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The document discusses several key concepts from David Harvey's work on neoliberalism: 1) Creative destruction refers to how continuous innovation under capitalism devalues past investments and skills, exacerbating instability and crisis as workers and capital shift between sectors. 2) Neoliberalism holds that free markets and private property maximize well-being, and the state's role is to preserve this framework. 3) Harvey argues neoliberal policies have redistributed wealth upward rather than generating new wealth, and updates Marx's concept of "accumulation by dispossession" to the modern era.
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320f15week5
1. The document discusses key concepts from Marxism such as class struggle, labor power, and surplus value.
2. It then examines David Harvey's definition of "creative destruction" as the process by which continuous innovation devalues past investments and labor skills through capital circulation, exacerbating instability.
3. Neoliberalism is discussed as a theory that markets maximize well-being through private property, liberty, and free markets/trade, with the state's role being to maintain this framework.
320f16 week5
This document covers several topics related to globalization, culture, and neoliberalism including:
1. A brief overview of key concepts in Marxism such as class struggle, commodity, labor power, and surplus value.
2. Information about upcoming research group meetings including exchanging contact details and dividing subtopics.
3. Discussion of David Harvey's definition of "creative destruction" in relation to neoliberalism and the premises of neoliberalism as a theory that promotes free markets and private property.
320f13week5
This document discusses several key concepts related to neoliberalism:
- Neoliberalism is an economic theory that believes market forces maximize well-being if there is a framework of private property, individual liberty, and free markets. The state's role is to create and preserve this framework.
- Keynesianism advocates for state intervention, especially government spending, to stimulate consumption and employment during economic crises. It believes the state must balance market forces.
- Neoliberalism became attached to principles of individual freedom and linked to conservative politics in the 1980s in the US, resulting in partnerships between business elites and the Christian Right.
- Harvey argues neoliberal policies have not increased wealth as claimed
320f14week4
This document covers several topics related to economics and politics, including Marxism, neoliberalism, Keynesianism, and the naturalization and effects of neoliberal policies. It discusses the key ideas behind Marxism, neoliberalism as described by David Harvey, Keynesian state interventionist policies, how neoliberalism became linked to ideas of individual freedom, and examples of neoliberal policies in places like Chile and New York City. It also addresses Harvey's concept of "accumulation by dispossession" and questions about related readings on tourism, consumption, and neoliberalism.
A Brief History of Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism - the doctrine that market exchange is an ethic in itself, capable of acting as a guide for all human action - has become dominant in both thought and practice throughout much of the world since 1970 or so. Its spread has depended upon a reconstitution of state powers such that privatization, finance, and market processes are emphasized. State interventions in the economy are minimized, while the obligations of the state to provide for the welfare of its citizens are diminished., David Harvey, author of The New Imperialism and The Condition of Postmodernity , here tells the political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage. While Thatcher and Reagan are often cited as primary authors of this neoliberal turn, Harvey shows how a complex of forces, from Chile to China and from New York City to Mexico City, have also played their part. In addition he explores the continuities and contrasts between neoliberalism of the Clinton sort and the recent turn towards neoconservative imperialism of George W., Bush. Finally, through critical engagement with this history, Harvey constructs a framework not only for analyzing the political and economic dangers that now surround us, but also for assessing the prospects for the more socially just alternatives being advocated by many oppositional movements.
Classical development theory
The document summarizes several classical theories of economic development:
1) Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and J.S. Mill believed that economic growth would slow or stop due to increasing population and limited resources.
2) Thomas Malthus argued that population growth alone does not lead to development and that capital accumulation is necessary for continued growth.
3) Walt Rostow proposed a model of economic growth occurring in five stages: traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption.
4) John Stuart Mill viewed economic development as dependent on land, labor, and capital, and distinguished between productive and unproductive consumption.
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Classical and Neo Classical Economics
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320f15week5
1. The document discusses key concepts from Marxism such as class struggle, labor power, and surplus value.
2. It then examines David Harvey's definition of "creative destruction" as the process by which continuous innovation devalues past investments and labor skills through capital circulation, exacerbating instability.
