This document summarizes carbon management approaches for airports and case studies on Manchester Airport's progress in addressing carbon targets. It discusses international carbon policies affecting airports, carbon trading and pricing mechanisms, and the Airport Carbon Accreditation scheme. It provides details on Manchester Airport's commitment to carbon neutrality, achievements in reducing emissions, and strategies for engaging stakeholders and unlocking future opportunities in renewable energy and low-carbon technologies.

1. Andrew Marsh-Patrick
Associate Director - Energy
Adam Freeman
Environment Advisor

2. The Role of Airports in Addressing Carbon Targets
3. Case Studies and Progress at Manchester
Airport
2. Carbon Management Approaches for Airports
1. International Carbon Policies Affecting
Airports

3. About WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff
Over the past 75 years we have delivered more than 1,500 aviation projects, at more than 600 national
and international airports, in some 40 countries worldwide.

4. 30 years of international carbon policy progression
• Carbon policies create regulatory, reputational and cost pressures
• Risk and opportunities for airport operators
• Link with action by airlines and the wider value chain

5. Carbon trading and pricing
• Carbon markets now cover 16% of global emissions ($50 Bn/yr market av. $7/tCO2)
• Carbon pricing adds 10-50% to energy prices (and rising)
• Traded prices currently 5-10 times lower than social cost of carbon
• Consider off-balance-sheet value of carbon (half of CDP companies do this)
• Factor future carbon value scenarios into investment decisions (UNGC $100/tCO2)
National andregional
carbontradingschemes
Carbonpricing
EU ETS
Progressionof carbontrading

6. Airport Carbon Accreditation Scheme (24.4 million tCO2 in 2015)
63.7% of traffic
24.1% of traffic
2.5% of traffic
18.2% of traffic
2.5% of traffic
Framework to reduce airport carbon emissions - start with own operations, then expand to value chain.

7. Global Airport Carbon Emissions (estimated at 75 million tCO2/year)
• Worldwide flights average carbon emissions 218.8 kgCO2/pax (2015 data)
• Airport related activity total carbon emissions 21.0 kgCO2/pax (ACA 2015 data)
• Airport own Scope 1&2 carbon emissions 2.1 kgCO2/pax (control 10% of total)
• Airport Scope 3 supply chain emissions 19.0 kgCO2/pax (influence 90% of total)
• Most economic investment to save carbon? 10-50 €/tCO2
• Airport Scope 3 emission sources include:
aircraft landing and take-off cycle (~40% of kgCO2/pax)
surface access for passengers and staff (~35%)
staff business travel emissions (~1%)
optional wider value chain emissions (~15%)
ACA Airport Carbon EmissionsData
Zone of Wider
Collaboration
Zone of
Influence
Zone of
Direct
Control

8. Integrated Approach to Carbon Reduction Opportunities
1. Influence - aircraft carbon emissions
• Optimisation of aircraft landing and take-off cycles (link with ICAO targets)
• Aircraft use fixed ground power and pre-conditioned air systems on stand
2. Influence - surface access carbon emissions
• Integration with public transport hubs
• Passenger car and taxi electric vehicle charging points
• Passenger smartphone apps and carbon incentives
3. Control - terminal energy use
• Intelligent HVAC and lighting occupancy control on gates
• Baggage handling optimisation
• LED lighting of runway, apron, car parks and terminal buildings
• All-electric vehicle fleet and charging infrastructure
4. Control - energy source carbon emissions
• Electricity sourcing – grid versus CHP, renewables or green tariff
• Energy storage – rapidly maturing battery technologies
• Heating and cooling – air/water/ground source heat pumps, biofuels, deep geothermal
ICAO aviation CO2 targets

9. Low-Carbon Technology Developments
Traditional technologies
• Heating with gas boilers
• Cooling with electric chillers
• Fluorescent lighting
• Diesel vehicles
Forecast for 2030
• Heat pumps for heating/cooling
• 100% renewable electricity with storage
• All LED Lighting
• All electric vehicles
Cost
Regulation
Reputation
Emerging technologies - mature by 2030

10. ABOUT MANCHESTER AIRPORT
• 26 million passengers in 2016
• UK’s 3rd largest airport, biggest outside London
• 70+ airlines & 200+ destinations
• 2 runways, with potential 62% spare capacity
• 22m people within 2 hours
Economic: 35.5%
Voting: 50%
Economic: 35.5%
Voting: 50%
Economic: 29%

