This document describes a patent for improvements in reciprocating motors that are actuated by a fluid supplied at constant pressure. It involves a piston valve that moves alternately into two positions, connecting one side of the piston to the pressure fluid supply and the other side to exhaust. Plungers on each side of the piston can enter cylindrical spaces at the end of the piston's working stroke to build up pressure and cause the valve to switch positions for the return stroke. Optional features include non-return valves in ducts connecting the valve cavities to the spaces to control fluid flow. The invention is intended for hydraulic motors but not limited to that application or liquid as the working fluid.

1. * GB784683 (A)
Description: GB784683 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to the application of liquids to moving bands or
strips
Description of GB784683 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification Aug -I I, 1955.
Application Date Aug 12, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Ac Internatie ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 784,683
Page 3, line 53, delete "underside of the" Page 3, line 104, after"
greasing" insert "device" THE PATENT OFFICE, 12th December, 1957.
ti t) gr, a say the deposition thereon of a film of an oil or a fat in
liquid form, prior to passing it through t Lhe oven.
According to the present invention, a container for the liquid is
pivotably mounted for adjustment between limits about its longitudinal
axis and with a weir edge thereof closely proximate to the surface of
the band to which the liquid is to be applied at a point where the
band is constrained to move in a definite path at an angle to the
horizontal, means to supply liquid to the container being provided and
being controlled to maintain, or tend to maintain, in the container a
liquid level above said weir edge, whereby the liquid tends to
overflow said weir edge and is thereby brought into contact with the
surface of the band, a trough or sump being provided below the
container to catch excess liquid for subsequent recirculation.
In one embodiment of the invention, the container is mounted beneath
the band with the weir edge close to the said surface of the band.
Preferably, the container is so disposed relative to the band that the
liquid comes into contact with the band when the latter is moving in
an upward direction, but the alternative is also visualized, in which
case the weir edge closely proximate to the band would then act, -in
dependence on the clearance between itself and the band, to regulate
the thickness lPrice 3 s 6 d l tsxa, u 1 b 116 g UCV 1 Lcet; Fig 2 is
an end view of the device in detail, and Fig 3 is a side view thereof

2. as seen from the right of Fig 2.
An endless oven band 1 of a travelling band oven passes about a
terminal drum 2 disposed for rotation in the direction indicated at
the feed end of the oven Bearings in which the drum 2 is journalled
are mounted on a platform assembly of channel section girders
indicated by 3, which is slidable relative to the oven in a
longitudinal direction of the band 1 to allow for adjustment of the
drum for the purpose of tensioning the band Fixed dependently from the
platform assembly 3 is a frame of angle section girders 4 serving to
support the band greasing device, denoted generally 5, (Fig 1), in
operative relationship with the continuously moving oven band 1, at a
point where the band is constrained to move in a definite path at an
angle to the horizontal; i e.
at a point where band 1 is passing round the drum 2.
The greasing device 5 comprises a supply tank 6 which, under the
control of a valve 7, supplies its content of oil or fat in liquid
form through a pipe 8 into a horizontally disposed length of pipe 9
perforated along its length to discharge the liquid into a
trough-shaped container 10 The container 10 extends between two side
plates 5 a and its mounting therein enables pivotal movement about its
longi7845683 No 23401/54.
J ',, zz - ' '1, 1 ' I Q i; -11 PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification Aug -11, 1955.
Application Date Aug 12, 1954.
784,683 No 23401/54.
,,_, Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance -Classes 28 ( 1), N 4; and 140, K 3 X.
International Classification: -A 21 b B 05.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to the Application of Liquids to Moving
Bands or Strips We, T & T VICARS LIMITED, a British company, of
Earlestown, Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, and J Os EPH FRANCIS
NAYLOR, a British subject, of 174, Earl Street, Newtonle-Willows,
Lancashire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent fmay be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:The present invention is concerned with the application of a
liquid to a surface of a continuously moving band, more particularly,
in the preparation of edible baked products, the greasing of an
endless oven band, that is to say the deposition thereon of a film of
an oil or a fat in liquid form, prior to passing it through the oven.
According to the present invention, a container for the liquid is
pivotably mounted for adjustment between limits about its longitudinal
axis and with a weir edge thereof closely proximate to the surface of

3. the band to which the liquid is to be applied at a point where the
band is constrained to move in a definite path at an angle to the
horizontal, means to supply liquid to the container being provided and
being controlled to maintain, or tend to maintain, in the container a
liquid level above said weir edge, whereby the liquid tends to
overflow said weir edge and is thereby brought into contact with the
surface of the band, a trough or sump being provided below the
container to catch excess liquid for subsequent recirculation.
In one embodiment of the invention, the container is mounted beneath
the band with the weir edge close to the said surface of the band.
Preferably, the container is so disposed relative to the band that the
liquid comes into contact with the band when the latter is moving
in,an upward direction, but the alternative is also visualized, in
which case the weir edge closely proximate to the band would then
act,,in dependence on the clearance between itself and the band, to
regulate the thicknlmess lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 of the liquid film taken up
by the band For the same purpose, particularly in conjunction with the
former preferred case, a doctor blade in operative relationship with
the band may be disposed following the container in the direction of
movement of the band.
The invention will now be further described with reference to its
embodiment, by way of example, in a device for greasing the oven band
or sole of a baker's oven, the device being illustrated in the
drawings accompanying the provisional specification in which:-
Fig 1 is a diagrammatic view of the feed end of the oven band and
shows the location of the greasing device; Fig 2 is an end view of the
device in detail, and Fig 3 is a side view thereof as seen from the
right of Fig 2.
An endless oven band 1 of a travelling band oven passes about a
terminal drum 2 disposed for rotation in the direction indicated at
the feed end of the oven Bearings in which the drum 2 is journalled
are mounted on a platform assembly of channel section girders
indicated by 3, which is slidable relative to the oven in a
longitudinal direction of the band 1 to allow for adjustment of the
drum for the purpose of tensioning the band Fixed dependenfly from the
platform assembly 3 is a frame of angle section girders 4 serving to
support the band greasing device, denoted generally 5, (Fig 1), in
operative relationship with the continuously moving oven band 1, at a
point where the band is constrained to move in a definite path at an
angle to the horizontal; i e.
at a point where band 1 is passing round the drum 2.
The greasing device 5 comprises a supply tank 6 which, under the
control of a valve 7, supplies its content of oil or fat in liquid
form through a pipe 8 into a horizontally disposed length of pipe 9

