1) The document describes a packaging machine that inserts soft products like rubber goods into envelopes. It does this by first inserting the product into a flattened tube, then inserting the end of the tube containing the product into an open envelope.
2) A gripping device then presses on the part of the product protruding from the tube to hold it in place as the tube is withdrawn.
3) The machine uses a rotating spider arm mechanism to position flattened tubes containing products above open envelopes on a rotating turntable, transferring the products into the envelopes as the tubes are inserted and withdrawn.
This document describes improvements to thrust bearing arrangements that can distribute load between individual bearings or groups of bearings. It discloses using wedge surfaces on thrust members that engage with an abutment to distribute load in the axial direction. This enables simple and compact load distribution without excessive sensitivity. Figures 1-7 illustrate examples of arrangements using wedge surfaces or balls to distribute load between multiple bearings through split sleeves or rings.
This document describes a patent for improvements to transformers. It discusses how distribution transformers need to withstand short circuits of currents 25-40 times the rated current without the coils moving relative to each other. This can cause insulation breakdown over time. The invention aims to provide an improved arrangement for anchoring the transformer coils to prevent relative movement when subjected to powerful electromagnetic forces from short circuits many times the rated capacity.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, each containing a slidable rod connected to a chain. The rod carries a head that packs sliver into cans. The chains are connected to wheels on a shaft that is oscillated back and forth, causing the rods and heads to move up and down in a tramping motion to pack the sliver. This mechanism eliminates extending levers and allows for close spacing of the cans. Diagrams show two embodiments using springs or weights to assist the up and down motion of the rods and heads.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This mechanism takes up less space than prior designs and avoids extending levers from the machine, allowing for closer disposal of cans.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This design eliminates extending levers and allows for close spacing of cans compared to previous mechanisms.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This mechanism takes up less space than prior designs and avoids extending levers from the machine, allowing for closer disposal of cans.
This document describes improvements to machines for broadcasting seeds, fertilizers, and other granular materials. It includes means to vary the distribution of materials in three ways: 1) by adjusting an outlet from the hopper to confine distribution to an arc and vary its spread, 2) by adjusting the outlet angularly to vary the direction of the arc, and 3) by adjusting a masking plate to vary the length of the outlet arc and thereby control the rate of distribution. These adjustments allow for variations in materials and machine operating conditions.
This document describes a self-loading transport vehicle. It includes a shovel and trough that are pivoted to crowd material into the transport body. A dump gate at the bottom of the body opens and closes through connection to power means used to manipulate the shovel and trough. When the trough is moved toward its loading position, it causes the dump gate to close through this connection, with the gate held shut by a latch. The transport allows material to be loaded through use of the shovel and trough weights during opening and closing of the dump gate.
This document describes improvements to thrust bearing arrangements that can distribute load between individual bearings or groups of bearings. It discloses using wedge surfaces on thrust members that engage with an abutment to distribute load in the axial direction. This enables simple and compact load distribution without excessive sensitivity. Figures 1-7 illustrate examples of arrangements using wedge surfaces or balls to distribute load between multiple bearings through split sleeves or rings.
This document describes a patent for improvements to transformers. It discusses how distribution transformers need to withstand short circuits of currents 25-40 times the rated current without the coils moving relative to each other. This can cause insulation breakdown over time. The invention aims to provide an improved arrangement for anchoring the transformer coils to prevent relative movement when subjected to powerful electromagnetic forces from short circuits many times the rated capacity.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, each containing a slidable rod connected to a chain. The rod carries a head that packs sliver into cans. The chains are connected to wheels on a shaft that is oscillated back and forth, causing the rods and heads to move up and down in a tramping motion to pack the sliver. This mechanism eliminates extending levers and allows for close spacing of the cans. Diagrams show two embodiments using springs or weights to assist the up and down motion of the rods and heads.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This mechanism takes up less space than prior designs and avoids extending levers from the machine, allowing for closer disposal of cans.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This design eliminates extending levers and allows for close spacing of cans compared to previous mechanisms.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, with rods inside that carry packing heads. Chains connect the rods to wheels on a shaft, allowing the rods and heads to move up and down periodically to pack sliver into cans. This mechanism takes up less space than prior designs and avoids extending levers from the machine, allowing for closer disposal of cans.
This document describes improvements to machines for broadcasting seeds, fertilizers, and other granular materials. It includes means to vary the distribution of materials in three ways: 1) by adjusting an outlet from the hopper to confine distribution to an arc and vary its spread, 2) by adjusting the outlet angularly to vary the direction of the arc, and 3) by adjusting a masking plate to vary the length of the outlet arc and thereby control the rate of distribution. These adjustments allow for variations in materials and machine operating conditions.
This document describes a self-loading transport vehicle. It includes a shovel and trough that are pivoted to crowd material into the transport body. A dump gate at the bottom of the body opens and closes through connection to power means used to manipulate the shovel and trough. When the trough is moved toward its loading position, it causes the dump gate to close through this connection, with the gate held shut by a latch. The transport allows material to be loaded through use of the shovel and trough weights during opening and closing of the dump gate.
This document describes a variable speed gearbox that provides multiple forward and reverse speeds. It consists of juxtaposed gear units, each with two fixed ratio gear couples that can be selectively engaged to provide two speed stages. The gear couples have elements mounted on a common driving shaft and driven shaft. Clutches allow the elements to be selectively coupled to the shafts for unitary rotation. The gearbox arrangement allows for continuous shifting between gear ratios without delays between stages. It also allows for a compact transverse size suitable for agricultural tractors.
This document describes a variable speed gearbox that provides multiple forward and reverse speeds. It consists of juxtaposed gear units, each with two fixed ratio gear couples that can be selectively engaged to provide two speed stages. The gear couples have elements mounted on a common driving shaft and driven shaft. Clutches allow the elements to be selectively coupled to the shafts for unitary rotation. The gearbox arrangement allows for continuous shifting between gear ratios without delays between stages. It provides a compact transverse profile that is advantageous for applications like agricultural tractors.
This document describes improvements to rotary pumps, motors, and meters. It details a new pump design with two unequal rotors mounted on parallel shafts rotating in opposite directions. One rotor is constructed as an eccentric while the other has teeth matching the eccentric's body of revolution and the speed ratio, providing a fluid-tight seal. This allows for simple and accurate manufacturing of the rotors. The pump operates through the timed opening and closing of inlet and outlet channels by the rotating rotors to transfer fluid from inlet to outlet in a continuous cycle. Ratios of 1:3 and 1:2 between the rotor speeds are mainly used.
This document describes an improved tank gauging apparatus. It consists of a housing mounted on a storage tank containing a reel, gauging tape, and weight. The reel is automatically arrested when the weight stops descending to prevent false readings from tape slack. This is accomplished through a braking mechanism activated by tension in the tape. The apparatus allows the reel to arrest without suddenly stopping the operating crank, reducing wear. It also includes a window and door for accessing the interior of the housing.
This document describes a patent for an improved portable drilling rig mounted on a vehicle. Some key points:
1) The drilling rig allows lengths of drill pipe to be added to the drill string without needing to remove the string from the borehole, saving time.
2) The drill string is driven directly by a motor near the point of suspension from a movable jib, rather than using a rotating Kelly bar that requires removing from the borehole.
