This document summarizes a patent for a machine that applies rubber caps to containers. It describes a machine with fingers arranged in an annular form that can place a cap, and pistons that impart radial movement to the fingers. It also includes a rotary table to carry containers, a head carrying the fingers that can slide, and a piston to actuate the head. The machine applies caps by extending the fingers to stretch the cap over the container, then retracting the fingers to leave the cap in place.

1. * GB784688 (A)
Description: GB784688 (A) ? 1957-10-16
A machine for applying rubber or like caps to goods containers
Description of GB784688 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: CHIARLES ERIC MTILNER Zt SJJ Date of filing Complete
Specification April 6, 1956.
l/l '/F Application Date April 30, 1955 No I ; i Complete
Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance: -Classes 108 ( 3), R;,and 125 ( 2), E 3 (B 2 C:
Dl)o International Classification: -B 67 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICA TION A Machine for Applying Rubber or like Caps to
Goods Containers We, B Eg TON & STONE LIMITED, of Aston I 3 rook
Street, in the City of Birmingham, 6, a British Company, do hereby
declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention has for its object to provide in a convenient form, a
nmachine for applying caps made from rubber or like extensible
material to cartons, bottles or other goods containers.
A machine in accordance with the invention comprises the combination
of a plurality of fingers arranged in annular form and on the tips of
which a cap can be placed, a corresponding number of fluid-operable
plungers for imparting radial movements to the fingers, and means for
effecting relative axial movemehts of the container and fingers.
In P articular the invention comprises a machine having the features
specified in the preceding paragraph, in combination withl an
intermittently movable rotary table for carryikg the containers, a
relatively slidable head carrying the fingers and their actuating
means, and a fluidoperable plunger for actuating thehead.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of a
machine embodying the invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the machine on the line 1 1 of Figure
1, and Figure 8 is a sectional front elevation of the part of tbe

2. machine provided with the cap-extending fingers, Figures 2 and 3 being
drawn to a larger scale than Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, the machine there shown comprises a bed a,
a pair of vertical pillars b e xtending from the bed, a fixed head c
at the upper ends of the pillars, a slidable head d carried by the
lPri 784 A 688 12600/55.
pillars between the fixed head and the bed, and a rotary table e
supported on the bed concentrically with one of the pillars, the table
being provided with sockets f into which the lower ends of the
containers 50 can be inserted.
On the upper side of the fixed head e is centrally secured a vertical
cylinder g containing a double-acting piston from which extends a rod
h attached to the 55 slidable head d The motive fluid employed for
actuating this piston (and the other pistons to be hereafter
described) is preferably compressed air and on the fixed head is
mounted any convenient valve (not 60 shown) for controlling the
admission and discharge of air to and from each end of the cylinder.
To the slidable head is secured by means of posts i j a ring k made
from two 65 similar rings placed in contact with each other In one or
each of the contiguous faces of the rings are formed a pair of annular
passages m N (Figure 2) for conveying motive air to the cylinders to
be 70 hereinafter described, and these passages are isolated from each
other by sealing rings o (Figure 3) The two posts i serve only to
attach the ring k to the slidable head, but the two posts j are hollow
and 75 serve also to convey motive air to the said annular passages m
n To each post j is secured a pipe p which is telescopically slidable
in a pipe q secured to the fixed head c and each pipe q is connected
by a 80 pipe r to any convenient valve (not shown) for controlling the
flow of air to and from the ring passages m n.
At the underside of the ring k are arranged a number of iadially
mounted 85 cylinders S each containing a double acting piston t from
which extends a rod v.
To the outer end of each rod is secured a finger v, and the
arrangement of the fingers is su, ch that 90 784,688 they are disposed
in annular form around the central vertical axis of the rings with
their tips uppermost Preferably each finger has combined with its
lower end a horizontal guide rod W which is parallel with the
associated piston rod and is supported by a guide lug x on the
underside of the associated cylinder Also the ing is provided with a
pair of slippers y which partially embrace the pillars b and serve to
hold the ring centrally between the pillars.
Between the ring k and the table e are mounted a pair of grippers 2
for gripping the container 10 to which the cap 3 (Figure 3) is to be
attached, the grippers being carried by piston rods 4 extending from

3. pistons contained in a pair of cylinders 5 carried by the pillars b,
the purpose of the grippers being to centralise the container with
respect to the vertical axis of the fingers, and hold it when the cap
is being applied Air for the gripper cylinders is controlled by any
convenient valve 6 mounted on the bed a.
The valve 6 associated with the grippers is actuated by a lever 7
mounted on the bed a and which at one end carries a roller 8 in
contact with the periphery of the table In this perip Lery are formedl
notches 9 which can be successively occupied by the roller 8 only when
a container is in its proper position.
In each cycle of operations, the attendant places a container 10 into
each in turn of the sockets f on the table, and then first actuates
the lever 7 for disengaging the roller 8 from the table The effect of
this movement of the lever is to epen the associated valve 6, so
enabling the air admitted to the gripper cylinders to retract the
grippers The attendant then turns the table by hand to bring the
cohtainer to the cap-applying position.
Release of the lever allows it to return for engaging the roller with
the adjacent notch in the table, and by this movement the valve 6
causes the grippers to be released so that they can move into contact
with the container under the action of springs contained in the
gripper cylinders Also the attendant applies a cap 3 to the fingers
The attendant then actuates the valve which admits air to the finger
cylinders whereupon the fingers ara all simultaneously moved outwardly
for stretching the cap to a larger diameter than the upper end of the
container 'Subsequently another valve is actuated for 0 admitting air
to the cylinder,q causihg the head d to lower the ring k for
dep)ositing the cap on the container Continued downward movement of
the head causes the fingers to leave the cap, whereupon the cap
contracts on the upper end of the 65 container Whilst the fingers are
still extended, the head is theb returned to its upper position, and
on reaching this position the fingers are returned to their contracted
position for reception of the cap 70 to be attached to the next
container.
The various valves which control the movements of the slidable head
and fingers are inter-related by any convenient means for ensuring the
actuation in the desired 75 sequence in each cycle.
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4. * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784689 (A)
Description: GB784689 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to comb-type band-pass filters
Description of GB784689 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7846859 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 3,
1955.
No 16029/55.
Application made in France on June 3, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 40 ( 8), Y( 1: 6).
International Classification:-HO 3 h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Comb-Type Band-Pass Filters We,
COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SA Ns Fi L, a French Body Corporate,
of 79, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
The present invention relates to band-pass filters of the so-called
"comb type," that is to say filters with a transmssion characteristic
which is a function of frequency and the curve of which is in tooth
form with equally spaced teeth More specifically the invention relates
to filters of this type wherein the input and output circuits are
coupled by the magnetostrictive effect respectively to two
magnetostrictive portions of a bar which is thus made the seat of
mechanical oscillations, of the same frequency as the electrical
oscillations applied thereto through the input circuit As is well
known, the fundamental harmonic frequencies of this bar correspond
respectively to the frequencies of successive teeth of the filter
transmission characteristic curve.
The resonance frequency of a bar is a function of the length of the
bar and of the propagation velocity of the mechanical oscillations in