4. perforated along its length to discharge the liquid into a
trough-shaped container 10 The container 10 extends between two side
plates 5 a and its mounting therein enables pivotal movement about its
longi784,683 tudinal axis for the purpose of adjusting a weir edge 10
a of the container relative to the oven band (see Fig 3) The container
is mounted with the weir edge 10 a in close proximity to that surface
of the continuously moving band 1, which, after passing round drum 2,
becomes the upper side of the top run of the band 1.
The adjustment of the container 10 is effected by a screw setting
arrangement 11 and is limited in one direction by a screw stop 12,
both the setting arrangement and the stop being operative on an arm
fixed to the container at one end thereof.
A doctor blade, preferably of felt, is disposed to bear against the
surface of the oven band subsequent to the container 10 in the
direction of movement of the band Such a felt blade 13 is seen in Fig
3 to be held between clamp plates 14 which in turn are fixed by screws
15 to a bar 16 extending between the side plates 5 a The bar 16 is
movable angularly by an arm 17 which is connected with a screw setting
arrangement 18.
A catch trough or sump 19 is located between the side plates 5 a and
below the container 10 and the doctor blade 13 The sump 19 is
supported at the front and rear on angle sections 20 and 21, the sump
being held against the vertical flange of the angle section by a catch
22 The angle sections 20, 21, together with the side plates 5 a, are
slidable in the frame formed by girders 4 by means of set screws 23,
24 so providing adjustment of the complete device relative to the oven
band The sump 19 is connected through a drain cock 25 and a pipe 26 to
the inlet side of a motor-driven pump 27 A return pipe 28 extends from
the delivery side of this pump to the supply tank 6 A float 29 is
arranged in the sump 19 to actuate a switch controlling stopping and
starting of the pump motor in dependence on the liquid level in the
sump.
In operation the valve 7 is regulated so tihat liquid oil or fat is
fed by gravity from the supply tank 6 to maintain in the container 10
a level at which liquid tends to overflow the weir edge 10 a The weir
edge l O being situated closely to the oven band 1, it will be
appreciated that the oven band in fact confines the liquid oil or fat
in the trough-shaped container 10 and thereby comes into contact with
the liquid when it is virtually still contained within the container,
in contrast to ejection or free fall of the liquid on to the band
Liquid is consequently taken up by the band and then becomes spread
and regularized into a uniform film of desired thickness by the doctor
blade 13, surplus liquid being removed thereby to fall into the sump
19 Periodically such surplus is removed from the sump by the pump 27

5. and returned to replenish the supply tank 6 Obviously the supply tank
must be topped up from time to time to balance the amount of liquid
oil or fat used on the oven band.
An important feature of greasing devices is the ease -wzitl which they
may be cleaned and it is therefore appropriate to point out that in 70
the case eof the doctor blade 13 this may be held, together with the
clamp plates 14, to the screws 15 merely by means of nuts which when
screwed off enable the blade to be removed for replacement or cleaning
Also in 75 the case of the trough-shaped container 10 the threaded
spindle 31 of the screw setting arrangement 11 may pass through an
openended slot in the fixing bracket 32, so that the spindle may be
eased out of this slot and the 80 container 10 turned freely to
discharge its conte Its into the sumo 19 below, e g when closing down
the oven In this way tedious manipulation of the screw arrangement 11
to achieve the same object is avoided, and by the 85 provisicn of the
step 12 the container 10 may be easily returned to any preset
position.
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* GB784684 (A)
Description: GB784684 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in reciprocating motors for actuation by a fluid supplied at
substantially constant pressure
Description of GB784684 (A)
PAT-ENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification Nov 29, 1955.
Application Date Aug 31, 1954.
7845684 No 25311/54.

6. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 69 ( 2), K( 1 82: 4: 5 A 3: 5 F: 5 G: 10)
P( 3 X: 6 B: 6 N: 7 C); and 122 ( 2), Bl SB 1 (A 3 B: B).
International Classification: -FO 3 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Reciprocating Motors for Actuation by a Fluid Supplied
at substantially Constant Pressure I, GEORGE STEPHEN KAMMER, a British
Subject, of Kammer Engines Limited, Pilot Works, Walnut Tree Close,
Guildford, Surrey, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to reciprocating motors for actuation by a
fluid supplied at, substantially constant pressure Such a motor
comprises a piston or ram mounted on or integral with a rod to operate
in a cylinder and exposed to the pressure of the fluid on its two
sides in alternation to impress a reciprocating movement on the rod,
and a piston valve movable alternately into two positions to put the
space on one or other side of the piston into communication with the
pressure fluid supply and that on the other side with exhaust, The
present invention relates to means for operating the valve by which
the pressure of the working fluid is applied to the two sides of the
piston alternately and the other side is connected to exhaust It has
been more particularly devised in the form of a hydraulic motor for
driving an agricultural mower, but it is not restricted to such an
application or to, liquid as a working fluid.
According to the invention the moving part of the piston valve has a
cavity at each end in communication through a stationary member
entering the cavity with a duct leading to a space at the
corresponding end of the cylinder in which the working piston
reciprocates, the said space being cylindrical and of a diameter
intermediate between those of the piston and its rod, while a plunger
on each side of the piston can enter the respective space at the end
of the working stroke to build up a pressure in the cavity which will
give rise to a movement of the valve member into its opposite position
for the return stroke.
Preferably each duct includes a non-return valve urged by spring
pressure to close the duct towards the cavity and adapted in its
lPrice 3 s 6 d l opposite position to close a branch duct leading from
the first mentioned duct to exhaust.
Optional features of the invention will appear from a description now
to be given of 50 a constructional form shown by way of example in the
accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of
the motor; 55 Figure 2 is an end'elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a

