or perforated surfaces one of which is
in the form of a cone and the other of which is in the form of a
funnel, over which surfaces the grain may travel downwardly under
gravity through the 70 chamber, means for utilising the waste heat
and/or motive power of an internal combustion engine for heating air
or another gas, and means for passing the heated gas upwardly through
the chamber at a rate suffi 75 cient to eliminate the greater part of
the pressure of the grain on the louvred or perforated surfaces.
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* GB784862 (A)
Description: GB784862 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in flushing cisterns
Description of GB784862 (A)

14. PATENT SPECIFICATION
784,862; ( l -t Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
May 26, 1955.
No 16505/54.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 26, H 1 E 2 (F: M: N).
International Classification:-E 03 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Flushing Cisterns We, HENRY NELSON EWER, of
Kingfishers, Lymington, Hampshire, a British subject, and LEONARD
SHIBRO, of Birches Barn House, Birches Barn Road, Wolverhampton, a
British subject, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to flushing cisterns of the kind comprising a
water chamber or cistern provided with a bell adapted to be raised and
to operate a siphon whereby the cistern is emptied for flushing
purposes, the object of the invention being to provide a simple form
of flushinig cistern of this type which can be readily assembled and
dismantled, be reliable in operation and in which production costs are
kept to a minimum.
According to the invention a flushing cistern comprises a water tank
having a cylindrical open topped chamber extending from the base
thereof, a bell of two diameters to provide a tubular extension
projecting upwardly therefrom, the larger diameter of the bell being
slidably mounted within said chamber to rise and fall, a siphon pipe
projecting into the smaller diameter of the bell and opening below the
base of the water tank and within the bell, and co-operating ports in
said bell and the walls of the chamber permitting a siphonic action to
take place in the lowermost position of said bell, the bell having a
downwardly extending internal wall providing an annular chamber
forming an air pocket open to the larger diameter portion of the bell
to assist the upward movement of the bell when the water tank is
emptied.
One preferred construction of flushing cistern according to the
invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein the
figure is a sectional view of a flushing lPrice 3 s 6 d l cistern
showing the position of the parts during the times the cistern is
discharging and filling, or is fully charged with water.
Referring to the drawing 1 represents the water tank of the flushing
cistern, provided 50 with a siphon pipe 2 and a cylindrical open
topped chamber 3 provided with radial slots or ports 4, the chamber

15. having a cylindrical extension 5 below the base of the water tank 1 A
nipple 6 is provided 55 for the connection to a flush pipe; the nipple
may be formed integrally with the tank or be of separate construction
and screwed or moulded into the shell as shown.
The bell of the siphon is of two diameters 60 and consists of a tube 7
closed at its outer end and surrounding the siphon pipe 2 in such a
manner as to leave an annular space 9 and thus provide the outer leg
of the siphonic column The lower part of the siphon bell 10 65 is of
the large diameter and has a sliding fit within the chamber 3 of the
tank 1 This lower part of the siphon bell 10 is provided with slots or
ports 8 which co-operate with the ports 4 in chamber 3 The bell 10 is
70 provided with an upwardly extending annular chamber forming an air
pocket 11 open to the larger diameter of the bell which assists in the
upward movement of the bell when the water tank 1 is emptied in the 75
usual manner 12 is an actuating lever which is pulled down by the use
of a chain or other known mechanism when the flush is to be made and
13 the usual ball float shown diagrammatically for controlling the 80
water inlet valve and 14 a cover to the water tank The air pocket 11
is of suitable dimensions and cross-section.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows: 85 The siphon bell
comprising the parts 7 and 10 when at rest with a charged tank remains
in an upper position being held up by means of a balance weight (not
shown); water entering a ball-controlled inlet fills the 90 tank to
the indicated water line and flowing through the ports 4 fills the
bell portion 7 to the same level but leaves an air pocket 11 in the
annular portion of the bell 10 When it is desired to operate the
flush, the siphon bell is depressed by the action of the usual handle
and convenient mechanism causing the ports 4 to be covered and the
water trapped within the siphon bell to be forced upwards through the
annular space 9 to fill the siphon pipe 2 When the siphon bell is
fully depressed the ports 8 in the portion 10 thereof come opposite
the ports 4 and the siphonic action set up by the passage of water in
the siphon pipe 2 causes further water to be drawn through the ports
until such time as the water level in the tank is lowered to the edge
of the ports 4, when air is drawn into the bell and the siphonic
action ceases.
The siphon bell 7 10 is retained in the lower or flushing position
during the action of the flush by the downward pull or reduced
internal pressure exerted on it by the siphonic action When the flush
is completed, the bell 7 returns to the upper position under the
influence of its balance weight, the air pocket 11 assisting the bell
to rise.
The invention provides a flushing cistern of extreme simplicity, of
few parts and easily assembled or dismantled The operation is reliable

16. and the construction is such as to enable the parts to be manufactured
by moulding in resin materials such as polythene Production costs are
low and the siphonic parts of the apparatus independent of the bell
may be formed in one piece with the tank, so obviating possible
leakage.
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