The document discusses various types of structural geology features including folds, faults, and related terminology. It provides classifications of folds based on the relative position of older and younger rock layers, their shape, the inclination of the axial plane, and the relative dip of the limbs. It also discusses fault terminology such as hanging wall, footwall, and different types of faults including normal, reverse, strike-slip, and their related landforms. Graben and horst structures are described as areas of subsidence or elevation between fault blocks.
2. stress
stress
Fold
Tekanan pada perlapisan batuan sedimen
menghasilkan relief bergelombang
Rocks can
bend or fold under stress.
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4. Dip – Strike
Lipatan/fold yang
telah tersingkap oleh
proses erosi akan
menunjukkan
perlapisan batuan
sedimennya. Arah
lipatan dapat
direkonstruksi melalui
pengukuran Dip -
Strike
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
5. Fold classifications:
1. Klasifikasi berdasar posisi relatif lapisan
berumur tua dan muda
a. Antiklinal
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7. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
a. Synform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan
menuju lembah/fold center
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8. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
b. Antiform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan
menjauhi puncak/fold center
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14. Fold classifications:
4. Klasifikasi berdasar perbandingan relatif antara
dip di kedua limb : symmetrical , asymmetrical,
overturned
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16. B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
Lembah sinklinal
17. B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
Hog back When
rocks are uplifted
by mountain
building
processes, erosion
of the softer, less
resistant rock
occurs leaving a
ridge of the more
resistant rock.
18. Cuesta, broken fault
Escarpment face of a cuesta, broken by a
fault. Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee
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19. Pola aliran yang terbentuk pada zone lipatan adalah
trellis.
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20. Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam
perlapisan horisontal
Interstate road cut
through limestone
and shale strata in
eastern Tennessee
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21. Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam
perlapisan horisontal
1. Perlapisan silang siur (Cross bedded) /
2. Riple marks
3. Mud marks
4. Concretions
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22. Fault Terminology:
1. strike and dip
2. hanging wall/headwall
3. footwall
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24. Fault Terminology:
fault scarps (tectonic)
faultline scarps (erosional:
structurally controlled by not
tectonic)
Aspy Valley: faultline scarp, lowland, and plateau
truncated spurs/triangular
facet (also produced by
glaciation)
wineglass valley (Death Valley)
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27. Fault Terminology: Linier valley (erosional:
structurally controlled by not tectonic)
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28. Tipe Fault
Dip Slip Faults
Normal
Reverse
Strike Slip Faults
left lateral
right lateral
Pull-apart Basins and
transverse Mountains:
form where a transform
fault bends
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
30. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
Normal faults Reverse faults
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31. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A graben fault is produced when tensional stresses result in
the subsidence of a block of rock. On a large scale these
features are known as Rift Valleys
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
32. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A horst fault is the development of two reverse
faults causing a block of rock to be pushed up
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33. Kerak bumi dengan posisi yang lebih rendah
diantara dua blok yang lain disebut Graben.
Sedangkan kerak bumi yang mengalami kenaikan
elevasi disebut Horst.
Tipe Fault
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