This document provides an overview of extending the reach of 100 Gb/s multimode parallel optic links. It begins with introductions to fiber optics and standards. Test results are presented for transmitter and receiver modules showing performance over 300m of fiber, exceeding the 100m standard. Specifically, the transmitter results show minimal degradation in spectral width, mask margin, and jitter over fiber. Receiver results demonstrate meeting the mask, jitter and sensitivity specifications over 300m with worst-case transmitters. The conclusions state that 100GbE VCSEL modules can successfully operate over longer distances without significant performance impacts.
Polymer Waveguide Based Optical Interconnects for High-Speed On-Board Communi...Jian Chen
Multimode polymer waveguides constitute an attractive technology for use in board-level optical interconnects:
- Theoretical model of bandwidth estimation of MM WGs developed;
- Frequency and time domain measurements on 1 m long spiral waveguides conducted;
- Bandwidth performance of multimode WGs can be enhanced using refractive index engineering, launch conditions, waveguide layout, etc.;
- Record 40 Gb/s NRZ and 56 Gb/s PAM-4 over 1 m long waveguide demonstrated.
Measuring Fiber / Merenja na optičkim vlaknimaNemanja Radić
1. Fiber optic networks are constantly increasing in speed and capacity to meet new application demands like interactive video.
2. Standards like ANSI/TIA-568-C set allowable loss limits for fiber optic links based on factors like cable length, number of splices and adapters.
3. Proper cleaning, inspection and testing of fiber optic connections and links is important to ensure low loss and good performance. A visual fault locator can be used to check basic connectivity but more advanced testing may be required.
Helios is a leading manufacturer of telecom equipment in China, founded in 1994. It has a large R&D team focused on analog and digital RF technologies. Helios produces a range of wireless network optimization solutions including residential and pico repeaters to expand network coverage. Their repeaters use innovative digital and SDR technologies allowing flexible bandwidth adjustment and upgrading without hardware changes. Helios has passed key certifications and sells products to over 30 international operators worldwide.
An optical add-drop multiplexer was developed by integrating silicon waveguide optical circulators and a Bragg reflector. A silicon waveguide Bragg reflector was fabricated that achieved 30 dB reflection for TM mode signals of a particular wavelength. An optical add-drop multiplexer device was demonstrated by combining two optical circulators with the Bragg reflector. It was able to add and drop signal light of a specific wavelength while passing other wavelengths through.
Bandwidth Enhancement in Multimode Polymer Waveguides Using Waveguide Layout ...Jian Chen
Dispersion studies demonstrate that waveguide layout can be used to enhance the bandwidth performance of multimode polymer waveguides for use in board-level optical interconnects, providing >40 GHz.m without the need for any launch conditioning.
Graded-index Polymer Multimode Waveguides for 100 Gb/s Board-level Data Trans...Jian Chen
We report enhanced graded-index multimode polymer waveguides with >70GHz×m for MMF launch and >200GHz×m for restricted launch, indicating the capability of on-board waveguide transmission of >100 Gb/s. Simulations using the measured refractive index profile agree well with the experiments.
This document discusses TCP performance over optical networks. It describes the evolution of optical networks from early systems in the 1970s to current DWDM and coherent optical transmission. It covers using IP over DWDM with overlay and integrated approaches and using MPLS to integrate IP control planes with optical networks. The document also discusses optical switching techniques like optical burst switching. It analyzes TCP performance issues over optical networks, specifically the impact of latency from different switching approaches and components of end-to-end delay.
400 Gbs e 1 TBs systems and fiber nonlinearities Jacklyn Dias ReisCPqD
This document summarizes research on 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s transmission systems and fiber nonlinearities. It discusses:
1. Fiber nonlinear limits on spectral efficiency and distance as a function of launch power, channel count, and linear vs. nonlinear regimes.
2. Experimental results demonstrating a 1 Tb/s super channel over 138 km using 5x224 Gb/s signals with digital signal processing for nonlinear compensation.
3. A field trial of the 1 Tb/s super channel and 112 Gb/s QPSK signals over 138 km and 330 km respectively in the GIGA network in Brazil, showing improved bit error rate with nonlinear compensation.
Polymer Waveguide Based Optical Interconnects for High-Speed On-Board Communi...Jian Chen
Multimode polymer waveguides constitute an attractive technology for use in board-level optical interconnects:
- Theoretical model of bandwidth estimation of MM WGs developed;
- Frequency and time domain measurements on 1 m long spiral waveguides conducted;
- Bandwidth performance of multimode WGs can be enhanced using refractive index engineering, launch conditions, waveguide layout, etc.;
- Record 40 Gb/s NRZ and 56 Gb/s PAM-4 over 1 m long waveguide demonstrated.
Measuring Fiber / Merenja na optičkim vlaknimaNemanja Radić
1. Fiber optic networks are constantly increasing in speed and capacity to meet new application demands like interactive video.
2. Standards like ANSI/TIA-568-C set allowable loss limits for fiber optic links based on factors like cable length, number of splices and adapters.
3. Proper cleaning, inspection and testing of fiber optic connections and links is important to ensure low loss and good performance. A visual fault locator can be used to check basic connectivity but more advanced testing may be required.
Helios is a leading manufacturer of telecom equipment in China, founded in 1994. It has a large R&D team focused on analog and digital RF technologies. Helios produces a range of wireless network optimization solutions including residential and pico repeaters to expand network coverage. Their repeaters use innovative digital and SDR technologies allowing flexible bandwidth adjustment and upgrading without hardware changes. Helios has passed key certifications and sells products to over 30 international operators worldwide.
An optical add-drop multiplexer was developed by integrating silicon waveguide optical circulators and a Bragg reflector. A silicon waveguide Bragg reflector was fabricated that achieved 30 dB reflection for TM mode signals of a particular wavelength. An optical add-drop multiplexer device was demonstrated by combining two optical circulators with the Bragg reflector. It was able to add and drop signal light of a specific wavelength while passing other wavelengths through.
