4791 4795.output

* GB785198 (A)
Description: GB785198 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improved extreme pressure lubricants
Description of GB785198 (A)
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and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventors: VIVIAN ALEXANDER MOFFATT and ISAAC CHARLES HAROLD ROBINSON
785,198 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April
30, 1956.
No 13137/56.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), Cl E 1 K( 2: 8), C 1 E 3 K( 2: 8:
9); and 91, F( 1: 2: 3).
International Classification:-CO 7 c Cl Om.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improved Extreme Pressure Lubricants We, " SHELL" RESEARCH LIMITED, a
British company, of St Helen's Court, Great.
St Helen's, London, E C 3, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is' toi be performed, tot bei particuilarly describled in and by the
following statement:-
This inventiont relates to lubricating conpositions particularly
suitable for lubrication under extreme opterating conditions, such as
under extreme pressure, high speed and high temperature conditions.
It is well known that the high pressures occurring in certain types of
gears and bear1 S ings may cause a film of lubricant roi rupture with
Conaequent damage to, the nachinery.

It has b'een shown that' lubricating oils, such as mineral or
synthetic lubricating oils, can be improved with regard to'
their-prrotective effect on rubbing surfaces, by the addition of
certain substanoes, o that excessive wear, scuffing and seizure, which
normally follow a break in the film of lubricant, can be prevented
even under very unfavourable pressure and speed conditions Lubricants
possessing this highly desirable property are called extreme pressure
lubricants It has now been found that lubricating oil compositions;
containing a di-ester of a f-hhalo substituted alkane dicarboxylic
acid, 'the carbon chain of which acid may ble intr=uptedr by an oxygen
or a, sulphur atom, have satisfactory extrene pressure characteristics
The /-halo diesters as' hereinbefore definied' may contain other
substituents, attached' either to' the / carbon atoms or to any other
carbon atom of the molecule Preferred are the products which aplart
from the halogen, atoms attached to' the f/ carbon atoms have also'
halogen atoms attached to the a carbon atomis The conipositions
contain preferably 5% by weight and still more prderably from 10-20 %
by weight of the di-ester as hereinbefore defined ^ The lubricating
bis used in the cotuposilPnice 3 s 6 d l tions of this invention can
be any natural or synthetic oil having lubricating properties.
Thus' -the oil may be a hydrocarbon, oil obtained from a-paraffindc or
naphthenic stock and/or mtures thereof -The viscosity of 50 these oils
may vary over a, wide range such as from L 40 SUS at 1000 F to 1000
SUS at 210 " F The hydrocarbon oils may be blended with fatty oils,
such, as castor oil or lard oil, andi/or-with synthetic lubricating
oils, such-as 55 polymerised -eones, copolymets; of alkylene glycolsi
and alkylene, oxides, organic esters, for example di( 2 ethlexyl)
sebavate, dinonylsebacate, dinonyladiipate, dioctyl phthalate and
trioctyl' phosphate, polymeric litahydro 60 furan and ptolyalkyl
silicone polymiers for example dimiethyl siicone polymer If desired,
the synthetic lubricating oils may be used as the sle lubricating -oil
or admixed with fatty oils Moreover, the lubricating oil 65 used may
lye thickened to a grease conisistency with a soap such as an alkali
metal or alkaline earth ie soapi of a fatty acid or a substituted
fatty -acid, or an inorganic gelling' agent such asl silica or-a clay"
70 The -diesters which -impart -the extremie pressurte proipirdles to
the coiipiositiobsi with which ther inentioti is concetned are the
diesters' of anyhalcohl and a /3-haleo substituted alkane dicarboxylic
acid, the carbon chain of 75 which-acid may be interruptd by an oxygen
or a suiphur ato Exafuples of such acids are 3,/ 13-diciorlad<ipic
acidd, & 13/'-ttra chlbro adipic acid, -hexachlomadipic acid,
a,a',ffl,/3,-tetrachlorosebadc aci'd and in gen 80 eral the mono and
di-/3-halogen derivatives of alkane dicarboxylic acids suich as
gliitaric acid, 1,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 1; 2-dimthvladipic acid',

pimelic acid, 1,2,5-trim-thylpinelic acid, suberic acid, azxelaic
acid, iidnan-1: 9-dicarb 85 oxylic acid ahd decane-l: f Odicarboxy
Vlic a-cid n eixampfe of al dicarboxylic acid in which the carbon
chaif is interrupted by a sulphur atolm is the producr of the formula:
HOOC-(CH,),-S-(CH,),-COOHI 90 Pt Ice 25 p 1 1 1 3 -:_,The alcohol
component of the esters is preferably a, monohydric alcohol capable of
forming a diester with the dicarboxylic acids as hereinbefore defined.
P Preference -is giver to -alkanols, more in particular to those with
6 to 9 carbon atoms, such as -hexanoll, 3-ethylhexanol,
2-methylheptanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol However, other alcohols
such as azyl-substituted alcohols and alcohols containing heterocydlic
substituents such as furfuryl alcohol also fal within the scope of the
invention,.
Diesters accordin t 6 the invention may be prepared by any suitable
method such as, for insance, by reacting chlorine with an alkane
dicarboxylic acid and esterifing the resulting halogenated
dicarboxylic acid with a suitable alcohol rt may be advantageous first
to con vert the dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding dinmethylester
into the acid dichloride such as by reaction with thionyl chloride and
then to react this acid dichloride with gaseous chlorine so as to
effect the substitution of hydrogen by chlorine atoms The
chlorination, may be effected in the prsence of a catalyst such as
iodine.
The chlorinated dichloride is then reacted with a suitable alcohol so
as to form the desired hslenated diester.
For thlpfciipuse of the inventon it is not necessary to isolate the
prure halogenated di-.
esters It is alsopossibld to use the crude reaction mi-xtre of which
the halogenated diesters formtr the pcipal nponents the The
following,am 1 pl illmustrate e presnt R -' inventioni EXAMPLE I -A
product comfsistn p in of 1 J teta-clbo ( 4;/,/31 BB) dernvatives-of
di( 315,5:
trimethyl-hex<yl) 6 sehaerte (aisci cailed dinonj 12 sebacatei was
pfepaed in the following_ manner:
4.0 mols of sebaciidn 12 &inols of thiosnyl cinridewere 6 reacted for
8 iours at-500 C and then refluxed for a-nothert hiurThis gave asield
of approxintely 85 % of sebacyl diclorider The dichlloride was then
reacted with gaseous chlorine unti a weightfincrease corre
phnding;gto-the adiltion of fourchlorhi&ie atoms hadccur:red, e
tetiichlori-'nated dichlorid&cwas:then mined, with
-3,5,5trijdethylhexanol and allowed-to stand-overnighrt To
mpletebtreaciion,^ lle nibae was h-eatei Tfor 2 liou= on a watd b 1
ath at 60to 7 W O C vith stifrring andc theresiter stpiiakfted frn the
aqueous pliase? The solvent-and-the ess-:,5,52 trimethylheixanolwere