7. part end elevation taken in section on the line III-III of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an outside elevation corresponding to Figure 1 with parts
broken away, and 60 Figure 5 is a fragmentary section taken on the
line v-V of: Figure 3.
Referring to the drawings a body 1 encloses all the working parts and
is provided with a slotted lug 21 by which the motor can be bolted 65
to the frame of the apparatus or machine to be driven Oil under
pressure is supplied by means of a connection 3, and after-use the oil
passes from the exhaust 4 to a return lead for re-circulation 70 In
the body 1 a hydraulic cylinder 5 is formed by a through bore, which
is closed at the two ends by plugs 6 held in place by countersunk
screws 7 Glands are formed in the plugs 6 for the passage of a shaft 8
The 75 plug 6 at the right-hand end of Figure 1 constitutes a guide
for the rod 8 of which the outer part is enclosed in a casing 9 The
gland 6 at the other end carries the working end of the shaft 8 which
has connecting means 10 80 for the mechanism to be driven by the
motor.
An enlargement is formed at an intermediate position of the shaft 8 to
constitute a piston 1; 1, which works in'the bore 5 A second bore 12
is formed in the body 1 parallel to the bore 85 and this bore is also
cdosed at its ends as will be described-later A valve member 13 in the
shape of a dumb-bell or spool is movable to and fro in the bore 12 to
control the admission and exhaust of oil to and from the 90 cylinder 5
Passages 14 connect the two ends of the bore 12 with the pressure
supply point 784,684 3, and other passages 15 lead from the ends of
the bore 5 to positions near the respective ends of the bore 12.
Between the passages 14 and 15 at each end of the bore 12 there is a
land to co-operate with a land at the respective end of the spool 13 A
duct leads from the inner part of the space 12 between the ducts 15 to
the exhaust 4 It will be seen that, when the spool 13 is in the
position shown in Figure 1, the left-hand end of the cylinder space 5
is under pressure and the shaft 8 is being driven to the right, having
nearly reached the end of its stroke.
The right-hand part of the cylinder space 5 is at the same time in
communication with an exhaust duct 17 leading to the connection 4.
The spool 13 has at each end an axial cavity 18, but the two cavities
are not in communication with each other The two ends of the falve
cavity 12 are each closed by a plug member 19, which has an axial
extension 20 projecting into the space 18 A shoulder 21 on the
extension 20 limits the movement of the spool 13, so that at one end
the land is fairly on the land of the body 1 and at the other end the
land is clear of the passage 15, while the projection 20 is still
inside the hollow 18 of the spool 13.
An oil passage 22 extends centrally through the projection 20 and at

8. the outer end is branched, one branch being a passage 23 leading
through the wall of the plug 6 The other passage 24 leads by a duct 25
(Figure 5) to the exhaust 4 A ball 26 is movable between upper and
lower positions, in which it closes the passages 24 and 23
respectively It is urged to the lower position closing the passage 23
by a spring 27 acting on a rod 28.
At each side of the piston 11 a plunger 29 is formed of diameter less
than that of the piston 11 but greater than that of the shaft 8.
A bore is provided in the plug 6 to receive the plunger 29 which will
be seen to be just entering the bore of the right-hand plug 6 By this
action, the plunger 29 forms a dashpot to brake the movement of the
shaft 8 and piston 11 However, between the plunger 29 and the part of
the shaft 8 of normal diameter there is a recessed part 30 terminating
in a sharp shoulder or control edge 31 to co-operate with the duct 23
where the latter emerges into the bore of the plug 6.
As a result, when the edge 31 uncovers the end of the duct 23, oil
under high pressure passes through the duct 23 and raises the ball 26
to its upper position, closing the duct 24 to exhaust and raising the
pressure in the duct 22 and the right-hand space 18 The lefthand space
18 and duct 22 are in communication with exhaust since the left-hand
ball 26 is on its lower seating The sudden increase of pressure from
the right moves the spool 13 rapidly to the left into the position
opposite to that shown in Figure 1, and the connections to pressure
and exhaust are reversed from that 65 shown The piston 11 moves to the
left, and when it reaches the end of its travel the same processes
take place but at the opposite end, and the shaft 8 is thereby kept in
continuous reciprocation 70
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* GB784685 (A)
Description: GB784685 (A) ? 1957-10-16

9. Improvements relating to the removal of dust from buffed hides, skins and
the like
Description of GB784685 (A)
PATENT SPIECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification Oct 17, 1955.
Application Date Nov 29, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.
784,685 No 34521/54.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 8 ( 2), A 2 (BX: D: E); and 76, C 1 B 2.
International Classification: -B 31 f C 14 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to tie Removad of 1 Dust from Bufed Hides, Skins
and the like We, TURNER MACHINERY LIMITED, formerly known as The
Turner Tanning Machinery Co.
Limited, a British Company, of Railway Foundry, Bramley, Leeds, and
CLIFFORD H" LL, a British subject of the Company's address, do hereby
declare the invention, for which vwe pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by thz folloivng statement:-
The present invention is concerned with machines for, and methods of,
buffing sheet material such as hides, skins, leather board, and
cardboard, being coilctively referred to hereafter simply as "skins ".
The description "bufing machines" is used to refer to the various
machines which act abrasively, or with a surface cutting action, on
the surface of the skin to prepare it for various uses In conventional
forms of buffing machinery, there are a buffing roller, that has its
periphery covered or equipped to perform the abrasive operation, and a
counter roller (Generally rubber covered) which is used for the dual
purposes of feeding or presenting a skin to the buffing roller and ef
providing a work support against which the abrasive action is
performed by this buffing roller, the treated skin passing, in fact,
through the nip between these two rollers The term "a buffing machine
of the character set forth" will hereinafter be used to indicate a
machine having the feature stated in this paragraph.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, we provide in
or for a buffing machine of the character set forth, a dustextracting
mechanism comprising a suction nozzle disposed, or for disposal,
alongside the path of travel of the buffed skin leaving the buffing
roller, and a compressed air nozzle adjacent this suction nozzle and
also alongside said path, this compressed air nozzle being located in
use between the suction nozzle and the buffing roller and being so

