Acting as a technical analysis lead for the Metro Vancouver Mobility Pricing Independent Commission, WSP experts studied the use of congestion charging and mobility pricing for the Metro Vancouver Regional District.
An eight-month study ensued and resulted in a crucial set of data categorized by geography, time of day, and pricing level. The goals of the study remained: reducing congestion, generating additional revenue for the governing body, and promoting fairness.
Once you view the presentation, see WSP.com for additional information, including the Metro Vancouver Mobility Study and full Congestion Charging Report:
https://www.wsp.com/en-CA/insights/ca-four-reasons-why-cities-should-consider-congestion-charging
Container Terminal Development on the Continent: Africa PerspectiveWSP
During this workshop, delivered at the African Ports and Rail Evolution 2018 forum, WSP led a discussion on port and the container business in Africa.
The two main topics were:
- Development that should be considered with procurement in mind
- Planning of container terminal to inform decision-making.
Discussion featured PRIME, the WSP Terminal Planning Tool.
WSP uses PRIME for individual marine and rail terminals as well as entire port complexes.
PRIME includes site and model components for container, break/neo-bulk, dry bulk, liquid bulk, and RO/RO facilities. Custom program code transfers all attributes of the plan directly to Microsoft Excel, where a sophisticated model is ready to estimate capacity, equipment needs, equipment usage, operating expense, capital expense, cash flow, and environmental measures. This tight linkage between the plan and the analysis model means the planner can make site changes and instantly see the effect across the full range of impacts.
From PRIME Model:
Client was provided a comprehensive, robust view of:
—What the terminal should look like
—How we get from current state to final state
—How much time it will take to convert
—How much it is going to cost over time
—How construction will disrupt capacity
—How development will affect cash flow
—How much the operating costs will improve
—How capital and operating costs are intertwined
Client was able to:
—Craft a sensible bid
—Make a well-supported case to bankers and financiers
—Put a well prepared feasible solution to market
Presentation given on 28 November 2013 at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) www.its.leeds.ac.uk
By James Bennett from METRO www.wymetro.com
Covering the importance of Smartcards from the customer viewpoint, implementation, issues arising from implementation and the benefits associated with implementation.
Urban transport networks are gradually making the switch to electric vehicles, which raises the question of charging. Charging one bus is easy. But what about charging 20, or 50, or 200? The Cway bus fleet charging system has been designed to meet this need.
www.mobility-way.com
Container Terminal Development on the Continent: Africa PerspectiveWSP
During this workshop, delivered at the African Ports and Rail Evolution 2018 forum, WSP led a discussion on port and the container business in Africa.
The two main topics were:
- Development that should be considered with procurement in mind
- Planning of container terminal to inform decision-making.
Discussion featured PRIME, the WSP Terminal Planning Tool.
WSP uses PRIME for individual marine and rail terminals as well as entire port complexes.
PRIME includes site and model components for container, break/neo-bulk, dry bulk, liquid bulk, and RO/RO facilities. Custom program code transfers all attributes of the plan directly to Microsoft Excel, where a sophisticated model is ready to estimate capacity, equipment needs, equipment usage, operating expense, capital expense, cash flow, and environmental measures. This tight linkage between the plan and the analysis model means the planner can make site changes and instantly see the effect across the full range of impacts.
From PRIME Model:
Client was provided a comprehensive, robust view of:
—What the terminal should look like
—How we get from current state to final state
—How much time it will take to convert
—How much it is going to cost over time
—How construction will disrupt capacity
—How development will affect cash flow
—How much the operating costs will improve
—How capital and operating costs are intertwined
Client was able to:
—Craft a sensible bid
—Make a well-supported case to bankers and financiers
—Put a well prepared feasible solution to market
Presentation given on 28 November 2013 at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) www.its.leeds.ac.uk
By James Bennett from METRO www.wymetro.com
Covering the importance of Smartcards from the customer viewpoint, implementation, issues arising from implementation and the benefits associated with implementation.