3) As additional lengths of pipe are added, the motor and bit remain near the bottom of the hole, avoiding debris falling down.
This document describes a patent for an improved portable drilling rig mounted on a vehicle. Some key points:
1) The drilling rig allows lengths of drill pipe to be added to the drill string without needing to remove the string from the borehole, saving time.
2) The drill string is driven directly by a motor near the point of suspension from a movable jib, rather than using a rotating Kelly bar that requires removing from the borehole.
3) As additional lengths of pipe are added, the motor and bit remain near the bottom of the hole throughout the process.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and close the molds.
- It has hydraulic systems to first close the molds, then provide a final high-pressure squeeze to the molds using a booster pump.
- Various hydraulic valves and limit switches control the movements and ensure the molds fully close and lock in place before injection.
This document provides a 3 page description of improvements to an injection molding machine. Key details include:
- The machine uses a pair of fixed members and a movable mold-closing unit comprising a pair of movable members to open and close molds.
- The movable members include interpenetrating piston and cylinder portions allowing fluid pressure to move one movable member relative to the other to close the mold.
- Additional details are provided on the hydraulic and electrical systems used to power movement and operation of the machine components including pumps, valves, cylinders and limit switches.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and inject material.
- It has a movable platen that supports a mold piece, and hydraulic pistons to move the platen towards a fixed platen holding the other mold piece.
- Additional hydraulic systems apply very high pressure to the movable platen for the final closing of the molds.
This patent document describes improvements to a clutch mechanism. Specifically, it describes a clutch with a driving member that has slots on its inner periphery and a driven member with a radially movable detent that engages the slots. The slots and detent are tapered radially outward so there is no play between the members when engaged. The clutch engages immediately when actuated and prevents initial slipping between the members.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a tray loading apparatus. It includes a dough cutter and a movable support platform beneath the cutter to receive raw dough shapes in a predetermined pattern. The apparatus aims to automatically load trays of raw dough shapes in an efficient manner for smaller bakery operations with limited space and resources, as a cheaper alternative to larger, more expensive existing devices. It conveys trays along a closed path using sprockets and chains while periodically dropping dough shapes onto the moving trays to form transverse rows in a rectilinear pattern across the loaded trays.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a tray loading apparatus. It includes a dough cutter and a movable support platform beneath the cutter to receive raw dough shapes in a predetermined pattern. The apparatus aims to automatically load trays of raw dough shapes in an efficient manner for smaller bakery operations with limited space and resources, as a improvement over existing larger and more expensive devices. It conveys trays along a closed path using sprockets and chains while periodically dropping dough shapes onto the moving trays to form transverse rows in a rectilinear pattern across the loaded trays.
The document describes improvements to hub pullers, which are tools used to remove wheel hubs from axles. It discloses a hub puller design with a body portion, threaded thrust member, and pivotally mounted arms with ring-like stud-engaging ends. The ring-like ends receive adapter rings of different diameters to engage wheel hub studs of varying sizes. This ensures the rings are concentric with the studs during use, avoiding lateral forces that could damage the studs.
This document summarizes a patent for a machine that applies rubber caps to containers. It describes a machine with fingers arranged in an annular form that can place a cap, and pistons that impart radial movement to the fingers. It also includes a rotary table to carry containers, a head carrying the fingers that can slide, and a piston to actuate the head. The machine applies caps by extending the fingers to stretch the cap over the container, then retracting the fingers to leave the cap in place.
This document describes a patent for an improved guide assembly for lift cars. The guide assembly uses rubber or rubber-like materials to mount guide shoes or rollers. This allows for vertical displacement of the shoes/rollers against the force of the rubber materials. This helps reduce noise and vibration transmission to the lift car. The assembly may have one or more guide shoes/rollers mounted on arms that can rotate due to the torsional force of rubber bushings.
This document provides a description of GB785603 (A), a patent for improvements to a continuous sintering machine. Specifically, it describes a sintering machine with guide rails that have a compound curve, with two merging arcuate parts of different radii. This causes the pallets carrying material to be inverted at a higher level with a sharper turning movement, before continuing downward on a more gradual slope. This improves emptying of the pallets and the gravitational effects, allowing more effective return of the pallets to the loading end.
This document describes a patent for a clutch mechanism for driving textile spinning or twisting spindles. The clutch allows reliable operation of the spindle even with large cop weights or varying speeds without significant changes to the spinning machine. The clutch comprises two clutch members on the same driven shaft that can move axially to engage and disengage. One member rotates with the shaft while the other connects to the spindle. The members have both positive-drive teeth and friction surfaces arranged so that friction engages before the teeth, allowing shock-free starting and braking when disengaged.
Fundamentals of Physics "ROLLING, TORQUE, AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM"Muhammad Faizan Musa
11-1 ROLLING AS TRANSLATION AND ROTATION COMBINED
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
11.01 Identify that smooth rolling can be considered as a
combination of pure translation and pure rotation.
11.02 Apply the relationship between the center-of-mass
speed and the angular speed of a body in smooth rolling.
11-2 FORCES AND KINETIC ENERGY OF ROLLING
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
11.03 Calculate the kinetic energy of a body in smooth rolling as
the sum of the translational kinetic energy of the center of mass
and the rotational kinetic energy around the center of mass.
11.04 Apply the relationship between the work done on a
smoothly rolling object and the change in its kinetic energy.
11.05 For smooth rolling (and thus no sliding), conserve mechanical energy to relate initial energy values to the values
at a later point.
1.06 Draw a free-body diagram of an accelerating body that is
smoothly rolling on a horizontal surface or up or down a ramp.
11.07 Apply the relationship between the center-of-mass
acceleration and the angular acceleration.
11.08 For smooth rolling of an object up or down a
ramp, apply the relationship between the object’s
acceleration, its rotational inertia, and the angle of
the ramp.
This document describes patent GB780002 (A) for an electronic switching circuit arrangement. It includes a detailed description of the circuit components, including a central conductor, rectifiers, resistors and switching units. The circuit allows for rectifiers to act as either controlling or controlled components depending on how they are connected between relay circuits. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate example circuit configurations. The switching circuit can be used in applications like code converters to convert between binary input signals and converted output codes.
This document describes a patent application for improvements to regulating systems for dynamo-electric machines. Specifically, it describes a system that incorporates means to automatically prevent reduction of generator excitation below the stability limit. The system includes an automatic voltage regulator and overriding control means that prevent excitation from falling below a value determined by the magnitude of the generator load current.
This document describes a patent for a soap holder and applicator. The soap holder is made of a flexible material shaped like a soap cake with a slit that can be opened by squeezing to insert pieces of used soap. Part of the wall has a criss-cross lattice formation to expose the soap and allow direct contact between the soap and skin during use. When squeezed, the two halves of the holder separate to form an opening for inserting soap pieces.
This document describes an improved animal holding device consisting of a pair of movable side arms that can embrace an animal's neck. The side arms are pivotally mounted and given simultaneous movement by contact with a pivoted operating lever. In the closed position, the side arms imprison the animal's neck, while in the open position they leave a wide space for the animal to put its head. The device allows animals to be safely held for inspection, medical treatment, or other purposes in a simple and humane manner.