then r& moved bjdistiaion ^ t Af th pih oduct thusbtaned-habeei dri-d
ihd: iurified by distillation Tind re ducd pressure-(yield
approximaately 90 %O -on the diaciide) it 7 was tested in, the 4-ball
machffe; and -kive a 21 sgc 6nd seizur delay load of 130 kg, cempirad
with a figure 6 f 73 kg risi-g at tbien o 7 te O % lubrct ing il
sebom-:
6 S prising ai blend of 70 % wt dinonlyl sebacate, % wt dioctyl
sebacate, and 10 % wt dinonyl adipate A blend of 10 % of the
tetrachlorinated diesrer in the aforementioned base esters also gave a
figure of 130 kg.
Ex AMPLE H 70 The tetrachloro (cc Ii) derivative of adipic acid
dimethylester was prepared in the following manner A mixture of 660 g
adipic acid and 1,620 g.
thionyl chloride was sted at 50 ( 60 C for 75 3 hours The mixture was
sttipped on, the water bath under water pump, vacuumr and the residue
was distilled under high vacuum to yield 419 g ( 51 % yield) of adipyl
dichloride, a water-white oily liquid having a boiling 80 point of 73
C at a pressure of 0 2 mm.
mercury -A portion of the adipyl dichioride, prepared as above, was
chlorinated with gaseous chlorine until a Weight increase
corresponding to 85 the formation of a tetrachloro (,I 3,P') adipyl
dichloride had occurred U V illumination was uted to catalyse the
reaction', and, after two chlorine atoms per molecule had beenf
absoibed, ithe reaction mixture was heated to 90 (-120 ' C, to, speed
up the chlorination.
166 g of the tetrachloro di-acid chloride, prepared as above, was
slowly added with stirring and cooling to 500) ml methanol After
standing overnight, the mixture was poured 95 into 1000 nil water and
the dimethyl ester was earacred by means of ether The ether extract
was washed with a dilute aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and then
with water until the washings were neutral After 100 drying over
manesium sulphate and filtering, the solvent was stripped off and the
residue was distilled under high vacuum to yield 134 2 g ( 83 %) of
dimethyl >j'l B,,-etrachloroadipate a viscous yellow oil with a
boiling 105 point of 104 -120 C at a pressure of 0 05 -0.1 nm Im
mercury.
A blend of 10 % by weight of fhis ester in a synthetic lubricating oil
coiing of 70 % wt di&onyl sehacate, 20 % wt dioctyl sebacate 110 and
10 % wzt dinonyladipate gave on the 4-ball machine a 2: second seizure
delay load of 15-2 kg EXAMPLE m
Thre 7 batches of grease were prepared 115 from a R phenylmethyl
silicone fluid and from blends -of phetylmethyl silicone fluid with
dinnylsebacate and dinonyl D tetrachlorosebacate, prepared acording to
the method dbscribed in, Example I The gelling agent 120 was cblloidaf

silica, water-proofed with 25 %/G wt (on Si O 0) of a condensation
product of epichlorohydrin and ammonia which had been, converted?'
into a pa-ptal amide by reactiolt withd ao amounlt of stearic acid,
equiva 125 lent ta doe third of itsmbasicity In all three blends
phenyl niiaphthylamine (PAN) was used as an oxidation inhibitor The
compositiorr of the thiet trases is indicated in Table I, the
percentages being by weight 130 785,198 785,198 TABLE I.
Comp, 1.
phenylmiethyl silicone fluid dinonylsebacate dinonyl
tetrachlorosebacate water-proofed, silica phenyl a-naphthylamine The
three greases were compared in the so-called Navy Gear Wear test
wherein the loss in weight of a leaded, bronze gear in milligram per
thousand cycles is -measured T Ai Grease Weigh Comp, 2 Comp 3.
94.5 % 66 1 % 66 1 % 28 4 _, 28 4 5.0 5 0 5 0 0.5 O 5 0 5 under a load
of 5 and 10 pounds respectively.
The result of the experiments is summarised in Table II.
3 LE II t loss in mg under a load of: lbs 10 lbs.
Comp 1.
Compl 2.
Comp L 3.
7.7 2.2 0.5 stripped 6.7 1.5 Since the maximum allowable weight loss
in this test is 2 5 mg under a load wof 5 lbs.
and 3 51 mng under a -load of 10 lbs it is cear that only the grease
containing the dinonyl tetrachioosebacate has satisfactory extreme
pressure properties.
Compositions of this invention may contain ininor proportions of other
lubricating oil additives, such as anti-oxidants, cortosion inhibitors
or anti-rusting compounds, wear reducing, agents, blooming agents,
pour point depressants, viscosity improver S and, antifoaming, agents
Antioadants which may be used comprise several types, for example
alkyl phenols, such as 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol, pientaethyl phenol, 2,4
dimethyl 6 -tertiary-butyl phenol, 2,4dimnethiyl-6-octyl phenol,
2,6-iertiary-butyl4-meffiyl phenol and 2,4,6-tritertiary-butyl phenol,
aminol phenols, such as bienzyl amino phenols and amnines,'such; as
dibutylphenyleffe diamine, diphenylene diamine, diphenylatnine, N
phenyl-bieta-naphthyliamine, N phenylalpha-naphthylamiine and
dinaphthylamine.
Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors or anti-rusting compounds;
which may be used are the dicarboxylic acids' having 16 or more carbon
aroms in the molecule and organic compounds; containing acidic
radicals in close proximity to a nitrile, nitro or nmtoso group, for
example alpha cyano stearic acid.
Wear redmcing agents which may be used comprise esters of phosphorus
acids, such as triaryl, alkaryl or aralkyl phosphates, thiophosphates