11. OUR COMMITMENT
• UK Climate Change Act:
80% emission reduction 1990-2050
• Greater Manchester Combined Authority:
48% emission reduction 1990-2020
• Manchester Airport:
Carbon neutrality by 2015
“We will continue to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide
(CO2). Our aim is for the site to be carbon neutral for energy
use and vehicle fuel by 2015.”
Manchester Airport Environment Plan, 2007

12. ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY
• Bournemouth and East Midlands Airports since 2012/13
• Manchester Airport from 2015/16
• Emissions reduced from 72,000 tonnes CO2e in 2006 to zero in 2016
• Invested £7.5m in energy efficiency projects
• Installed more than 25,000 LED lights
• Reduced total site-wide electricity and gas use by 56% since 1995
• All electricity from renewable sources
• Compensate for residual emissions through carbon offsets

13. CASE STUDY: REDUCING TERMINAL EMISSIONS
1. Reviewing the operational needs
Lighting standards – what is the actual need?
2. Introducing efficient, future proof, technology (992 tCO2)
Installing ultra-efficient technology
Mandating open protocol
Considering the complete asset lifecycle cost
3. Removing human factors, making the most of technology (335 tCO2)
Automated control and asset condition monitoring
Introducing presence and lux detection
4. Adding the ‘Manchester touch’ (734 tCO2)
Using live flight information to maximise the benefit
5. Unlocking the potential (4,400 tCO2)
Expanding the scope to heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Rolling out the concept site-wide and across M.A.G.
Total emission saving: (6,461 tCO2)

14. CASE STUDY: REDUCING TERMINAL EMISSIONS
6. Generating secure low-carbon energy
Convincing, solid, business cases
Overcoming the barriers
7. Purchasing renewable energy
Supporting the renewable energy industry
Long-term commitment
8. Maximising the benefit of carbon offsets
Sourcing independently verified offsets
Linking offset projects to our business strategy
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
kgCO2e/kWh
Renewableelec.
% Renewable UK Grid Factor M.A.G. Factor

15. BEYOND OUR OWN EMISSIONS
• Just 9% of gross carbon footprint is
within our direct control
1.8kg per passenger/100kg cargo
10% ACA average (2kg per passenger)
• Carbon neutrality reduces our net
emissions to zero
Places even more emphasis on indirect
emissions!
• Critical to understand and act on
indirect emissions
91% (gross) – 100% (net) our emissions
18.1kg per passenger/100kg cargo
90% ACA average (19kg per passenger)
Scope 1,
10,641t, 2%
Scope 2,
33,109t, 7%
Passenger
surface
access,
203,835t, 40%
Aircraft
(<3,000ft),
226,923t, 44%
Third party
energy/fuel,
29,446t, 6%
Staff
commuting,
4,308t, 1%
Scope 3,
464,512t, 91%
Manchester Airport gross emissions (CO2e, 2015-16)

16. ENGAGING OUR COLLEAGUES AND INDUSTRY
65%
TOTAL ATMS
IN 2016

17. WHY IS OUR STORY SO IMPORTANT?
• Increases shareholder value, brand
reputation and stakeholder support
• Mitigates risk
• Enhances customer service
• Secures a ‘licence’ to grow
• Sets us up for the future….

18. MANCHESTER TRANSFORMATION PROJECT
Constraints
A. Incremental terminal development
with small spaces and many
corridors
B. Inefficiency of 3 unlinked terminals
C. Single taxi lane pinch points
D. Lack of T3 Remote Stands
E. Apron/airfield developed for older
generation aircraft
F. Lack of West Apron contact stands
G. Inefficiency of T1/3 Apron – stand
size and gate inflexibility
H. Lack of dual taxiway to feed
runway
I. Conflict between car parking and
apron expansion
J.Complex Road Network
Opportunities
1. Master plan refresh
2. Linking Terminal 1 and Terminal 3
3. Terminal 2 Expansion
4. Landside
5. Airfield Options
6. Terminal 1 and 3 Apron
7. Terminal 2 Apron

19. A WORLD OF OPPORTUNITY
• Our environment
• Our community
• Our colleagues
• Our business

20. For further information or questions, please contact:
Adam Freeman, Environment Advisor, MAG
E: adam.freeman@manairport.co.uk
T: +44 (0)161 489 3595
Andrew Marsh Patrick, Associate Director, WSP | PB
E: Andrew.Marsh-Patrick@WSPGroup.com
T: +44 (0)7881 956732