Bandwidth Enhancement in Multimode Polymer Waveguides Using Waveguide Layout ...Jian Chen
Dispersion studies demonstrate that waveguide layout can be used to enhance the bandwidth performance of multimode polymer waveguides for use in board-level optical interconnects, providing >40 GHz.m without the need for any launch conditioning.
Graded-index Polymer Multimode Waveguides for 100 Gb/s Board-level Data Trans...Jian Chen
We report enhanced graded-index multimode polymer waveguides with >70GHz×m for MMF launch and >200GHz×m for restricted launch, indicating the capability of on-board waveguide transmission of >100 Gb/s. Simulations using the measured refractive index profile agree well with the experiments.
This document discusses TCP performance over optical networks. It describes the evolution of optical networks from early systems in the 1970s to current DWDM and coherent optical transmission. It covers using IP over DWDM with overlay and integrated approaches and using MPLS to integrate IP control planes with optical networks. The document also discusses optical switching techniques like optical burst switching. It analyzes TCP performance issues over optical networks, specifically the impact of latency from different switching approaches and components of end-to-end delay.
400 Gbs e 1 TBs systems and fiber nonlinearities Jacklyn Dias ReisCPqD
This document summarizes research on 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s transmission systems and fiber nonlinearities. It discusses:
1. Fiber nonlinear limits on spectral efficiency and distance as a function of launch power, channel count, and linear vs. nonlinear regimes.
2. Experimental results demonstrating a 1 Tb/s super channel over 138 km using 5x224 Gb/s signals with digital signal processing for nonlinear compensation.
3. A field trial of the 1 Tb/s super channel and 112 Gb/s QPSK signals over 138 km and 330 km respectively in the GIGA network in Brazil, showing improved bit error rate with nonlinear compensation.
This document provides an analysis of rise-time budgets and the design of components for optical and satellite communication systems. It defines rise-time budget analysis as a method to determine dispersion limitations in an optical fiber link. The total rise time of a system is calculated as the root sum square of the individual rise times from the transmitter, group velocity dispersion in the fiber, modal dispersion in the fiber, and the receiver. It then provides formulas to calculate the rise time contributions from each of these components: the transmitter, group velocity dispersion, modal dispersion, and receiver. Finally, it shows how the total rise time can be used to determine the maximum system bandwidth for return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero systems.
Transmission system used for optical fibers Jay Baria
In this presentation I have explained various types of transmission system used for optical transmission and also described about the budget method that has to be followed while selecting an source for optical fibers and also about the factors that should be consider while selecting an source.
This document provides a seminar report on optical network architecture presented by Siddharth Singh at JSS Mahavidyapeetha. It begins with acknowledging those who helped and guided in completing the report. The abstract provides an overview of optical networks and how they provide high bandwidth through technologies like DWDM and routing/grooming at the wavelength level. It discusses network architectures like SONET, PONs, and topologies like bus, star and tree. The report is divided into chapters covering topics like DWDM systems, synchronous optical networking, PON history and elements, and network topologies.
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical NetworkingRichard Steenbergen
This document provides an overview of optical networking concepts for those unfamiliar with fiber optic technology. It begins with the basics, explaining that fiber is used because it can carry large amounts of information over long distances at low cost. It then discusses how fiber works using total internal reflection and different fiber types, including single-mode and multi-mode fiber. The document also covers optical power measurement in decibels, sources of signal degradation like dispersion, and transmission windows. The goal is to give a broad understanding without extensive technical details.
ROADM Technologies for Flexible - Tbitsec Optical NetworksCPqD
This document discusses technologies for flexible, high-capacity optical networks, including ROADMs. It describes how ROADMs are used to manage traffic through optical network intersections. It then summarizes technologies like coherent Nyquist filtering, superchannels, flexible grid WSS, hybrid Raman-EDFA amplifiers, and multi-port flexgrid optical channel monitors that enable increased network capacity, reduced costs, and transparent wavelength management for 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s transmission. These improved ROADM subsystems will enable more future-proof ROADM architectures.
Optical networking technologies provide high-speed, high-bandwidth data transmission over long distances using fiber optic cables. Key technologies include passive optical networks (PON) for access networks, SONET/SDH for metro networks, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) for long-haul transport networks. DWDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals simultaneously on different wavelengths over the same fiber, vastly increasing network capacity. Proper layer-2 encapsulation is required to transport layer-3 protocols like IP over DWDM.
The document discusses fiber optic transmission systems (FOTS). It describes how FOTS uses optical fibers to transmit information over long distances using light signals. It discusses the key components of a FOTS including transmitters, optical fibers, optical receivers, and how total internal reflection allows fibers to transmit signals. The document also covers fiber types, advantages of FOTS over copper wire, components in DMRC's network, and technologies like SDH used for optical communication.
This document summarizes two key components of optical fiber communication networks: the optical line terminator and optical network terminals. The optical line terminator serves as the service provider endpoint, performing conversions between electrical and fiber optic signals and coordinating multiplexing. It can transmit data to 128 optical network terminals within a 12.5 mile range using optical splitters. Optical network terminals terminate fiber optic lines at customer premises, demultiplexing signals and providing power for telephones and other devices. Many optical network terminals have battery backups to maintain service during power outages.
Three techniques for generating millimeter-wave signals for high-capacity wireless links are discussed:
1) Direct intensity modulation with direct detection, which is difficult to scale to high frequencies.
2) Photonic generation and RF heterodyning, which requires stringent laser linewidth requirements but is scalable to high frequencies.
3) Experimental generation of a 100Gbps wireless signal using optical baseband 16-QAM generation, photonic upconversion with a free-running laser, and double-stage downconversion.
Performance Improvement for Hybrid L-band Remote Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes research on improving the performance of a hybrid L-band remote erbium-doped fiber amplifier (R-EDFA) by introducing a phase modulator. The phase modulator suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in the transmission. With the phase modulator, transmission gain improved by 12.65dB and noise figure reduced by 47.1dB at 0dBm signal power. The optical signal-to-noise ratio also improved significantly from 7.81dB to 29.72dB as the signal power was varied. By broadening the signal linewidth with phase modulation, SBS was suppressed, improving overall amplifier performance especially at higher signal powers.
