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Wireless Fundamentals Introducing Wireless Regulation Bodies, Standards, and Certifications
The IEEE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Wi-Fi Alliance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Regulatory Bodies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FCC Part 15 Antenna Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — FCC Example
2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — FCC Example (Cont.) Point-to-Multipoint Point-to-Point The above values reflect the 3:1 rule. The above values reflect the 1:1 rule. 36 dBm 16 dBm 20 dBm Cisco Maximum 36 dBm 6 dBm 30 dBm FCC Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power - dBm 56 dBm 36 dBm 20 dBm Cisco Maximum 36 dBm 6 dBm 30 dBm FCC Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power - dBm
2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — ETSI Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — ETSI Example (Cont.) Governing bodies with 20-dBm ceiling on EIRP: ETSI, France/Singapore, Israel, Mexico Point-to-Multipoint and Point-to-Point The above values reflect the 1:1 rule. *Tx = transmission 20 dBm 20 dBi 0 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 13 dBi 7 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 7 dBi 13 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 5 dBi 15 dBm Reduced Tx* Power 19.2 dBm 2.2 dBi 17 dBm Cisco dipole Antennae 20 dBm 3 dBi 17 dBm Gov. Body Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power-dBm
Wireless Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current State of 5-GHz 802.11a Spectrum
Some IEEE 802.11 Standard Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11 Standards for Spectrums and Speeds OFDM 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 100+ 1, 2, 5.5, 11 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 1, 2, 5.5, 11 1, 2 Data Rates (Mb/s) DSSS, CCK, OFDM DSSS OFDM DSSS IR, FHSS, DSSS Transmission varies 3 Up to 23 3 3 No of Channels 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz Frequency Band Not Ratified 2003 1999 1999 1997 Ratified 802.11n 802.11g 802.11a 802.11b 802.11
802.11 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11b ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11b Speed Coverage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11g ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11b/g Cell Speeds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11b/g Encoding and Modulations 11 CCK-128 QPSK 1 Barker BPSK 2 Barker QPSK 5.5 CCK-16 QPSK 54 OFDM 128-QAM 48 OFDM 64-QAM 36 OFDM 16-QAM 24 OFDM 16-QAM 18 OFDM QPSK 12 OFDM QPSK 9 OFDM BPSK 6 OFDM BPSK Total Data Rate (Mb/s) Encoding Modulation with Subchannels
802.11b and 802.11g Coexistence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11a ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11a Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
802.11a Speeds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing the Technologies 802.11a Data Rates 54 1125 128-QAM 48 1000 64-QAM 36 750 16-QAM 24 500 16-QAM 18 375 QPSK 12 250 QPSK 9 187.5 BPSK 6 125 BPSK Total Data Rate (Mb/s) Data Rate Per Subchannel (kb/s) Modulation with Subchannels
802.11n: State of the Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Greater Reliability and Predictability Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) Improved MAC Efficiency 40-MHz Channels Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) Beam forming Spatial multiplexing MAC aggregation packs smaller packets into a single unit. Block acknowledgment improves throughput. Two adjacent 20-MHz channels are combined to create a single 40-MHz channel. Primary 802.11n Components
802.11n Channel Aggregation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Block Acknowledgment ,[object Object],[object Object],802.11 Header Packet 802.11 ACK 802.11n ACK 802.11n Header Packet 802.11n Header Packet 802.11n Header Packet
Spatial Multiplexing ,[object Object]
Transmit Beamforming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maximal Ratio Combining ,[object Object]
MIMO Benefits
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Iuwne10 S01 L06

  • 1. Wireless Fundamentals Introducing Wireless Regulation Bodies, Standards, and Certifications
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  • 7. 2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — FCC Example (Cont.) Point-to-Multipoint Point-to-Point The above values reflect the 3:1 rule. The above values reflect the 1:1 rule. 36 dBm 16 dBm 20 dBm Cisco Maximum 36 dBm 6 dBm 30 dBm FCC Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power - dBm 56 dBm 36 dBm 20 dBm Cisco Maximum 36 dBm 6 dBm 30 dBm FCC Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power - dBm
  • 8.
  • 9. 2.4-GHz EIRP Output Rules — ETSI Example (Cont.) Governing bodies with 20-dBm ceiling on EIRP: ETSI, France/Singapore, Israel, Mexico Point-to-Multipoint and Point-to-Point The above values reflect the 1:1 rule. *Tx = transmission 20 dBm 20 dBi 0 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 13 dBi 7 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 7 dBi 13 dBm Reduced Tx Power 20 dBm 5 dBi 15 dBm Reduced Tx* Power 19.2 dBm 2.2 dBi 17 dBm Cisco dipole Antennae 20 dBm 3 dBi 17 dBm Gov. Body Maximum EIRP Maximum Gain Transmitter Power-dBm
  • 10.
  • 11. Current State of 5-GHz 802.11a Spectrum
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  • 13. 802.11 Standards for Spectrums and Speeds OFDM 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 100+ 1, 2, 5.5, 11 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 1, 2, 5.5, 11 1, 2 Data Rates (Mb/s) DSSS, CCK, OFDM DSSS OFDM DSSS IR, FHSS, DSSS Transmission varies 3 Up to 23 3 3 No of Channels 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz Frequency Band Not Ratified 2003 1999 1999 1997 Ratified 802.11n 802.11g 802.11a 802.11b 802.11
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  • 19. 802.11b/g Encoding and Modulations 11 CCK-128 QPSK 1 Barker BPSK 2 Barker QPSK 5.5 CCK-16 QPSK 54 OFDM 128-QAM 48 OFDM 64-QAM 36 OFDM 16-QAM 24 OFDM 16-QAM 18 OFDM QPSK 12 OFDM QPSK 9 OFDM BPSK 6 OFDM BPSK Total Data Rate (Mb/s) Encoding Modulation with Subchannels
  • 20.
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  • 24. Comparing the Technologies 802.11a Data Rates 54 1125 128-QAM 48 1000 64-QAM 36 750 16-QAM 24 500 16-QAM 18 375 QPSK 12 250 QPSK 9 187.5 BPSK 6 125 BPSK Total Data Rate (Mb/s) Data Rate Per Subchannel (kb/s) Modulation with Subchannels
  • 25.
  • 26. Greater Reliability and Predictability Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) Improved MAC Efficiency 40-MHz Channels Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) Beam forming Spatial multiplexing MAC aggregation packs smaller packets into a single unit. Block acknowledgment improves throughput. Two adjacent 20-MHz channels are combined to create a single 40-MHz channel. Primary 802.11n Components
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  • 35.