5. the bar A disadvantage of known filters which use longitudinal
oscillations is that they are too long to meet the requirements
existing in certain applications.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetostrictive
comb-type filter having good filtering characteristics while avoiding
the above disadvantage of excessive length.
In the filter according to the invention, the magnetostrictive input
and output portions are twisted or torsioned, beyond the elastic limit
of the material of which they are constituted, through an angle
sufficient to ensure that substantial torsional oscillations arise
together with the longitudinal oscillations due to magnetostrictive
effect Two clamping arrangements are respectively provided at the two
ends of the bar, outwardly with respect to the lPrice 3 s 6 d l
magnetostrictive portions of the bar, in order to constitute obstacles
which reflect torsional oscillations while passing longitudinal
oscillations which are then absorbed.
The invention will be better understood from the following description
and appended drawing, wherein:
Fig 1 shows very diagrammatically a bar filter in accordance with the
invention; Fig 2 shows, in elevation, the twisted portion of the bar
of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a modification of Fig 2; Fig 4 shows, to a larger
scale, an embodiment of one end of the arrangement shown in Fig 1; Fig
5 is a section along V-V of Fig 4; Fig 6 shows the transmission
characteristic of a filter according to the invention.
The filter shown in Fig 1 comprises an input circuit 4 and an output
circuit 5, magnetostrictively coupled respectively through windings 3
and 31, to two magnetostrictive portions 1 and 1 ' of a bar 2 At
either end of this bar, beyond portions 1 and 11, there is provided a
reflective means, for example a clamping device 6, or 6 ', so arranged
that the clamped zones of the bar form obstacles which reflect the
torsional oscillations of the bar, but which pass the longitudinal
oscillations without reflection.
Figs 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the clamping device It comprises a
support 21 and a cap 23, between which are respectively inserted jaws
26 and 27 These jaws are provided with mating notches 29 and 30 having
the shape of the bar 2 Thus the bar is securely clamped, when screws
24 are tightened The thickness e of jaws 26 and 27 is very small
compared with the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency
of the bar In this way, the jaws present substantially no obstacle to
the propagation of the longitudinal oscillations along the bar Of
course, the bar must withstand the crushing pressure exerted by the
clamps As an example, treated steel jaws should have a thickness of 1
mm or of a few tenths of millimetre in most cases.
7 G In order to absorb longitudinal oscillations propagating in the

6. bar 2, absorptive means is provided, for example in the form of two
sleeves 7 and 71 made of a material having considerable internal
friction, such as rubber, as shown in Figs 1 and 3 They are in close
contact with the bar at either end thereof, outwardly with respect to
the clamping devices 6 and 6 '.
The bar 2 is firmly held at its two ends by means of clamping
arrangements 8 and 8 '.
At least one of these arrangements comprises means for tensioning the
bar 2 These means may comprise for instance a support 11 in which is
slidably mounted an internally threaded holder 12, wherein a knob 13
is screwed A groove 14 is provided on the outer surface of the holder
12 and a stud 15, which prevents the latter from rotating, penetrates
in this groove The bar is clamped between a concave portion of the
holder 12 and a mating portion 16, secured thereto by means of two
screws 17.
It is obvious that by rotating the knob the holder 12 is slidably
moved on the support 11 and the tension of the bar 2 is regulated.
The two arrangements 8 and 81 are secured to a base 18 Clamping
devices 6 and 61 are also secured to the base 18 The winding 3 is
provided with a magnetic yoke 9 and a screen and assembly 3, 9, 10 is
secured to clamp 6 Winding 31 is similarly mounted with respect to
clamp 61 The magnetic circuits of windings 3 and 31 are respectively
completed by portions 1 and 1 ' of the bar 2.
In accordance with the invention, portions 1 and 11 are twisted,
beyond the elastic limit of the material of which they are made,
through an angle sufficient to ensure that substantial torsional
oscillations occur together with longitudinal oscillations resulting
from magnetostriction in those portions and conversely Fig 2 shows the
twisted portion 1 of a bar 2 of circular section The portion 1 is
limited by sections a and b Any generatrix, which initially was
parallel to the bar axis, follows, once the bar has been subjected to
torsion, a substantially helical line C The length of the twisted
portion 1 and the angle of torsion are not critical Preferably, the
twisted portion of the bar 2 should be contained within the excitation
zone of winding 3, and its length should be nearly equal to the
thickness of the latter, which thickness should moreover be kept as
small as possible, in order that the resonance conditions of the bar
shall be fulfilled for harmonic frequencies of high order As an
example, with a bar 2 mm in diameter, good results have been obtained
with a twisted portion 1 about 15 mm long, the angle of torsion being
of the order of 450.
Fig 3 shows twisted portion 1 of a bar of rectangular section.
Whether bar 2 be circular, rectangular or any other section,
experience shows that longitudinal oscillations occurring in the

7. twisted portion 1 generate torsional oscillations and conversely The
bar 2 used in the filter of the invention must be such that its
torsional resonant frequency is equal to the fundamental 70 frequency
of the pulses applied to the input 4 of the filter How a bar must be
chosen to have a given resonant torsional frequency is well known in
the art.
The operation of the filter described is as 75 follows: when
electrical pulses of a frequency F are applied to the input circuit 4,
the winding 3 is the seat of electrical oscillations of frequencies F,
2 F, 3 F, 4 F-n F Through magnetostrictive effect these electrical
oscilla 80 tions produce in the twisted portion 1 of the bar 2
longitudinal mechanical oscillations at those same frequencies These
longitudinal mechanical oscillations are propagated along the bar on
either side of portion 1; they 85 traverse without appreciable
reflection the obstacles respectively presented by the clamps 6 and 6
' and are absorbed by the damping sleeves 7 and 71 As already pointed
out, torsional mechanical oscillations of frequencies 90 F, 2 F, 3 F-n
F are generated at the same time.
They are also propagated along the bar, but are completely or
substantially reflected by the clamps 6 and 6 '.
In these conditions, stationary torsional 95 waves are generated in
the bar 2 Since the bar, as a whole, is so selected that it is in
torsional mechanical resonance for the fundamental frequency F, the
torsional oscillations generated in the twisted portion 1, whose fre
100 quencies are F, 2 F, 3 F-n F, put the bar in torsional mechanical
resonance, and the mechanical oscillations thus produced have much
higher amplitudes than those generated in portion 1 and from which
they originate The 105 torsional mechanical oscillations resulting
from the resonance of the bar generate, in the twisted part of the
bar, longitudinal oscillations having the same frequencies, and these
longitudinal oscillations generate, by magneto 110 strictive effect,
electrical oscillations of the same frequencies in the output winding
31.
The circuit 5 thus becomes the seat of pulses with recurrence
frequency F.
The transmission characteristics of the filter 115 under consideration
has the form shown in figure 6, for the case where F= 500 cycles per
second; plotted as abscissa are the values in kilocycles per second of
the transmitted frequencies f, and as ordinates the corresponding 120
values of the transmission coefficient T.
Thus, the operation of the filter according to the invention is based
on the resonance of torsional mechanical oscillations The bar may
accordingly be much shorter than in known 125 filters wherein use is
made of the resonance of longitudinal mechanical oscillations, since