This document provides information on different optical fiber characterization tests including insertion loss, return loss, chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and attenuation profile. It defines each test, describes typical test setups and methods, and lists reference standards. It also provides typical specification values for different fiber types and transmission systems. Finally, it includes a table outlining recommended fiber characterization tests for various bit rates.
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLSValery Kayukov
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLS:
- Princiopals of CD
- Measurement of CD
- Manual calculation in XLS
- Automatic Calculation in CTP
Optical networking uses fiber optic cables to transmit data via light pulses. Early networks like FDDI used two fiber rings operating at 100 Mbps. SONET/SDH later became the standard, using synchronous transmission and hierarchical multiplexing of lower speed streams. SONET/SDH supports various network configurations including point-to-point links, linear and ring topologies using add/drop multiplexers. Rings provide high availability through fast automatic protection switching.
Nonlinear Impact of Diverse Optical Routing in Uncompensated 120 Gb/s PM-QPSK...ADVA
The document analyzes the impact of channel add/drop on nonlinear performance in uncompensated 120 Gb/s PM-QPSK links. It shows up to 1.25 dB of nonlinear tolerance benefit when all neighboring channels are added and dropped every 2 spans compared to no add/drop. However, pre-dispersion of added channels reduces this benefit. Further study of interactions with optical filtering and different fiber types is needed.
Idealphotonics manufactures a 1310nm LiNbO3 phase modulator made using proton exchange or Ti diffusion. It features low insertion loss and drive voltage, wide wavelength range, and high efficiency. The phase modulator is ideal for applications such as optical chirp control, phase shift key modulation, optical frequency shifting, and SBS reduction. The technical specifications include an operating wavelength of 1310nm, insertion loss below 3.5dB, half wave voltage below 3.5V, bandwidth above 6GHz, and operating temperature range of 0-70°C. Customizations are available upon request.
Gain Flatness and Noise Figure Optimization of C-Band EDFA in 16-channels WDM...Yayah Zakaria
In this paper, Gain Flatness and Noise Figure of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in 16-channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is used in C-band with the aim to achieve flat EDFA output gain. The proposed model has been studied in detail to evaluate and to enhance the performance of the transmission system in terms of gain, noise figure and eye diagram of the
received signals. To that end, various design parameters have been investigated and optimized, such as frequency spacing, EDF length and temperature. To enhance the transmission system performance in terms of gain flatness, the Gain Flattening Filter (GFF) has been introduced in the design. To prove the efficiency of the new design, the optical transmission
system with optimized design parameters has been compared with a previous works in the literature. The simulation results show satisfactory performance with quasi-equalized gain for each channel of the WDM transmission system.
This document summarizes various physical layer transmission media including guided (wired) and unguided (wireless) media. It describes key characteristics of common guided media like twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also discusses wireless transmission methods such as terrestrial microwave, satellite microwave, broadcast radio, and infrared. Bandwidth, transmission impairments, interference, and number of receivers are identified as important design factors for transmission media.
This slide deck presents a user case by Microsoft (Mark Filer) for a 100G DWDM alternative to Coherent systems <80km using the PAM-4 approach. Fujitsu (Muhammed Sarwar) and Finisar (Gert Sarlet) present the case for Coherent. Inphi (Radha Nagarajan) and ADVA (Joerg-Peter Elbers) present the case for the PAM-4 approach. IEEE (John D'Ambrosia) weighs in from the standards perspective.
The document discusses advance optical modulation formats for high speed optical networks. It explains that using proper modulation formats can help achieve high speed networks by reducing linear and nonlinear impairments. It compares various intensity and phase modulation formats and their effectiveness in mitigating distortions at 10Gbps, 40Gbps and 100Gbps network speeds. The document proposes further research on modulation formats that can combat fiber nonlinear impairments like correlatve coding and partial response formats to design high capacity optically routed networks.
Exalt conducted a live demonstration comparing the performance of its ExtendAir 5 GHz point-to-point microwave radio to the latest 802.11n Wi-Fi Ethernet bridge under varying conditions of path fading and interference. Three tests were conducted: 1) comparing resilience to path fading, 2) comparing resilience to interference, and 3) measuring link recovery time. ExtendAir exhibited better resilience in both path fading and interference, with recovery times under 2 seconds compared to over 7 seconds for 802.11n. ExtendAir was able to deliver higher throughput with better resilience to impairments, translating to longer transmission distances and lower equipment costs compared to 802.11n Wi-Fi.
JTOPTICS® 100Gb/s transceiver module, meticulously crafted for optical communication applications in compliance with the 100G 4WDM 10 MSA. This module adeptly converts four input channels of 25Gb/s electrical data into four channels of CWDM optical signals, subsequently multiplexing them into a single channel for 100Gb/s optical transmission. On the receiver side, the module reversely demultiplexes a 100Gb/s optical input into four channels of CWDM optical signals, converting them into four output channels of electrical data. Equipped with high-performance cooled CWDM DFB transmitters and highly sensitive PIN receivers, this module delivers superior performance for 100 Gigabit Ethernet applications, reaching up to 10km.
Key Features:
1. Hot-pluggable QSFP28 form factor for convenient installation.
2. Maximum link length of 10km over single-mode fiber.
3. Incorporates 4 x 26Gb/s DFB-based CWDM cooling transmitters.
4. Features 4 channels PIN ROSA (Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly).
5. Internal Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuits for both receiver and transmitter channels.
6. Supports CDR bypass for enhanced flexibility.
7. Transmission data rate of up to 26Gbps per channel.
8. Utilizes a duplex LC connector for streamlined connectivity.
9. Compliant with IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE LR4, IEEE 802.3bm, SFF 8665, and SFF 8636 standards.