This document describes a variable speed gearbox that provides multiple forward and reverse speeds. It consists of juxtaposed gear units, each with two fixed ratio gear couples that can be selectively engaged to provide two speed stages. The gear couples have elements mounted on a common driving shaft and driven shaft. Clutches allow the elements to be selectively coupled to the shafts for unitary rotation. The gearbox arrangement allows for continuous shifting between gear ratios without delays between stages. It also allows for a compact transverse size suitable for agricultural tractors.
This document describes a variable speed gearbox that provides multiple forward and reverse speeds. It consists of juxtaposed gear units, each with two fixed ratio gear couples that can be selectively engaged to provide two speed stages. The gear couples have elements mounted on a common driving shaft and driven shaft. Clutches allow the elements to be selectively coupled to the shafts for unitary rotation. The gearbox arrangement allows for continuous shifting between gear ratios without delays between stages. It provides a compact transverse profile that is advantageous for applications like agricultural tractors.
This document describes improvements to rotary pumps, motors, and meters. It details a new pump design with two unequal rotors mounted on parallel shafts rotating in opposite directions. One rotor is constructed as an eccentric while the other has teeth matching the eccentric's body of revolution and the speed ratio, providing a fluid-tight seal. This allows for simple and accurate manufacturing of the rotors. The pump operates through the timed opening and closing of inlet and outlet channels by the rotating rotors to transfer fluid from inlet to outlet in a continuous cycle. Ratios of 1:3 and 1:2 between the rotor speeds are mainly used.
This document describes an improved tank gauging apparatus. It consists of a housing mounted on a storage tank containing a reel, gauging tape, and weight. The reel is automatically arrested when the weight stops descending to prevent false readings from tape slack. This is accomplished through a braking mechanism activated by tension in the tape. The apparatus allows the reel to arrest without suddenly stopping the operating crank, reducing wear. It also includes a window and door for accessing the interior of the housing.
This document describes a patent for an improved portable drilling rig mounted on a vehicle. Some key points:
1) The drilling rig allows lengths of drill pipe to be added to the drill string without needing to remove the string from the borehole, saving time.
2) The drill string is driven directly by a motor near the point of suspension from a movable jib, rather than using a rotating Kelly bar that requires removing from the borehole.
3) As additional lengths of pipe are added, the motor and bit remain near the bottom of the hole, avoiding debris falling down.
This document describes a patent for an improved portable drilling rig mounted on a vehicle. Some key points:
1) The drilling rig allows lengths of drill pipe to be added to the drill string without needing to remove the string from the borehole, saving time.
2) The drill string is driven directly by a motor near the point of suspension from a movable jib, rather than using a rotating Kelly bar that requires removing from the borehole.
3) As additional lengths of pipe are added, the motor and bit remain near the bottom of the hole throughout the process.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and close the molds.
- It has hydraulic systems to first close the molds, then provide a final high-pressure squeeze to the molds using a booster pump.
- Various hydraulic valves and limit switches control the movements and ensure the molds fully close and lock in place before injection.
This document provides a 3 page description of improvements to an injection molding machine. Key details include:
- The machine uses a pair of fixed members and a movable mold-closing unit comprising a pair of movable members to open and close molds.
- The movable members include interpenetrating piston and cylinder portions allowing fluid pressure to move one movable member relative to the other to close the mold.
- Additional details are provided on the hydraulic and electrical systems used to power movement and operation of the machine components including pumps, valves, cylinders and limit switches.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and inject material.
- It has a movable platen that supports a mold piece, and hydraulic pistons to move the platen towards a fixed platen holding the other mold piece.
- Additional hydraulic systems apply very high pressure to the movable platen for the final closing of the molds.
This patent document describes improvements to a clutch mechanism. Specifically, it describes a clutch with a driving member that has slots on its inner periphery and a driven member with a radially movable detent that engages the slots. The slots and detent are tapered radially outward so there is no play between the members when engaged. The clutch engages immediately when actuated and prevents initial slipping between the members.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a tray loading apparatus. It includes a dough cutter and a movable support platform beneath the cutter to receive raw dough shapes in a predetermined pattern. The apparatus aims to automatically load trays of raw dough shapes in an efficient manner for smaller bakery operations with limited space and resources, as a cheaper alternative to larger, more expensive existing devices. It conveys trays along a closed path using sprockets and chains while periodically dropping dough shapes onto the moving trays to form transverse rows in a rectilinear pattern across the loaded trays.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a tray loading apparatus. It includes a dough cutter and a movable support platform beneath the cutter to receive raw dough shapes in a predetermined pattern. The apparatus aims to automatically load trays of raw dough shapes in an efficient manner for smaller bakery operations with limited space and resources, as a improvement over existing larger and more expensive devices. It conveys trays along a closed path using sprockets and chains while periodically dropping dough shapes onto the moving trays to form transverse rows in a rectilinear pattern across the loaded trays.
The document describes improvements to hub pullers, which are tools used to remove wheel hubs from axles. It discloses a hub puller design with a body portion, threaded thrust member, and pivotally mounted arms with ring-like stud-engaging ends. The ring-like ends receive adapter rings of different diameters to engage wheel hub studs of varying sizes. This ensures the rings are concentric with the studs during use, avoiding lateral forces that could damage the studs.
This document summarizes a patent for a machine that applies rubber caps to containers. It describes a machine with fingers arranged in an annular form that can place a cap, and pistons that impart radial movement to the fingers. It also includes a rotary table to carry containers, a head carrying the fingers that can slide, and a piston to actuate the head. The machine applies caps by extending the fingers to stretch the cap over the container, then retracting the fingers to leave the cap in place.
This document describes a patent for an improved guide assembly for lift cars. The guide assembly uses rubber or rubber-like materials to mount guide shoes or rollers. This allows for vertical displacement of the shoes/rollers against the force of the rubber materials. This helps reduce noise and vibration transmission to the lift car. The assembly may have one or more guide shoes/rollers mounted on arms that can rotate due to the torsional force of rubber bushings.
This document provides a description of GB785603 (A), a patent for improvements to a continuous sintering machine. Specifically, it describes a sintering machine with guide rails that have a compound curve, with two merging arcuate parts of different radii. This causes the pallets carrying material to be inverted at a higher level with a sharper turning movement, before continuing downward on a more gradual slope. This improves emptying of the pallets and the gravitational effects, allowing more effective return of the pallets to the loading end.
This document describes a patent for a clutch mechanism for driving textile spinning or twisting spindles. The clutch allows reliable operation of the spindle even with large cop weights or varying speeds without significant changes to the spinning machine. The clutch comprises two clutch members on the same driven shaft that can move axially to engage and disengage. One member rotates with the shaft while the other connects to the spindle. The members have both positive-drive teeth and friction surfaces arranged so that friction engages before the teeth, allowing shock-free starting and braking when disengaged.
Fundamentals of Physics "ROLLING, TORQUE, AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM"Muhammad Faizan Musa
11-1 ROLLING AS TRANSLATION AND ROTATION COMBINED
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
11.01 Identify that smooth rolling can be considered as a
combination of pure translation and pure rotation.
11.02 Apply the relationship between the center-of-mass
speed and the angular speed of a body in smooth rolling.