or phosphlites; and neutral aromatic sulphur compounds of relatively
high boiling point, such as diaryl sulphides, diaryl disuiphides,
alkyl aryl disuilphides, for example diphenyl sulphide, diphenol
sulphide, dicresol sulphide, dixylenol sulphide, methyl butyl diphenol
sulphide, dibenzyl sulphide and the correspionding di and
tri-sulphides.
As anr example of a suitable anti-foaming agent dimethyl silicone
polymier can be mentioned Additional ingredients may comprise
oil-,soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, for example urethanes,
allophanates, carbazides and carbazones, polyisobutylene polymers and
polymerised unsaturated esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols.
Depending upon the essential additives used and' conditions under
which they are used, the amount of optional additives used may vary
from 0 01 to 2 % or higher.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785199 (A)
Description: GB785199 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Apparatus for shaping electromagnetic wave-guides
1 1,P r 7 z
- 'I U 2 1
7859199 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
May 1, 1966 No 13375156 r.
Application made in United States of America on May 2, 1955.
Index at Acceptance -Classes 83 ( 2), A( 49:122 K); and 83 ( 4), Q 1

X, Q 2 (A 5: A 14: C 3 H: E).
International Classification:-B 23 d, p.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Shaping Electromagnetic Wave-Guides.
We, WESTERNELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, of 195 Broadway, New York
City, New York State, United States of America, a Corporation of the
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to apparatus for shaping electromagnetic
wave-guides, and more particularly to apparatus for altering the
cross-sectional configuration of an end portion of a wave-guide.
In the use of tubular member for the transmission of high frequency
electromagnetic waves it has been found that thin-walled tubular
members serve satisfactorily as waveguides, providing that the
internal crosssectional dimensions are kept within close tolerances It
has also been found that such transmission is very satisfactory when
wave guides of a rectangular or of a circular cross-sectional
configuration are used It becomes necessary in certain wave guide
installations to use both wave guides of rectangular and circular
cross-sections, and the problem then is presented to provide a
suitable coupler or transformer section which may serve to connect
both such crosssectional wave guides and yet maintain the.
proper electrical transmission properties.
Such a coupler or transformer section must be of rectangular
cross-sectional configuration at one extremity, of circular
crosssectional configuration at the opposite extremity, and of a
properly tapered intermediate configuration.
The invention provides apparatus for altering the shape of an end
portion of an electromagnetic wave-guide so that the crosssection of
the end portion changes along its length from rectangular to circular
at its outer extremity, which apparatus comprises a base, a mandrel
mounted at one end on the base and extending inwardly thereover and of
which the cross-sectional contour changes along its length from
circular to rectangular at its inner or free extremity, a carriage
mounted on the base opposite the inner extremity of the mandrel for
supporting the wave-guide with its end portion projecting from the
carriage towards and in alignment with the mandrel, the carriage being
movable on the base towards and away from the mandrel, a pair of
longitudinally recessed dies together having an internal
cross-sectional contour similar to the crosssectional contour of the
mandrel and which are attached to the carriage and project therefrom
on opposite sides of the end portion of the wave-guide and are

transversely movable with respect to the direction of movement of the
carriage, and means for advancing the carriage supporting the
waveguide and the attached pair of dies towards the mandrel so that
the end portion of the wave-guide is forced over the mandrel and the
dies are caused at the same time by camming members secured to the
base to move towards each other into engagement with the outer surface
of the end portion of the wave-guide to impart the requisite
alteration in shape thereto in conjunction with the mandrel X In the
specific embodiment of the invention to be described hereinafter the
dies are each slidably attached to the carriage by means of a
transversely extending projection and groove connection which permits
the dies to be moved towards each other as the carriage and dies are
advanced, and the camming members comprise a pair of blocks secured to
the base on opposite sides of the 815 - 1 _lj t.
' ' '1; 1 11 i -114, 1 1 L,' ' i1.
common longitudinal axis of the mandrel and wave-guide and which are
provided with inner surface inclined to the axis for causing the
advancing dies to move towards each other.
To aid in achieving this result, the dies are provided with inclined
outer surfaces mating with the inclined inner surfaces of the blocks
and are slidably attached to the blocks by means of longitudinally
extending projection and groove connections.
The apparatus to be described utilizes a mandrel which-is
longitudinally split or sectionalized to facilitate its removal from
the shaped end portion of the wave-guide, and which comprises a
central longitudinal section and two opposite side sections separated
from the central section by plane surfaces parallel to each other and
to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel and wave-guide, the two side
sections being detachably held in abutting relation with the central
section by inserting their outer ends remote from the carriage in a
groove in a block secured to the base and to which block the central
section, also extending into -the groove, is attached.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following
detailed description of the above-mentioned specific embodiment with
reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig 1 is a plan view,
partly broken away, showing the relative positions of the base, 3:5
mandrel, wave-guide and carriage in the unoperated position; Fig 2 is
a view similar to Fig 1 but partly in section and showing the
respective elements in their operated positions with the end portion
of the wave-guide shaped; Fig 3 is a view similar to Figs 1 and 2
after the shaping operation has been completed and the respective
elements are starting to return to their unoperated positions; Fig 4
is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig 2
and looking in the direction of the arrows, Fig 5 is a cross-sectional