Urban transport networks are gradually making the switch to electric vehicles, which raises the question of charging. Charging one bus is easy. But what about charging 20, or 50, or 200? The Cway bus fleet charging system has been designed to meet this need.
www.mobility-way.com
Requirements for Geospatial Agent Simulation to Strengthen the 'Property-Powe...VisionGEOMATIQUE2014
This session illustrates how geospatial attributes of payments data can be used in applied geographical economics, both micro and macro. The micro-economic example involves positioning of railway stations in the « Property-Powered Rail Open Development Model. The macro-economic example involves re-purposing trade data on currency of settlement to create the « Earth Reserve Index », a weighting system to employ biophysical indicators such as infrared reflectivity, in price benchmarking.
A presentation of the Electric Roads Program for Heavy Vehicles in the Swedish Transport Administration, and the study on the introduction of E--buses in Sweden
Integrated Assurance and Audit at Crossrail, Robert Kemp, APM Assurance Specific Interest Group, Integrated Assurance - how to achieve it real organisations conference
BMT brings leading-edge consultancy, engineering, maintenance, forecasting and planning expertise to clients in the road, rail, water, intermodal and airborne transport sectors.
Presentation by Professor Mark Wardman delivered to an International Transport Workshop: Railway Transport Economics organised by Argentine Railways, June 2014.
Presentation by Tom Worsley, Visiting Research Fellow, delivered as part of the annual series of Beesley lectures, organised by the Institute of Economic Affairs at the Institute of Directors in London.
This presentation introduces readers to airline industry's two most common networks. It also compares the features of the two and highlights scenarios when one may be more profitable than the other.
On 9 October 2019, a webinar on the Fundamental Elements Call “Enhanced GNSS Receiver/User Terminal” was held to provide applicants with additional details on the proposal preparation.
Transport has a major impact on the quality of life in a city, its environment and the economy. Transport Authorities globally are facing similar strategic challenges around worsening congestion, insufficient transport infrastructure, affordability constraints, increasing emissions and growing customer needs...
Advancing Sustainable User-centric Mobility with Automated Vehicles.
How can we reach a sustainable deployment of fully autonomous vehicles for shared public transportation? what are the economic and technical barriers?
Requirements for Geospatial Agent Simulation to Strengthen the 'Property-Powe...VisionGEOMATIQUE2014
This session illustrates how geospatial attributes of payments data can be used in applied geographical economics, both micro and macro. The micro-economic example involves positioning of railway stations in the « Property-Powered Rail Open Development Model. The macro-economic example involves re-purposing trade data on currency of settlement to create the « Earth Reserve Index », a weighting system to employ biophysical indicators such as infrared reflectivity, in price benchmarking.
A presentation of the Electric Roads Program for Heavy Vehicles in the Swedish Transport Administration, and the study on the introduction of E--buses in Sweden
Integrated Assurance and Audit at Crossrail, Robert Kemp, APM Assurance Specific Interest Group, Integrated Assurance - how to achieve it real organisations conference
BMT brings leading-edge consultancy, engineering, maintenance, forecasting and planning expertise to clients in the road, rail, water, intermodal and airborne transport sectors.
Presentation by Professor Mark Wardman delivered to an International Transport Workshop: Railway Transport Economics organised by Argentine Railways, June 2014.
Presentation by Tom Worsley, Visiting Research Fellow, delivered as part of the annual series of Beesley lectures, organised by the Institute of Economic Affairs at the Institute of Directors in London.
This presentation introduces readers to airline industry's two most common networks. It also compares the features of the two and highlights scenarios when one may be more profitable than the other.
On 9 October 2019, a webinar on the Fundamental Elements Call “Enhanced GNSS Receiver/User Terminal” was held to provide applicants with additional details on the proposal preparation.
Transport has a major impact on the quality of life in a city, its environment and the economy. Transport Authorities globally are facing similar strategic challenges around worsening congestion, insufficient transport infrastructure, affordability constraints, increasing emissions and growing customer needs...
Advancing Sustainable User-centric Mobility with Automated Vehicles.
How can we reach a sustainable deployment of fully autonomous vehicles for shared public transportation? what are the economic and technical barriers?
