Motivation is defined as the complex set of forces that cause people to engage in goal-directed behaviors. The document summarizes several major theories of motivation: [1] Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs sequentially. [2] Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between motivators like achievement that provide job satisfaction and hygiene factors like salary that prevent dissatisfaction. [3] Vroom's expectancy theory suggests that motivation depends on expectations of achieving desired outcomes through effort. The document also discusses McGregor's Theory X and Y of

2. Content:
 Introduction
 Defination
 Types of motivation
 Theories of motivation
 Motivation process

3. INTRODUCTION
 Motivation is an urge in an individual to perform goal
directed behavior.

4. DEFINATION
 Motivation is the complex of the forces starting and
keeping a person at work in an organisation.

5. Types of motivation
1. Positive motivation
2. Negative motivation

6. Positive motivation
Positive motivation is the method which
provides incentives, rewards to the
individuals or group.

7. Negative motivation
 If a person may use certain tactics which may adversely
effect the individual but motivate the same are called
negative motivation.

8. Theories of motivation
1. Abhraham Maslow‟s theory of Hierarchial needs
2. Herzberg‟s Two Two Factors Theory
3. Doublas MC. Gregor‟s Theory
4. Achievement motivation Theory
5. Victor Vrooms – Expectancy Theory

9. 1.Abhraham Maslow

10. Abhraham Maslow’s theory of Hierarchial
needs
 Abraham Maslow developed the
Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s
USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory
remains valid today for understanding
human motivation, management training,
and personal development.

12. A. Self Actualisation:
1. These are extreme ends of human needs.
2. Man thinks about one‟s own capabilities.
3. Belongs to psyche of man and infinite.
4. He won‟t stop for certain level.
5. These are continously motivating the people

13.  Esteem needs
1 The satisfaction from these is very difficult.
2 It is classified as Self-esteem and other‟s.
3 The individual attains a level of self
confidence, strength, usefullness, ETC.
4 These emerges when basic needs are satisfied.

14.  Belongings And Love Needs
 Belongings and Love needs is what seems to dominate my
thinking. I don‟t know why this is what dominates my
thinking, but it does. It seems to me as though it may be a
developmental stage that every person goes through, but at
the same time, I do know people that never went through
that stage, but, I do feel as though this is a necessary stage
that every healthy person should go through this phase.

15.  Safety needs:
1.Protection from elements.
2.Security.
3.Order.
4.Law.
5.Limits.
6.Stability.

16. Biological and physical needs:
1. Air.
2. Food.
3. Drink.
4. Shelter.
5. Warmth.
6. Sleep.

17. 2.Dr. Gerhard Herzberg

19.  According to Herzberg there are Two factors
1. Motivators
2. Hygien

20.  Motivators:
 That give positive satisfaction, arising from
intrinsic conditions of the job itself, such as recognition,
achievement, or personal growth.
EG- challenging work, recognition, responsibility

21.  Hygien
 That do not give positive satisfaction, though
dissatisfaction results from their absence. These are
extrinsic to the work itself, and include aspects such as
company policies, supervisory practices, or wages/salary.
 EG-status, job security, salary, fringe benefits, work
conditions

22. criticism of Herzberg theory
1. The theory is based on only two questions tested with
200 employees.
2. It fails to recognize the fact “that human mentality is
very short”.
3. It is the theory related to satisfaction rather than
motivation.
4. The motivation and hygienes are two one sided openion
of researches.

23. 3.Douglas McGregor

24. THEORY X AND THEORY Y

26. Criticism:
 It does not answers which theory is right.
 According to the theory manager should be suitable to the
nature of people.
 It is difficult to continue with both theories at time.

27. David Mc Clelland & Jhon Atkinson
 David Mc Clelland Jhon Atkinson

28. 4. Achievement motivation theory.
 The theory is based on the needs of human being but the
need is associated with achievement.
 According to David Mc Clelland:- If a person is a given
thorough understanding of the theoretical concept relating
to achievement motivation and his own scores, such as
individual would subsequently perform more effectively
in competitive achievement situations.

29. Theory focus on 3 needs
 n.power (need for power)
 n.Aff. (need for affiliation)
 n.Ach. (need for achievement)

30. n.power (need for power)
 Seek power and position influence to influence others.
 Always thinking of guiding the peoples, events
 Leadership is always an expectancy of such people.

31. n.Aff. (need for affiliation)
• They motivated by jobs that demand interaction with co-
workers.
• They cannot perform in isolation.
• Through friendship, they wish to avoid boredom, confirm their
beliefs.
• They value more being with others.
• Companionship and friendliness.
• Others feeling better understood by these.

32. n.Ach. (need for achievement)
• People of this kind usually entrepreneurship quality and wish to
start a new business.
• They will have a strong desire to assume personal responsibility
for performing task.
• People with achievement need perform better than those who
does not have it.
• They set moderately difficult goals in competitive situations.

33. Victor Vrooms

34. 5 Victor Vrooms- Expectancy Theory:

35. Victor Vrooms- Expectancy Theory Deals With
Sub Points
A complex explanation of motivational factors.
It is not fully rested by scientifically.
People cannot think of probable rewards.
It is difficult to anticipate efforts to equate with rewards.
All individuals cannot calculate the rewards, but still
motivated.

36. Financial & Non financial Incentives:

37. Financial Incentives
 The incentives which gives in return the „money‟ by direct
or indirect means are called Financial Incentives.

38. Non financial Incentives
 The money the man satisfied with certain level of
expectation, but there is limit for such motivation
There are 7types of Non financial Incentives
• Recognisation
• Healthy competition
• Participative mngt
• Suggestion box
• Skill development
• Responsibility centers
• Social relationship

39. ANY QUESTIONS