view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig 2 and looking in the
direction of the arrows; Fig 6 is a cross-sectional view taken
substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig 2 and looking in the direction of
the arrows; Fig 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the
line 7-7 of Fig 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig 8 is
a perspective view of the sectional mandrel in assembled condition;
Fig 9 is a plan view of the mandrel in Fig 8-:
Fig 10 is a side elevation view of the mandrel shown in Fig 9; Fig 11
is a cross-sectional view of the mandrel taken substantially on the
line 11-11 of Fig 9 and looking in the direction of the arrows:Fig 12
is an end elevation view of the mandrel shown in Fig 8, taken as shown
by the line 12-12 in Fig 10 and looking in 70 the direction of the
arrows; and Fig 13 is a perspective view of the shaped end portion of
the wave guide.
With reference to the drawings, and more particularly Figs 1 to 4
thereof, it will be 75 seen that the apparatus comprises a base 16
which may be secured to the floor or held secure because of its weight
Secured to the base 16 are a pair of substantially L-shaped members 17
The members 17 are positioned 80 by locating pins or dowels 18 and are
held secure by machine screws or bolts 19 The members 17 are
substantially parallel to each other and are positioned in an inverted
manner so that an extending leg of each 85 thereof forms an overhang,
which defines a guideway between the base 16 and the overhanging leg.
Near the opposite extremity of the base 16 there is secured a block
21, which is posi 90 tioned by pins 22 and secured by bolts 23.
The block 21 is provided with a substantially rectangular groove 24
extending partially therein and a circular aperture 25 extending
therethrough at right angles to and 95 intersecting the groove 24 at
approximately the-midpoint thereof The aperture 25 receives a pin 26.
Also secured-to the base 16 and in abutting relation to portions of
the block 21 are 100 a pair of blocks 27, the surfaces of which facing
each other are angular with respect to the base 16 so that the maximum
distance between the blocks is at the ends nearest the members 17 and
the minimum distance 105 is at the ends near the block 21 The angular
surfaces are designated as 28, Fig 6, and are provided at top, and
bottom with overhanging L-shaped portions 29 One leg of each of the
portions 29 extends parallel to the 110 adjacent surface 28 and so
serves to define a groove therebetween The blocks 27 may be secured to
the base by any suitable means, such as bolts 31 A pair of connecting
members 32 are secured by bolts 33 to the 115 upper surface of the
blocks 27.
A slide or carriage designated generally by the numeral 34 is provided
which is connected at its leftward extremity by a threaded member 36
to a suitable source of recipro 120 cating power (not shown), such as

a piston or a horizontal ram of a power press The carriage 34 is
further provided with a longitudinally extending substantially
rectangular groove 37 which-begins short of its middle 125 and extends
to the rightward extremity A top plate 38 having bayonet slots 39 is
adapted to be secured by means of machine screws 41 to the upper
surface of the carriage 34 so as to cover a portion of the groove 37
130 785,199 785,199 The under surface of the plate 38 may bserrated A
pair of stops 42 are secured to the carriage by any suitable means at
preeterm'ined positions to overhang the top and side of the carriage,
so that they may engage the ends of the members 17 The carriage 34 is
positioned on the base 16 and under the overhanging legs of the
members 17 so as to move in the guldeway provided thereby.
A pair of shaping dies 43 having complementary shaping inserts 44
positioned therein are slidably attached to the rightward extremity of
the carriage 34 by means of an upward extending integral portion 46
extending across the width of the carriage 34 and engaging grooves 47
formed in the lower surface of the dies 43 (Fig 4) Because of this
construction the dies 43 may move on the portion 46 toward and away
from each other in a direction transverse to the direction of movement
of the carriage 34 The outer surfaces of the dies 43 are provided with
integral projections 48 at the top and bottom thereof which are
located in the grooves formed by the portions 29 extending from the
surfaces 28 of the blocks 27 In this manner the dies 43 may travel in
the blocks 27.
A sectional mandrel, designated generally by the numeral 51, is
disclosed in Figs 8 to 10, inclusive As viewed in Fig 8 the mandrel 51
comprises a central longitudinal section 52 separating two independent
tide sections 53 and 54 The central section 52 is provided near its
rightward extremity with a circular aperture 56 The side sections 53
and 54 are each provided at their rightward extremities with a concave
semicircular portion 57 The three sections of the mandrel 51 are of
such a configuration that when in an assembled condition, Fig.
8, the outer surface or contour of the mandrel will be such as to be
of substantially rectangular shape at the leftward extremity of the
three sections and of circular shape at their rightward extremity The
intermediate portion between the two extremities will have a contour
tapering from rectana 50 gular to circular It should be noted that the
rightward extremity of the central or middle section 52 extends beyond
the extremities of the tide sections 53 and 54 It should also be noted
that the mating or engaging surfaces of the sections 52, 53 and 54 are
all plane parallel surfaces.
The apparatus serves to provide a waveguide of rectangular
cross-section, such as is shown at 58 in Fig 1, with a transformer
section end portion shaped as shown in Fig.

13 The end portion 59 has a rectangular Configuration or cross-section
at one extremity, which is of the same dimensions as the original
wave-guide 58, and a circular configuratioif or cross-section at the
opposite extremity, the diameter of the circular extremity being equal
to the larger dimension of the rectangular extremity The intermediate
part of the end portion is tapered from rectangular to circular as
shown in Fig 70 13 It should be noted that the outer shape of the
assembled mandrel 51 is substantially the same as the outer shape of
the end portion 59, but smaller in size as it acts upon the internal
surface of the end portion 59 75 during the shaping operation.
In operation, the source of power, not shown, is first operated to
move the carriage 34 to the left to the position shown in Fig.
1, its travel being stopped by the stops 42 80 engaging the members 17
During this leftward travel the shaping dies 43 (which move with the
carriage) will be separated, because of their projections 48 located
in the grooves formed in the blocks 27 and because 85 the blocks are
further separated at their leftward extremity due to the angular
surfaces 28 However, the dies 43 remain attached to the carriage 34
because of the projecting surface 46 of the carriage 34 being
positioned 90 in the groove 47 formed in the dies, which permits
transverse movement of the dies.
The three-section mandrel 51, held in its assembled position, as shown
in Fig 8, is then inserted with its rightward extremity, 95 Fig 8, in
the groove 24 in the block 21 The pin 26 is then inserted through the
aperture in the block 21 and the aperture 56 in the middle section 52
of the mandrel The side sections 53 and 54 of the mandrel are 100
positioned so that their concave surfaces 57 abut the pin 26 It should
be noted that because of the size and length of the groove 24 once the
assembled mandrel 51 is placed in position it will remain in that
position 105 The top plate 38 is next removed and a length of
rectangular wave-guide 58 inserted in the groove 37 of the carriage 34
It should be noted that the width and depth of the groove 37 is such
as neatly to accommodate 110 the wave-guide The length of wave-guide
is positioned in the groove 37 with its rightward extremity
approximately aligned with the rightward extremity of the shaping dies
43 Any space which is left in the left ex 115 tremity of the groove 37
is filled by a suitably sized block 61 which is secured in the groove
The top plate 38 is then tightened in place, in which position and
because of its serrations it will firmly hold the wave 120 guide 58 in
place.
The source of reciprocating motive power is thereupon operated in the
reverse direction to move the carriage 34 towards the right As the
carriage 34 advances toward 125 the stationary mandrel 51 the
rectangular wave-guide 58 secured to and moving therewith is forced