Ppp for solving public transport woes in indiaAmit Jain
The public transport in most of the cities are dependent on buses, auto rikshaws, cycle rikshaws which are not able to meet the demand, prone to accidents, delays & traffic jams. The cities need to create an efficient and affordable public transport services. The private sector may be invited through PPP to develop an integrated public transport system in a city. The private sector may charge an appropriate user fee (fare) from the users and earn revenue from commercial activities like advertising, renting & leasing of commercial spaces etc to cover his capital and recurring cost.
Case Studies in Managing Traffic in a Developing Country with Privacy-Preserv...Biplav Srivastava
Simulation is known to be an effective technique to understand
and manage traffic in cities of developed countries. However, in developing countries, traffic management is lacking due to a wide diversity of vehicles on the road, their chaotic movement, little instrumentation to sense traffic state and limited funds to create IT and physical infrastructure to ameliorate the situation. Under these conditions, in this paper, we present our approach of using the Megaffic traffic simulator as a service to gain actionable insights for two use-cases and cities in India, a first. Our approach is general to be readily used in other use cases and cities; and our results give new insights: (a) using demographics data, traffic demand can be reduced if timings of government offices are altered in Delhi, (b) using a mobile company’s Call
Data Record (CDR) data to mine trajectories anonymously,
one can take effective traffic actions while organizing events
in Mumbai at local scale.
Justin jenk theory and practice taxi wars uber_ raktas_case study_march 2015jjenk
This document provides a synthetic assessment of the strategies and action of the leading players in the mobile app taxi/rideshare/hailing segment, part of the larger taxi industry – city based and regulated. The contents of this thought paper reflect the work Raktas has provided to relevant decision-makers in the industry.
A presentation by Jack van der Merwe (Chief Executive Officer: Gautrain Management Agency), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Cost Effective Public Transport Management Systems" on 12 May 2016 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme of the presentation was: "Is profitable public transport possible?"
Vision on Smart Urban Mobility given during the AITPM conference in Sydney. Talk was about key elements needed to provide the urban transportation system for the future. See http://www.aitpm.com.au/Conference/Program/conference-home for the conference details.
Istanbul IETT Professional Development Workshop, #2 of 6_Transit PlanningVTPI
Istanbul IETT Professional Development Workshop, #2 of 6, Transit Planning
Presenter: Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute
Assistant: Aysha Cohen, UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies Scholar
Presentation Date: June 14, 2015
Frederic Bruneteau highlights the importance of two catalysts for a large VAS market to emerge:
- Interoperability between toll networks and systems, which is necessary to create a level playing field for developers,
- The almost certain emergence of smartphones as a payment system for tolling.
Presented by Ian Chadney, Head of Maritime –WSP Middle East, at the16th Trans Middle East Exhibition and Conference - Kuwait 2019
Section/Content:
1 Introduction – Global Shipping
2 Gulf Regional Market
3 Gulf Regional Summary
4 Gulf Port Overview + Developments
5 Gulf Container Volume Demand
6 Regional Demand Overview
7 Market Outlook
8 Conclusions - Specific opportunities
The Role of Airports in Addressing Carbon TargetsWSP
Andrew Marsh-Patrick co-presented with Manchester Airport’s Environment Advisor, Adam Freedman at the Passenger Terminal Expo and Conference 2017. They explained the role of airports in achieving COP21 climate change targets.
Andrew Marsh-Patrick is part of WSP's team acting as administrator for the ACI’s Airport Carbon Accreditation program, which has certified more than 170 airports around the world.
Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas: Charting the Path to PlatinumWSP
Presentation on achieving LEED Platinum for Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas delivered by Nolan Rome, Senior Vice President, WSP+ccrd on 28th June 2016 at the European Healthcare Design 2016 conference.
Presentation delivered by Matthew Bilson, Senior Tunnel Ventilation Engineer, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff in the USA, on March 22, 2016 at the Society of Fire Protection Engineer’s Technical Seminar Day held at Fire Department of New York’s Metro Tech location.
Why Pressurized Exits for Transportation Tunnels May Not Make SenseWSP
Presentation delivered by Kenneth J. Harris and Bob Melvin from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff in the USA, on March 17, 2016 at the 7th International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (ISTSS) held in Montreal, Canada.