8. the velocity Vt of propagation in the bar of torsional oscillations is
less than the velocity V, of longitudinal oscillations For example,
130 784,689 shaped characteristic is obtained.
It will be noted that by operating as set forth above, clamps 6 and 61
are tightened 60 only after the bar has been put under tension.
As a result, the tension of the bar is taken up only by the fixing
devices 8 and 81, and the jaws 26 and 27 of each clamp 6 and 6 ' are
not subjected to lateral stresses 65 The thickness of these jaws can
thus be reduced to a minimum, and no longitudinal shift of the bar at
the clamped zones need be expected.
The bar 2 may be constructed entirely of a 70 magnetostrictive metal
such as nickel, or of an alloy so selected as to possess, in addition,
propagation characteristics which are independent of temperature The
bar may also be provided with magnetostrictive portions 1 and 75 11
made, for example, of ferrite only near windings 3 and 31 The
remainder of the bar is then of duraluminium.
As in most arrangements utilising magnetostriction, it is preferable
to polarize magnetic 80 ally the active parts of the bar This
polarization may be provided either by means of an externally placed
magnet or by an extra winding, or again, by passing a direct current
through windings 3 and 31 85 Filters according to the invention
possess characteristics of great interest In one example, employing a
nickel bar 2 mm in diameter, setting the clamps 1,5 meters apart and
using sleeves 7 and 7 ' of about 0,25 90 meters in length, it is
possible to produce a filter operating on a fundamental frequency of
1,000 cycles per second, transmitting 200 harmonics, passing correctly
5 microsecond pulses and still giving satisfactory information 95 for
1 micro-second pulses, the improvement of the signal to noise ratio
being, in this case, about 17 db.
In another example having substantially the same operating
characteristics, the nickel bar 100 had a rectangular section of 0,5
mm by 3 mm, the distance separating the two clamps was 0,46 meters,
and the length of sleeves 7 and 7 ' was about 0,25 meter.
The invention is not restricted to the 105 examples shown and
described, and numerous modifications can be made without departing
from the scope of the invention.
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9. * GB784690 (A)
Description: GB784690 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in regulating devices for gas turbine engines operating by
controlling the fuel supply thereto
Description of GB784690 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 10, 1955.
Application made in France on June 11, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
784,690 No 16802/55.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 110 ( 3), C 1 OE( 1 B 3:1 B 4:2 A); and
135, P( 1 C:1 F:1 H:4:16 E 5:
21:24 KX:24 X:26).
International Classification:-FO 2 c, CO 5 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Regulating Devices for Gas Turbine Engines operating
by controlling the Fuel Supply thereto We, SOCIETE NATIONALE D'E Tu DE
ET DE CONSTRUCTION DE MOTEURS D'Av IATION, a French Body Corporate, of
150 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France, do hereby declare the
invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:The present invention
relates to an improvement in the regulation of turbo-jet units,
turbo-propulsion units with a view to avoiding the extinction of such
installations, and the mismatching thereof owing to surging of the air
compressor There exist limit values for the two cases On the one hand,
if the quantity of fuel injected falls below the limit corresponding
to the delivery pressure of the compressor, the jet unit is
extinguished, while on the other hand if the quantity of fuel becomes
too great the compressor operates the under surging conditions and the
jet unit becomes mismatched.
According to the invention, the supply of fuel to the combustion
equipment of a gasturbine engine is maintained within the limits
corresponding respectively to extinction and mismatching of the engine

10. for every running condition thereof, by means of a regulating device
comprising a member movable to control the fuel supply to the engine
and associated with stops limiting the displacement of the said member
in both directions so as to allow an acceleration up to the upper
limit prescribed by the stop and similarly a retardation down to the
lower limit, the position of the said stops being automatically
adjusted in response to the delivery pressure of the compressor of the
said engine.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawings in which: Fig 1 is an explanatory graph; Figs 2 and 3 show
diagrammatically, in two different operating positions, a device
illustrating the principle of the invention; lPrice 3/6 l Fig 4
illustrates a constructional form of a complete abutment device
according to the invention; Figs 5 and 6 show the abutments in their
50 two end positions; Figs 7, 8 and 9 are graphs illustrating the
operation of this device.
The graph of Fig 1 has been drawn by plotting along the abscissae the
pressure p 2 55 taken on the delivery side of the compressor of the
turbo-unit and along the ordinates the flow of fuel C in litres per
hour.
The line a represents the variations of the C 60 limit ratio above
which the turbo-engine P 2 becomes mismatched (excess of fuel) The
line b represents similarly the variation of C the limit ratio below
which the turboP 2 engine is extinguished (insufficient fuel).
Finally, the curve c represents the normal operating characteristic of
the turbo-engine 70 The turbo-engine must be controlled or regulated
in such manner that the point representing operation corresponding to
a pressure p 2 and to a flow C always remains between the lines a and
b These lines may 75 be undesirably exceeded for various reasons, for
example owing to excessively sudden movement of the lever controlling
the regulation or the influence of atmospheric conditions at high
altitudes or during high-speed 80 flight.
Generally speaking, the known regulating devices affect two
quantities, namely the speed of rotation of the turbo-engine and the
temperature of the gases Since the opera 85 tion of a device according
to 'the invention may be explained by considering only the regulation
of the speed of rotation, no reference will be made in the following
description of the regulating device to the members 90 affecting the
temperature regulation.
In Figs 2 and 3 of the drawings, there is 784,690 shown at 1 the
piston of an oil servo-motor acting on a fuel supply regulator 2 The
fuel delivered by the pumps arrives at 2 a and flows by way of 2 b to
the burners of the combustion chambers The regulating device 2 is a
slide valve which, when moved past the groove or slot 2 c formed in

11. the inner wall of the cylinder 2 d, varies the quantity of fuel
admitted into the duct 2 b extending to the burners.
Figs 2 and 3 show the end positions of this regulating device, one of
which corresponds to minimum flow and the other to maximum flow.
A lever 3 pivotally mounted at a fixed point 3 a is coupled at one end
to a train of manometric capsules 4 disposed in a fluidtight chamber
5, which is joined by a duct Sa to the delivery side of the air
compressor 5 b of the turbo-engine The lever 3 has at its free end two
teeth 3 b, 3 c separated by a gap, which form abutments for the curved
end 2 e of the rod common to the piston 1 and to the regulating member
2 Since the position of these abutments 3 b and 3 c depends upon the
pressure p on the delivery side of the compressor owing to the
manometric capsules 4, it will be appreciated that the distance
between these abutments may be so determined that the operating point
always remains between the lines a and b of the graph of Fig 1.
Fig 2 thus shows that if the quantity of fuel is reduced, the abutment
3 b becomes operative to limit the travel of the regulating member 2
in the direction of the throttling of the flow, while Fig 3 shows that
the abutment 3 c takes effect to limit the travel of the regulating
device 2 in the direction of an increase in flow Figs 2 and 3 show
respectively the positions of the abutments for low pressure and for
high pressure on the delivery side of the compressor.
The arrangement hereinbefore described is only intended to illustrate
the principle of the invention.
On the one hand, for reasons of stability of regulation and owing to
the considerable forces exerted on the driving piston 1, it is
preferable that the capsule 4 should not become directly rendered
operative.
On the other hand, the graph 1 of Fig 1 shows that it is desirable to
make the gap between the abutments variable as a function of their
position, that is to say, of the pressure P 2, In the constructional
form illustrated in Fig 4, the impulses of the capsules 4 are applied
to a distributing slide valve 6 which is movable in the central bore
of a piston 9 and controls the orifices 7 and 8 of the chambers 11 and
14 situated on the respective faces of the said piston in the fixed
cylinder 9 a Oil under pressure flows to the ports 10 and 16 through
ducts 9 b connected to the general feed system of the hydraulic
controls of the engine.
The expansion of the capsules 4 under the action of a reduction of the
pressure p.
moves the slide valve 6 towards the right 70 against the action of the
spring 17 and enables the oil to enter the chamber 11 through the port
10 and orifice 7, while at the same time the oil situated in the
compartment 14 flows to the outside through the orifice 8 and 75 a