10. directed as to project compressed air against the skin in a direction
counter to the direction lPrice 3 s 6 d l of travel of this skin and
between the latter and the buffing roller.
The invention also includes the provision, in or for a buffing machine
of the character set forth, of a dust-extracting mechanism comprising
a nozzle for directing compressed air against the buffed skin, this
nozzle being disposed in use adjacent the peripheryof the buffing
roller and alongside the path of travel of the buffed skin leaving
this roller, and being directed tangentially or substantially
tangentially to the roller periphery so that the flow of compressed
air therefrom will urge the buffed skin outwards and away from the
roller periphery, and a suction nozzle adjacent the compressed air
nozzle for extraction of dust loosened from the skin by the flow of
compressed air.
Thus, by the means described, a scraper knife or other such stripping
means, which are normally required to ensure that the skin leaves the
buffing roller and is not wrapped around the latter, is or are
dispensed with, and at the same time some at least of the dust evolved
in the bufling operation, a substantial proportion of which clings to
the skin, is removed.
In accordance with a feature of the invention, the buffing machine is
so devised that the compressed air and suction nozzles are disposed
below the nip between the buffing and counter rollers.
Thus, the invention further provides a machine of the character set
forth in which the skin is arranged to travel downwardly from the nip
between the buffing and backing rollers, and there is provided,
alongside the path of the downwardly-moving skin, a suction nozzle
which is disposed so that the skin passes, in its downward travel,
over the mouth of this nozzle, and at least one nozzle for directing
compressed air against the side of the skin passing over the mouth of
the suction nozzle.
A brush, conveniently one used to clean the backing roller, may be
used to ensure that the skin is yieldingly urged against the suction 2
784,685 nozzle in its travel from the nip between the buffing and
backing rollers.
Hence, the invention also comprises at least one nozzle for directing
compressed air against the buffed skin, a suction nozzle for receiving
and exhausting dust from the buffed skin, and a brush disposed to act
on the buffed skin at the opposite side thereof to the suction nozzle
and to apply the slkin against the latter.
To assist the smooth passage of the skin over the mouth of the suction
nozzle, this mouth is preferably provided with a grid or grating which
divides this mouth, in effect, into a plurality of side-by-side
slot-like openings Moreover, the bars of the grid or grating defining

11. the said slot like openings will advantageously be parallel and
slightly oblique to the direction of travel of the skin over this
nozzle mouth This will ensure that every element of the buffed surface
passes over a suction optening and strips of the surface are not left
untreated by suction.
More than one compressed air nozzle can be used, for example one at
least at a stripping location, and one or more others at a subsequent
position or positions along the travel of the skin Furthermore, where
we employ compressed air nozzles which are spaced along the path of
travel of the skin, they may be associated with separate suction
nozzles, or where feasible, withi a common suction nozzle, for example
located between two of these compressed air nozzles, serving a
plurality of such nozzles.
In a preferred arrangement of this character, the machine comprises
two compressed air nozzles, one located immediately adjacent the lower
part of the buffing roller and directed to produce an air flow which
acts between the periphery of the roller and the skin, and a second
such nozzle located further along the path of travel of the sldn
through the machine, and exclusively intended for the scavenging of
dust from this skin, with a single suction nozzle located between
them.
In this arrangemint the suction niczzle is of elongated form and
extends across the whole, or substantially the whole, operative width
of the machine below the buffing and backing rollers with its length
transverse to the direction of travel of the skin from these rollers,
and elongated compressed air nozzles, each of substantially the same
length as this suction nozzle, are disposed one in front, and one to
the rear, of the latter in the said direction of travel, the mouths of
the two compressed air nozzles being adjacent to, parallel to, and
substantially flush with that of the suction nozzle.
As will be appreciated, the two compressed air nozzles, not having
identical functions, may be directed to discharge compressed air in
jets at contrasting angles relatively to the path of travel of the
skin as it passes between them.
In an advantageous arrangement the mouth of the suction nozzle is
disposed with its width at an angle to the vertical and to the path of
descending travel of the skin leaving the buffing and backing rollers,
and in which the compressed air nozzles are arranged to pro 7 ject air
at dicierrt anges one nozzle relatively to the other, against the
buffed surface of the skin passing thereover.
In accordance with further features of the invention, the suction
nozzle and the corn 7:
pressed air nozzle(s) may be equipped internally with baffle and
spreader mean for equalizing the air flow along the length of the