10. Maximum power dissipation of 4W.
11. Operates on a single 3.3V power supply for simplified power management.
12. RoHS 6 compliant, adhering to environmental standards by being lead-free.
A presentation on Wi-Fi6 or 802.11ax technology and RF design challenges. A 'black box' method to measure Error Vector Magnitude is also presented.
OFDMA, MU-MIMO, OFDM.
This document provides an analysis of rise-time budgets and the design of components for optical and satellite communication systems. It defines rise-time budget analysis as a method to determine dispersion limitations in an optical fiber link. The total rise time of a system is calculated as the root sum square of the individual rise times from the transmitter, group velocity dispersion in the fiber, modal dispersion in the fiber, and the receiver. It then provides formulas to calculate the rise time contributions from each of these components: the transmitter, group velocity dispersion, modal dispersion, and receiver. Finally, it shows how the total rise time can be used to determine the maximum system bandwidth for return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero systems.
Transmission system used for optical fibers Jay Baria
In this presentation I have explained various types of transmission system used for optical transmission and also described about the budget method that has to be followed while selecting an source for optical fibers and also about the factors that should be consider while selecting an source.
This document provides a seminar report on optical network architecture presented by Siddharth Singh at JSS Mahavidyapeetha. It begins with acknowledging those who helped and guided in completing the report. The abstract provides an overview of optical networks and how they provide high bandwidth through technologies like DWDM and routing/grooming at the wavelength level. It discusses network architectures like SONET, PONs, and topologies like bus, star and tree. The report is divided into chapters covering topics like DWDM systems, synchronous optical networking, PON history and elements, and network topologies.
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical NetworkingRichard Steenbergen
This document provides an overview of optical networking concepts for those unfamiliar with fiber optic technology. It begins with the basics, explaining that fiber is used because it can carry large amounts of information over long distances at low cost. It then discusses how fiber works using total internal reflection and different fiber types, including single-mode and multi-mode fiber. The document also covers optical power measurement in decibels, sources of signal degradation like dispersion, and transmission windows. The goal is to give a broad understanding without extensive technical details.
ROADM Technologies for Flexible - Tbitsec Optical NetworksCPqD
This document discusses technologies for flexible, high-capacity optical networks, including ROADMs. It describes how ROADMs are used to manage traffic through optical network intersections. It then summarizes technologies like coherent Nyquist filtering, superchannels, flexible grid WSS, hybrid Raman-EDFA amplifiers, and multi-port flexgrid optical channel monitors that enable increased network capacity, reduced costs, and transparent wavelength management for 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s transmission. These improved ROADM subsystems will enable more future-proof ROADM architectures.
Optical networking technologies provide high-speed, high-bandwidth data transmission over long distances using fiber optic cables. Key technologies include passive optical networks (PON) for access networks, SONET/SDH for metro networks, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) for long-haul transport networks. DWDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals simultaneously on different wavelengths over the same fiber, vastly increasing network capacity. Proper layer-2 encapsulation is required to transport layer-3 protocols like IP over DWDM.
The document discusses fiber optic transmission systems (FOTS). It describes how FOTS uses optical fibers to transmit information over long distances using light signals. It discusses the key components of a FOTS including transmitters, optical fibers, optical receivers, and how total internal reflection allows fibers to transmit signals. The document also covers fiber types, advantages of FOTS over copper wire, components in DMRC's network, and technologies like SDH used for optical communication.
This document summarizes two key components of optical fiber communication networks: the optical line terminator and optical network terminals. The optical line terminator serves as the service provider endpoint, performing conversions between electrical and fiber optic signals and coordinating multiplexing. It can transmit data to 128 optical network terminals within a 12.5 mile range using optical splitters. Optical network terminals terminate fiber optic lines at customer premises, demultiplexing signals and providing power for telephones and other devices. Many optical network terminals have battery backups to maintain service during power outages.
Three techniques for generating millimeter-wave signals for high-capacity wireless links are discussed:
1) Direct intensity modulation with direct detection, which is difficult to scale to high frequencies.
2) Photonic generation and RF heterodyning, which requires stringent laser linewidth requirements but is scalable to high frequencies.
3) Experimental generation of a 100Gbps wireless signal using optical baseband 16-QAM generation, photonic upconversion with a free-running laser, and double-stage downconversion.
Performance Improvement for Hybrid L-band Remote Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes research on improving the performance of a hybrid L-band remote erbium-doped fiber amplifier (R-EDFA) by introducing a phase modulator. The phase modulator suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in the transmission. With the phase modulator, transmission gain improved by 12.65dB and noise figure reduced by 47.1dB at 0dBm signal power. The optical signal-to-noise ratio also improved significantly from 7.81dB to 29.72dB as the signal power was varied. By broadening the signal linewidth with phase modulation, SBS was suppressed, improving overall amplifier performance especially at higher signal powers.
This document provides information on different optical fiber characterization tests including insertion loss, return loss, chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and attenuation profile. It defines each test, describes typical test setups and methods, and lists reference standards. It also provides typical specification values for different fiber types and transmission systems. Finally, it includes a table outlining recommended fiber characterization tests for various bit rates.
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLSValery Kayukov
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLS:
- Princiopals of CD
- Measurement of CD
- Manual calculation in XLS
- Automatic Calculation in CTP
Optical networking uses fiber optic cables to transmit data via light pulses. Early networks like FDDI used two fiber rings operating at 100 Mbps. SONET/SDH later became the standard, using synchronous transmission and hierarchical multiplexing of lower speed streams. SONET/SDH supports various network configurations including point-to-point links, linear and ring topologies using add/drop multiplexers. Rings provide high availability through fast automatic protection switching.
Nonlinear Impact of Diverse Optical Routing in Uncompensated 120 Gb/s PM-QPSK...ADVA
The document analyzes the impact of channel add/drop on nonlinear performance in uncompensated 120 Gb/s PM-QPSK links. It shows up to 1.25 dB of nonlinear tolerance benefit when all neighboring channels are added and dropped every 2 spans compared to no add/drop. However, pre-dispersion of added channels reduces this benefit. Further study of interactions with optical filtering and different fiber types is needed.