12. duct 15 The piston 9 is therefore moved to the right until the pistons
12 and 13 of the distributing slide valve again mask the orifices 7
and 8 In the contrary case (under the action of an increase of p), the
oil enters So) the chamber 14 through the orifice 8 and port 16, and
the oil situated in the chamber 11 flows to the outside through the
orifice 7 and duct 15 In this case, the spring 17 maintains the slide
valve 6 in contact With 85 the capsules 4 and causes it to follow its
movement towards the left The movements of the piston 9 therefore
always correspond to the movements of the capsules.
The two abutments for the limitation of 90 the travel (of the
regulating device 2) are coupled to the piston 9 These two abutments
consist of the two levers 18 and 19, which are connected together by a
connecting rod or link 20 of adjustable length and 95 separated by a
predetermined distance D.
If the fixed pivot points 21 and 22 about which the levers 18 and 19
can rock are suitably chosen, the distance D may be made to vary as a
function of the position of the 100 piston 9, that is to say, as a
function of the pressure p 2, so as to follow the variation of the
distance between the ordinates of the lines a and b (Fig 1).
Figs 5 and 6 show the two end positions 1 o 5 of the abutments and the
distances D, and D, between them in these positions, which distances
have been plotted on the graph of Fig 7 By adjusting the length of the
link and the length h I (Fig 4) of one of the 110 lever arms, for
example of the lower arm of the lever 19, it is possible to change the
extreme values D, and D 2 as also the ratio thereof in order to adapt
the device to the admissible tolerances 115 In the illustrated
embodiment, the link '0 comprises two oppositely threaded portions
combined with a double nut 20 a permitting of lengthening and
shortening the link by rotation in one direction or the other In 120
addition, the lever 19 is connected to the said link by a screw 19 a,
a cut-away portion of which turns in a sleeve 19 b articulated to the
link at 19 c.
Fig 4 illustrates the invention as adapted 125 to a regulation in
which the centrifugal force of flywheel weights 26 driven by the shaft
of the turbo-engine is used for adjusting the speed of rotation.
For changing the speed of rotation of the 130 784,690 engine and
obtaining, for example, a higher speed of rotation, the control lever
23 is rocked to the right so that the cam 24 increases the force of
the adjusting spring 25, which has hitherto been in equilibrium with
the thrust of the weights 26 Consequently, the slide valve 27 is moved
and opens the passage 28 The oil under pressure arriving through the
passage 30 flows through the passage 28, enters the compartment 31 and
moves the servo-piston 1 The oil which was situated in the compartment
32 is expelled through the passages 29 and 34 The movement of the

13. servo-piston 1 produces through the movement-multiplying lever la a
displacement of the regulating piston 2 in the direction corresponding
to an increase in the flow of fuel to the burners 35 and this movement
continues until the end 2 e of the rod of the regulating piston comes,
into contact with the abutment 18 At this instant, the point "E" of
the graph of Fig 8 is reached From this point, the increase in the
speed of rotation is controlled by the increase in the pressure p,
along the curve a corresponding to the mismatching limit, since the
regulating member follows the movement of the capsules 4 and of the
piston 9 controlled by the pressure p 2, as hereinbefore described.
When the point "F" of the graph of Fig.
8 is reached, the thrust of the weights 26 and that of the spring 25
are again in equilibrium, that is to say, the passages 28 and 29 are
again closed by the bosses of the slide valve 27 The impulse to which
the regulating member has been subjected then ceases The regulating
member finally takes up an intermediate position in which the quantity
of fuel corresponds to the point "G" on the characteristic curve c The
desired speed of rotation is thus reached.
The graph of Fig 8 shows the movements of the regulating member in the
case of acceleration, while the graph of Fig 9 illustrates the case of
deceleration.
It will be appreciated that it is possible through the intermediary of
the piston 9 to ensure a perfectly stable supporting of the end 2 e of
the rod of the regulating member by the levers 18 and 19 regardless of
the forces exerted on this regulating member by the piston 1.
It will also be appreciated that the invention affords the advantage
of reducing the acceleration and deceleration times for changing from
one state of operation to another, while ensuring reliable operation
of the jet unit.
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* GB784691 (A)
Description: GB784691 (A) ? 1957-10-16

14. Improvements relating to trucks
Description of GB784691 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: HERBERT JOHN FRAMHEIN 7 $z Date of application and filing
Complete Specification: June 17, 1955.
) No 17544155.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 79 ( 3), A 2 (D: P); 79 ( 4), B 3 82; and
79 ( 5), H( 5: 12: 24).
International Classification:-B 62 d, f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Trucks We, THE YALE AND TOWNE MANUFACTURING
COMPANY, a Corporation organised under the laws of the State of
Connecticut, United States of America, of 405, Lexington Avenue, New
York 17, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to a truck of the type illustrated in British
Specification
630,290, employing a combined steering and traction wheel for very
sharp steering of the truck in order to permit the use thereof in
narrow aisles such as are found in industrial plants and warehouses In
the truck of our patent a very short turning radius is possible
through the mere turning of the combination traction and steering
wheel However, it has been found that trucks of the particular class
lack the stability of a four wheel truck in which the load platform is
naturally supported at four points, or even of a three wheel truck
where two of the wheels are arranged along one longitudinal axis and
the third wheel on a laterally spaced axis.
The problem is further complicated, naturally, when the truck is of
the pallet lifting type in which a very low platform is adapted to
enter between the upper and lower floors of a conventional industrial
pallet.
Naturally, pallet trucks must have a lifting wheel under each side of
one end of the lifting platform, these wheels being adapted to enter
the pallet.
In order to solve lhe problem, it has been proposed that a truck of
the particular class have four wheels, two being the load supporting