12. respective nozzles, as set forth below.
The present invention further includes 8 methods of extracting the
dust from a buffed skin, again as set forth below.
A leather buffing machine incorporating the features of tie present
invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying 8
drawings in which:Fig 1 is a front elevational view of the machine.
Figure 2 is a cross sectional view taken on the line II-Il of Figure 1
9 Figure 3 is an elevational view of the machine from the right hand
end, with the guard cover at this end removed.
Figure 4 shows, separately, the air compression and suction nozzle
assembly of the 9:
machine as viewed on the line IV-IV of Figure 2.
The machine illustrated comprises a base frame 1 with a pair of cast
end uprights 2 razaebiy supparting a high d naing reller l C 3 covered
with an abrasive layer and disposed on a shaft 4 journalled in these
uprights The roller 3 is opposed by a rubber-covered feed and
work-supporting roller 5 mounted on a shaft 6 which is journalled in
carriages each C 1 ( slidable in the front-to-rear direction of the
m-achine on a sidle 7 ay ' ien cuel Oi thl uprights 2 Each carriage is
in two parts 8 and 9.
The former of these is slidable on an extension of part 9 and carries
the shaft 6 It is urged 11 resiliently towards the buffing roller 3
through a spring loaded plunger 10 mounted in carriage par 7 h spring
pressure on this plunger can be set by operation of concentric hand
wheels 11 and 12, but no details of this spring 11 loading is shown
since it forms no part of the present invention.
The base of each carriage has pivoted thereon a lever 13 carrying the
shaft 20 of a transverse brush 21, to be r-eferred to later, whilst 12
the carriage parts 9 have lugs 14 supporting a horizontal feed table
15 extending across the working width of the machine.
Thus the carriage-supported assembly of the roller 5, the brush 21,
and the table 15 can be 12 moved as a unit towards or away from the
buffing roller 3 to permit the introduction of a skin 50 to be buffed,
the removal of a partlybuffed slain, the relcase of a trapped cr
pleated skin and so on The actual nip between the 1784,685 This
assembly comprises a suction nozzle 31 flanked by compressed air
nozzles 32 and 33.
The suction nozzle 31 is formed by a casing of rectangular cross
section but downwardly convergent outline form, as seen in Figure 4,
70 whilst the compressed air nozzles 32 and 33 have casings of
upwardly tapered cross section and are of smaller dimension from top
to bottom than the suction nozzle 31 As will also be seen, the front
and rear walls of the casing 75 of nozzle 31 form the major part of
the inner walls of the respective casings of nozzles 32 and 33, these

13. latter also being downwardly-convergent as seen in elevation.
The mouths of the respective nozzles 31, 80 32, 33 are elongated and
extend horizontally across the working width of the machine, and it
will be noted from Figure 2 that these mouths are parallel and
substantially flush with one another, those of the compressed air 85
nozzles 32 and 33 being in the form of slits flanking the wider amount
of the nozzle 31.
The nozzle mouths are of substantially equal length and each extends
across the complete operating width of the machine 90 The suction
nozzle casing is divided up internally by inclined baffles 47
extending between the front and rear walls of this casing and intended
to equalise the suction airflow, and at its lower and constricted end
95 the nozzle casing is connected through ducting 34, including a
horizontal duct 35, to a suction source.
A centrifugal fan 36 is mounted at the rear of the machine on a
supporting structure 37 100 The impeller side of this blower
communicates through ducting 38, having branches 39 (see Figure 1),
with the ends of horizontal ducts 40 and 41 which are respectively
disposed along the bottoms casings of nozzle 32 105 and 33 in
communication therewith.
Internally each of the casings of the compressed air nozzles 32 and 33
is divided up by inclined partitions 42 into four flared distributor
channels 43, each having some four 110 spreader plates 44 disposed in
radiating fashion therein and extending from the front to the rear
walls of the nozzle concerned, such that compressed air entering the
corresponding channel 43 is distributed evenly along the 115 mouth of
this channel.
As will be clearly seen from Figure 4, each of the distributor
channels 43 communicates with its duct 40 or 41 through an opening 45,
and in the case of the first three of these open 120 ings 45 a
deflector plate 46 is disposed in the path of the compressed air
passing along the duct 41, these plates 46 being disposed so as to
provide communicating openings for the air from duct 41 to the
successive distributor chan 125 nels 43 which increase in size along
the direction of flow of the compressed air from the inlet end of the
duct Further, the inlet passages from the openings 45 are also of
progressively increased size in this direction; 130 rollers 3 and 5 is
determined by the setting of the plunger 10, the carriage section 9
always taking up the same working position by reason of the abutment
of a lug 16 thereon against the corresponding upright 2.
The outward and inward movements of the carriages 8, 9 are controlled
from a treadle 17 which is articulated at its ends to levers 18 in
turn fast with a cross shaft 19 mounted at its ends in uprights 2
Secured to each end part of shaft 19 is a lever 53 which is

14. articulated to an adjustable link 54 in turn connected to a bellcrank
lever 55 The outer end of the upper arm of the latter is ball-headed,
as at 56, and engages in a seat in the carriage 8, 9 Downward pressure
on the treadle 17 moves the carriage assembly outwards, and the latter
is moved in to its working position by counterweights 57 secured to
the spindle 19 by joints 58 The lever and linkage systems 53-55 are
disposed within the uprights 2.
Rotation of the rollers 3 and 5 and of the brush 21 is imparted from a
driving belt 59 which runs around a pulley 60 mounted at the left hand
end of the machine on the shaft 4.
At its opposite end the shaft 4 carries a pulley 61 which, through a
belt 62 transmits the drive to a further pulley 63 at this end of the
machine A shaft 72 carrying pulley 63 transmits this drive through
gear pinions 64 and 65 to the shaft 66 of a further pulley 67 and
this, through a belt 68, operates a pulley 69 on the shaft 6 of the
roller 5 The latter is thus positively driven but at slower rate than
the buffing roller.
The belt and pulley gearing 61-69 is disposed at the outer side of the
right-hand upright 2 and is housed in a casing 70 The pinions 64 and
65, however, form part of a transmission gear which is disposed in a
housing 71 on this upright Thus, the shaft 72 also carries a pinion 73
of this gear, this pinion meshing with another, 74, loose on shaft 66
and carrying a pulley 75 which, through a belt 76, turns the brush
shaft jockey pulleys 77 and 78, mounted on spring-pressed rocking
levers 79, control the tension of the belt 76, whilst a similar
function is performed for the belt 62 by a jockey pulley 80.
The brush 21 is intended, when the machine is working, to rotate in
contact with the surface of the roller 5 and to maintain the latter in
clean condition This brush 21, as will be described below, also has
the function of assisting the guidance of the travelling skin 50.
Mounted below the brush 21, and supported at the front of the machine
by a cross brace 26 of the latter, is an inclined table 27 for
delivering a buffed skin from the machine A further bracing cross
piece 28 is arranged at the rear side of the machine and this serves,
through brackets 29 and with the assistance of upright struts 30
mounted on the base 1, to support a dust-loosening and extracting air
assembly in the machine.
784,685 whilst the size of the duct 41, which is generally of square
cross section, is reduced in stages between successive channels 43 All
these factors together produce an -qualisation of the compressed air
flow along the length of the nozzle mouth.
The mouth of the suction nozzle 31, as will be seen from Figure 2, is
inclined at about to the vertical and is equipped with a series of
parallel bars 48 which are carried by rods 49 and each of which