Energy Budget in Tunnel Fires – FFFS ConsiderationsWSP
Presentation delivered by Matthew Bilson and Katie McQuade from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff in the USA, on March 16, 2016 at the 7th International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (ISTSS) held in Montreal, Canada.
European Energy-Efficiency Policy and How to Make It Work for YouWSP
Presentation delivered by Andrew Marsh-Patrick, Associate Director, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff and Andrew Dutton, Head of Environment, Liverpool John Lennon Airport on March 15, 2016 at the Passenger Terminal Expo and Conference in Cologne, Germany.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Transit Signalisation Priority (TSP) - A New Approach to Calculate GainsWSP
Presentation by François Bélisle, Eng. , B.Sc., M.A. and Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Presentation delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30, during the session entitled Goods Movement - Reaching Destinations Safely and Efficiently.
Prepared by
François Bélisle, Eng., B. Sc., M.A.
Marilyne Brosseau, Eng., M.Eng.
Steve Careau, Eng.
Philippe Mytofir, techn.
Validated by:
Stephan Kellner, Eng., M.Eng.
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation ModelsWSP
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation Models is a presentation delivered by François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc., WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Laurent Gauthier, Polytechnique Montréal and Nicolas Saunier, Polytechnique Montréal at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Interaction between station openings and environmental control systemsWSP
Chris Graham, Carlos Mesa and Mark Gilbey presented at the ISAVFT 2015 - Symposium on Aerodynamics, Ventilation and Fire in Tunnels, held in Seattle, US on September 15-17, 2015.
Acceptability of air velocity from a human thermal comfort and safety perspec...WSP
Matthew Legg and Mark Gilbey from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff in the UK presented at the ISAVFT 2015 - Symposium on Aerodynamics, Ventilation and Fire in Tunnels, held in Seattle on September 15-17, 2015.
How will driverless vehicles impact urban living and daily commutes? How should governments get involved?
Lauren Isaac, Manager of Sustainable Transportation at WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff in the US, is dedicated to improving mobility around our cities. She blogs about automated vehicles and driverless cars and is doing research on what should be the role of governments.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc. discuss transit signal priority impacts on intersection efficiency and safety for all users.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS, and Eric Dessureault, Eng. from WSP in Canada present innovations and best practices for accessible pedestrian signals (APS). They discuss issues, challenges and solutions.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Halogenation process of chemical process industries
Mobility Pricing: How to Harness Mobility Pricing to Reduce Congestion, Promote Fairness, and Support Investment in Transportation
1. Mobility Pricing:
How to Harness Mobility Pricing to Reduce Congestion, Promote
Fairness, and Support Investment in Transportation
Adrian Lightstone, Principal Consultant
Preeya Shah, Consultant
WSP Canada Inc.
2. What?
• 23 municipalities in Metro
Vancouver, British
Columbia
• Independent Commission
established to evaluate
regional mobility pricing
• Final Commission report
published on May 24, 2018
3. Why?
• Metro Vancouver
population is
growing rapidly
• Traffic congestion
is threatening
growth and
productivity
• Traffic hot spots are
occurring
throughout the
region
• Technological
change is occurring
4. How?
• Project included modelling and analysis of pricing
scenarios as well as a series of public engagement
activities to understand public concerns
• Focus has been on the following principles…
5. How does
mobility
pricing work?
5
Why not solve congestion by adding capacity?
“Congestion? Build more roads!”
— Costs for new road infrastructure capacity increases non-
linearly in high-density areas
— Growing cities need to accommodate for travel growth,
but cars are not the most efficient mechanism
— Induced demand means we can’t build our way out!
6. Travel time:
We cannot make capacity match demand…
… so let’s make demand match capacity through
efficient pricing
10 minutes
16 minutes
46 minutes
All vehicles are charged in de-congestion charging, but the objective is that the
only the last 3 (green) cars choose not to drive.
How does
mobility
pricing work?
6
7. 7
How do you incentivize people out of their cars?