3. Neoliberalism is discussed as a theory that markets maximize well-being through private property, liberty, and free markets/trade, with the state's role being to maintain this framework.
320f16 week5
This document covers several topics related to globalization, culture, and neoliberalism including:
1. A brief overview of key concepts in Marxism such as class struggle, commodity, labor power, and surplus value.
2. Information about upcoming research group meetings including exchanging contact details and dividing subtopics.
3. Discussion of David Harvey's definition of "creative destruction" in relation to neoliberalism and the premises of neoliberalism as a theory that promotes free markets and private property.
320f13week5
This document discusses several key concepts related to neoliberalism:
- Neoliberalism is an economic theory that believes market forces maximize well-being if there is a framework of private property, individual liberty, and free markets. The state's role is to create and preserve this framework.
- Keynesianism advocates for state intervention, especially government spending, to stimulate consumption and employment during economic crises. It believes the state must balance market forces.
- Neoliberalism became attached to principles of individual freedom and linked to conservative politics in the 1980s in the US, resulting in partnerships between business elites and the Christian Right.
- Harvey argues neoliberal policies have not increased wealth as claimed
320f14week4
This document covers several topics related to economics and politics, including Marxism, neoliberalism, Keynesianism, and the naturalization and effects of neoliberal policies. It discusses the key ideas behind Marxism, neoliberalism as described by David Harvey, Keynesian state interventionist policies, how neoliberalism became linked to ideas of individual freedom, and examples of neoliberal policies in places like Chile and New York City. It also addresses Harvey's concept of "accumulation by dispossession" and questions about related readings on tourism, consumption, and neoliberalism.
A Brief History of Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism - the doctrine that market exchange is an ethic in itself, capable of acting as a guide for all human action - has become dominant in both thought and practice throughout much of the world since 1970 or so. Its spread has depended upon a reconstitution of state powers such that privatization, finance, and market processes are emphasized. State interventions in the economy are minimized, while the obligations of the state to provide for the welfare of its citizens are diminished., David Harvey, author of The New Imperialism and The Condition of Postmodernity , here tells the political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage. While Thatcher and Reagan are often cited as primary authors of this neoliberal turn, Harvey shows how a complex of forces, from Chile to China and from New York City to Mexico City, have also played their part. In addition he explores the continuities and contrasts between neoliberalism of the Clinton sort and the recent turn towards neoconservative imperialism of George W., Bush. Finally, through critical engagement with this history, Harvey constructs a framework not only for analyzing the political and economic dangers that now surround us, but also for assessing the prospects for the more socially just alternatives being advocated by many oppositional movements.
Classical development theory
The document summarizes several classical theories of economic development:
1) Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and J.S. Mill believed that economic growth would slow or stop due to increasing population and limited resources.
2) Thomas Malthus argued that population growth alone does not lead to development and that capital accumulation is necessary for continued growth.
3) Walt Rostow proposed a model of economic growth occurring in five stages: traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption.
4) John Stuart Mill viewed economic development as dependent on land, labor, and capital, and distinguished between productive and unproductive consumption.
Financialization and Social Justice
The document discusses the historical development of capitalism. It states that capitalism is first and foremost a historical social system that involves the widespread commodification of processes like production, distribution, and investment that were previously not conducted via markets. Historical capitalism also involved the integration of separate forms of capital like merchants' capital and money capital into a capitalist mode of production. Over the last 25 years, capitalism has seen the increased mobility of capital and the rise of finance as a driving force, accelerating the buildup of debt in economies. Financialization refers to the growing importance of financial markets, motives, institutions, and elites in the operation of economies.
Classical and Neo Classical Economics
Classical and Neoclassical Economics developed out of the Enlightenment period in Europe. Classical economists like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus analyzed economies based on theories like the labor theory of value, comparative advantage, and populations growth. They viewed economies as self-regulating systems driven by individuals pursuing self-interest. Neoclassical economics built on these foundations with assumptions of rational behavior, market equilibrium from supply and demand, and utility maximization. Both approaches remain influential but face criticisms like oversimplifying human behavior and the real-world complexity of economies.
320sp15weeks5and6
The document covers several topics related to globalization, culture, labor, and consumption including:
1) A brief overview of Marxism including concepts like class struggle, proletariat, bourgeoisie, commodity, labor power, wage labor, and surplus value.
