1. 3D FABRIC AND IT’S
APPLICATION IN CLOTHING
Submitted to
Dr. B.K. BEHERA
Submitted by
ASHUTOSH SHUKLA (2013TTE2757)

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS
• 3 DIMENSIONAL WEAVING PROCESS
• APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS
• APPLICATION IN CLOTHING
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• The 3D weaving technology is used for the
production of only specially industrial fabrics.
Keeping high level of security in mind for
protective clothing, 3D fabric play important
role.

4. A single-fabric system, the constituent yarns of
which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually
perpendicular plane relationship
3-D Woven Construction
X
Y
Z
3:48 PM

5. DRAWBACKS OF 2D CONSTRUCTION
• Anisotropic
• Poor in-plane shear resistance
• Less modulus than the fiber material due
to presence of crimp

6. 3D STRUCTURE
3:48 PM
Yarns are arranged
perpendicular to each
other in X, Y and Z
directions
No interlacing or crimp
exists between yarn
Thickness can be increased
High Fibre Volume Fraction

7. CLASSIFICATION OF 3D STRUCTURES
I) Based on type of 3D Structures
 3D Solid:
 3D Hollow:
Flat surface
Uneven surface
 3D Shell:
By weave combination
By differential take-up
By moulding
 3D Nodal
II) Based on type of
mechanism
 3D Woven
 3D Knitted
 3D Nonwoven
 3D Jacquard design
 Braided structure
III) Based on type of
weaving process
 2D weaving – 3D
fabrics
 3D weaving – 3D
fabrics
 NOOBING
Orthogonal
Warp Interlock
Angle Interlock

8. 3D Solid structure
Orthogonal
 It is characterized by straight yarns in warp, weft
and thickness directions
 This structure can provide a greater volume
fraction than Warp interlock structures
3:48 PM

9. 3D SOLID STRUCTURE
It is a multilayer fabric
Used for flat panel reinforcement
Normally woven on a shuttle loom
Warp Interlock

10. 3D SOLID STRUCTURE
Structures are distinguished by the
individual layers
 Each layer may be of different weave
 Stitching of layers
 Structure ranges from 2 to 4 layers
Angle Interlock

11. 3D HOLLOW STRUCTURE
a) Flat surface-where three or more layers of fabric are
used, the layer of fabric connecting the top and
bottom layers will be woven with longer length than
the top and bottom layers.
b) Uneven surface-adjacent layers of fabrics are
combined and separated at arranged intervals.

12. 3D SHELL STRUCTURE
a) By weave combination
b) By differential take-up
c) By moulding

13. BY WEAVE COMBINATION
Concentric rings were planned and gradient change of
weaves was employed in the areas between two
adjacent rings

14. BY DIFFERENTIAL TAKE-UP
The conventional one-piece take-
up roller was replaced by one
made up by many discs that are
electronically controlled to
perform individual take-up
movement

15. BY MOULDING
Due to the extensibility of yarns
and fabrics and the allowance of
shear, most flat woven fabrics
can be molded into doubly
curved surfaces to some extent.

16. 3D NODAL STRUCTURE
A 3D nodal fabric refers to a fabric that facilitates a
network formed by different tubular or solid members
joining together

17. Dimensional stability
Conformability
Mold ability
Withstand multi-directional mechanical stress
Characteristics Advantage of 3D fabric
All these characteristics are essential for composite manufacturing

18. APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS
• Automotive engineering
• Aeronautics
• Construction
• Medical material
• Transport applications
• Protective clothing
• Ballistic and various industrial uses

19. APPLICATIONS OF 3D FABRICS IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Protective clothing is the applications, where a high level of
protection is expected from the lightest possible components and
3D fabric is one of the best option for this because it have some
characteristic like-
• Thick in dimensions
• Damage tolerance and impact resistance
• Flexural
• Tensile and compressive stiffness
• strength

20. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Body armours
Ballistic Protection
Cut resistance fabric
Bullet proof shoes

22. TERRY FABRICS

23. VELVET FABRICS FOR UPHOLSTERY
• Velvet fabrics are a class of pile fabrics which are divided into two as warp pile fabrics
and weft pile fabrics known as velveteen according to the pile direction

24. BULLET PROOF CLOTHING

25. WOMEN BODY ARMOUR VEST

26. HELMET MANUFACTURING

27. CUT AND STAB RESISTANCE CLOTHING

28. REFRENCES
• Multiaxis Three Dimensional (3D) Woven Fabric Kadir Bilisik Erciyes University Department of Textile Engineering, Turkey
• 3D Woven Fabrics Pelin Gurkan Unal Nam k Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey
• https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=iz5Fz0O0GYmVzM&t
bnid=Ju-MXBx00qJlZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Fstory%2F20130115-
woodpecker-inspires-bike-
helmet&ei=vapBU7XhF8f5rAe98IDoCw&bvm=bv.64367178,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNG4mMxLo1_58nGPZibCOH6xh1ir_g&ust=
1396898840934411
• Professor Dava J. Newman, Ph.D., Professor Jeff Hoffman, Kristen Bethke*, Joaquin Blaya, Christopher Carr, and Bradley Pitts,
MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIDÉ Technologies, TAI, 6 November 2003
• 3D Woven Fabrics, Pelin Gurkan Unal, Namk Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey
• US4923741 patent.