over the leftward or unsecured extremity of the mandrel 51 At the same
time, as the shaping dies 43 are 130 ahead of and attached to the
carriage 34 by the projection and groove connection 46.
47 they also will be urged towards the right,but because they are also
movably attached by means of the projection and groove connection 48,
29-to the blocks 27 they will be cammed or moved transversely towards
the outer surface of the adjoining end portion of the: wave-guide 58
10: The= carriage 34 continues to force -the wave-guide 58 & over the
-mandrel 51 and the shaping Xdies= 43 continue to be cammed bythe
blocks 27 towards the wave-guide until the end of travel of the
carriage -34 and source of power is-reached, at which time the X
various elements assume the relative positions shown in Fig 2 At this
time the waveguide 58 will have been advanced sufficiently over the
mandrel 51 and the shaping dies 43 2 '0 will have engaged and shaped
the outer surfades of the end portion of the wave-guide to form the
finished coupler or transformer section 59 shown in Fig 13.
In order to remove the coupler 59, the carriage 34 is again moved in
the opposite = -direction towards the position shown in Fig.
1 -However, shortly after it starts to travel the condition shown in
Fig -3 occurs, in which the coupler 59 being withdrawn moves the side
sections -53 and 54 of the mandrel 51 with it, which may readily -be
done as these sections were not secured by the pin 26 but only abutted
it The middle section 52 remains secured to the block 21 The mandrel
51, being thus disassembled, may i be readily removed from the coupler
59;:
:The top plate 38 is then removed and the coupler removed from the
groove 37 Thereafter -the same procedure is repeated for each
succeeding shaping operation.
V While a-specific embodiment of the invention has been described, he
invention is not limited thereto as the apparatus is clearly
susceptible of modification in various ways within the scope of -the
invention as defined by the appended claims.
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* GB785200 (A)

Description: GB785200 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improved magnetic tape apparatus
)i '
TE SPEC_;CAT I ON _,
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
May 1, 1956 No 13429/56.
Application made in United States of America on lay 26, 1955.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 103 ( 1), E 2 C 1 (F 1 P 2: G 13: G 14).
International Classification:-FO 6 d.
Improved Magnetic Tape Apparatus.
We, AMPEX CORPORATION, a Corporation of the State of California,
United States of America, of 934 Charter Street, Redwood City, State
of California, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates generally to magnetic tape apparatus of the
type employed for recording and/or reproducing sound or other recorded
frequencies More particularly it pertains to braking means used in
connection with the turntables for supporting the supply and takeup
reels.
In apparatus of the above character it is important under certain
operating conditions to apply predetermined braking torques to the
turntables Assuming that separate driving motors are connected to the
turntables, and that a third motor rotates the driving capstan, when
power is removed from these motors it is important to maintain tape
tension by the application of proper braking torques This condition
arises after a fast forward movement of the tape, or at the conclusion
of a rewind operation The braking torques must be applied in such a
manner that the braking of the trailing turntable, that is the
turntable from which the tape is being removed, exceeds that of the
leading turntable However the difference should not be sufficiently
great as to cause tape breakage or deformation.

In general it is an object of the present invention to provide braking
means for magnetic tape apparatus which will apply the necessary
braking torques in an effective manner, without causing tape breakage
or deformation.
Another object of the invention is to provide braking means of the
above characlPrice 3 s 6 d l ter which is simple in mechanical
construction, and which can be controlled by a single solenoid or like
operating means.
Another object of the invention is to provide braking means of the
above character which is self de-energizing or self relieving in its
action, and which is independent of variations in coefficient of
friction.
Additional objects and features of the invention will appear from the
following descriptions in which the preferred embodiment has been set
forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
Referring to the drawing:Figure 1 is a top plan view showing a
magnetic tape apparatus of the type with which the present invention
can be employed.
Figure 2 is a bottom plan view, with exagerated spacing between the
shafts, showing braking means for the turntables In taking this view
it is assumed that Figure 1 is rotated on a longitudinal axis with the
upper part of the view swinging forwardly and downwardly.
Figure 3 is a view showing braking action for the supply turntable at
the end of a rewind operation.
Figure 4 is a view illustrating the braking action for the takeup
turntable at the end of a rewind operation.
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the manner in which the braking means
is released during normal operation.
In E 1 igure 1 of the drawing we have schematically illustrated a
magnetic tape apparatus consisting of supply and takeup turntables 11
and 12, which are adapted to mount the conventional supply and takeup
reels The length of tape extending between the turntables is adapted
to move across the magnetic head assembly 13, which can consist of
record and playback transducer units, and the customary erase unit The
tape is r -, , k ' F 7859200 65.
785,200 engaged by -the driving capstan 14, against which the tape is
pressed by -the idler roller Generally (he parts schematically
illusi-trated in Figure 1 are mounted upon a panel 16, on the other
side of which are -other parts of the apparatus, including the
electrical motors (not shown) for driving the turntables and the
capstan 14: Additional tape engaging parts may include the guide
assembly 17, compliance pin and arm 18, 19 and safety switch arm 20
The braking means used with -the turntables -is shown -in Figure 2 It
i is assumed that the shafts 21 and 22 are the shafts which carry the