11-2 FORCES AND KINETIC ENERGY OF ROLLING
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
11.03 Calculate the kinetic energy of a body in smooth rolling as
the sum of the translational kinetic energy of the center of mass
and the rotational kinetic energy around the center of mass.
11.04 Apply the relationship between the work done on a
smoothly rolling object and the change in its kinetic energy.
11.05 For smooth rolling (and thus no sliding), conserve mechanical energy to relate initial energy values to the values
at a later point.
1.06 Draw a free-body diagram of an accelerating body that is
smoothly rolling on a horizontal surface or up or down a ramp.
11.07 Apply the relationship between the center-of-mass
acceleration and the angular acceleration.
11.08 For smooth rolling of an object up or down a
ramp, apply the relationship between the object’s
acceleration, its rotational inertia, and the angle of
the ramp.
This document describes patent GB780002 (A) for an electronic switching circuit arrangement. It includes a detailed description of the circuit components, including a central conductor, rectifiers, resistors and switching units. The circuit allows for rectifiers to act as either controlling or controlled components depending on how they are connected between relay circuits. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate example circuit configurations. The switching circuit can be used in applications like code converters to convert between binary input signals and converted output codes.
This document describes a patent application for improvements to regulating systems for dynamo-electric machines. Specifically, it describes a system that incorporates means to automatically prevent reduction of generator excitation below the stability limit. The system includes an automatic voltage regulator and overriding control means that prevent excitation from falling below a value determined by the magnitude of the generator load current.
This document describes a patent for a soap holder and applicator. The soap holder is made of a flexible material shaped like a soap cake with a slit that can be opened by squeezing to insert pieces of used soap. Part of the wall has a criss-cross lattice formation to expose the soap and allow direct contact between the soap and skin during use. When squeezed, the two halves of the holder separate to form an opening for inserting soap pieces.
This document describes an improved animal holding device consisting of a pair of movable side arms that can embrace an animal's neck. The side arms are pivotally mounted and given simultaneous movement by contact with a pivoted operating lever. In the closed position, the side arms imprison the animal's neck, while in the open position they leave a wide space for the animal to put its head. The device allows animals to be safely held for inspection, medical treatment, or other purposes in a simple and humane manner.
This document describes a patent application filed in 1954 for improvements to cobalt-iron-chromium alloys. The alloys contain 45-70% cobalt, 15-22% chromium, 2-6% tungsten and molybdenum each, and 1-6% niobium and/or tantalum. Adding larger amounts of carbon, carbide-forming elements, and other strengtheners improves the heat-resisting properties of the alloys. The alloys are solution treated at 1150-1300°C and may be further improved with warm working at 500-900°C. Several example alloy compositions and their properties such as corrosion resistance are provided.
This document describes a 1957 British patent for an anti-skid control device for fluid pressure brakes used in aircraft. The device uses a rotary inertia element and valve system to sense wheel skidding and automatically reduce brake fluid pressure to prevent skidding, while maintaining braking force. It aims to maximize braking torque without skidding by varying the time to sense skid recovery based on wheel acceleration rates and controlling brake pressure buildup during recovery. The device was an improvement over prior anti-skid systems that would fully release the brakes until the wheel resumed non-slip speed.
This document describes improvements to textile ring spinning machines. It discusses prior art machines and limitations around friction and speed. The invention aims to allow for higher speeds by reducing friction through various means, including driving the spinning ring with an electric motor and using magnetic bearings on the spindle. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the invention, showing the arrangement of motors, magnetic components, and other elements.
The document summarizes an improved nail packing machine that comprises a series of vibrating feeder chutes to efficiently pack nails into cases. An intermediate chute weighs the amount of nails received and interrupts the vibrator on the hopper chute if too many nails are received, allowing the intermediate chute to unload before restoring to normal operation. The machine also includes a vibratory table to further settle the nails into the cases without empty spaces.
The document describes an improved copper-aluminum alloy containing 5.5-8% aluminum, 1-2% cobalt, and 2-6% nickel (replaceable by manganese). The alloy exhibits high resistance to creep at temperatures up to 500°C and good mechanical properties at ordinary temperatures due to precipitation hardening. Preferred proportions are 7% aluminum, 1.5% cobalt, and 4% nickel. Samples of the alloy with this composition demonstrated tensile strengths up to 65 tons/in2, elongations up to 10%, and creep rupture lives over 1000 hours at loads up to 4 tons/in2 when given appropriate heat treatments.
1) The document describes an electronic switching unit comprising two tubes (Bla and Bib) that can alternately conduct or not conduct based on the control grid voltage of the first tube (Bla).
2) The switching unit uses voltage dividers to regenerate the amplitude of the applied switching potential and output nominal and inverted values of the potential at its terminals.
3) By applying multiple switching units in series and connecting their reference potentials, only one voltage source is needed to power the circuit.
This document describes a water softening device that uses ion exchange to soften water from mains before it reaches domestic or industrial premises. It contains a cartridge holding the ion exchange medium that is detachably mounted to a frame. The frame can be fixed to a wall. Water enters the bottom of the cartridge, passes through the ion exchange medium, and exits the top, now softened. The cartridge design makes the water softener inexpensive enough to use with water heaters.
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
1) The document describes improvements relating to electrical storage apparatus, specifically storage systems for numerical data in binary form using an array of double base transistors.
2) A double base transistor has two base electrodes with a trigger electrode and collector electrode in between. Applying a bias voltage between the base electrodes and a trigger voltage to the trigger electrode can trigger the transistor to store data.
3) The transistors can be arranged in a matrix with rows and columns connected to busbars. Applying trigger pulses simultaneously to a row and column can selectively trigger a transistor at that intersection to store a 1, while other transistors remain off and store a 0. Stored data can then be read out without erasing it.
This document summarizes a patent for an apparatus that stores digital data on a moving magnetic medium. It allows for simultaneously reading stored data from a cell on the medium and overriding it by writing new data to the same cell. This is accomplished by using timing impulses to select cells for reading and writing, with the reading gate occurring slightly before the writing gate. This allows time to determine if the cell contents need to be changed based on the read data and other inputs, before overriding the data during the writing gate. The document describes the technical details and diagrams of how this simultaneous read/write process is implemented on the magnetic medium.
This document describes a 1957 British patent for an anti-skid control device for fluid pressure brakes used in aircraft. The device uses a rotary inertia element and valve system to sense wheel skidding and automatically reduce brake fluid pressure to prevent skidding, while maintaining braking force. It aims to maximize braking torque without skidding by varying the time to sense skid recovery based on wheel acceleration rates and controlling brake pressure buildup during recovery. The device was an improvement over prior anti-skid systems which would fully release the brakes until the wheel resumed non-slip speed, resulting in greater stopping distances.
This document describes a preparation and process for permanently changing the shape of hair, such as imparting a permanent wave, using a reducing solution containing a mercaptan (such as thioglycollic acid), a sulphite, and formamide or a substituted formamide (such as urea). Applying the solution to hair wrapped in curlers and heating it to 40-60°C (tepid waving) allows the concentration of mercaptan to be substantially reduced compared to conventional preparations while still effectively changing the hair shape. The preparation pH is preferably 9-10 and concentrations of ingredients like mercaptan, sulphite and formamide or substitute are provided.