2) A discussion of neoliberalism and its premises according to David Harvey including the role of markets, private property, and limiting the state's role.
3) A description of Keynesianism and the philosophy of the social welfare state involving state intervention and spending on programs like education and health.
4) Harvey's argument that neoliberal policies have redistributed wealth to a smaller elite class rather than generating greater overall wealth.
Dualism
Dualism refers to the state of having two main parts or aspects. Dualism theories assume a split between two sectors of an economy - a traditional subsistence sector focused on small-scale agriculture and handicrafts, and a modern sector focused on capital-intensive industry and export agriculture. Economic dualism broadly refers to the coexistence of two or more separate economic systems within one country, divided by different levels of development and technology. Dual economies are common in less developed countries, where one sector serves local needs and another exports globally.
Chapter4
The document discusses four classic theories of economic development:
1) The linear-stages-of-growth model viewed development as a series of successive stages all countries must pass through, with the key being increasing investment and growth.
2) Structural-change theories focused on the internal process of changing economic structures as countries industrialize.
3) Dependence theories emphasized external and internal constraints like exploitation and unequal power relationships that hindered development.
4) Neoclassical theories emphasized the role of free markets and privatization in development and saw lack of development primarily as a result of too much government intervention.
Classical Theory of economic Growth
This document discusses the classical theory of economic growth as put forward by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill in the 18th-19th centuries. It provides definitions of key concepts in classical theory, including that economic growth is driven by accumulation and productive investment of profits, and that wages tend towards subsistence levels in the long run due to population growth. The document also references sources that further explain classical theory and the differences between classical and neoclassical economics.
Autumn 2012, Labor and Globalization -- Concept Pieces
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really a great slide that explains what is called in economics classical school which is led by Adam Smith the father of modern economics.
Historical background of Economics
This document discusses several important economists and economic theories:
1. Adam Smith is described as the "Father of Modern Economics" and his book "An Inquiry Into Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations" emphasized specialization and the free market.
2. Thomas Malthus discussed the effects of rapid population growth and potential famine if population increases outpace food supply.
3. Karl Marx advocated for communism and nationalizing industries to achieve equality, writing "Das Kapital" to explain his views.
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This document provides an overview of various concepts related to economic development, including:
1) Definitions of economic growth and development, characteristics of developing countries, and theories of development such as modernization theory and dependency theory.
2) Core values and modern definitions of development according to thinkers like Sen, including concepts like capabilities and functioning.
3) Characteristics commonly found in developing countries like low incomes, populations, and industrialization.
4) Theories of economic growth and development including linear stages models, structural change models, and international dependence models.
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This document discusses the key concepts of neoliberalism, feminism, and the clash of civilizations. It defines neoliberalism as prioritizing free markets and deregulation. Examples of neoliberal policies in Australia include budget cuts impacting students, pensions, and families. The document also discusses Huntington's theory of a clash between civilizations, and the challenges for the author as a religious Muslim woman living in the West. Finally, it outlines the three waves of feminism and how feminism relates to the author's life as an educated Muslim woman who believes in gender equality.
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The document discusses four classic theories of economic development:
1) The linear-stages-of-growth model proposed by Walt Rostow which viewed development as a series of successive stages all countries must pass through.
2) Theories of structural change which focused on the internal process of structural transformation required for sustained economic growth.
3) Dependence theories which viewed underdevelopment as resulting from exploitative internal and external power structures and institutions.
4) Neoclassical theories which emphasized the role of free markets and viewed underdevelopment as stemming from excessive government intervention. Current approaches draw from all four perspectives.
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Neoliberalism
The document discusses the concept and global impact of neo-liberalism. It notes that neo-liberalism has quietly come to regulate competition in all that we practice and believe. As an example, it provides statistics that show in India, 100 people own assets equal to 25% of GDP, while 800 million live on less than 20 rupees per day. The document aims to promote greater empathy for the less fortunate, raise awareness of socioeconomic issues, and encourage readers to take a moral stand against excessive greed.