15. extends across the width of the mouth of this duct These bars are
slightly inclined, as seen in the vertical plane (Figure 1), and are
regularly spaced so as to define a series of slot-like openings at the
mouth of nozzle 31.
In use the skin 50 is fed into the machine by hand over the table 15
and first passes between the roller 5 and an auxiliary roller 51 which
controls the infeed The roller 51 is loosely rotatable in arms 81
pivoted to the end uprights 2, such that this roller is merely
weight-biassed against the roller 5 It is disposed in a hood 52 which
is connected through a casing 53 with the duct 34, and thus with the
suction source, this providing an auxiliary means for removal of dust
finding its way to the upper side of the rollers 3 and 5 during the
buffing operation.
The skin then passes between the rollers 3 and 5 and the buffing
operation takes place thereon The buffed skin descends more or less
vertically from the nip between rollers 3 and 5 into contact with the
brush 21, and it will be noted from Figure 2 that this brush is
disposed so as to ensure that the skin is resiliently applied against
the bars 48 at the mouth of the suction nozzle 31, i e so that the
brush Vill not obstruct a limited billowing of the skin It will also
be observed that the compressed air from the nozzle 32, located
alongside the path of the skin and in advance of nozzle 31, is
directed between the descending skin and the roller 3, and in a
direction counter to the direction of travel of this skin and
tangentially or substantially tangentially to the roller periphery,
thereby to assist in contesting any tendency of the skin 5 to wrap
around roller 3 instead of travelling downwards as required This
tendency varies with the thickness of the skin At the same time the
air from nozzle 32, striking the buffed surface of the skin 5 at an
oblique angle, loosens much of the dust therefrom, and this dust is
drawn into the nozzle 32 by the suction in the latter There is a
limited billowing of the skin at this point.
As the skin travels over the guide surface provided at the mouth of
nozzle 31 by the bars 48, its direction of travel is at a slight angle
to that of the bars, and this ensurjs that every surface element of
the buffed side of the skin passes over a slot-like opening at some
stage in its travel, thus precluding any chance of strips of dust
being left on the skin.
From the point of its application between the brush 21 and the mouth
of nozzle 31, the skin undergoes a change of direction to the delivery
table 27, and between the suction nozzle and this table it is
subjected to a further 70 stream of compressed air from the nozzle 33
to remove any dust which may still adhere to the skin As will be seen
from Figure 2, by virtue of the change in direction of the skin

16. between the parts at which the compressed air 75 streams from nozzles
32 and 33 are applied, these streams are therefore directed at
different angles to the skin surface and this is found to promote the
dust extraction.
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* GB784686 (A)
Description: GB784686 (A) ? 1957-10-16
A gripper for a cleaning device such as a cloth, mop or sponge
Description of GB784686 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 15, 1955.
784,686 No 10910/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance,:-Class 61, K 4 C.
International Classification:-A 471.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
A Gripper for a Cleaning Device such as a Cloth, Mop or Sponge I, Kk
Ri L WEGER, of Austrian Nationality, of 32, Prinz Eugenstrasse, Vienna
IV, Austria, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be S granted to me, and the method by whieh it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:This invention relates to cleaning appliances, more
particularly to a gripper for a cleaning device such as a cloth, mop
or sponge.
Cleaning appliances are known in which a handle carries two gripping
jaws for the cleaning device and in which one jaw is pivoted and is
held in gripping position by the force of a coil spring whilst the

17. other jaw rigidly fixed to the handle, is inclined to enable a brush
fixed to the underside of said jaw to be used In such known appliances
the spring was arranged in the longitudinal plane of symmetry and
imparted to the appliance an excessive overall height in the inclined
position.
Cleaning appliances are also known having a T-shaped head and a
U-shaped yoke displaceable in the direction of the handle and having a
cross member bearing in the gripping position against the head fixed
to the handle In such construction, the ends of the limbs of the yoke
are linked to a tightener lever and two coil springs are disposed on
both sides of the handle and connected to parts of the tightener lever
which are of variable length With such an arrangement the connection
of the springs to the tightener lever is such that the distance
whereby the springs are compressed equals the distance by which the
yoke is opened, so that the gripping force varies considerably with
the thickness of different cleaning members.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cleaning
appliance utilising a pivoted spring urged jaw g Tipper for a lPrice
3/61 cleaning member as above set forth in which a firm grip is
obtained under all normal conditions, and in which the overall height
of the appliance is kept to a minimum, enabling same to be used be 50
neath low articles of furniture Other objects of the invention will
become apparent as the specification proceeds.
According to the invention, there is provided a gripper for a cleaning
device such 55 as a cloth, mop or sponge, having a socket for
receiving a handle a fixed jaw rigid with said socket, a movable jaw
pivoted to said socket for co-operating with said fixed jaw to grip
said cleaning device between 60 said jaws, and coil spring means
strainable to urge the movable jaw into gripping position against said
fixed jaw, characterised in that said coil spring means are arranged
on opposite sides of the socket 65 and that means are provided
connecting said coil spring means between the socket, to which said
coil spring means are directly or indirectly connected, and a point of
said movable jaw spaced from the 70 pivotal axis thereof, said
connecting means being arranged to hold said coil spring means
strained when the movable jaw is in gripping position so that said
coil spring means do not extend above or below said 75 socket when the
axis of the socket and the front edges of said jaws are horizontally
disposed.
Other features of the invention will become apparent as the
specifiecation pro 80 ceeds.
Three embodiments of the gripper according to the invention are shown
in the accompanying drawings, in which Figs 1 and 2 show the first
embodiment 85 in side elevation and top plan view, respectively,