This document describes a patent filing from 1957 for an improved clamping device. The device comprises two bifurcated members that can be secured together in different relative positions using a connecting screw. One member has a strip or rail that prevents relative rotation when the two members are secured together. The arrangement allows a shelf or panel to be firmly supported in any of several selected positions relative to a support.
This document provides a summary of GB780031 (A), which describes a process for manufacturing acid amide derivatives of azo-compounds. Specifically, it involves condensing an amine containing at least two reactive amino groups with a carboxylic acid halide from an azo compound, where the azo compound contains a carboxylic acid ester group next to the azo linkage. The starting materials used do not contain groups that impart water solubility. A variety of diamine and azo compounds are described that can be used in this process.
This document describes a patent for improvements to food mixers. It discloses a mixer with an elongated spinner shaft that carries a spinner on one end and connects detachably to the power take-off of the mixer on the other end. A stationary guide receives and steadies the spinner shaft near the spinner to prevent whipping. The spinner shaft connects to the power take-off shaft through a longitudinally movable connector urged away by a spring to form a combined journal and thrust bearing and running seal.
This document describes patent GB784755 (A) for improvements in pressure operated switches. Specifically, it relates to switches where a switch mechanism is actuated by changes in pressure differential across a spring-loaded diaphragm. The switches are used in systems that control air or gas flow through a conduit. The invention provides novel or improved means for varying the degree of spring loading on the diaphragm to alter the pressure differential needed to actuate the switch.
This document describes a plug valve patent from 1957. It includes:
1) A plug valve with a valve member mounted on a stem for axial and rotational movement, and an operating member connected to actuating mechanisms.
2) The actuating mechanisms include cam elements that move the stem axially in one direction, then the opposite direction, upon a predetermined rotational movement of the operating member.
3) Additional components like a housing, lever arms, and interengaging parts precisely coordinate the axial and rotational movements of the valve stem to open, rotate, and reseat the plug valve.
This document summarizes a 1957 patent for an improved prompting apparatus. The apparatus includes two rotatable spools between which a script sheet can be wound. It has a reversible motor and friction wheels that allow the script to be wound in either direction from one spool to the other, presenting the script to the speaker's view at a controlled rate without being apparent to the audience. The electrical components and reversal mechanism are described to allow switching the direction of script movement through the apparatus.
This document describes an apparatus for measuring and supplying loose materials like mineral fines for mixing with asphalt. The apparatus includes a variable volume measuring bin that can be adjusted to hold a predetermined weight of material. Material is fed into the bin until it overflows, ensuring a uniform volume for each measuring operation. Excess material then overflows into a storage area, while the measured material is discharged for mixing. The measuring bin is part of a larger weigh hopper and batch plant system for efficiently measuring and mixing construction materials.
This document provides a detailed description of a gearbox patent with the following key points:
1) The gearbox uses a system of five superimposed shifting elements (grids) equal to the number of speeds plus one for neutral, which can be selectively moved to engage different gears.
2) It includes a preselecting member (ring) that can engage one of the shifting elements to preselect a gear or set the gearbox to neutral.
3) Operating means (spindle and lever) allow moving the preselecting member to engage different shifting elements, selecting the desired gear or neutral position.
The document summarizes an improved nail packing machine that comprises a series of vibrating feeder chutes to efficiently pack nails into cases. An intermediate chute weighs the amount of nails received and interrupts the vibrator on the hopper chute if too many nails are received, allowing the intermediate chute to unload before restoring to normal operation. The machine also includes a vibratory table to further settle the nails into the cases without empty spaces.
The document summarizes an improved nail packing machine that comprises a series of vibrating feeder chutes to efficiently pack nails into cases. An intermediate chute weighs the amount of nails received and interrupts the vibrator on the hopper chute if too many nails are received, allowing the intermediate chute to unload before restoring to normal operation. The machine also includes a vibratory table to further settle the nails into the cases without empty spaces.
The document summarizes an improved nail packing machine that comprises a series of vibrating feeder chutes to efficiently pack nails into cases. An intermediate chute weighs the nails and interrupts the hopper vibrator if it receives too many, allowing it to gradually unload before restoring vibration. A vibratory table beneath the delivery chute ensures nails fully settle in cases without gaps. The machine can pack different nail sizes compactly using minimal moving parts.
This document describes a patent for a method of controlling the rate of oxidation in an autogenetic oxidation process. The key aspects of the control method are: (1) leading at least part of the effluent from the oxidation reactor in a heat exchange with the influent liquor to heat and concentrate the influent, (2) maintaining a minimum temperature of around 3000 British Thermal Units per gallon for the influent liquor entering the reactor to sustain the reaction. The heat exchange concentrates the influent liquor through evaporation without causing excessive heating that could lead to "gunking" or solidification of the flowing liquor.
This document describes British patent GB786154 (A) filed on November 13, 1957 regarding improvements to electric switch operating mechanisms. It involves a simplified construction using only three parts - an actuating member connected to an external operating part like a cord, a spring to return the actuating member to its original position, and a swinging link connecting the actuating member to a pivoting operating member or "dolly". The swinging link transfers the linear motion of the actuating member to reciprocating swinging movements of the dolly to operate the switch contacts.
This document describes British patent GB786154 (A) filed on November 13, 1957 regarding improvements to electric switch operating mechanisms. It involves a simplified construction using only three parts - an actuating member connected to an external operating device like a cord, a spring to return the actuating member to its original position, and a swinging link connecting the actuating member to a pivoting operating member/dolly. The swinging link transfers the linear motion of the actuating member to reciprocating swinging movements of the dolly to operate the switch contacts.
This document describes improvements to a benchtop weighing apparatus. It consists of three key elements:
1) A multi-scale dial face with multiple pointers of different lengths that indicate weight across concentric circular scales, addressing trigonometric issues of traditional single-scale designs.
2) An adjustable levelling device and locking mechanism for transport that prevents wear using external controls.
3) An optional auxiliary weight that increases capacity without needing to change knife edges, aided by a visual indicator of increased scale units.
Detailed drawings and descriptions are provided to illustrate these elements and variations in implementation.
This document describes a patent for improvements to pin bars used on textile tentering machines. The pin bars are designed to prevent direct thermal contact between the fabric and the metal bar in order to achieve more uniform heating. This is achieved through various means, including protective layers on the bar, thicker butt portions below the pin points, or shorter spacing pins between the operative pins. The improvements allow for more consistent crease-proofing and fixing of fabrics at high temperatures.
This document describes a patent for improvements in reciprocating motors that are actuated by a fluid supplied at constant pressure. It involves a piston valve that moves alternately into two positions, connecting one side of the piston to the pressure fluid supply and the other side to exhaust. Plungers on each side of the piston can enter cylindrical spaces at the end of the piston's working stroke to build up pressure and cause the valve to switch positions for the return stroke. Optional features include non-return valves in ducts connecting the valve cavities to the spaces to control fluid flow. The invention is intended for hydraulic motors but not limited to that application or liquid as the working fluid.
This document describes a vehicle with a multi-axle drive system that allows for automatic switching between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive depending on the vehicle's path. It includes a chain drive connecting the transmission shaft to a front axle via a jack shaft assembly inside a casing. The assembly uses a sliding clutch element and ratcheted clutch plates to selectively engage the jack shaft in straight-line driving or disengage it during turns to avoid excess wear. It allows easy modification of standard vehicles to four-wheel drive while addressing issues like lubrication of the drive chain.