Idealphotonics manufactures a 1310nm LiNbO3 phase modulator made using proton exchange or Ti diffusion. It features low insertion loss and drive voltage, wide wavelength range, and high efficiency. The phase modulator is ideal for applications such as optical chirp control, phase shift key modulation, optical frequency shifting, and SBS reduction. The technical specifications include an operating wavelength of 1310nm, insertion loss below 3.5dB, half wave voltage below 3.5V, bandwidth above 6GHz, and operating temperature range of 0-70°C. Customizations are available upon request.
Gain Flatness and Noise Figure Optimization of C-Band EDFA in 16-channels WDM...Yayah Zakaria
In this paper, Gain Flatness and Noise Figure of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in 16-channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is used in C-band with the aim to achieve flat EDFA output gain. The proposed model has been studied in detail to evaluate and to enhance the performance of the transmission system in terms of gain, noise figure and eye diagram of the
received signals. To that end, various design parameters have been investigated and optimized, such as frequency spacing, EDF length and temperature. To enhance the transmission system performance in terms of gain flatness, the Gain Flattening Filter (GFF) has been introduced in the design. To prove the efficiency of the new design, the optical transmission
system with optimized design parameters has been compared with a previous works in the literature. The simulation results show satisfactory performance with quasi-equalized gain for each channel of the WDM transmission system.
This document summarizes various physical layer transmission media including guided (wired) and unguided (wireless) media. It describes key characteristics of common guided media like twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also discusses wireless transmission methods such as terrestrial microwave, satellite microwave, broadcast radio, and infrared. Bandwidth, transmission impairments, interference, and number of receivers are identified as important design factors for transmission media.
This slide deck presents a user case by Microsoft (Mark Filer) for a 100G DWDM alternative to Coherent systems <80km using the PAM-4 approach. Fujitsu (Muhammed Sarwar) and Finisar (Gert Sarlet) present the case for Coherent. Inphi (Radha Nagarajan) and ADVA (Joerg-Peter Elbers) present the case for the PAM-4 approach. IEEE (John D'Ambrosia) weighs in from the standards perspective.
The document discusses advance optical modulation formats for high speed optical networks. It explains that using proper modulation formats can help achieve high speed networks by reducing linear and nonlinear impairments. It compares various intensity and phase modulation formats and their effectiveness in mitigating distortions at 10Gbps, 40Gbps and 100Gbps network speeds. The document proposes further research on modulation formats that can combat fiber nonlinear impairments like correlatve coding and partial response formats to design high capacity optically routed networks.
Exalt conducted a live demonstration comparing the performance of its ExtendAir 5 GHz point-to-point microwave radio to the latest 802.11n Wi-Fi Ethernet bridge under varying conditions of path fading and interference. Three tests were conducted: 1) comparing resilience to path fading, 2) comparing resilience to interference, and 3) measuring link recovery time. ExtendAir exhibited better resilience in both path fading and interference, with recovery times under 2 seconds compared to over 7 seconds for 802.11n. ExtendAir was able to deliver higher throughput with better resilience to impairments, translating to longer transmission distances and lower equipment costs compared to 802.11n Wi-Fi.
JTOPTICS® 100Gb/s transceiver module, meticulously crafted for optical communication applications in compliance with the 100G 4WDM 10 MSA. This module adeptly converts four input channels of 25Gb/s electrical data into four channels of CWDM optical signals, subsequently multiplexing them into a single channel for 100Gb/s optical transmission. On the receiver side, the module reversely demultiplexes a 100Gb/s optical input into four channels of CWDM optical signals, converting them into four output channels of electrical data. Equipped with high-performance cooled CWDM DFB transmitters and highly sensitive PIN receivers, this module delivers superior performance for 100 Gigabit Ethernet applications, reaching up to 10km.
Key Features:
1. Hot-pluggable QSFP28 form factor for convenient installation.
2. Maximum link length of 10km over single-mode fiber.
3. Incorporates 4 x 26Gb/s DFB-based CWDM cooling transmitters.
4. Features 4 channels PIN ROSA (Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly).
5. Internal Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuits for both receiver and transmitter channels.
6. Supports CDR bypass for enhanced flexibility.
7. Transmission data rate of up to 26Gbps per channel.
8. Utilizes a duplex LC connector for streamlined connectivity.
9. Compliant with IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE LR4, IEEE 802.3bm, SFF 8665, and SFF 8636 standards.
10. Maximum power dissipation of 4W.
11. Operates on a single 3.3V power supply for simplified power management.
12. RoHS 6 compliant, adhering to environmental standards by being lead-free.
A presentation on Wi-Fi6 or 802.11ax technology and RF design challenges. A 'black box' method to measure Error Vector Magnitude is also presented.
OFDMA, MU-MIMO, OFDM.
The document provides technical specifications for the CMA5000a OSA optical spectrum analyzer module. It describes the module's key features such as its wide spectral range, high wavelength and power accuracy, excellent polarization dependent loss, and high optical rejection ratio. It also details the module's applications in characterizing EDFA amplifiers and selectively dropping individual wavelengths for further analysis using tunable filters. The document compares the performance of the OSA 425 and OSA 400 modules.
We are offering a comprehensive high speed networking solution which is including 3.2T Co-packaged Optic (CPO), 100G, 200G, 400G & 800G transceivers, DACs, AOCs, ACCs & Loopback modules. We are fulfil your research (R&D) stage product development, DVT/EVT pre-product testing, mass production and also for final application use.
Welcome to contact us for more product info.
This document discusses several topics related to optical fiber communication systems including:
1. Factors that limit the performance of amplified fiber links such as transmission distance, data rate, and component costs.
2. System requirements including transmission distance, data rate, fiber type, and receiver sensitivities.
3. Key components of fiber optic systems and their specifications including lasers, detectors, and other elements.
4. Performance limiting factors for terrestrial and undersea lightwave systems.
5. Physical phenomena that degrade receiver sensitivity in realistic lightwave systems including modal noise and dispersion broadening.