Economic
theory
8. 8
- Drivers only consider their
Marginal Private Cost – fuel,
vehicle operating, insurance,
travel time
- Marginal Social Cost accounts
for the burden each driver
imposes on society in terms of
congestion delay and other
externalities
- A socially optimal Congestion
Charge is priced as the
difference between the
Marginal Private Cost and
Marginal Social Cost
Marginal social cost pricing
Economic
theory
9. 9
Mobility pricing typologies
— Point Charges: where vehicles are charged when
passing a specific location or using a facility such
as a bridge or tunnel
— Corridor Charges: charging for the use of a
specific section of road or link in a road network
— Cordon Pricing (Toll Rings): charge points
established at entries/exits to an area. These
charges may vary by vehicle size, pollution, or
time of day.
— Area Licensing: charging a fee for using all roads
within a specific area. Fees can be charged daily
or on a longer basis and may be stricter by only
allowing residents’ vehicles or vehicles with a
given environmental performance.
— Network Charging Systems: charging vehicles for
using roads within a specific area. The charge can
be based on distance travelled, time of the trip,
or duration of the trip.
— (Also: Parking charges can be used as a policy
instrument that may have similar effects to Area
licensing)
Design
options
14. Equity and
fairness
14
Equity and fairness concepts
Equity: How evenly are costs and/or benefits distributed?
Vertical equity: Distribution between various income groups
Horizontal equity: Distribution in other dimensions: gender,
geography, modes of transport
Fairness: Perceptions of fairness are individual, and not everyone
agrees on which properties of a policy make it fair (or unfair)…but
transfers can help make things fairer
17. Acceptance
issues
17
— Low political and public acceptance before introduction
— Acceptance increases after implementation
— Partly because they see the direct benefits (less congestion)
— But mostly because they see less disbenefits than they feared
Public acceptance
Place Before After
Stockholm 21% 67%
Bergen 19% 58%
Oslo 30% 41%
Trondheim 9% 47%
London 39% 54%
20. Final
thoughts
20
What did we learn?
— Every city is different and there is
no one-size fits all solution
— Detailed analysis can be done
quickly with some basic tools and
iterative process
— It’s not possible to maximize all
design objectives
— However, it’s possible to develop
solutions which generate large net
economic benefits and can be
used to correct equity imbalances
Singapore
ERP
Central London
Congestion
Charge
Stockholm
Congestion Tax
Gothenburg
Congestion Tax
22. Cases
Singapore
ERP
Location Singapore
Policy Congestion Charge
Pricing framework Point charges, varied by time of day
and location
Technology RFID
Implementation year 1998
Effectontraffic&
environment
Traffic volume -44% after ALS, -10% to -15% after ERP
compared to ALS, -20% to -30% for other
extensions of the system
Travel times Speed criteria charge levels between 20-30 kph
and 45-65 kph
Environment n.a.
Economicimpact
Investment
cost
250 million CAD (including 68,000 tags)
Operating cost 16 million CAD/year (20%-30% of revenues)
Revenue 200 million CAD/year
CBA 63 million CAD/ year
23. Cases
Central
London
Congestion
Charge
Location London, United Kingdom
Policy Congestion Charge
Pricing framework Point charges with variable pricing
Technology ANPR
Implementation year 2003
Effectontraffic&
environment
Traffic volume -16% (all vehicles entering the zone), -30%
chargeable vehicles, +25% busses, +13% taxis,
+49% bicycle
-21% (2002-2008)
Travel times - 30 % delays
Environment CO2 -16,4%, NOx -13,4 %, PM10 -15.5% within the
zone
Economicimpact
Investment
cost
300 million CAD
Operating cost 170 million CAD/year, in recent years 85 million
CAD/year
Revenue 440 million CAD/year (in 2014)
CBA 140-190 million CAD/year
24. Cases
Stockholm
Congestion
tax
Location Stockholm, Sweden
Policy Congestion Charge
Pricing framework Point charges with variable pricing
Technology ANPR
Implementation year 2007 (following a trial)
Effecton
traffic&
environment
Traffic volume -20% (across the cordon)
Travel times -33 % delays
Environment CO2 -13%, NOx -8 %, PM10 -13% within the zone
Economicimpact
Investment
cost
270 million CAD
Operating cost 25 million CAD/year (in 2016)
Revenue 150 million CAD/year (in 2016)
CBA 100 million CAD/year
Editor's Notes
WSP is the technical analysis lead for the Metro Vancouver Mobility Pricing Independent Commission and has been conducting research into the use of congestion charging in large metropolitan areas. Over the course of this eight month study, insights were gained into the use of congestion charging to regulate traffic demand and reduce congestion in large cities around the world.