This document provides a detailed description of improvements made to pocket stapling machines. Specifically, it describes a stapling machine where the knife that drives staples is guided by front and rear pairs of lugs to improve accuracy and prevent jamming. The knife is returned to its upper position by a hairpin-shaped resilient rod spring. The bolt that guides the knife is held in place by lugs integral with the staple rail that project through windows in the bolt.
This document describes a patent for an apparatus to prevent the release of contaminants from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus recycles exhaust gas through the intake manifold during engine deceleration using a T-shaped fitting between the intake manifold and carburetor, another T-fitting between the exhaust manifold and tail pipe, a pipe connecting the fittings, and valves to shut off fuel and allow exhaust gas recycling during deceleration. The goal is to provide an effective and simple apparatus that can be easily installed and does not affect normal engine operation.
This document describes a patent for a musical cigarette lighter from 1957. It includes 4 figures showing different embodiments of the lighter. The lighter contains a musical movement and means for winding the spring of the movement. The winding means is actuated by displacing a cover means that covers the ignition wick. When the cover is depressed or opened, it pushes a rod that winds the spring of the musical movement, which then plays music when the cover is released.
This document describes improvements to machines for broadcasting seed, fertilizer, and other granular materials. It summarizes a patent for a machine that allows variable control over the spread, direction, and rate of material distribution. The key improvements include an adjustable outlet from the hopper that can change the arc of distribution and direct it radially. Adjusting the length of the outlet also varies the spread of the arc or keeps it constant for different materials.
This document describes a travelling wave tube comprising a ceramic envelope bonded to ceramic discs at each end, with a helix inside. It includes coaxial input/output feeders external to the envelope. Dielectric-loaded stripline impedance transformers couple each end of the helix to the respective feeder. The couplings are formed by a ground plane on the disc joined to the feeder outer conductor, and a radial conducting strip bonded to the disc inner face connected to the helix and feeder inner conductor.
This document describes a patent for a novel looped pile fabric and method of making it. The fabric is woven flat on a simple loom with heat-shrinkable yarns running in one direction and other yarns crossing perpendicularly. Soft lofty yarns are floated over the crossing yarns to form piles. When heat-treated, the shrinkable yarns contract and draw the pile yarns together to form dense upright loops on the surface. The opposite side can then be coated to anchor the piles. This allows inexpensive production of looped pile fabrics on simple looms.
This document is a patent application for improvements to domestic firegrates. It describes a firegrate with a chamber below the oven and a baffle located at the front of the chamber. The baffle extends upward from the firegrate to form a passage below the oven, drawing some combustion gases downward and upward through the chamber and passage to heat the oven. The baffle may include flanges to direct gases and support a firebrick facing the chamber. This design improves oven heating over previous domestic firegrates.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal for one or both parts of a labyrinth gas gland that are liable to rub against each other.
This document describes improvements to reflex klystrons. It discloses a reflex klystron design that avoids the formation of a virtual cathode in the reflector space by ensuring the ratio of the reflector surface area to the cathode surface area is more than twice the ratio of the length of the retarding path in front of the reflector to the length of the acceleration path in front of the cathode. The klystron is suitable for modulation purposes due to its relatively large bandwidth.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes a process for stabilizing textile materials against shrinkage during laundering by treating cellulosic materials with non-volatile acetals of monoaldehydes and dialdehydes containing up to eight carbon atoms, and heating the treated material in the presence of an acidic catalyst and curing at over 121°C. Specific examples are provided of treating fabrics like viscose with acetals then evaluating them for shrinkage after multiple washes. The treatment is said to impart shrink resistance with minimal discoloration and retention of strength and handle.
This document describes improvements to ion traps in cathode-ray tubes. Specifically, it describes a cathode-ray tube design where the axis of the tubular anode adjacent to the cathode is not coaxial with but intersects the common axis of preceding electrodes. This allows the ion trap to operate satisfactorily while avoiding disadvantages of prior designs that required the anode to have a coaxial part. The new design allows for a shorter overall electrode system length compared to prior bent anode designs.
This document describes a patent for improvements in the production of molds and cores. Specifically, it involves a process where a mixture of sand and gas-hardenable binder is blown into a mold or core box. A gaseous hardening agent is then applied to the mixture as it enters the mold box. This allows the molds and cores to be formed and hardened rapidly. The document provides detailed descriptions of the process and apparatus used, including the use of a venturi tube-shaped orifice in the blowing plate to control where the hardening agent is introduced.
This document describes an apparatus for measuring high rotational speeds ranging from 2500 to 30000 RPM. The apparatus uses a cathode ray oscilloscope connected to an electromagnetic impulse generator attached to the rotating member. This causes the spot on the oscilloscope to move in a circular pattern proportional to the rotational speed. Timing circuits switch the spot on to create a short spiral trace indicating the broad speed range, then off. After a delay, the spot is switched on briefly to create a dot, indicating the precise speed within the range.
This document is a patent application from 1957 relating to locker and cupboard door fastenings. It describes a three-point locking mechanism that locks the door at the top, bottom, and side for increased security. The mechanism includes a lever that projects from the side of the door and upper and lower bolt members connected to the lever that project from the top and bottom when the lever is engaged. One of the bolt members has an abutment that can be locked in place by a lock to secure all three points.
This document describes a lubricant composition for aviation gas turbine engines. The composition includes a blend of dinonyl sebacate and di-2-ethyl hexyl sebacate as the major components. It also includes a complex ester in the amount of 10-30% by volume to increase viscosity and improve high temperature performance. Additionally, it contains an oxygen-containing polymer such as polyacrylate in the amount of 20% by weight to further improve properties.
This document describes a flux composition for soldering metals like aluminum that comprises a zinc chloride complex salt of a pyrazoline hydrohalide and a nitrogen salt component. The flux composition has advantages for production line soldering as it can be used in an inexpensive, non-flammable aqueous solution without hydrolysis or oxide formation issues seen in other fluxes. The document provides details on preparing the complex salt and flux, and examples demonstrating its effectiveness in soldering aluminum.
This document describes improvements to teaching apparatus for elementary arithmetic instruction. The apparatus uses a rigid board with numerical scales and movable counters to teach counting and basic arithmetic operations. Key improvements include omitting or outlining numerical symbols on the scales so students fill them in as they move counters. Counters are also marked with arrows or other symbols to associate direction of movement with addition and subtraction. Having irregular edges on the board conveys the infinite nature of numbers to students.
This document summarizes a patent for an apparatus that stores digital data on a moving magnetic medium. It allows for simultaneously reading stored data from a cell on the magnetic medium and overriding it by writing new data to that same cell. This is accomplished by using timing impulses to select cells for reading and writing, with the reading gate impulse occurring just before the writing gate impulse. This provides time to determine what new data should be written based on the read data and other inputs. The document describes the technical details and diagrams of how this works.
This document describes improvements to methods and apparatuses for filling large collapsible shipping containers. Specifically, it describes pressurizing the container before filling to expand it fully, then filling it while maintaining pressure. This ensures utilization of the container's full capacity. The document provides detailed descriptions and drawings of various apparatuses that can pressurize and fill the container through separate or same openings, including features like telescoping filling tubes and screw conveyors to direct filling material.