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This document provides an overview of transportation and communication systems in India and how they contribute to national economic development. It discusses how transportation helps move raw materials and finished goods, linking India to the world and fueling socioeconomic progress. Communication systems like the internet and telephone allow for seamless information flow. Both transportation and communication have transformed the world into a global village. The document then focuses on personal communication methods like telephone and email, and mass communication channels including radio, television, newspapers, and films that provide information and entertainment across India.
週末は、Jリーグ！（初めての方向け）
週末の楽しみは何ですか？
今ある楽しみに、「Jリーグ観戦」を加えてみませんか？
今回は、まだ観に行ったことがないよ！という方に、
これだけおさえておけば大丈夫という観戦術をご紹介します。
ぜひ、ご覧ください。
http://courslide.org/
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The document covers several topics related to globalization, culture, labor, and consumption including:
1) A brief overview of Marxism including concepts like class struggle, proletariat, bourgeoisie, commodity, labor power, wage labor, and surplus value.
2) A discussion of neoliberalism and its premises according to David Harvey including the role of markets, private property, and limiting the state's role.
3) A description of Keynesianism and the philosophy of the social welfare state involving state intervention and spending on programs like education and health.
4) Harvey's argument that neoliberal policies have redistributed wealth to a smaller elite class rather than generating greater overall wealth.
Dualism
Dualism refers to the state of having two main parts or aspects. Dualism theories assume a split between two sectors of an economy - a traditional subsistence sector focused on small-scale agriculture and handicrafts, and a modern sector focused on capital-intensive industry and export agriculture. Economic dualism broadly refers to the coexistence of two or more separate economic systems within one country, divided by different levels of development and technology. Dual economies are common in less developed countries, where one sector serves local needs and another exports globally.
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The document discusses four classic theories of economic development:
1) The linear-stages-of-growth model viewed development as a series of successive stages all countries must pass through, with the key being increasing investment and growth.
2) Structural-change theories focused on the internal process of changing economic structures as countries industrialize.
3) Dependence theories emphasized external and internal constraints like exploitation and unequal power relationships that hindered development.
4) Neoclassical theories emphasized the role of free markets and privatization in development and saw lack of development primarily as a result of too much government intervention.
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Autumn 2012, Labor and Globalization -- Concept Pieces
This is a series of reading responses I wrote from September 2012 to December 2012 while at CUNY for a labor studies course led by Professor Ian MacDonald, currently at University of Montreal. I am posting them in one document as a set of concept pieces. I may eventually publish a revised version with a full list of bibliographic sources. New articles based on these concept pieces may also follow.
Classical school of economy
really a great slide that explains what is called in economics classical school which is led by Adam Smith the father of modern economics.
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This document discusses several important economists and economic theories:
1. Adam Smith is described as the "Father of Modern Economics" and his book "An Inquiry Into Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations" emphasized specialization and the free market.
2. Thomas Malthus discussed the effects of rapid population growth and potential famine if population increases outpace food supply.
3. Karl Marx advocated for communism and nationalizing industries to achieve equality, writing "Das Kapital" to explain his views.
Advertising, production and consumption as cultural economy
This presentation is based on the relation between culture sensitive advertising and the relation between production, consumption and cultural economy
Theories of Economic Development
Class of the course of Development and Sustainability, Federal University of ABC, October 2021
Recorded video at: https://youtu.be/RB-pQnQXRSQ
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This document provides an overview of various concepts related to economic development, including:
1) Definitions of economic growth and development, characteristics of developing countries, and theories of development such as modernization theory and dependency theory.
2) Core values and modern definitions of development according to thinkers like Sen, including concepts like capabilities and functioning.
3) Characteristics commonly found in developing countries like low incomes, populations, and industrialization.
4) Theories of economic growth and development including linear stages models, structural change models, and international dependence models.
Neoliberalism, politics and society
This document discusses the key concepts of neoliberalism, feminism, and the clash of civilizations. It defines neoliberalism as prioritizing free markets and deregulation. Examples of neoliberal policies in Australia include budget cuts impacting students, pensions, and families. The document also discusses Huntington's theory of a clash between civilizations, and the challenges for the author as a religious Muslim woman living in the West. Finally, it outlines the three waves of feminism and how feminism relates to the author's life as an educated Muslim woman who believes in gender equality.