turntables -l and 12 These shafts also operatively connect with
the-turntable or driving -motors (not shown) Braking wheels or drums
23 and_ 24 are carried by the shafts 20) 21 and 22, and provide
peripheral surfaces that are engaged by the brake bands 26.
The brake bands and the means connected to the sam r ithe same for
each of the -turntables Each arrangementaincludes an operating-rod
-27, having its-one end pro:vided with a: pivotal connection 28 to the
adjacent end of the brake band The other end of the band is attached
to the tension spring 29, which has its one end anchored to a fixed
support The brake band is pro:
vided xwith a linine 31 of suitable-inaterial, -such as: asbestos
cloth, for frictionally en gaging the peripheral surface of the drum
23.
Means is provided for permitting limited freedom of movement-for that
end of the brake band attached to the spring 29 This means can consist
of apin 32 that is secured to a fixed support, and which engages
within a slot 33 formed in the member 34 The member 34 in this
instance forms -the connecting means between the band and the spring
29 _ It will be noted that the freedom and the pull of spring 29 are
in a direction tangential with respect to the periphery of the wheel
23 The operating rod 27 and that end of the band attached to the same,
is urged toward brake engaging position by tension spring: 36 This
spring has its one-end secured to a fixed support and its other end
attached to the arm 37, which in turn is mounted upon rod 27 The
direction of pull-of the spring -=:36 applies a force component
tangential to the wheel-23, and also a component tending the wheel;
-As previously -mentioned the braking means for the wheel 24 is the
same as for 6 wheel 23 Te common operating means for the -two braking
means can consist of a -: shaft 41 connected to suitable electrical
motive means, -such as -a solenoid of the _rotary type (not shown) The
two arms 42 are attached to shaft 41, and have openings 6,.5: in their
free ends to loosely accommodate the operating rods 27 Both rods 27
are threaded to accommodate the stop nuts 43.
Between each stop nut and the corresponding arm 42, suitable spacing
means is inserted, such as the collar 44 and the washer 70 46.
Each rod 27 is held against displacement by suitable means such as the
finger or table 47 This finger is carried by the mounting panel, and
confines the corresponding rod 27 75 to movement in a restricted space
extending between the finger and the panel, whereby the -rod in turn
maintains its ass Qciated brake band properly tracked upon the
corresponding brake drum S 8 The solenoid or other motive means
attached to the shaft 41, when energized, serves to rotate the arms 42
in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2.
W/hen de-energized rotation of the arms in 85 a clockwise direction is

limited by suitable stop means, such as the stop pin 48 In Figure 2 it
is assumed that the turntables are at rest and that the solenoid
attached to shaft 41 is de-energized Both bands 26 90 are pulled by
the stronger springs 29 to: the limiting positions established by pins
32, and both rods 27 are free with respect to arms 42 X Operation of
the braking means described 95 above is as follows: -When the motors
are -being energized for recording or reproducing operations, proper
tape tensions are maintained by the manner in which the motors
connected to the turntables 11 and 12, are 100 energized In other
words, during record operations the motor connected to the takeup
turntables drives the same to wind up the tape being supplied from the
driving capstan 14, and the motor connected to the 105 supply
turntable 11 is energized whereby it applies torque in a direction to
maintain tape tension for that portion of the tape extending from the
supply reel to -the driving capstan 14 This likewise applies to 110
periods of operation when the tape is moving at a rapid speed, as for
example for faster forward movement of the tape, or for rewind back
upon the supply turntable.
Under all such operating conditions the 115 solenoid attached to the
shaft 41 is energized, whereby both brake bands 26 are released by the
pull on rods 27, as shown in Figure 5.
When the motors are de-energized after a 120 fast forward or rewind
operation braking effort is applied to-slow down and stop the
turntables in such a manner as to avoid the formation of tape loops It
is necessary for the braking force applied to the turntable 125 from
which the tape is being removed (i e.
the trailing turntable) to be greater than the braking force action on
the turntable winding up the tape (i e the leading turntable)-i The
difference in braking torque 130 functions necessary to prevent tape
slack when the driving motors are de-energized.
Because of the self relieving action the braking effort is applied
smoothly and with a predetermined amount of torque, thus avoiding
excessive tape tension such as might cause breakage or deformation.
Although the braking means for the two turntables are similar in
construction, they automatically apply different braking torques
whereby the trailing turntable is always braked with a torque greater
than that applied to the leading turntable.
must not be sufficient to cause deformation or breakage of the tape
Assuming now that a rewinding operation has been carried out, and that
the motors have just S been de-energized, it is necessary to brake
both the wheels 23 and 24 of Figure 2 against rotation in a clockwise
direction.
Referring particularly to that band engaging the wheel 23
(corresponding to the tape supply reel), the band tends to rotate

withthis wheel but is stopped by engagement with the pin 32 Thereafter
the braking torque is determined by the friction between the brake
drum and the band, and the tension maintained by the weaker spring 36.
The frictional force developed on the brake band by the rotating drum
is in a direction which opposes the force supplied by the spring, and
therefore the brake is self deenergizing or self relieving The brake
band associated with drum 24 likewise engages at the same time that
the band engages drum 23, to exert braking effort E However in this
instance the brake band tends to rotate against the tension of spring
29, instead of against the tension of spring 36.
This spring exerts considerably more tension than the spring 36, -and
therefore a greater braking torque is applied As shown in Figure 4, it
will be noted that after rotation of the band 26 for the brake drum 24
has been arrested by the corresponding stop nut 43, the Din 32
occupies an intermediate position within the slot 33.
Thus the stronger tension spring 29 acts directly upon the brake band
Here again the brake is self relieving.
After a fast forward movement of the tape, the operation is the same
as explained above However in this instance the greatest braking
torque is applied to the brake drum 23, whereas the brake band for the
drum 24 has a braking effort determined by the weaker spring 36.
As previously mentioned during all normal operation of the apparatus,
the solenoid attached to the shaft 41 is energized whereby rods 27 are
positioned (Figure 5) to disengage both the bands from frictional
engagement with the associated brake drums.
It will be evident from the foregoing that we have provided a
relatively simple brake mechanism capable of performing all of the
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* GB785201 (A)
Description: GB785201 (A) ? 1957-10-23

An improved runabout chair for children
Date of filing Complete Specification: April 30, 1956.
Application Date: Mllay 18, 1955 No 14373/55.
Comnplete Specification Piublished: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 52 ( 2), JIB; and 132 ( 1), Al E.
International Classification:-A 47 c A 63 g.
An Improved Runabout Chair for Children.
I, So Fus EMIL JULIUS MARIUS JENSEN, a Danish Subject, of Oldbury
Hatch, Ightham, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention concerns an improved construction of chair of runabout
variety particularly though not exclusively intended for use by young
children who are in the stage of learning to walk.
According to the invention, the chair cornprises a rigid framework
made of metal tubing or rod and embodying a base frame of relatively
heavy gauge tubing or rod fitted with wheels or castors, and a
superstructure of lighter tubing or rod disposed on and rigidly
connected with the base frame, the superstructure comprising
horizontally extending tubes or rods, on which a seat is superposed,
and an enclosure for the body of the user.
In order to enable the invention to be readily understood, reference
is directed to the accompanying drawing, in which:Figure 1 is an
elevation illustrating one embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 a
plan of Figure 1; and Figure 3 an elevation of another embodiment.
The embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a rigid framework of
metal tubing having its various tubular parts connected together by
welding or brazing The base frame 10 of relatively heavy gauge tubing
is of square shape with well-rounded corners and at each corner curve
is fitted with a swivelling wheel or castor 11 The superstructure of
lighter tubing, i e of smaller diameter than the base frame tubing,
comprises_oweti-arts 12 inclined upwardly lPri l from two corners, and
the middle of one side, of the base frame 10 These lower parts merge
into vertical parts 13 which at the top carry a ring 14.
Spanning two of the bends between the parts 12 and 13 is a horizontal
cross tube 15, and extending between the remaining bend and the cross
tube 15 is another horizontal tube 16 These tubes 15 and 16 have