1) The document provides an introduction to microwave radio communication fundamentals and IP applications. It discusses topics such as microwave spectrum, terrestrial microwave links and applications, microwave range, how microwave radios communicate, and extenders range with repeaters.
2) It then covers Layer 2 radio technology, the importance of propagation analysis, antennas and feeder systems, and RF protection. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate key concepts.
3) The goal is to provide network engineers an understanding of microwave fundamentals needed to design carrier Ethernet and IP microwave networks that transport voice, data, and online media with requirements for quality of service and reliability.
Silicon Photonics for Extreme Computing - Challenges and Opportunitiesinside-BigData.com
In this video from the 2017 Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing, Keren Bergman from Columbia University presents: Silicon Photonics for Extreme Computing - Challenges and Opportunities.
"As they confront ever more complex and data-intensive problems, scientists and researchers increasingly look to the next generation of supercomputing--the high-end segment of high-performance computing. That next generation will play out in so-called exaflop computers--machines capable of executing at least a quintillion (1E18) floating-point operations per second. Such a computer would represent a thousand-fold improvement over the current standard, the petaflop machines that first came on line in 2008. But while exaflop computers already appear on funders' technology roadmaps, making the exaflop leap on the short timescales of those roadmaps constitutes a formidable challenge."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-hvV
Learn more: https://extremecomputingtraining.anl.gov/
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Transmission line, single and double matchingShankar Gangaju
This document discusses different types of transmission lines used for transmitting energy and signals over long distances. It describes common transmission line media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical fiber. It covers their applications in telephone networks, buildings and computer networks. It also discusses their transmission characteristics and limitations. The document compares properties of unshielded and shielded twisted pair. It provides details on utilizing different wavelengths in optical fiber for various applications.
The document discusses recent advances in optical network technology, including components such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, optical cross-connects, and optical switching technologies like MEMS. It outlines commercially available high-capacity optical systems providing terabits per second of capacity, as well as experimental WDM systems demonstrating multi-terabit capacities over long transmission distances. Emerging next generation optical networks are envisioned to be transparent, dynamic, and have switching at the wavelength level.
The document discusses simulation and testing of antennas for 4G LTE-MIMO systems. It describes simulating a PIFA antenna in CST Studio Suite to compare matched and unmatched cases. Results showed improved return loss and far-field patterns when the antenna was matched. Testing of a MIMO antenna system involved measuring isolation between antennas and comparing performance with the enclosure open versus closed.
The document describes Sunrise Telecom's modular platform solutions for testing telecommunications networks. It outlines their modular test toolkit (MTT) and scalable test toolkit (STT) platforms that include modules for testing DSL, optical, transport, Ethernet, voice, and cable networks. The platforms provide flexibility through modular designs and are suited for applications such as transmission testing, metro Ethernet testing, optical testing, and cable TV network analysis.
SIAE Microelettronica is an Italian company with over 60 years of experience in wireless communications. They provide licensed point-to-point radio links that transmit voice, data, and video between two fixed locations using regulated microwave and millimeter wave spectrum. Their product portfolio includes indoor and outdoor radio units that offer high capacity up to 1 Gbps with low latency and power consumption. SIAE serves various vertical markets and can provide turn-key services including site surveys, equipment installation, and training. They aim to be a market leader through innovative solutions and local UK support.
The Next Generation Multimode Fiber: Wide Bandwidth MMFLizGoldsmith
Learn about Wide Band Multimode Fiber (WBMMF) -- the application drivers, multiplexing technology, parallel fiber transmission, and Short Wavelength Wave Division Multiplexing. This presentation will also review the cabling evolution roadmap and the WBMMF specification framework.
Restricted Launch Polymer Multimode Waveguides for Board-level Optical Interc...Jian Chen
We report enhanced bandwidth performance of >100 GHz×m over an offset range of ±10 µm in multimode polymer waveguides under restricted launch, demonstrating the capability to support on-board data rates of >100 Gb/s.
This document provides an overview of 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) technologies and developments. It discusses the 28 Gbps Common Electrical Interfaces being defined to enable newer 100 GbE modules. It describes the 1st and emerging 2nd generation 100 Gbps media modules, comparing technologies like 100GBASE-LR4, the 10x10 MSA, and new form factors like QSFP28 and CFP2. Recent developments in 100 GbE standards and beyond 100 GbE are also summarized, outlining the evolution toward higher speeds and densities.
Descripcion de la tecnologia y sistemas de luz para transmitir señales
Sistemas de transmision por fibra optica, equipos de fibra optica para transmision inalambrica
Shenzhen Hifibercom Technology Co.,ltd is a leading communication systems integrator and optical solutions provider.Hifibercom is dedicated to manufacture active optical transceivers and optical fiber cables, offers comprehensive transceivers and optical fiber cable solution including:
Data center: 400G CFP8 / 200G QSFP-DD ,100G QSFP28,56G QSFP+ ,40G QSFP+, 10G SFP+
Transport(OTN,PTN) /FTTX:100G CFP/CFP2/CFP4, 10G SFP+/XFP BIDI/CWDM/DWDM/Tuanable SFP, 1.25G EPON, 10G EPON
Wireless(5G fronthaul,middlehaul and backhaul):25G SFP28, 50G QSFP28 PAM4, 200G CFP2 PAM4
Optical Cable: 10G/25G/40G/100G AOC, 10G/25G/40G/56G/100G/200G DAC, Mini SAS Copper Cable DAC/ Mini SAS Active Optical Cable AOC.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the methods of computation of total power loss and system rise time in a fiber optic link. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
The IEEE develops wireless communication standards including the 802.11 family of protocols. The Wi-Fi Alliance certifies the interoperability of wireless products. Regulatory bodies define allowed spectrum usage in different regions. The 802.11 standards have evolved from early 1-2 Mbps protocols to the latest 802.11n which aims to increase speeds using techniques like channel aggregation, multiple-input multiple-output antennas, and enhanced MAC protocols.