World systems theory
This document provides an overview of world systems theory, which examines how structures shape the flow of people, goods, and ideas globally. It discusses key concepts such as the core, semi-periphery, and periphery of the global economic system. World systems theory views the global economy as a single world-economy larger than any political unit, with economic relations between parts being most important. It also examines resistance to the world system, modernity, global flows of different types, and the central role of media and cultural imagination.
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The document discusses four classic theories of economic development:
1) The linear-stages-of-growth model proposed by Walt Rostow which viewed development as a series of successive stages all countries must pass through.
2) Theories of structural change which focused on the internal process of structural transformation required for sustained economic growth.
3) Dependence theories which viewed underdevelopment as resulting from exploitative internal and external power structures and institutions.
4) Neoclassical theories which emphasized the role of free markets and viewed underdevelopment as stemming from excessive government intervention. Current approaches draw from all four perspectives.
Wallerstein's World Systems Analysis
This document summarizes Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory, which divides the world into three categories: the core, semi-periphery, and periphery. It states that Wallerstein viewed the world as a single global economy in the 1400s-1600s. Examples are provided of different countries' placement within this system, such as England in the core and Poland in the periphery. Both strengths and weaknesses of the theory are discussed, such as its inability to categorize all countries and changing applicability over time.
Entreprenuership
The document defines entrepreneurship from several perspectives. Knight (1921) saw it as bearing uncertainty and risk to earn profits. Schumpeter (1934) defined it as carrying out new combinations like new products or markets. More recent definitions see it as identifying opportunities and coordinating resources innovatively (Casson 1982, Venkataraman 2000). Entrepreneurship requires certain conditions like freedom and a prosperous economy. It can change the environment through creativity and transforming simple ideas. Successful entrepreneurs have good technical skills and strong management abilities.
History of Economic Thought
This document provides an outline of the history of economic thought from Adam Smith and the classical political economists in the 18th century to contemporary thinkers. It summarizes the key ideas and works of influential economists such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, Milton Friedman, Amartya Sen, and Thomas Piketty and the schools of thought they represented, including classical economics, marginalism, Keynesian economics, monetarism, and debates around inequality. The document traces the evolution of economic ideas and chronicles how economic theory has developed in response to historical conditions and events.
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World systems theory argues that underdeveloped countries are poor not due to their own histories or characteristics, but because of their position in the global capitalist system. Core developed countries exploit peripheral poorer nations by maintaining economic and military dominance over them. This allows core nations to extract resources and profits from peripheries while preventing their industrial development. World systems theorists claim international organizations do not challenge this global power structure and peripheries should pursue policies like import substitution and cooperation to resist exploitation by the core. However, critics argue world systems theory's claims are not always supported by evidence and the causes of global inequality may be more complex.
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Dr. Alejandro Diaz-Bautista Economic Policy Import Substitution Dependency Th...
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Neoliberalism
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週末は、Jリーグ！（初めての方向け）
週末の楽しみは何ですか？
今ある楽しみに、「Jリーグ観戦」を加えてみませんか？
今回は、まだ観に行ったことがないよ！という方に、
これだけおさえておけば大丈夫という観戦術をご紹介します。
ぜひ、ご覧ください。
http://courslide.org/
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320f18 week5
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320f17 week5
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Neoliberalism, politics and the state - Political Sociology Week 5
As David Harvey (2006) explains, ‘the theory of neoliberalism... takes the view that individual liberty and freedom are the high point of civilization and then goes on to argue that individual liberty and freedom can best be protected and achieved by an institutional structure, made up of strong private property rights, free markets, and free trade: a world in which individual initiative can flourish. The implication of that is that the state should not be involved in the economy too much, but it should use its power to preserve private property rights and the institutions of the market and promote those on the global stage if necessary.’ In practice, however, as Wendy Brown (2006) describes, neoliberalism occupies the ‘shell of liberalism’. In other words it promotes freedom in name only. Neoliberals oppose state intervention unless it is to protect the freedom of the markets. Therefore, the Welfare State has come under extensive attack in neoliberal societies since the 1970s, while the punitive role of the state has grown. The result is greater inequality for the majority of people. Nevertheless, the emphasis placed on ‘personal responsibility’ in neoliberal discourse is attractive for those who believe that societies fare better when individuals are allowed to work more and pay less taxes. This view does not take into account the persistence of inequalities in terms of class, gender, race, sexuality, and disability in shaping individuals’ ability to participate equally in the market.