superposed on, and fixed to, them a fla W seat 17 of saddle-like shape
in plan thlie parts 13, 14 of the superstructure form an enclosure for
the body of the user and the seat 17 lies within and at the bottom of
such enclosure adjacent to the lower end of the vertical tube portions
13 If desired a back 18 of sheet metal or wood may be comprised in the
enclosure.
According to Figure 3, the superstructure at the lower part comprises
tubes embodying horizontal parts 20, 21 lying at rightangles to each
other in plan, and curved end parts 22, 23 The parts 22 curve upwardly
and inwardly from opposite sides of the rectangular base frame 10 to
the horizontal part 20 The other horizontal part 21 terminates at one
end at, and is there connected to, the mid-point of the horizontal
part 20 and at the other end has a curved part 23 extending upwardly
and inwardly from the middle of the front of the base frame The curved
parts 22, 23 are suitably all of the same radius The saddle-shaped
seat 17 is superposed on, and fixed to, the horizontal parts 20, 21
which present a T formation in plan, like the tubes 15, 16 in Figures
1 and 2, enabling the broad end of the seat to be supported by the
cross-part of the T The superstructure in Figure 3 also embodies an
enclosure for the body of the user, as before This enclosure comprises
a ring 14 carried by three vertical tubes 24 uprising one from the
horizontal i 7859201 4,5 74) j 785,201 tube part 21 and the other two
from opposite ends of the horizontal tube part 20.
As shown, there may be a forwardly inclined strut 25 extending from
the front vertical tube 24 to the junction between the horizontal part
21 and its curved forward end part 23 The base frame in Figure 3 is of
similar nature to the base frame 10 in Figures 1 and 2 and is
similarly fitted with castors 11 The curved back 18 in Figure 3 is
shown extending from the ring 14 to the seat 17 It may, however,
extend only part of the distance from 14 to 17 as in Figure 1, or the
back 18 in Figure 1 may extend from 14 to 17.
It will be understood that, in each of the embodiments described, the
base frame 10 being of sturdier tubing than the superstructure,
provides a sufficiently strong support for the latter The lighter
constructed superstructure gives the chair a good appearance and is
suitable for its intended purpose namely to give appropriate support
for the seat by the horizontal tubes or tube parts, while encircling
the body of the user by the ring at the top of the superstructure.
This ring forms a sort of rail which the user can grasp if necessary
As will be seen from Figure 2, for example, the rail 14 and seat 17
are off-centre rearwards in plan with respect to the base frame 10
giving the user a favourable orientation There is no looseness of the
seat, or indeed of any of the parts, and altogether a runabout chair
of desirable robustness is provided by the embodiments described.

Obviously, similar advantages could be attained in constructions akin
to the above embodiments but comprising, for instance, a circular base
frame and a square rail for the body enclosure, and othe Z
modifications are possible, for example the use of rod instead of
tubing for the framework, without departing from the scope of the
invention.
Particularly, for a child in the process of learning to walk, the
construction of the chair can be such as to provide a useful means
whereby the child can support himself By teaching the child to grasp
the rail and urging him gently by lightly moving the chair on its
wheels or castors, he may be persuaded relatively quickly to get on
his feet without fear of being likely to fall.
At other times, or between-whiles, the child may use the chair for
propelling himself about by using his feet, so that he may the more
readily be able to gain confidence in his ability to start walking.
The framework may be of steel or of a lighter metal or alloy, e g
aluminium.
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* GB785202 (A)
Description: GB785202 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to marine hoists
PATENT SP ECIFICATION 7
Date of A pp Dlicatio m and filing Comnplele 'Specificatio n:
cky 11, 1956 No 14791/56.
Application nade in United States of America on Msay 19, 1955.
0 (rnbplete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.