Next Generation Fiber Structured Cabling and Migration to 40/100gPanduit
The new high speed Ethernet standards, 40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR10, will require a change in the fiber cable plant. Here we examine the media and connectivity solutions needed to ease the migration for 10 Gigabit Ethernet to 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet.
Similar to 3-WE3_ExtendingTheReachOfVCSEL_Rev5 (20)
2. Presentation Outline
• Fiber Optics 101
• The Fiber Optic Link: Test Points and Measurements
• 100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
• Link Distance: Limiting Factors and the Need to Extend
• Test Module Description
• Transmitter Module Test Setup and Results
• Receiver Module Test Setup and Results
• Conclusions
3. Fiber Optics 101
Optical Wave-Guide
E
O
O
E
Transmitter
(TOSA)
Receiver
(ROSA)
Transmitter includes:
(1) LED or LASER
(2) Laser Driver circuit
The driver circuit converts diff
signaling into bias/modulation
current to the laser. The LASER
converts the electrical signal to an
optical signal.
Receiver includes:
(1) PiN or APD Photo Detector
(2) Receiver circuit
The Photo Detector converts the
optical signal to an electrical current
while the Receiver circuit performs
signal conditioning and quantization.
Transmission of the optical signal
is accomplished by a wave-guiding
medium such as a step, or a
graded index optical fiber
Digital communication using pulses of light that propagate through long, thin, solid glass or plastic waveguides
4. Fiber Optics 101: Singlemode vs Multimode
Optical Fiber Type
• Single-mode glass (SMF), 9um diameter
• Multi-mode glass (MMF, graded), 50um/62.5um diameter
• Multi-mode glass (HCSF, step), 200um/400um diameter
• Multi-mode plastic (POF, step), 1000um diameter
Single mode for link distances > 1 km
Multimode for link distances < 300 m
5. Fiber Optics 101: Singlemode vs Multimode
Optical Source Type
• Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)
• Fabry-Perot Edge Emitting Laser (FP)
• Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB)
FP and DFB Lasers for link distances > 1 km
VCSELs for link distances < 300 m
6. The Fiber Optic Link
• Optical / Electrical Signals are specified defined Test Points (TP)
• Electrical Test Points:
TP0: SERDES / ASIC output at package
TP1: SERDES / ASIC output at input of FO module electrical connector
TP1a: SERDES / ASIC output at output of FO module electrical connector
TP4a: FO module electrical output at package
TP4: FO module electrical output at output of FO module electrical connector
TP5: SERDES / ASIC input at package
• Optical Test Points:
TP2: FO module optical output after ~1meter fiber patch cord
TP3: FO module optical output after propagation over X meters optical fiber
Fiber
Optic
TX
Fiber
Optic
RX
7. The Fiber Optic Link
• Rise / Fall Time (20% to 80%)
• Timing Jitter
• DJ, RJ, TJ
• J2, J9
• Amplitude
Example of electrical eye mask taken from 100GBASE-SR10 IEEE
802.3ba specification
• Electrical Eye Mask
Fiber
Optic
TX
Fiber
Optic
RX
8. The Fiber Optic Link
• Optical Modulation Amplitude (OMA)
• Average Optical Power
• Extinction Ratio
• Timing Jitter
• DJ, RJ, TJ
• J2, J9
Example of optical eye mask taken from 100GBASE-SR10 IEEE
802.3ba specification
• Optical Eye Mask
Fiber
Optic
TX
Fiber
Optic
RX
9. The Fiber Optic Link
• TP3 is typically specified with respect to the FO RX performance
• RX center of the eye sensitivity with ideal TX source
• Optical power required to achieve 1e-12 bit error rate
• RX stressed sensitivity
•TX source is distorted to simulate propagation through a worst case optical fiber
Fiber
Optic
TX
Fiber
Optic
RX
10. The Fiber Optic Link
• Rise / Fall Time (20% to 80%)
• Timing Jitter
• DJ, RJ, TJ
• J2, J9
• Amplitude
Example of electrical eye mask taken from 100GBASE-SR10 IEEE
802.3ba specification
Fiber
Optic
TX
Fiber
Optic
RX
• Electrical Eye Mask
11. The Fiber Optic Link
Agilent BERT
Agilent DCA-X with
Precision Waveform
Analyzer
QSFP+ TX QSFP+ RX100m Fiber
TP1 TP1a TP2
TP4
12. 100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
Typical Data Center Network Architecture
13. 100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
Typically passive or
active copper cable
(1Gb/s-10 Gb/s)
14. 100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
40 Gb/s multimode
parallel optical links
moving to 100 Gb/s
4 x 10 Gb/s
10 x 10 Gb/s
16. 100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
• Standards define both the high level communication protocol and the low level physical
implementation
• Examples of major standards that support multimode parallel optical links at or above 100
Gb/s
100GBASE-SR10
10 lanes @ 10.3125 Gb/s
Generation 3
16 lanes @ ~8 Gb/s
Quad Data Rate (QDR)
12 lanes @ 10 Gb/s
17. • Addresses the needs of computing, network aggregation and core networking applications
• Common architecture for both 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet
• Uses IEEE 802.3 Ethenet MAC and frame format
• The architecture is flexible and scalable
• Leverages existing 10 Gb/s technology where possible
• Defines physical layer technologies for backplane, copper cable assembly and optical fiber
medium
100 Gb/s Multimode Links in the Network
40G / 100G Ethernet
18. Link Distance Limiting Factors
Optical Attenuation:
• Reduces the amplitude of the signal at
the receiver
Causes include:
• Absorption
• Scattering
• Micro and Macro bending
Wavelength Dependant
• Typical losses of <3.5db/km for 850nm
• Typical losses of <1db/km for 1300nm
• Typical losses of <0.5db/km for 1550nm
* Attenuation is independent of data rate
Typical 62.5um Fiber Attenuation vs. Wavelength
19. Link Distance Limiting Factors
Modal Dispersion:
• Dominates in MM fiber links
• Multiple propagation Modes
• Different propagation lengths for each
mode
• Creates pulse spreading in time
20. Link Distance Limiting Factors
Chromatic Dispersion:
• Dominates in long SM links
• Distribution of optical power with
wavelength
• Speed of light in glass is wavelength
dependent
• Creates pulse spreading in time
21. Link Distance Limiting Factors
•Inter-symbol Interference (ISI)
due to dispersion results in the
largest power penalty at the
receiving end of the fiber optic
link
•ISI can be reduced by
• Using higher bandwidth
optical fiber
• Laser pre-emphasis
• Receiver equalization
22. Link Distance: Need to Extend
•As Data Centers continue to
grow in scale, switch to switch
link distance will exceed 100
meters
•There is a strong desire to
continue using 100 Gb/s
capable multimode parallel
optic modules over these
longer link distances.