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Social Movements for Global Capitalism: The Transnational Capitalist Class in Action
Author(s): Leslie Sklair
Source: Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 4, No. 3, The Direction of Contemporary
Capitalism (Autumn, 1997), pp. 514-538
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
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Reviewv of International Political Economy 4:3 Autumn 1997: 514-538
Social movements for global
capitalism: the transnational capitalist
class in action
Leslie Sklair
London School of Economics and Poilitical Science
ABSTRACT
The thesis that 'Capitalism does not just happen' is argued with reference
to Gramsci, hegemony and the critique of state centrism. This involves a
critique of the assumption that ruling classes rule effortlessly, and raises
the issue: Does globalization increase the pressures on ruling classes to
deliver? Global system theory is outlined in terms of transnational
practices in the economic, political, and culture and ideology spheres
and the characteristic institutional forms of these, the transnational
corporation, transnational capitalist class and the culture-ideology of
consumerism. The transnational capitalist class is organized in four over-
lapping fractions: TNC executives, globalizing bureaucrats, politicians and
professionals, consumerist elites (merchants and media). Social movements
for global capitalism and elite social movement organizations (ESMOs) are
analysed. Each of the four fractions of the TCC has its own distinctive
organizations, some of which take on social movement-like characteristics.
KEYWORDS
Globalization; capitalism; class; Gramsci; social movements; TNC.
I CAPITALISM DOES NOT JUST HAPPEN
The focus of social movement research, old and new, has always and
quite properly been on anti-establishment, deviant and revolutionary
movements o.
Konsep Pembangunan Ekonomi
This document provides information about a development administration program at Universitas Pasundan in Bandung, Indonesia, including contact details and recommended readings. It discusses definitions of development, including early conceptualizations focused on economic growth and increasing per capita income, as well as later approaches considering additional factors like unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Key theories of economic and development thinking are summarized, such as Harrod-Domar, structural change models, dependence theory, neoclassical growth models, and new endogenous growth theory. Paradigms of development thinking, including classic, neoliberal, social, and sustainable approaches, are also outlined.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)
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The Making of the Global Working Class
1. Established networks and international communities of 'interlockers' who bridge labour, radical knowledge, and social justice struggles have converged with free information/knowledge, culture, and economy communities.
2. This convergence has led to the political manifestation of movements like FLOSS, hackers' ethics, and telekommunism, as well as groups like Anonymous, LulzSec, Wikileaks, and Pirate Bay.
3. New forms of international labour communication and organizing have emerged, including projects like Unionbook and the New Unionism Network, as well as collaborative actions and global solidarity conferences.
Tasa presentation flew nov 2012
This document outlines six theories of neoliberalism that were presented in a conference paper. The theories are: 1) Neoliberalism as an all-purpose criticism, 2) Neoliberalism as "the way things are", 3) As a feature of Anglo-American capitalism, 4) As the dominant ideology of global capitalism, 5) As a new form of government and social control, 6) As a historical variant of liberal thought. The document then provides examples and criticisms for several of the theories.
Be 4 & 5
The document discusses various topics related to social changes, economic systems, and development in India. It covers:
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3. Key aspects of India's Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) economic reforms in the 1990s including foreign investment reforms and deregulation.
Radical economists
This presentation introduces few revolutionary economists who changed the direction of Economics. Thorstein Veblen and Conspicuous Consumption. Michal Kalecki and John Galbraith
The Informal Economy: Definitions, Theories and Policies
Introduction It was widely assumed during the 1950s and 1960s that, with the right mix of economic policies and resources, low-income traditional economies could be transformed into dynamic modern economies. In the process, the traditional sector comprised of petty trade, small-scale production, and a range of casual jobs would be absorbed into the modern capitalist or formal economy and, thereby, disappear.