18. whereas Figs 3 and 4, respectively, show two additional embodiments in
side elevation.
The gripper comprises the two jaws 190 ' 784,686 and 2 The jaw 1,
rigid with the socket 4 fitted on the handle end 5, is inclined to the
socket axis This jaw also may be constructed so that a brush can be
fixed thereto, in known manner The jaw 2 is pivoted to the socket 4 by
the pivot pin 3 and consists of a two-armed lever The extensions 6
protruding from the hlub portion tion of jaw 2 form the short lever
arm and partly surround the socket 4 in the form of a U-shaped bail At
the other end of the socket 4 the tightener lever S is arranged, which
is pivoted on pin 7 and preferably comprises two limbs 's, which are
arranged on)both sides of the socket.
and/or handle and are interconnected at their free ends to formn a
U-shaped bail 9 spring-urged against the handle.
The extensions 6 of the movable jaw 2 are connected to the limbs 8 of
the tightener lever by two teision springs 10 i, which are arrainged
laterally of the socket 4 and immetrical wvith respect to a plane
extending at right angles to the pivotal axis of the mo-vable jaw, and
are hun' at one end in laterally protruding eye lugs 11 of the lever
arms 6, on the other end in ligs 12 of the tightener lever 8 Lugs 11
and 12 are spaced from the respective pivotal axes 3 and 7,
respectively, by distances which are small compared to the length of
parts 2 and 8.
According to Figs 1 and 2 the jaw 2 of the appliance is spring-urged
into gripping position when the tilghtener lever 8 bears on the handle
When the lever 8 is turned up into the dotted position of Fig 1, the
springs 10 will relax and the jaw 2 will release the cleaning cloth or
the like Due to the lateral arrangement of the springs they do not
extend beyond the top of the socket when viewed from the side when the
movable jaw 2 is in gripping position Thus the appliance is of very
small height when held in a slightly inclined working position, any
projeeting parts at its upper edge being avoided For this reason the
appliance may be used also in spaces difficult of access, e g, beneath
pieces of furniture mounted oin low feet, without inflicting damage to
the furniture.
In the embodiment of the cleaning appliance according' to the
inv,-ention shown, in Fig 3, the jaw 2 and the tightener lever 8 are
pivoted on a common pivot 3 fixed to the socket 4 The two tension
springs 10 are again disposed on opposite sides of the socket 4 but in
this case the tightener lever 8 must be pivotally movable downwardl
from the handle The points 11 and 12 where the springs are attached to
the extensions 6 of the jaw 2 and to the tighltener lever 8,
respectively, are located so as to cause the springs to exercise
oppositely directed moments on the jaw 2 and tl e tiehtener lever ll

19. when the jaw 2 is in gripping position To, release the jawv O from its
rippin" position, the tightener lever is depressed uitil tlhe axes of
the coil sprilzs 16 pass lirngh 70 the dead-cenfitre position For
ripping a serubbing-clloth, mor, or ie like the lever 8 is turned up
-w Xhile the fic-d jaw is urged against the floor ti render ei'fetive
the force required for straining the slrng 75 An even more simpiilied
emroduiment of the appliance is apparent 'fr-m Fig 4.
Here the essential feature resides in the fixation of the springs 10 1
the onie hand directly to the socket 4, on the oter hand 80 direttly
to the short lever ari 6 -of the pivoted jaw 2 It w-ill le ne i l-at
t'ie movable jaw 2 eonstitmes one arm,i a three-armed jaw lev-er, vhih
is riv tally emonected to the socket thrfi Joi the pivot 85 ax-is:3
and thle coil sprini mieaus a're 'oineeted at one end to the t: Let
a,l a T te other end to a semld arm,the sl e_,t ev-er arm 6 i whilst
the third arm I,- nstitntes a lhadl e fot r anipuia, The piw, tai 90
axis of the saidl i, el i S spaetfr, Th the line of pull of the sprin
meallns so that zhpen the movable iai is i,,vte olt -i its grippini_
positicn into an open positi ll, the spring ineans plass thiioilh a
dead 95 eentre position As w Vill Ie seen -irorn Figr.
4 the moment exercised 1-t the spints 1) on the jaw 2 acts in the clo
vise sense i the grippino positim'-l, ii the aiti 1, l ise sense in
the open positu, For turnia 100 the jaw 2 from one po Skitni into the
other, the third lev er arm 14 is used this servillng as a handle
hinch is desirally also arranged laterall: tf the socktet 4 and the
hliandle end 5 so that it does not interfere 108 with the use of the
appliance It is sufieient to provide that handle, which replaces the
tightener le er only on one side of the socket If the handle 14 is
turned upwardly in the sense ouf the arrow thle 110 springs 10 are
pulled beyond their deadcentre position and the jaw 2 assumes its open
position.
Thus it is apparent that all three embodiments shown in the hrayh' c
omprise 115 means connectimn the coil springo eaar 10 between the
sokfet 4 and a point,,if the movable jaw 2 sraed fr,-, the piviotal
axis 3 thereof In Fis 1 to 3 said eonnecting means consist of the
linking mieans 120 11 at one end of springa 10 and of the linkinn
means 12 at lthe other e 1nd ol the springs 10 towerther ith the
ti"lfenler le-ver and tlie pin 7 in Figs L 2 ' in Fir 3 h-ere it
is,-nlle-t,1 1 t' so 6-ie 1 4 125 In Fig ' said eonneev i e means
consist if the linini mieas 11 i al 13 All Tilese lilnkino lreans are
ari 'edl to lled the A oil sprint hteans 1-i laterall-: s;-kel' 4 and
to hold them srai ned within the ralnge 130 784,686 of the contour of
the socket when seen in the direction of the pivotal axis 3 of the
movable jaw 2 when the latter is in gripping position.
One of said linking means is rigid with the tightening means pivoted

20. to the socket.
In Figs 1 to 3 the linking means 12 is rigid with the tightener lever
8, in Fig 4 the linking means 11 is rigid with tightener lever 14
These linking means rigid with the tightening means are movable by the
latter into a dead-centre position, in which the pivotal axis ( 7 in
Figs 1, 2; 3 in Figs 3, 4) on which said tightening means is connected
to the socket 4 is intersected by an imaginary line connecting the
points where said coil spring means on (ne side of said socket are
connected to said linking means when the movable jaw and tightening
means are in their gripping and final straining positions,
respectively.
An advantage common to all embodiments described hereinbefore resides
in the arrangement of the springs and handoperable lever laterally of
the socket and/ or handle so that the appliance is of a low overall
height and can be made in a very simple construction The basic
principle of the appliance is not changed when oempression springs are
replaced for the tension springs.
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* GB784687 (A)
Description: GB784687 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to lifeboats
Description of GB784687 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: IVAN RUPERT FLEMING 784,687 Date of filing Complete
Specification April 13, 1956.
Application Date April 28, 1955.
Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957.