One million more residents by 2040
Multiple urban centres are shaping the region
WSP is the technical analysis lead for the Metro Vancouver Mobility Pricing Independent Commission and has been conducting research into the use of congestion charging in large metropolitan areas. Over the course of this eight month study, insights were gained into the use of congestion charging to regulate traffic demand and reduce congestion in large cities around the world.
Growing cities need to accommodate for travel growth while understanding that cars are not the most efficient mechanism
As cities grow, they will typically require large investments in new/improved Transport Infrastructure.
However, the current price for travel does not match the real costs. Therefore, current transport volumes represent a “demand on steroids”, which does not give a relevant indication how much infrastructure is “required” to meet the “demands”
As long as prices are too low, only capacity constraints will hold back growth in traffic numbers .
Induced demand
In large cities, travel impedance, rather than supply of attractive travel destinations, will set constraints for intra-regional travel demand
When demand is supressed by capacity constraints, there is typically a hidden, large, “dam” of potential demand (steep demand curve)
Therefore, if capacity constraints are relieved, most often a new, almost equally congested equilibrium will be established
“Building new road capacity to alleviate congestion is like loosening your belt to cure obesity”
The effects of improved transit is similar: It will attract some car drivers off the road, and relieve some of the pressure on road capacity. However, induced demand is likely to fill that gap.
(NB: Improving transit will improve overall accessibility, even if congestion does not decrease!)
The principle of marginal social cost pricing is displayed graphically on the right. The vertical axis represents the travel costs (CAD) while the horizontal axis represents the traffic volume (vehicles/hour).
The demand for traffic increases when costs decrease and vice versa. This relation is shown by the demand curve.
For individual travellers the travel costs can be interpreted as the sum of all costs, such as travel time, fuel costs, parking, etc. As more travellers enter the system and increase the traffic volumes, the travel costs will increase, since travel time increases. Therefore the cost for a traveller (marginal private cost) is also depending on the overall traffic volume. Where the demand and the cost curves intersect, the untolled equilibrium is reached. That equilibrium is to some degree a stable traffic situation that is normally planned for, yet with day to day and seasonal variation.
However, marginal private costs faced by travellers do not give a true figure of the real costs for the society, as it does not take into account, that drivers impose costs on others. When taking the external costs into account, the experienced travel costs will be higher and increase more rapidly as traffic volumes increase. The marginal social cost curve includes these external costs and indicates the cost that each extra vehicle will impose on itself and on the system. Therefore the curve intersects with the demand curve already at a lower traffic volume.
The new equilibrium where people would take all costs into account in their travel choices, would result in a lower overall demand and can be achieved by introducing a charge equal to the difference in travel costs from the untolled equilibrium and the societal optimal equilibrium (objective). The objective of congestion charging in its purest economic form is to increase the travel costs from the level of un-tolled equilibrium to the point of optimal equilibrium by impose a charge.
Principle of marginal social cost pricing is displayed graphically
Demand for traffic increases when costs decrease and vice versa
For individual travellers, the travel costs can be interpreted as the sum of all costs, such as travel time, fuel costs, parking, etc
The demand and the cost curves intersect at the un-tolled equilibrium
Marginal private costs faced by travellers do not give a true figure of the real costs for the society, as it does not take into account, that drivers impose costs on others.
The marginal social cost curve includes these external costs and indicates the cost each extra vehicle will impose on itself and on the system.
The new equilibrium, where people would take all costs into account in their travel choices, would result in a lower overall demand and can be achieved by introducing a charge equal to the difference in travel costs from the un-tolled equilibrium and the societal optimal equilibrium (objective).
Mobility pricing has multiple components, but our study has focused on congestion charging options.