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AS MAPPING
for DUMMIES
You will be given a
map which shows
some simple
geological
structures and
features to interpret.
There will also be
some questions
which relate to the
map and to the
rock, mineral and
fossil specimens.
The map will
have a key, a
scale and a
north arrow.
The key will include the
Rock Units shown on the
map. Sometimes you are
told what type of rocks each
rock unit represents but not
always. It is a good idea to
write the letters of each rock
unit on the map before you
start using it.
The key also tells you which
rock units have a specimen
available to study.
Folds
What type of folds are
these? What is the trend
and the symmetry of
these folds?
A
B
Folds
There are two folds on this map. What type
of folds are they? What is the trend and
the symmetry of these folds?
A B
Unconformities mark
times when erosion is
dominant and no
sediments are deposited.
They mark a break in
deposition because of
uplift and mountain
building. The rocks above
overlay the rocks below
UNCONFORMABLY and
are often very different in
dip and strike.
Unconformities cut across other beds.
Folds
What type of fold
is this? What is
the trend and the
symmetry of this
fold?
Give the
geological history
of this map.
A B C
D
Unconformi
ties
Locate a fold
and an
unconformity on
this map.
Describe them
both fully.
Give the
geological
history of this
area.
A
B
C
D
Unconformities
Where are the unconformities on these
maps?
How can you be sure that they are
unconformities?
A
B
Unconformities
Locate two
folds and an
unconformity
on this map.
Describe them
both fully. Give
the geological
history of this
area.
A
B C
D
Locate a fold and an unconformity on this
map. Describe them both fully.
Igneous
intrusions
What type of
igneous intrusions
are shown on this
map?
What rocks could
A and B be?
A
B
Faults
If faults are shown by straight lines then they
are vertical. If faults have a sinuous outcrop
then they are at an angle to the horizontal and
are probably reverse or thrust faults.
What type
of faults are
these?
What is the
geological
history of
this area?
F2
A
B
C
D E
Faults
What type of fault
is F2?
How do you
know?
Why does it
appear to be in
two sections?
granite
Faults
The youngest rocks are always on the
downthrow side of a fault. You need to know
how old each rock is to find out the downthrow.
Faults
Strike-slip faults are vertical but the
movement on them is lateral (sideways). If
the far side moves to the right the sense of
movement is dextral, if it moves to the left the
movement is called sinistral. Which way has
this strike-slip fault moved?
Faults
What types of faults are
F1 and F2? How can
you tell?
Which one occurred
first? How do you
know?
What is the geological
history of this area?
A
B
C
D
E
Faults
F2
What types of faults are F1 and F2?
Which occurred first? How do you know?
Which fault F1 or
F2 is not vertical?
How do you know?
Which fault F1 or
F2 came first?
How do you know?
What is the
geological history of
this area?
A B
C
D
E
Answer the
exam
question
about
locality 1 on
the map
above.
Using evidence from Map 2, give one reason
why this is a dyke rather than a sill.
A
A
Sills
B
C
C
What map evidence
would you need to know
to convince you that the
feature formed by Rock
B was a sill?
Graphic logs
Give the evidence
from the graphic log
that shows that these
rocks were laid down
in a fluvial
environment.
Asymmetrical
ripples
Cross bedding
Erosional base
Graphic logs
Complete the
log using the
descriptions
contained in
Table 2.
Complete this
table about F2.
Has the student got this geological history right?
Fossil
evaluation
A student identified this
fossil as being Fossil A.
Was this correct?
Fold wavelengths and amplitudes
wavelength
amplitude
Evaluation of fold axes
Are these
statements true?
• the fold trends
are NS
•the folds are
symmetrical
•the fold
wavelength is
200m.
Geological history
What is the
geological history
of this area?
A
B
C
D
E F
G
Questions
State three pieces
of evidence, either
from Map 3 or your
fieldwork or
knowledge, which
confirm the
presence of an
unconformity.
Draw and label on
Map 3 the axial
planes of two folds
to the east of Fault
F2.