21. Index at Acceptance:-Class 113, A( 11: 27: X).
International Classification: -B 63 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Lifeboats We, I R FLEMING & COMPANY
LIMITED, a British company, of 734, Tower Building, Water Street,
Liverpool, 3, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention is for improvements in or relating to lifeboats and is
particularly applicable to lifeboats which may be driven by a screw
propeller.
According to the present invention there is provided a lifeboat having
a hull with both its ends of substantially the same shape and a
heel-bar or main frame which, below the hull of the boat, tapers
relatively to the bottom of the boat from the stern to the stem or is
deeper at the stern than at the stem so as to compensate for loss of
draught or increased buoyancy at the stern and ensure that when the
boat is fitted with a propeller said propeller will be effectively
immersed even when the boat is in a light condition.
In carrying the invention into effect the rake or angle of the stem of
the boat will generally be increased beyond the normal so as to make
it substantially the same as that of the stern It is also possible
with the construction according to the present invention to increase
the rake or angle of the stern beyond the normal This ensures that a
screw propeller when fitted will be housed well under the gunwale-line
for protection.
According to a further feature of the present invention there is
provided a method of making a lifeboat which comprises shaping both
sides of the hull of the boat separately with substantially
identically shaped ends on or with the same or a similar mould, die or
template and securing or bonding the two sides of the boat together at
or adjacent the longitudinal centre line thereof, with a main frame or
keel-bar set relatively to the bottom of the boat so that it tapers
from the stern to the stem to compensate for loss of draught or
increased buoyancy at the stern and ensure lPricx 3 s 6 d 1 that when
the boat is fitted with a propeller said propeller will be effectively
immersed even when the boat is in a light condition.
It will be appreciated that without some adjustment or modification of
the positioning of the main frame or keel-bar the boat, if both ends
are the same, would normally float in such a position that the
propeller would not be effectively immersed The present invention
overcomes this possibility whilst at the same time allowing both ends
of the boat to be made of the same shape, which greatly facilitates

22. the construction of the boat because the same templates can be used
for marking out the plates or planks for both sides of the boat or the
same moulds or dies can be used for both sides of the boat when such
sides are moulded or pressed to shape, e g from bonded fibre glass
This is of particular advantage where a complete side of a boat is
moulded or pressed to shape in one piece and therefore a very large
mould is required Prior to the present invention it was necessary to
provide two separate moulds one for one side of the boat and one for
the other side, because clearly, if both ends of the boat are
different then two halves from the same mould will not mate together
to form a complete hull.
Two specific embodiments of boats in accordance with the present
invention will now be described by way of example with reference to
the diagrammatic drawings accompanying the provisional specification
In the drawings:Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one
embodiment; Figure 2 is a similar view of a second embodiment, and
Figure 3 is a typical cross-section of a boat according to the
invention.
In all the figures of the drawings the reference numeral 10 indicates
the hull or skin of the boat, 11 indicates the main frame or keelbar,
12 indicates the stem, 13 the stern post and 14 the skeg.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 the main frame or
keel 11, under . No 12229/55.
784,687 the bottom of the boat,' is given a rake or downward
inclination from the stem to the stern relatively to the level or
horizontal bottom-line or rabbet-line 10 a of the hull so as to ensure
complete or almost complete immersion of the propeller even when the
boat is floating in the light condition.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2 the main frame or
keel-bar 11 tapers, under the bottom of the boat, relatively to the
"rabbet-line" O 10 a, from the stern to the stem so as to ensure
complete or almost complete immersion of the propeller even when the
boat is floating in the fight condition.
The stem 12 of the boat may be formed as a separate piece welded to
the main frame or keel-bar 11 or it may be bent to shape as an
integral continuation of the main frame or keel-bar A strengthening
gusset 15 may be provided between the main frame and the stem as
necessary Similarly, the stern post 13 may, in some cases, be an
integral bentup extension of the keel-bar or main frame 11.
The main frame 11 and stem 12 have a bracket 16 secured to them for
attachment of the lifting hook and for a similar purpose a bracket 17
is also secured between the main frame 11 and the stern post 13 The
latter bracket also carries a dow-nwardly inclined bearing 18 for the
propeller shaft.

23. The main frame or keel-bar 11 may be cut to shape from plate or may be
formed from an extruded bar, e g a bar of aluminium or aluminium alloy
extruded to the required section Conveniently the sides of the boat
have an edge flange as indicated at 19 in Figure 3 by which they are
rivetted, clamped or otherwise secured on opposite sides of the main
frame, stem and stern post.
The boat shown in the drawings may, for example, have its sides
moulded to shape from laminated bonded fibre glass or other plastic
material or it may be pressed to shape from aluminium, steel or other
metal plate The whole of each side of the boat may be moulded or
pressed to shape trom a single sheet, layer or multiple ply of
material.
The main frame or keel bar 11 ea be made from steel or other metal
instead of aluminium or from some other material (e g.
fibre-glass or plastic) extruded, rolled, moulded or otherwise formed
to the required shape.
Similarly, other parts (e g seats and thwarts) or fittings of the boat
may be moulded or pressed to shape from, for example, fibre-glass or
plastic.
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