15. wheels under the lifting platform, while the other two wheels are
carried by the forward end of the truck or that end of the truck on
which the operator may wish to stand More particuarly, it has been
proposed that one of the wheels at the forward lPrice 3 s 6 d) end of
the truck be a caster wheel carried by the frame of the truck, and
that the other wheel be a combined steering and traction wheel so It
has been maintained that a truck so constructed will have the
stability of a four wheel truck, while yet being just as manoeuvrable
as the three wheel truck illustrated in our earlier patent However, it
has 55 been found in a truck of the particular type that it is
necessary to compensate for irregularities in the floor by providing a
spring between the caster wheel and the frame of the truck to permit
some vertical movement of 60 the caster wheel relatively to the truck
On poor flooring it will be appreciated that the traction of the
combined steering and traction wheel will vary constantly as the
caster wheel moves to take up irregularities Of 65 course, under
certain conditions the caster wheel will be unable to take up these
irregularities and the frame will naturally distort, while frequently
the weight on the traction wheel will be reduced to a point where trac
70 tion and braking are not very effective.
Further, any wear on the traction wheel, and this will be rather
considerable where the traction wheel carries a rubber tire, must be
compensated for by vertical adjustment 75 Otherwise, there will be
further distortion of the frame of the truck, while the spring action
of the caster will become increasingly more effective as the wearing
on the traction wheel tire increases So In addition, in a truck of the
particular class having a traction and caster wheel combination,
should the combined traction steering wheel be turned to a sharp angle
with the caster wheel not aligned in the 85 direction of movement of
the truck at that angle, there will be a tendency to shear the tire
off the caster wheel Actually, if the caster wheel is at right angles
to the direction of movement of the truck as determined 90 by the
combined steering and traction wheel, it is possible to damage the
caster wheel and Lh C 91 its tire.
The particular problem thus presented to the prior art is rather
considerable, and many solutions have been attempted over a period S
of years We believe that the contribution set forth in this
application is one that solves this long-standing problem Thus,
according to the present invention, there is provided a truck of the
type set forth comprising a truck frame, a pair of wheels for
supporting one end of said truck frame, a beam, means pivoting said
beam to the other end of said truck frame centrally of said beam and
in the longitudinal axis of the truck to support the other end of said
truck frame, means mounting a steering and traction unit as a unit on

16. one end of said beam adjacent one side of the truck frame for rotation
bodily relatively to said beam, said steering and traction unit moving
bodily as a unit with said beam as said beam pivots relatively to said
truck frame, steering means for rotating said steering and traction
unit bodily relatively to said beam, an idler wheel mounted on the
other end of said beam adjacent to the other side of said truck frame
for pivotal movement in an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of
said traction unit relatively to said beam in response to steering
movement of said steering and traction unit, said steering and
traction unit comprising the combined steering and traction wheel and
motor means for driving said combined steering and traction wheel only
whereby the idler wheel does not contribute to the driving or braking
of the truck, and a steering connection between the idler wheel and
the combined steering and traction wheel.
In addition, our truck is well supported on all types of flooring
without distortion of the frame, while the tractive effort remains the
same at all times due to the equalising action of the beam carrying
the two wheels.
Further, it is not necessary to adjust the traction unit and its
steering and traction wheel to compensate for tire wear, because of
the inherent construction of the truck.
Objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the
following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a
side view of a pallet truck that embodies our invention in a preferred
form.
Fig 2 is an end view of the truck shown in Fig 1 Fig 3 is a transverse
sectional view showing the relationship of the beam to the frame of
the truck Fig 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig 5
Fig.
5 is a plan view taken approximately on the line 5-5 of Fig 3, and
indicating also the relationship of the wheels as they are turned for
steering the truck Fig 6 is an end view similar to a part of Fig 2,
but indicating the rocking action of the beam in passing ovei
irregular ground.
In the pallet truck that we have chosen to illustrate for the purpose
of describing our invention, a load platform 10 is supported at its
forward end upon the main frame 11 of 70 the truck and at its rear end
upon wheels 12, this being a customary arrangement in the particular
type of truck Also, as a source of power for the truck, a battery 13
is supported on the main frame 11 ahead of the 75 platform 10, and the
steering and driving means for the truck are mounted on the frame
forwardly of the battery 13 In the prior art, the front supporting
wheels and the driving and steering means have taken 80 various forms,

17. but none of these have offered in the combination the advantages that
are inherent in our novel construction now to be described.
In our invention, we utilise a transverse IS beam 14 through which a
traction wheel 15 and an idler wheel 16 adjacent opposed sides of the
truck support the front end of the truck, and through which these
wheels have a compensating movement that affords a very 90 efficient
action of the steering and driving means This beam 14 is mounted to
rock about the longitudinal axis of the truck, and for this purpose we
provide a pivot pin 17 that is best seen in Figs 3 and 4 The pivot 95
pin 17 is mounted upon the frame 11 of the truck, and the ends of the
pin 17 are rotatably held in a pair of vertical brackets 18 mounted
between a pair of frame members 19 that form a part of the main frame
of the 100 truck The pivot pin 17 is secured in a lug 14 a located
centrally on the underside of the beam 14, this lug extending between
the frame brackets 18 so as to prevent substantial end play of the
beam relatively to the 105 truck The truck frame includes a transverse
vertical member 20 and a U-shaped end member 21 between which the
wheels 15, 16 are located, and to which the frame members 19 are
assembled in a longitudinal 110 position between the wheels 15 and 16.
The traction wheel 15 is a part of a steering and traction unit that
rocks integrally with the transverse beam 14, and that also rotates on
a vertical axis relatively to the 115 beam for steering the truck The
steering and traction unit is mounted through a turn table 22 that
rotates on ball bearings 23 in an opening in one end portion of the
beam 14 The traction wheel 15 is mounted be 120 neath the turn table
22 by a pair of brackets 24, 25 in which rotate the ends of the drive
shaft 26 upon which the traction wheel 15 is fixed The arrangement is
such that the wheel 15 is centered relatively to the turn 125 table
22, so that when the turn table rotates the wheel pivots about its own
central vertical axis The bracket 24, best seen in Fig.
3, is formed to provide a gear casing that encloses a gear 27 fixed
upon the shaft 26 and 130 784,691 I such as the universal joints 47,
48 will absorb the rocking movement in the steering, while the ball
joints on link 56 will act similarly for the breaking means.
It will be appreciated that the wheel 16, 70 being an idler wheel,
does not contribute to the driving and braking of the truck, and
therefore the pivot pin 17 is normally required to accept the rather
considerable eccentric forces that result from the position 75 of the
traction wheel 15 entirely at one side of this pivot pin The pin 17 is
quite capable of accepting these eccentric forces, but we nevertheless
prefer to apply the propelling force of the traction unit to the frame
of 80 the truck in a more direct manner, and for this purpose we
utilise a torque finger 59 integrally mounted on the left hand portion
of the transverse beam 14, as viewed in Fig 5.