Next Generation Mega Data Center
Image from IEEE Spectrum Magazine
23. Test Module
• Mid-Board mounted (embedded) parallel optics
• Separate Transmitter and Receiver Modules
• 12 Channels of unidirectional high-speed data
• Maximum data rate per channel: 10.3125 Gb/s
• Each module includes comprehensive
diagnostic monitoring features
• Optical Connectivity through a PRIZMTM Snap-
On optical connector and 12 fiber round or flat
cable
• High Density Electrical MegArrayTM connector
9x9 (81 pin) Electrical connector (22 mm x 18.5
mm)
24. Transmitter Module Test Setup
Transmitter
Test Parameter Unit VCC Temperature Rate (Gbps) Pattern
Spectral Width nm 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 10.3125 PRBS-31
Optical Modulation Amplitude uW 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 10.3125 K28.7
VECP dB 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 10.3125 PRBS-31
Mask Margin % 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 10.3125 PRBS-31
Jitter mUI 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 10.3125 PRBS-15
Sample size is 20 pieces (120 channels) unless otherwise noted in the report.
Jitter UI
TP1
J2 0.17
J9 0.29
Worst case TP1a
25. • These test results show the average Spectral Width is ~0.4 nm with a 3σ limit of less
than 0.6 nm. The IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE-SR10 standard limit for the transmitter
spectral width is 0.65 nm.
Transmitter Test Results: Spectral Width (SW)
26. • These test results show the average Mask Margin degradation between TP2 and TP3
due to the fiber is less than 10% with a maximum difference of 21%.
Transmitter Test Results: Mask Margin (MM)
27. • The data shows a liner trend of increasing mask margin delta versus spectral width as
expected. The rate is ~2.2% per 0.1 nm increase. This result agrees with the previous
measurement of an average Mass Margin decrease of 10% with the given spectral width
distribution
Transmitter Test Results: Mask Margin vs. Spectral Width
28. • The test results show an increase in the average VECP when moving from TP2 to TP3.
The average increase is less than 0.6 dB with a high limit of 1.7 dB
Transmitter Test Results: Vertical Eye Closure Penalty (VECP)
29. • These test results show the average Optical Modulation Amplitude difference is less
than 0.8 dB with a maximum delta of 1 dB
Transmitter Test Results: OMA difference (at TP2 and TP3)
30. • The increase in jitter of 30-50
mUI due to the 300m of fiber
does not appear to be
significant.
Transmitter Test Results: Jitter
31. Receiver Module Test Setup
Receiver
Test Parameter Unit VCC Temperature Rate (Gbps) Pattern
Stressed Receiver Sensitivity dBm OMA 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 8.5, 4.25 PRBS-31
Receiver Output Jitter UI 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 8.5, 4.25 PRBS-15
Mask Margin % 3.3V +/- 5% 0C, 25C, 75C 8.5, 4.25 PRBS-31
Sample size is 20 pieces (80 channels tested) unless otherwise noted in the report.
Jitter UI
TP1
J2 0.17
J9 0.29
Worst case TP1a
To test Interoperability with 10GBASE-SR transceivers, a 10GBASE-SR SFP+ module was
modified to produce optical signal with a VECP of 3.5 dB with -3.2 dB OMA
32. • With positive margin, these test results verify that the Parallel receiver, meets the
IEEE802.3ba TP4 mask requirement over 300m of worst case OM3 fiber using either a
worst case Parallel or worst case 10GBASE-SR SFP+ transmitter
Receiver Test Results: TP4 Mask Margin
33. • These test results verify that the Parallel receiver, meets the IEEE802.3ba TP4 Total jitter
specification over 300m of worst case OM3 fiber using either a worst case Parallel or
worst case 10GBASE-SR SFP+ transmitter.
Receiver Test Results: TP4 Total Jitter
34. • These test results verify that the
Parallel receiver, meets the
IEEE802.3ba TP4 jitter
specification over 300m of worst
case OM3 fiber using a worst
case Parallel or worst case
10GBASE-SR SFP+ transmitter
Receiver Test Results: TP4 J2/J9 Jitter
Jitter UI
TP4
J2 0.42
J9 0.65
Max TP4 Jitter
35. 2000 MHz.Km
Receiver Test Results: Stressed Receiver Sensitivity Test
• Measurements were performed while varying case
temperature from 0C to 75C using a PRBS31 test
pattern.
36. • These receiver sensitivity results show significant margin to the IEEE802.3ba SRS limit
of -5.4 dBm
Receiver Test Results: Stressed Receiver Sensitivity
37. Conslusions
•As modern data centers continue to grow in physical size, there is a strong desire
to continue to use lower cost VCSEL based parallel optic modules in longer distance
100 Gb/s interconnect applications.
• While the current 100GBASE-SR10 Ethernet standard specifies a link distance of
only 100m over OM3 fiber, we show that certain commercially available 100GBASE-
SR10 VCSEL based parallel optic modules can successfully operate over 300m of
worst case specified OM3 fiber without a significant degradation in transmitter or
receiver performance.
• Furthermore, we show that these parallel optic modules can inter-operate with
single channel small form pluggable (SFP+) transceiver modules in 100GBE to 10x
10GBE break out applications with link distances up to 300m over OM3 fiber.