This perspective was reflected in the prediction by W. Arthur Lewis, in the 1954 essay for which he received a Nobel Prize in Economics, that economic development in developing countries would, in the long-term, generate enough modern jobs to absorb surplus labour from the traditional economy. This would lead to a turning point when wages would begin to rise above the subsistence level: what is referred to even today as the “Lewis Turning Point” (Lewis 1954). This perspective was reinforced by the successful rebuilding of Europe and Japan after World War II and the expansion of mass production in Europe and North America during the 1950s and 1960s.
By the mid- 1960s, however, the optimism about the prospects for economic growth in developing countries began to give way to concerns about persistent widespread unemployment. This led development economist Hans Singer to argue in 1970 that he saw no sign of the “Lewis Turning Point” in developing countries. In sharp contrast with the historical experience in developed countries, unemployment and under-employment of various kinds were on the rise in developing countries, even those that were growing economically.
Singer attributed this trend to an imbalance resulting from technological advances: an imbalance between limited creation of jobs due to the extensive use of capital-intensive technology and significant growth in the population—and labour force—due to technological progress in health and disease control. He predicted a persistent “dangerous” dualism in labour markets with high levels of casual and intermittent employment, as well as disguised or open unemployment. He also warned of an employment crisis due to acute land shortage in overcrowded farming communities and an acute job shortage in overcrowded urban communities (Singer 1970).
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The document summarizes key points from the reading "Sudbury: A World Without Prisons" in the upcoming Globalization and Culture class. It discusses how the reading analyzes the expansion of prisons through processes like militarism and neoliberalism. It notes that the reading argues tackling prison expansion requires intersectional, multi-issue organizing. It also summarizes how the reading discusses the prison industrial complex and globalization of prison economies.
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320f17 week6
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320f17 week4
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and capitalism including:
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320f17 week3
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 1. Globalization and Culture Labor & Consumption I Week 5 February 16, 2016
- 2. David Harvey: Neoliberalism What does Harvey mean by creative destruction?
- 3. David Harvey: Neoliberalism The effect of continuous innovation [...] is to devalue, if not destroy, past investments and labour skills. Creative destruction is embedded within the circulation of capital itself. Innovation exacerbates instability, insecurity, and in the end, becomes the prime force pushing capitalism into periodic paroxysms of crisis. [...] The struggle to maintain profitability sends capitalists racing off to explore all kinds of other possibilities. New product lines are opened up, and that means the creation of new wants and needs. [...]. The result is to exacerbate insecurity and instability, as masses of capital and workers shift from one line of production to another, leaving whole sectors devastated [...]. The drive to relocate to more advantageous places (the geographical movement of both capital and labour) periodically revolutionizes the international and territorial division of labour, adding a vital geographical dimension to the insecurity.
- 4. David Harvey: Neoliberalism Premises of neoliberalism as a theory ● market forces will maximize human well- being ● for that to happen, we need an institutional framework of private property rights, individual liberty, free markets, and free trade ● the state’s job is to create and preserve that framework
- 5. Keynesianism ● Named after John Maynard Keynes ● Keynes called for state intervention - especially government spending during economic crisis to raise employment and stimulate consumption ● State has to balance market forces ● Broadly, Keynesianism describes a philosophy that is put in action as “social welfare state” policies ● Social welfare includes state spending on schools, education, health, employment.
- 6. Naturalization of Neoliberalism Neoliberal economic theory becomes attached to principles of individual freedom and liberty ● In US, this takes on an especially strong libertarian tone ● Harvey argues that business elites join forces with the Christian Right (“moral majority”) in the 1980s - what was the result of this partnership?
- 7. Redistributive vs Generative Harvey argues that neoliberal policies have not actually produced greater wealth. Instead, the net result of neoliberal policies has been a redistribution of wealth to a smaller and smaller elite class.
- 9. Accumulation by Dispossession On page 15, Harvey discusses Marx’s notion of “accumulation by dispossession.” What did Marx mean by that term, and how does Harvey update it for the contemporary moment?
- 10. Key Examples ● Chile ● New York City’s fiscal crisis of 1970s ● US invasion of Iraq
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