This document describes patent GB780026 (A) filed in 1957 regarding improvements to rotary pumps, compressors, and engines. It includes a rotor with blades that form conveyor chambers and an abutment slide that separates the suction and pressure sides. The blades curve forward in the direction of rotation to fully fill the chambers and prevent ejection of the medium. The abutment slide has a cylindrical packing part that follows the sharp blade tips for improved efficiency. The abutment slide is controlled via a crank to match the rotor profile for various applications including high speed operation.
This document describes GB780027 (A), which relates to a new group of compounds called 3-piperidyl ethers and thioethers. These compounds have desirable therapeutic properties, particularly oxytocic activity and selectivity of action upon the in situ uterus without undesirable side effects. The document provides the general chemical formula for these compounds and examples of their synthesis, including by reacting piperidinols with aralkyl halides. Therapeutic uses including preventing or treating postpartum hemorrhage are also described.
This document describes British patent GB780024 (A) for improvements in weighing apparatus. The weighing apparatus uses a weight-carrying platform mounted on a conducting coil located in a magnetic field. Current is passed through the coil to support the platform in a floating position. When a weight is placed on the platform, the current through the coil is increased to restore the position, and the current variations are indicated to show the weight. The apparatus provides a fast response time and can indicate weight as a voltage, making it suitable for automatic control applications.
This document describes a mineral feed supplement for poultry and livestock. The supplement comprises small, solid granular particles containing an intimate admixture of a normally solid wax-like material, a vegetable meal, and one or more trace minerals. This formulation protects fat-soluble vitamins from being detrimentally affected by the trace minerals when included together in feed. Examples are provided of producing various supplements using different wax and mineral sources, and testing their ability to maintain vitamin D stability over time as well as the digestibility of minerals within the formulation. The supplement was found to greatly improve the stability of vitamins when combined with minerals in feed, and minerals within it were shown to be highly digestible.
1. * GB780020 (A)
Description: GB780020 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Improvements in or relating to packaging machines
Description of GB780020 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Packaging Machines
We, LONDON RUBBER COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Hall Lane,
Chingford,
London, E.4, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to packaging machines and, more particularly,
to machines for inserting relatively soft products such as rubber
goods into envelopes.
'The invention, according to one aspect thereof, consists in the
method of inserting relatively soft products such as rubber goods
into envelopes which comprises first inserting an article into a
flattened tube to a position
in which a part of the article projects from one end of the tube,
causing the end of the tube from which the article projects
to enter an envelope to a sufficient extent to place the article
wholly within the envelope, holding the article in the envelope by
means of
a gripping device pressing, through the envelope, on the projecting
part of the article,
and withdrawing the tube whilst the article is so held.
According to another aspect of the inven
tion, a machine for inserting relatively soft products such as rubber
goods into envelopes
comprises a plurality of liattened tubes, means
for inserting an article into each of said tubes
to a position in which a part of the article
projects from one end of the tube, means for
2. supporting and opening envelopes, means for
bringing each tube in turn into alignment with
an open envelope, means for effecting relative
reciprocation of the aligned tube and envelope
to cause the tube to enter and withdraw from
the envelope, and a holding device arranged
so press, through the envelope, on the proliect-
ing part of the article during the withdrawal of
the tube, to retain the article in the envelope.
The flattened tubes may be mounted for
reciprocation on radial arms of a rotatable
spider, the articles being inserted in the tubes and the spider
rotated to bring the filled tubes one by one into alignment with open
envelopes and the envelopes may be positioned about the periphery of a
turntable mounted for rotation about an axis parallel to that of the
spider.
The invention is hereinafter described with' reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine according to the invention;
and
Figure 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in Figure 1.
The essential steps in the operation of the machine according to the
invention are the insertion of the article to be packed into a
flattened tube at a tube loading station, the placing of an envelope
on an envelope carrier at an envelope supply station, the movement of
the flattened tube and envelope into aligned positions at a filling
station, and the transfer of the article from the flattened tube to
the envelope at that station.
Referring to the drawings, the machine comprises a frame 10 in the
lower part of which is mounted, in bearings 11, 12, 13, a horizontal
main shaft 14 adapted to be continuously rotated by power from a
suitable source, such as an electric motor (not shown). A vertical
shaft 15 is driven through intermittent gearing 16 from the shaft 14
so as to make one tenth of a revolution during a part of each
revolution of the main shaft, and to remain stationary during the
remainder of each revolution of the said main shaft. A second vertical
shaft 17 is connected to the shaft 15 by a chain 18 and sprockets, so
that both the shafts 15 and 17 rotate in unison. The shaft 17 carries,
at its upper end, a spider 19 having ten arms each consisting of
parallel rods 21 and 22 in a common radial plane.
On each pair of rods 21, 22 there is mounted a slider 23 carrying a
short, radially outwardly projecting flattened tube 24. Each slider 23
has at its lower end a roller 215, the axis of which is horizontal and
tangential to a circle about the spider axis, and two levers 26 and
3. 217, mounted to oscillate in a common plane including the axis of the
spider, are notched at their upper ends as shown at 28 to receive ithe
rollers 25. The lever 26 extends downwardly below its pivot 29, and
carries at its lower end a cam follower roller 311 urged by a spring
(not shown) against a face cam 32 mounted on the shaft 14. The cam 32
is so positioned in relation to the intermittent gearing 16 that the
lever 26 moves through a complete cycle during each dwell period of
the spider 23. The lever 26 is coupled by a collapsible rigid link 33
to an arm 3!4 fast with the lever 27, the arrangement being such that
the two levers 26 and 27 move simultaneously in opposite directions
the collapsing of the link 33 enabling the lever 2i6 to move
independently of the lever 27 if desired. The dwell positions of the
spider 23 are such that in each of them two of the spider arms are in
the plane of the levers 216 and 27, so that the sliders on those arms
are caused to reciprocate by the movement of the levers.
A third vertical shaft 3.5, driven by intermittent gearing 36 from the
main shaft 14, carries at its upper end! one of a pair of grooved
rollers 37, 38, the other roller being carried by a short vertical
shaft 40 connected to the shaft 3:5 by gearing so that the two rollers
3:7, 3.8 rotate in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows in
Figure 2. The rollers are placed one on each side of the plane in
which the levers 26 and 27 oscillate, and their grooves are at the
same vertical level as the flattened tubes 24.
The shaft 11:5 carries at its upper end a circular turntable 39 about
the periphery of which are formed ten inclined platforms 41 each
adapted to receive an envelope. Holes 42 in each platform are
connected by conduits '43 to a valve device 44 which is in turn
connected to a suction pump or exhauster (not shown) by a conduit 45.
