The document discusses various security measures to overcome computer security risks, including anti-virus software, anti-spyware, firewalls, data backup, and cryptography. It also emphasizes the importance of human awareness in computer security. Specific security measures are defined, such as firewalls protecting networks from intrusion, data backup creating copies of files for recovery, and cryptography encrypting data to ensure only authorized users can read messages. Overall the document provides an overview of technical and human-focused approaches to enhancing computer security.

1. 4.0 COMPUTER ETHICS
AND SECURITY
4.2 Computer Security
4.2.2 Security Measures

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
 Identify different ways to overcome
security risks.
2

3. Security Measures
Anti-virus Anti-spyware
Cryptography Firewall
Data Security Human
backup Measures aspect:
awareness

4. 1.Anti-virus
A software use to protect computers against
viruses by identifying and removing any
computer virus found in memory, on storage
media, or in incoming files.
Example:
• McAfee VirusScan
• Norton AntiVirus
• AVG Anti-Virus
• avast! Antivirus
Most anti-virus program also protect against
other malware.

5. 2.Anti-spyware
Programs that detect and deletes spyware
Example :
 Ad-Aware
 Spy Sweeper
 Windows Defender

6. 3.Firewall
• A firewall is hardware and/or software that
protects a network’s resources from intrusion
Hardware firewall is a built-in feature in routers
that prevents unauthorized users from accessing
files and computers in a network.

7. Firewall

8. Firewall

9. 4. Data backup
• A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk
that can be used if the original is lost, damaged,
or destroyed
– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
• Offsite backups are stored in a location separate
from the computer site Cloud
Storage

10. Data backup
• Two categories of • In the case of system
backups: failure, you can
– Full backup – copies restore the file by
all the files in the copying the backed
computer up files to their
– Selective backup – original location on
choose which folder the computer.
and files to include in
backup

11. 5.Cryptography
The art of protecting information by transforming
it (encrypting it) into an unreadable format
Technology of encoding information so it can
only be read by authorized individuals
Encryption
Process of converting readable data into unreadable
characters to prevent unauthorized access.
Decryption
Process to decode encrypted data

12. Cryptography

13. Cryptography
How ?
To read the data, you must decrypt it into readable
form.
The unencrypted data is called plain text.
The encrypted data is called cipher text.
To encrypt, plain text converted into cipher text using
an encryption key.
Importance ?
The process of proving one's identity.
Ensuring that no one can read the message except the
intended receiver.

14. 6.Human Aspects: Awareness
 Expose employees or staff to computer
security
 Make a routine check to update from
new virus, worm or other malicious
threat.
 Proper handling of computer and
information

15. Computer Security a
Computer Security Risk Security Measure
Internet and network attack Anti-virus
Anti-spyware
Firewall
Human Aspect-Awareness
Unauthorized access and use Firewall
Human Aspect-Awareness
Hardware theft Data backup
Human Aspect-Awareness
Software theft Data backup
Human Aspect-Awareness
Information theft Data backup
Cryptography
Human Aspect-Awareness
System failure Data backup
Human Aspect-Awareness