Index at Acceptance -Classes 78 ( 3), H( 4: 6); and 115, A( 7 9).
International Classification:-B 63 c B 66 f.
Improvements in or relating to Marine Hoists.
I, DONALD THOMAS ADAMS, a Citizen of the United States of America, of
New London, New London County, Connecticut, United States of America,
do hereby declare r) the invention, for which I pray that a patent may
be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement lo This
invention relates to marine hoists in general, and more specifically
to such hoists for shipside and dockside use.
Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision
of a marine l; hoist for lowering and hoisting stores, personnel and
the like; the provision of a marine hoist providing means for the
launching and recovery of small craft and rescue of personnel in a
seaway; and the provision jo) of a marine hoist which may be used as a
substitute for an accommodation ladder.
According to the invention a marine hoist comprises a movable carriage
and a platform supported by said carriage and adapted to be raised and
lowered with respect thereto by hydraulically operated means including
a first member secured to the carriage and having a cylinder extending
upwardly therefrom, a piston slidable in said cylinder and supporting
for movement therewith a second member beneath the first member, a
second cylinder extending upwardly from the second member and having a
piston slidable therein, a third member supported by said last
mentioned piston for movement therewith to which third member the said
platform is secured, and means for admitting hydraulic fluid to the
said cylinders for raising the platform.
According to a further feature of the invention the said first member
is pivotally secured to the carriage to permit the platform to be
swung outwardly from the carriage and including means for effecting
pivoting of the said first member.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings, illustrating one embodiment of the invention, and in
which:Figure 1 is an elevation of a marine hoist according to the
invention as applied to a ship, the solid lines showing a hoisting
position, and the dotted lines showing retracted positions of the
hoist; Figure 2 is a left-side view of Figure 1 showing a further
hoisting position of parts, and being partially broken away; Figure 3
is a plan view of the solid-line portions of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a
view similar to the solid-line elevation of Figure 1, but showing
another position of parts for rescue work; Figure 5 is a detail cross
section taken on line 5-5 of Figure 1; and Figure 6 is a diagrammatic
plan view of an alternative application of the invention.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the several views of the drawings.
In the following description, the hoist will be described as used on
the deck of a ship, but it will be understood that it also may be used
on a floating or stationary dock.
Referring to the drawings, there is shown at numeral 1 a ship in water
having a mean surface level 3 The deck of the ship is shown at 5
Located transversely on the deck 5 are guide rails 7 for guiding
supporting rollers 9 of a carriage 11 Means are provided for moving
the carriage along the rails 7 and locking it in any desired position.
These means are not shown, since any well known ones for the purpose
may be employed.
Thus the carriage 11 may be moved from an inboard position such as
shown in dotted 1855202 635 AMM 0 M-Wqw 785,202 lines at Figure 1, to
an outboard position, such as shown in solid lines.
On the carriage 11 is a first beam 13 pivoted, as shown at 15, for
rocking movement accomplished by means of two hydraulic
tandem-operating rams, each consisting of a cylinder 17 pivoted to the
carriage 11 at 19 In each cylinder 17 is a piston 21 carried on a
piston rod 23 which is pivoted to the beam 13 at 25.
Attached to and extending upward from the beam 13 is a pair of
hydraulic cylinders 27, carrying pistons 29 on piston rods 31.
At their lower ends the piston rods 31 are attached to and carry a
second beam 33, which has fastened thereto a pair of cylinders 35 The
cylinders 35 have sliding passages through the first beam 13 as
indicated at 37, The cylinders 35 carry pistons 39 on piston rods 41,
which extend out below the second beam 33.
At their lower ends the piston rods 41 are attached to a third
parallel beam 43 A platform 45 is pivoted to the beam 43 at 47 2, and
carries resilient rollers 49 for traversing the ship's side when
required The platform may be rocked, relative to the beam 43, by means
of a hydraulic ram consisting of a cylinder 51, pivoted to the beam at
53 :3 o and carrying a piston 55 having a piston rod 57 which in turn
is pivoted to the carriage at 59 Centering springs 61 are employed in
the cylinder 51 at each side of the piston 55.
3.5 Fenders lines 63 are attached to the platform 45 at 65 and extend
to and are wrapped around a roller 67 supplying tension by suitable
means Under certain circumstances the torque supplied by rollers 67 j
for tensioning the lines 63 may exert constant tension, and under
others increased tension as the platform 45 is lifted Steadying stay
lines 69, attached at 71 to the platform 45, extend to suitable
constant tension means located at appropriate points on the ship deck
Hydraulic power and control means are employed for supplying hydraulic
fluid to the cylinders 17, 27, 35 and 51 The tension, power and

control , means referred to in this paragraph are not shown or
described, because various types of such means are well known in the
art and do not constitute parts of the the invention per se.
5,, From the above, it will be clear that the beam 33 is capable of
being lowered and raised with respect to beam 13 by operation of the
pistons 29 in the cylinders 27 Such lowering and raising of the beam
33 carries e, with it the cylinders 35, which slide up and down in,
and are guided by, the beam 13 in any angled position of the latter
Thus in Figure 4 the beam 33 has been extended from beam 13 for
retrieving objects from i the water at a distance from the ship In
addition, the beam 43 is capable of being raised and lowered with
respect to beam 33 by action of the pistons 39 in cylinders This is
possible in any raised or lowered position of the cylinders 35 Thus,
70 for example shown in Figure 1 the beam 33 is in elevated position
and the beam 43 is extended straight downward, providing for moving
the platform 45 straight up and down adjacent to the shin 1 It will be
75, apparent that such movement could also be provided by allowing the
beam 43 to maintain its position just beneath beam 33 and operating
the latter by actuating its pistons 29 Thus stores, personnel, small
craft and so the like may be vertically raised and lowered, or the
platform 45 substituted for an accommodation ladder, or as a platform
for an accommodation ladder.
In the case in which rescue work or S.
recovery of small craft such as shown at 73 is to be accomplished by
the operations illustrated in Figure 4, the upper beam 13 is rocked
and the lower beam 33 extended downward, the cylinders 35 sliding in
the 9 n upper beam 13 As required under the circumstances, the lower
beam 43 may be extended further downward, so as to place the platform
45 beneath the mean water level 3 at a substantial distance from the
95 ship Then the platform is adjusted to an appropriate position and
raised so that the craft 73 rests upon it, whereupon it is brought
inward to the ship's side and then raised as suggested in Figure 1 Xk,
After the platform is raised to the dottedline position of Figure 1,
the carriage 11 may be retracted to the right on the ship deck, as
shown in dotted-lines at the right in Figure 1 If it supports stores,
personnel 10 i or the like, they may be unloaded In the case of a boat
such as 73, it may be desirable to employ fore-and-aft tracks, such as
shown at 75 on which is a dolly 77 for facilitating unloading after
suitable retrac 110 tion of the carriage 11.
It will be understood that suitable means are provided on the platform
45 for safety and the prevention of damage to craft such as 73 as by
covering the platform with a 115 rough surface (for example expanded
metal) covered by rubber Openings such as shown at 79 should also be
included, to facilitate rapid drainage of water, as the platform 45

is-lifted If desired, reasonable 120 suction cups such as shown at 81
may be employed to aid in holding the craft 73 on the platform 45.
As the drawings indicate, the platform 45 may be lowered considerably
beneath the 125 level 3 and practically to the keel level of the ship
Control of the platform 45 is facilitated in an open sea by the fact
that the operator of the hydraulic controls may compensate for any
rocking of the ship, so 13-i 785,202 that the platform 45 may be kept
in a more or less steady position, despite such rocking.
It will be understood that, although one pair of cylinders 27 and one
pair of cylinders 35 are used, as shown, greater numbers may be
employed.
In Figure 6 is diagrammatically shown how any cargo or the like
handled by the platform 45 may also be placed in the hold of the ship
through its cargo hatch 87 This is accomplished by mounting the
carriage 11 upon a suitably counterweighted rotary platform 83,
supported by and movable upon the rollers 9 which traverse the rails
7.
Letter A indicates a ship-side position of such a rotary carriage
adapting the apparatus for the operations already described.
Letter B indicates a position next to the hatch, the platform 83 being
rotated, so that the platform 45 can be lowered and raised through the
latch Thus it will be seen that the device is adaptable not only to
loading and unloading with respect to the sea, but also with respect
to cargo compartments Figure 6 also illustrates the fact that several
of the devices may be worked on the same rails to and from opposite
sides of a ship.
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