The valve device 44 comprises a body 46 rotating with the turntable
39, and a hollow drum 47 located in a co-axial recess in the body 46
and held against rotation. Only parts of the conduits 43 are shown in
Figure 1, but it will be understood that there is a conduit 43 leading
from the holes 42 in each platform 41 to the body 46 of the valve. The
valve device 44 is arranged to connect each conduit 43 to the pump or
exhauster during a part of each revolution of the turntable, and to
isolate it from the pump or exhauster during the remaining part of the
revolution. At the side of each platform 41 is arranged a vertically
slidable post 48 carrying a rigid conduit 49 bent to such a shape that
one end thereof is vertically above the platform 41, the other end
being connected by a flexible conduit 5il to the valve body 46 Each of
the posts 48 carries at its lower end an arm 52 on which is mounted a
cam follower 53 engaging a fixed annular cam track 54 below the
turntable, the track being so shaped as to allow the post 48 to rise
under the influence of a spring, (not shown) during a portion of each
4. revolution of the turntable.
There is also mounted, adjacent each platform 41 on the turntable 39,
a lever 55 rotatable about a pivot disposed substantially in the plane
of the turntable, the lever having an outwardly extending arm carrying
a finger 56 adapted to be pressed down on to the corresponding
platform 41 so as to grip an envelope and an article disposed in the
enslope between itself and the platform. Only one lever 55 is shown in
Figure 1. The levers 55 are operated at the required time, during the
period for which the corresponding platforms dwell on the line joining
the centres of the spider and turntable, and adjacent to the spider,
by a cam 57 mounted on a vertical rod 58 slidable in guides in the
frame 10, the rod 58 having at its lower end a cam follower 59
engaging a cam 61 on the main shaft 14. The rod 58 is urged downwardly
by a spring 62.
Envelopes are fed on to the platforms 41 at a station diametrically
opposite to that at which the envelopes are filled, the envelopes
being taken one-by-one from a stack carried by a hoist 63. The hoist,
which is shown in chain dotted lines in Figure 1, comprises a
plurality of flights 64 carried by relatively offset sprocket chain
circuits 65 and 66 which are driven continuously or intermittently by
ang suitable means to keep the top of the stack at a substantially
constant level. The envelopes are lifted from the stack by a suction
device 67 mounted on a sliding carriage 68 for movement radially of
the turntable 39, the carriage 68 being moved to and fro on guides 69
by an arm 71 (Figure 2) pivoted at 72 and oscillated by means of a
crank pin 73 carried by a shaft 74 coupled by a universal joint 75 to
another shaft 76 driven through bevel gearing 77 from the main shaft
14 The suction device 67 is controlled by a valve 78 operated by a cam
79 on the shaft 76 to connect the said device to the suction pump or
exhauster at the required Times.
The machine operates in the following manner. The turntable 39 and
spider 19 rotate step-by-step in unison, and at the dwell periods
between steps of movement there are always two spider arms on the line
joining their centres and two platforms 41 with their radial centre
lines on that line. The tube loading station A, envelope filling
station B, and envelope supply station C all lie on the line joining
the centres of the turntable and spider.
As each platform 41 on the turntable 39 dwells at the station C, the
suction device 67 moves inwardly to transfer an envelope to that
platform, suction being applied to the device 67 during such inward
movement, and cut off at the end of the inward movement to release the
envelope. As the platform 41 approaches the station C the tube 49 is
lifted away from the turntable to avoid interference with the suction
device 67, and suction is applied to the conduit 43 to hold the
5. envelope on the platform. At the same time as an envelope is deposited
on the platform 41 at the envelope supply station C, an article to be
packed is delivered by the rollers 37, 38 into a flattened tube 24 at
the tube loading station A, the articles being brought to that station
by any suitable form of conveyor which leads them into the pass
between the rollers. .The articles are compressed laterally by the
rollers so that the latter grip the articles and push them into the
tubes, leaving a part of each article projecting. As explained above,
the sliders 23 at the tube loading station A and at the envelope
filling station
B have their rollers 25 in engagement with the levers 26 and 27,
respectively, the cam 32 being so arranged in relation to the
intermittent drive 116 that, when a pair of spider arms approach those
stations, the levers 26 and 27 have their upper ends in their inward
positions (shown in chain dotted lines in Figure
1), so that, the sliders 23 being in their radially inner positions,
the rollers 25 enter the notches 218 in the levers The levers then
move outwardly and inwardly. the outward movement being timed so that
it terminates just as an article is being fed between the rollers 37,
38.
As the spider and turntable rotate, each tube 24 receives an article
at the station A and each platform 41 receives an envelope at the
station C, so that when a tube 24 and a platform 41 come into
alignment at the envelope filling station B, the article in the tube
can be inserted' in the envelope. As the platform 41 approaches the
station B suction is applied to the appropriate tube 49 to open the
envelope, and whilst the turntable and spiders are stationary, the
tube 24 moves into and out of the envelope, the lever 55 being
operated at the end of the inward movement to bring the linger 56 down
on to the envelope, thus gripping the part of the article projecting
from the tube and holding the article in the envelope whilst the tube
is withdrawn. when the platform 41 reaches a subsequent station the
suction is cut off from the tube 43 and the filled envelope is
removed.
A source of light and a photo-electric cell are preferably arranged at
the station B in such a way that the light is directed on to the cell
through a hole in the platform, which hole is obstructed if there is
an envelope in position on the platform. The current produced in the
cell by light falling thereon energises a relay which in turn
energises an electro-magnet 81 on the collapsible link 33 to collapse
the link and so prevent operation of the lever 27, thus preventing an
article from being deposited on an empty platform.
Energisation of the photo-electric cell also sets in operation
mechanism which, when the tube 43 which has retained its article again
6. reaches the tube loading station A, projects a pin into the pass
between' the rollers to prevent another article from being fed into
the tube. .Such mechanism may comprise, for example, a relay closed by
the energisation of the photo-electric cell and having contacts in a
circuit which includes an electro-magnet operating to move a suitable
positioned ramp rotating with the spider into a position to lift the
pin. The electrical circuits is preferably so arranged that, if two
successive platforms are empty, so that the photo-electric cell
produces 'two successive current impulses, the machine is stopped.
It will be understood that more than one loading station and more than
one delivery station may be provided, and that the flattened tubes or
the envelopes, or bioth, may be sup ported by moving carriers other
than the rotatable carriers described. iFor example, they may be
mounted on endless bands.
The machine according to the invention is particularly suitable for
the insertion into envelopes of articles having a flexible flap, teat
or the like which would tend to trail rearwardly as the article was
inserted in an envelope and might be deformed or damaged when the
envelope was closed, since the flap or the like assumes its trailing
position when the article enters the tube, and thus is presented
forwardly to the envelope.
What we claim is:
1. The method of inserting relatively soft products such as rubber
goods into envelopes which comprises first inserting an article into a
flattened tube to a position in which a part of the article projects
from one end of the tube, causing the end of the tube- from which the
article projects to enter an envelope to a sufficient extent to place
the article wholly within the envelope, holding the article in the
envelope by means of a gripping device pressing, through the envelope,
on the projecting part of the article, and withdrawing the tube whilst
the article is so held.
2. A machine for inserting relatively soft products such as rubber
goods into envelopes which comprises a plurality of flattened tubes,
means for inserting an article into each of said tubes to a position
in which a part of the article projects from one end of the tube,
means for supporting and opening envelopes, means for bringing each
tube in turn into alignment with an open envelope, means for effecting
relative reciprocation of the aligned tube and envelope to cause the
tube to enter and withdraw from the envelope, and a holding device
arranged to press, through the enenvelope, on the projecting part of
the article during the withdrawal of the tube, to retain the article
in the envelope.