18. As the beam 14 rocks, the torque finger 59 85 moves in the space
between a pair of vertical wear strips 60 mounted on the frame 11.
The torque finger 59 does of course bear against one or the other of
the strips 60 depending upon the direction in which the force 90 is
applied, and actually the driving force of the traction unit is
accepted in a balanced fashion between the wear strips 60 and the
pivot pin brackets 18.
The idler wheel 16 is positively steered 95 The idler wheel 16 is
mounted upon the beam 14 by a turn table 61 that in its essential
respects is a duplicate of the traction unit turn table 22 Of course,
because the idler wheel 16 is not driven, we utilise a simple U-shaped
100 bracket 62 for mounting the shaft 63 of the idler wheel relatively
to the turn table 61.
The particular arrangement places the turn table 61 below the driver's
platform 36 with the idler wheel abreast of the traction wheel 105 15,
the idler wheel 16 being mounted to rotate on its own central vertical
axis, this axis being parallel to the steering axis of the traction
wheel 15 Therefore, the normal motion of the truck produces no
steering 110 effect upon the idler wheel 16, and in order to steer
this wheel simultaneously with the traction wheel 15 we utilise the
steering connection shown in Figs 4 and 5 This connection is in the
form of a connecting rod 64 115 that is attached by pivots 65, 66 at
its opposed ends to the traction wheel turn table 22 and to the idler
wheel turn table 61 The pivots 65, 66 are angularly displaced a
predetermined amount relatively to each other 120 when both of the
wheels 15 and 16 are in straight ahead position, as will be understood
by those acquainted with the art, so that the wheels in steering the
truck will both tend to swing the truck about a common 125 center.
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* GB784692 (A)
Description: GB784692 (A) ? 1957-10-16

19. Improvements in or relating to processes and machines for the continuous
production of sections from synthetic resins
Description of GB784692 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Processes and Machines for the
Continuous Production of Sections from Synthetic Resins
We, RENE IMBERT and PIERRE DE VIN-
ZELLES, both citizens of the French Republic, the former of 14 Rue Ibn
Batouta, Casablanca, Morocco, and the latter of 10, Rue
C sar Frank, Casablanca, Morocco, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement :
Synthetic materials obtained by polymerization or polycondensation
processes and available in fluid condition but capable of being
hardened through a heat and/or chem ical treatment are more and more
employed for producing a wide variety of articles. It is a
conventional practice to associate such materials with reinforcements,
particularly to impregnate fibrous reinforcements with such materials
and, in some cases, to superimpose a plurality of fiber webs thus
impregnated with a view to obtaining a final laminated product made up
6f fibrous strata impregnated with resin: the fibrous reinforcements
may be made of glass fibers, for example felted into a mat, or weaved,
braided, knitted or likewise made into fabrics wherein the component
fibers extend in particular directions instead of at random.
As starting materials for the manufacture of laminates, unsaturated

20. polyesters produced from the reaction of polyacids with polyalcohols
(at least one of the monomers being an unsaturated compound) and which
are still in flowing condition, the big mole- cules thereof being
substantially linear, are particularly desirable. For effecting a
crosslinking between the big linear molecules and thereby hardening
the polyester,' a crosslinking monomer which may additionally play the
part of a solvent for the linear polyester may be employed. With a
view to causing or promoting hardening, an accelerator or drying agent
may be added.
Unsaturated linear polyesters which are commonly employed are ethylene
glycol polymaleates or polyfumerates, or allyl poly phthalates.
For the purpose of accelerating the rate of setting, acyl peroxides
(benzoyl, lauroyl, capryl and like peroxides), ketones such as methyl
ethyl ketone, ketone peroxides, in particular cyclohexanone peroxide,
cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, tertiary butyl peroxide, diazo compounds and
so on, are employed as catalysts by amounts of about 0.1 to about 5
per cent. As promoters, cobalt salts, particularly cobalt naphtenate
of cobalt maleate, manganese salts, aromatic polyamines, dimethyl
aniline and other compounds are usually employed, depending upon the
catalyst which is selected.
Whether polyester or epoxide (ethoxylin) resins are considered,
seeping is effected in most cases with the help of heat or anyhow can
be caused in that way. For that reason and for the sake of
convenience, polyester resins and epoxide resins will be considered
herein as members of the general class of thermo-setting resins.
This invention generally relates to the manufacture of hard sections,
reinforced or not, from fluid or pasty resins which are capable of
being given a predetermined shape and whose hardening can be effected
by applying heat thereto: such resins will hereinafter be referred to
as thermosetting materials. The invention relates more particularly to
the continuous production of hard sections, whether reinforced or not,
having an indefinite length and constant cross-sections, for example
plates, sheets. bands, tubing and the like.
It is generally known to develop heating materials by placing the same
in an alternating field of high-frequency. More particularly it has
previously been proposed to move a material progressively through a
high frequency field and through a press, for example a press
comprising a series of pairs of press ing rollers. Heating by means of
high frequency currents has also been proposed for melting- a
heat-hardenable adhesive agent, after which the molten agent is
hardened while it is interposed between the surfaces to be united. It
has further been proposed to subject a thermosetting material
containing a sponging agent to the effects of a high-frequency
electrostatic field, in a process for converting a body of such

21. material to the cellular condition.
The present invention comprises a process for curing a thermosetting
material, more particularly a polyester or epoxide resin, in which
high frequency electric waves are passed through the material.
According to the invention a series of trains of high frequency
electric waves spaced apart by time intervals longer than the duration
of one train are passed through the thermosetting material between two
conductors in direct contact therewith or separated therefrom by a
film of a mold release agent.
As an electric wave train is released, it causes through dielectric
losses, an internal heating which is distributed homogeneously through
the whole mass traversed by the waves, and either as a consequence of
or parallel with said heating, an exothermic reaction is triggered
more particularly in the case of unsaturated polyesters; the
e,otherm- ic reaction may proceed after the wave train has ceased to
pass and presumably corresponds to a starting or a continuance of
crosslinking reactions.
With alternating periods of passage of high frequency current and
periods of rest, it is thus possible to increase the temperature in
the thermosetting material by successive heat supplies which are
delivered partly from outside with a consumption of electrical energy
and partly, in the periods of rest, by chemical internal reactions
which have been started electrically.
It is then found that the period for obtaining a hard product is
greatly reduced and may be of the order of one second or a few
seconds.
The most effective frequencies (which vary in accordance with the
materials to be treated) are of the order of one megahertz to several
hundreds of megahertz, particularly of the range of about 30 to about
50 megahertz. Instead of continuously passing the material through a
curing zone or spacedapart curing zones as will hereinafter be des-
cribed, setting may be promoted by passing wave trains through the
material. In that case. the period of passage of a wave train may be
of the order of a quarter of a second.
It is generally desirable to pass at least two and up to ten or more
wave trains, separated by rest intervals of the order of two to
fifteen seconds.
According to the preferred embodiment of this invention, the
thermosetting material is passed at a predetermined rate through high
frequency electrical wave generating zones, which are stationary and
mutually spaced apart, so that each cross-section of the material is
acted upon by wave trains in the conditions above defined, and the
material is shaped or formed to the desired cross-section in at least
one of said zones while said material is being subjected to the action

