This document summarizes two key components of optical fiber communication networks: the optical line terminator and optical network terminals. The optical line terminator serves as the service provider endpoint, performing conversions between electrical and fiber optic signals and coordinating multiplexing. It can transmit data to 128 optical network terminals within a 12.5 mile range using optical splitters. Optical network terminals terminate fiber optic lines at customer premises, demultiplexing signals and providing power for telephones and other devices. Many optical network terminals have battery backups to maintain service during power outages.

1. Optical Fiber Communication
Network

2. Worldwide OFC Network

3. Types of OFC Network

5. 1.Optical line terminator (OLT):-
• An optical line termination (OLT), also called an optical line
terminal, is a device which serves as the service provider
endpoint of a passive optical network. It provides two main
functions:
• 1. To perform conversion between the electrical signals used
by the service provider's equipment and the fiber optic signals
used by the passive optical network.
• 2. To coordinate the multiplexing between the conversions
devices on the other end of that network (called either optical
network terminals or optical network units).
• The OLT contains a central processing unit (CPU), passive
optical network cards, a gateway router (GWR) and voice
gateway (VGW) uplink cards. It can transmit a data signal to
users at 1490 nanometers (nm). That signal can serve up to
128 ONTs at a range of up to 12.5 miles by using optical
splitters.

7. 2. Optical network terminals (ONT):-
• An optical network terminal (ONT) is a type of NID
(Network Interface Device) used with fiber-to-the-
premises applications.
• In fiber-to-the-premises systems, the signal is
transmitted to the customer premises using fiber optic
technologies.
• An optical network terminal (ONT) is used to terminate
the fiber optic line, Demultiplex the signal into its
component parts (voice telephone, television, and
Internet), and provide power to customer telephones.
As the ONT must derive its power from the customer
premises electrical supply, many ONTs have the option
for a battery backup, to maintain service in the event
of a power outage.

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