Rock unit B was deposited in tropical, shallow
seas. What evidence from the photo and the
graphic log would confirm this statement?
THE END

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asmapping-131119071624-phpapp02.ppt

  • 2. You will be given a map which shows some simple geological structures and features to interpret. There will also be some questions which relate to the map and to the rock, mineral and fossil specimens.
  • 3. The map will have a key, a scale and a north arrow.
  • 4. The key will include the Rock Units shown on the map. Sometimes you are told what type of rocks each rock unit represents but not always. It is a good idea to write the letters of each rock unit on the map before you start using it. The key also tells you which rock units have a specimen available to study.
  • 5. Folds What type of folds are these? What is the trend and the symmetry of these folds? A B
  • 6. Folds There are two folds on this map. What type of folds are they? What is the trend and the symmetry of these folds? A B
  • 7. Unconformities mark times when erosion is dominant and no sediments are deposited. They mark a break in deposition because of uplift and mountain building. The rocks above overlay the rocks below UNCONFORMABLY and are often very different in dip and strike. Unconformities cut across other beds.
  • 8. Folds What type of fold is this? What is the trend and the symmetry of this fold? Give the geological history of this map. A B C D
  • 9. Unconformi ties Locate a fold and an unconformity on this map. Describe them both fully. Give the geological history of this area. A B C D
  • 10. Unconformities Where are the unconformities on these maps? How can you be sure that they are unconformities? A B
  • 11. Unconformities Locate two folds and an unconformity on this map. Describe them both fully. Give the geological history of this area. A B C D
  • 12. Locate a fold and an unconformity on this map. Describe them both fully.
  • 13. Igneous intrusions What type of igneous intrusions are shown on this map? What rocks could A and B be? A B
  • 14. Faults If faults are shown by straight lines then they are vertical. If faults have a sinuous outcrop then they are at an angle to the horizontal and are probably reverse or thrust faults. What type of faults are these? What is the geological history of this area? F2 A B C D E
  • 15. Faults What type of fault is F2? How do you know? Why does it appear to be in two sections? granite
  • 16. Faults The youngest rocks are always on the downthrow side of a fault. You need to know how old each rock is to find out the downthrow.
  • 17. Faults Strike-slip faults are vertical but the movement on them is lateral (sideways). If the far side moves to the right the sense of movement is dextral, if it moves to the left the movement is called sinistral. Which way has this strike-slip fault moved?
  • 18. Faults What types of faults are F1 and F2? How can you tell? Which one occurred first? How do you know? What is the geological history of this area? A B C D E
  • 19. Faults F2 What types of faults are F1 and F2? Which occurred first? How do you know?
  • 20. Which fault F1 or F2 is not vertical? How do you know? Which fault F1 or F2 came first? How do you know? What is the geological history of this area? A B C D E
  • 22. Using evidence from Map 2, give one reason why this is a dyke rather than a sill. A A
  • 23. Sills B C C What map evidence would you need to know to convince you that the feature formed by Rock B was a sill?
  • 24. Graphic logs Give the evidence from the graphic log that shows that these rocks were laid down in a fluvial environment. Asymmetrical ripples Cross bedding Erosional base
  • 25. Graphic logs Complete the log using the descriptions contained in Table 2.
  • 27. Has the student got this geological history right?
  • 28. Fossil evaluation A student identified this fossil as being Fossil A. Was this correct?
  • 29. Fold wavelengths and amplitudes wavelength amplitude
  • 30. Evaluation of fold axes Are these statements true? • the fold trends are NS •the folds are symmetrical •the fold wavelength is 200m.
  • 31. Geological history What is the geological history of this area? A B C D E F G
  • 32. Questions State three pieces of evidence, either from Map 3 or your fieldwork or knowledge, which confirm the presence of an unconformity. Draw and label on Map 3 the axial planes of two folds to the east of Fault F2.
  • 33. Rock unit B was deposited in tropical, shallow seas. What evidence from the photo and the graphic log would confirm this statement?