22. of electrical waves; the material may be treated in the form of an
uninterrupted length of any extent, or in the form of successive
sections.
For carrying the preferred embodiment into effect, this invention
comprises a shaping and curing machine in which the essential parts
comprise a group of complementary shaping members made of a conducting
material, inserted in a high frequency electrical circuit and defining
between them a channel of predetermined cross-section for shaping the
material which passes therethrough to the desired cross-section. All
shaping members or some of them may be stationary: as an example of a
stationary shaping member there may be mentioned a table on which the
material is passed in its travel and which provides a support
therefor. The complementary shaping members are employed as armatures
for condensers in which the dielectric is constituted by the material
passed through the channel defined by said shaping members. In
practice, the machine comprises several successive groups of
compleinen- tary shaping members. Each group thus plays a double part,
viz, maintaining an alter nating potential difference between opposite
surfaces of the thermosetting material, and mechanically shaping the
material to the desired cross-section.
For preventing the thermosetting material from sticking to the shaping
members, a film of a mold release agent may be maintained or kept up
on the operative surface of the shaping members, or a strip or sheet
of mold release agent may be passed between said operative surface and
the surface of the thenno- setting material.
Where laminated sections having constant cross-sections are to be
produced continuously a machine according to this invention may
comprise before the first group of shaping members, one or more spools
each arranged for the delivery of a sheet or band of reinforcing
fibrous material, and means located before the ingress of said sheet
or band into the channel defined between the shaping members of the
first group, for depositing thermosetting material, a catalyst if need
be, and as the case may be an accelerator or promoter on said sheet or
band, unless such ancillary material or materials have already been
incorporated in said thermosetting material. The ancillary material or
materials referred to may be deposited by spraying, dipping, spreading
(e.g., with a knife) brushing or the like.
Other features and objects of this invention will become apparent from
the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings given by way of
nonlimiting examples.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a shaping and curing
machine in accordance with this invention, for the product tion of
sections having an indefinite length and constant, non-tubular

23. sections;
Figs. 2 to 4 are elevation views of groups of shaping rollers;
Fig. 5, similar to Fig. 1 shows a like machine adapted for the
production of an indefinnite length of tubing;
Fig. 6 is a cross-section taken along line VI VI on Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is an electrical diagram of a high frequency device for
applying a high alternating potential to a pair of shaping rollers;
Figs. 8A and 8B show modifications of the diagram of Fig. 7 in the
case of the production of tubing;
Fig. 9 is another electrical diagram in which each pair of shaping
rollers is associated with an oscillator.
Referring to the diagrammatic showing of
Fig. 1, a shaping and curing machine for the production of sections
having an indefinite length and constant, non-tubular cross-section
comprises three successive sets for shaping and applying high
frequency electrical current which in this instance is supposed to be
delivered from a common generator 1; each set comprises a group of two
shaping rollers 2a-2b, 3a-3b, 4a-4b having complementary profiles,
made of conducting material and connected in parallel to the terminals
of generator 1. As shown, a table 5 for guiding and supporting the
material in the process of treatment may be provided between the
successive roller groups, and may extend as shown beyond the final
shaping group 4a4b
Arranged before the shaping roller groups and rotatably supported for
delivering individual webs of reinforcing fibrous material, for
example glass fiber mats or glass fiber cloths, are spools 6, 7, 8;
further spools 9, 10 are likewise arranged and supported to deliver
individual films of mold release agent, for example regenerated
cellulose films, for preventing the thermosetting material from
sticking to the shaping rollers; arranged to spray thermosetting
materials on each face of the fibrous material webs are nozzles 11,
12, 13 and 14; the thermosetting material may already contain a
catalyst and, as the case may be, an accelerator or promoter;
alternatively, further nozzles (not shown) may be provided to spray
such ancillary agent or agents in the rear of the thermosetting
material spraying zones. Finally squeezing devices (not shown) or
equivalent devices for removing excess thermosetting and ancillary
materials from the fiber webs preferably are provided in the rear of
the nozzles.
The shaping rollers such as 2a and 2b may be cylinders having smooth
peripheral surface, or peripheral surface comprising portions in high
or sunken. relief, for example mottled or corrugated. Fig. 2 shows an
example of a pair of rollers one of which 15a is bulged intermediate
the ends thereof while the other one 16b has a corresponding groove,

24. for producing a trough-shaped laminate 16.
It is possible to effect a stepwise shaping where the section to be
produced should have a more complicated profile. Figs. 3 and 4
illustrate how such a stepwise shaping can be effected in the case
where- a U-shaped section is to be obtained.
In that case, the first shaping group or each one of the first shaping
groups comprises two rollers 17a, 17b (Fig. 3) of less width than the
web or webs impregnated with thermosetting material in order that only
the middle portion 18 of the same is cured or partly cured by the
action of said rollers while the marginal portions 19 are not or
substantially not cured; in addition to the rollers referred to, side
tables (not shown) may be provided to support said marginal portions
19. Following the shaping group or groups 17 are one or more groups of
shaping rollers 20tz-20b, 21a-2lh (Fig. 4) having vertical axes, for
causing curing or incipient curing of the marginal portions 19,
previously bent up for example by skew guiding surfaces. Arranged to
support the bottom face of the U-section 18 while the marginal
portions are bent up and then cured, is a table 22.
Where shaping is thus effected by successive steps, it is generally
desirable not to employ an accelerator or to apply such an accelerator
only locally, at first on the middle portion 18 before it enters the
nip between rollers 17a-17b, then past said rollers on the marginal
portions 19 before said marginal portions reach rollers 20-21.
In the machine so far described, one or more groups of shaping rollers
may be driven to cause progression of the material which is being
cured; alternatively or additionally, roller groups adapted to draw
the material may be provided after the last shaping roller group
4a-4b.
It should be understood that the foregoing example is not limiting and
purports to villus trate various possibilities at the disposal of one
skilled in the art. As stated above, feed spools such as 9 and 10 may
be omitted and in that case provision should be made to maintain or
renew a film of mold release agent on the rollers, tables and like
parts of the machine.
Instead of being sprayed with the thermo setting material and, as the
case may be, ancillary materials which have not as yet been assocated
therewith, the fibrous webs supplied from spools such as 6, 7, 8 may
be impregnated with thermosetting material by being passed through a
vat containing the same, then if required squeezed or similarly
handled and thereafter, as the case may be, sprayed with an
accelerator before engaging the first group of shaping members. It
should be understood that this invention is not restricted to any
specific manner of impregnating fibrous webs with thermosetting
materials.

25. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the arrangement of the essential parts (with
a diagrammatic showing) of a shaping and curing machine designed for
the production of tubing.
The essential parts comprise a central mandrel 23 made of conducting
material, connected to a terminal of a high frequency wave generator
24, and successive groups of shaping members such as groups of grooved
rollers 25a-25b, 26a-26h, 27a-27b and 28a- 28b, each arranged around
mandrel 23; for the sake of simplicity in the showing, it has been
asumed that the various groups are connected in parallel to the other
terminal of generator 24.
The machine further comprises means to provide an anti-adhesive sheath
around the mandrel and means for covering said sheath with one or more
fibrous webs impregnated with thermosettina material.
According to the example shown, the first means comprise spools 29, 30
for delivering regenerated cellulose films 31, 32 and a conical guide
33 for incurving the films and causing the same to fit around the
mandrel into a split sheath.
The second means, of a well-known type, comprise one or several braked
spools 34 adapted to deliver a web 35 of fibrous material and
rotatably supported in oblique position on a turntable 36 borne on
rollers. The mandrel 23 thus receives a simple or multiple helical
winding of fibrous material. The numerals 38 and 39 denote nozzles for
spraying thermosetting material on both faces of web 35: as described
with reference to Fig. 1. additional nozzles may be provided to spray
ancillary materials on the web at places where the web has already
received thermosetting material.
instead of winding fibrous web 35 directly around the regenerated
cellulose films, it is possible to cover said films with intermediate
fibrous webs impregnated with thermosetting material and arranged
lengthwise like said films, then to wind web 35 spirally around said
intermediate webs so that the drawing force in stripping the films is
not applied directly to web 35 and thus is not likely to distort said
web,
Alternatively or additionally, the means for laying up fibrous webs
may comprise a conical guide similar to guide 33 for causing a sheath
of webs unwound from spools arranged like spools 29, 30, to be fitted
around the regenerated cellulose sheath. In that case it is preferred
to impregnate the inner face of each web before the web enters the
conical guide. and to impregnate the outer face after the web egresses
out of said guide. The conical guide 33 may also be arranged both for
fitting the regenerated cellulose sheath around the mandril and for
fitting fibrous webs around said sheath. Whetller the first conical
guide for fitting fibrous webs around the regenerated cellulose sheath
is the conical guide 33 or is separate therefrom and located

26. thereafter. said first guide may be followed with one or several
similar guides adapted and arranged for laying up successive layers of
fibrous material.
The above described manner of causing the material to progress through
the machine shown on Fig. 1, is also applicable to the machine for the
production of tubing according to Fig. 5.
Whatever the case may be, where a rotary shaping member is not
cylindrical, it may comprise a pile of disks which are coaxial but
mutually independent so that they can rotate at the same peripheral
speeds in spite having different diameters.
With a view to applying a high alternating potential difference.
preferably at a high frequency, any suitable source of alternating
voltage may be employed. In that respect. it is preferred to insert in
an oscillating circuit tuned to resonance, the condenser which is
provided by the shaping members together with the thermosetting
material plaving the part of a dielectric.
For that purpose. the oscillating circuit comprising such a condenser
i5 preferably directly coupled with an oscillating tube to control the
oscillating frquencv of said tube.
in order that any freguenev shifting caused by varirrtions of the
condenser capacity do not result in untuning the oscillatine circuit.
It should be understood in that reeard that slight variations in the
thickness of the material UX.h7c17 is being treated or in tulle
dielectliC properties thereof are capable of altering the condenser
capacity.
For example the mounting diagram shown on Fig. 7 mQv be employed. The
condenser comprising a pair of shaping rollers 40a-40h and the
material 41 to be shand is connected to the ends of a winding 4 to
provide an oscillating circuit. Magnetically coupled with winding 42
is another winding 43 inserted in the anodic circuit of a triode 44.
and the oscillations are maintained by means of the grid circuit
winding 45 which is also coupled magnetically with the first two
windings.
With a view to causing the mounting to oscillate, the magnetic
coupling of windings 47, 43 and 45 is variable; the frequency is
determined by the oscillating circuit L C constituted by the induction
coil 42 and the condenser 40a, 40b, 41.
For the purpose of bringing the alternating potential thus set up
between members 40a, 40b to a level just below that corresponding to
disruption of the dielectric 41, one of the windings, for example
winding 43, may have a variable connection in order that the number of
turns of the winding coupled with the oscillating circuit may be
varied.
Where the shaping members are designed for the production of tubing,

27. i.e., where they co-operate with an internal mandrel, any one of the
mounting diagrams shown on Fig. 8B may be employed. Referring to Fig.
8A, shaping members 46a, 46b are connected to the ends of winding 42
while mandrel 47 is earthed or vice versa. In the case of Fig. 8B, one
of the ends of winding 42 is connected to mandrel 47 while the other
end of said winding is connected in parallel to the shaping members
46a, 46b.
Where several pairs of shaping members are provided to act
successively on the thermosetting material, the various shaping
members may be energized from the same alternating potential
generator. Preferably each pair of shaping members is inserted in an
oscillating circuit energized from an independent oscillating tube.
The mounting may be as shown on leig. 9.
Each pair of shaping members 48a-48b, 49a-49b, 50a-50b is associated
with an induction coil, specifically coils 51, 52, 53, coupled with
anodic coils 54 55, 56 of triodes 57, 58, 59. In each one of the
oscillators thus constituted a condenser 60, 61 or 62 provides for the
required coupling between the grid and the anode, to maintain
oscillations. Electrical energy is supplied to the oscillating
mountings from a common source, which may be a low voltage line 63 and
a high voltage line 64. With a view to avoiding parasitic couplings
between the various oscillators condensers 65, 66 and 67, which may be
associated with induction coils 68, 69 are provided so as to prevent
high frequencies set up by an oscillator, from interfering with
frequencies set up by an adjacent oscillator.
A machine similar to that shown on Fig.
S may also be employed for the purpose of covering wires or cables,
i.e., where a metal core which will remain within the final product is
substituted for mandrel 23. In that case, the conical guide 33 may be
arranged to act as a squeezing device for threads or the like
impregnated with thermosetting material, which are delivered in a
similar manner to films 31, 32 to provide a covering bundle around the
core; around the bundle is then laid or wrapped a strip of regenerated
cellulose film which for example is wound in the same manner as web
35, or the bundle may be covered with a mold release agent in any
other manner. In that case, instead d placing the shaping rollers 25,
26, 27, etc., as shown on Eig. i e shifting each pair of rollers by
909 with respect to the next preceding one, it is desirable to have a
smaller shifting angle, for example to place the second pair at 60
from the first one, and the third pair at 1203.
Again, instead of connecting the pairs of rollers to a terminal of the
source of current and the cable core to the other terminal, every
second pair of rollers may be connected to one terminal and the other
pairs to the other terminal.

28. It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the
examples given above.
In particular the reinforcing or filling material associated with the
thermosetting material may be in any other form than that of fibers
woven or felted into a web, or no reinforcing or filling material at
all may be employed. In that case, the machine may sim- ply have,
before the first group of shaping members, a device for the delivery d
thermosetting material (as such or previously admixed with filling or
reinforcing material), for example a die, an extruding head, a pair of
rollers or the like which delivers a band, a strip, a sheet, a tube or
like length of said thermosetting material or a mix containing the
same.
What we claim is :
1. A process for curing a thermosetting material, more particularly a
polyester or epoxide resin, wherein a series of trains of high
frequency electric waves spaced apart by time intervals longer than
the duration of one train are passed through the thermoset- ting
material between two conductors in direct contact with said material
or separated therefrom by a film of mold release agent.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, where in the electrical waves have
a frequency of the range of one megahertz to several hundreds of
megahertz, particularly of from about 30 to about 50 megahertz.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 1 or in
Claim 2. wherein two to ten or more wave trains. each of which has a
duration of about one quarter of a second, are passed through the
thermosetting material at time intervals of the order of at least two
seconds.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the foregoing claims for the
continuous production of sections havin an indefinite length and
constant cross-section, wherein the thermosetting material is passed
uninterruptedly at a predetermined rate through high frequency
electric wave generator zones which are stationary and spaced apart
from one another, and the thermosetting material is shaped to the
desired profile in at least one of said