In human history, all struggles against oppression have always been directed against a clearly identified enemy, be it people, governments or social classes. In the past, the forces opposing the dominant oppressive power fought to conquer the State through which the power passed to be exercised in order to change the political, economic and social reality in which they lived. This is how social revolutions and national independence in many countries of the world happened. In the past, it was easier to mobilize a social class or an entire people against a clearly identified enemy oppressor. In the contemporary era, with the modern totalitarianism, the oppressive enemy is fragmented and acts openly and also subliminally on people's minds.

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HOW TO COMBAT AND DEFEAT THE MODERN TOTALITARIANISM
Fernando Alcoforado *
In human history, all struggles against oppression have always been directed against a
clearly identified enemy, be it people, governments or social classes. In the past, the
forces opposing the dominant oppressive power fought to conquer the State through
which the power passed to be exercised in order to change the political, economic and
social reality in which they lived. This is how social revolutions and national
independence in many countries of the world happened. In the contemporary era, the
oppression imposed by modern totalitarianism does not have a single controller on
which can be allocated responsibilities for the serfdom imposed by it against almost all
human beings as was demonstrated in our article O totalitarismo moderno e a servidão
humana (Modern totalitarianism and human serfdom) published on the website
<http://fernando.alcoforado.zip.net>.
In the past, it was easier to mobilize a social class or an entire people against a clearly
identified enemy oppressor. In the contemporary era, the oppressive enemy is
fragmented and acts openly and also subliminally on people's minds. It is a great
challenge for the oppressed people of the world to organize to fight and defeat an enemy
clearly not set that is present in all parts of the planet and acts globally. There are
several responsible for modern totalitarianism highlighting, among them, the
governments of the major capitalist powers and peripheral and semi-peripheral capitalist
countries associated with them, responsible for the global and national financial system
associated with them, holders entrepreneurs of large multinational companies and
national businessmen associated with them, among others. As the world capitalist
system operates globally networked involving governments, companies, banks and
other organizations, you cannot assign responsibility to only one government or
organization by oppression that spreads throughout the world and affects most of the
world population physical and mentally .
The first step to combat modern totalitarianism is to trigger worldwide a struggle in the
ideological field denouncing the character of neoliberal ideology imposed globally by
the world capitalist system as responsible for the serfdom of almost all human beings.
The second step is to destroy the myth that there isn´t alternative for humanity unless
neoliberal capitalism presenting another development model of society that is its
antithesis. This society development model will be presented in the next chapter under
the title Novo modelo de sociedade a ser edificado no futuro (New model of society to
be built in the future). The third step relates to the characterization in every country of
the world about the enemies to be fought locally and globally from the perspective of
defeating modern totalitarianism. Finally, the fourth step is to establish alliances with
governmental organizations, parties, trade unions and civil society of each country in
the world committed to the struggle against modern totalitarianism aimed at building a
worldwide network of struggle to build a new model of society to contribute to the true
progress of humanity.
The fight against modern totalitarianism is being taken over by what Imannuel
Wallerstein calls anti systemic movements. Imannuel movements (WALLERSTEIN, I.
M. O que significa hoje ser um movimento antissistêmico (What does it mean today to
be a anti systemic movement). In: LEHER, R.; SETÚBAL, M. (Org.). Pensamento
crítico e movimentos sociais: diálogos para uma nova práxis (Critical thinking and
social movements: dialogue for a new práxis). Sao Paulo: Cortez, 2005. p.263-276).

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According to Wallerstein, since the 1960s, the anti systemic movements are divided into
two different types: the so-called social movements and national movements. The social
movements term refers to trade unions and socialist parties, aiming to boost the class
struggle against the bourgeoisie and against capitalism within each national state.
Already the national movements seeking the creation of a national state, by grouping
political units belonging to the nation and independence of States which were
considered oppressive empires of nationality.
Wallerstein, shows that the world situation of these movements in the 1960s were
characterized by coming to power, and they cannot change the world. The conclusion of
the peoples of the world on the performance of socialist and nationalist movements in
the exercise of power was negative. They lost not only their belief that the future would
be glorious, but also confidence in these movements and no longer believe that these
parties would lead them to a more egalitarian world. And because they have lost their
faith in them also lost their faith in the conquest of power of states as a mechanism of
transformation (WALLERSTEIN, 2005). However, Wallerstein states that, since 1968,
there has been a persistent search for a new and better model anti systemic or anti-
capitalist movement, because the old left had failed, for not being successful in applying
the doctrine of revolution. The failure of the old left also happened in the effort made to
promote real economic and social progress in countries where it attained power through
elections as in the case of Brazil, among others.
The labor movement was a founding paradigm of social movements historically
established from 1848 to mid 1960. However, with the disruption that has taken place in
the labor movement around the world, another social movement model came on the
scene over the decades 1970 and 1980. There were four kinds of attempts to anti
systemic or anti-globalization movements, some still in progress: (1) emergence of
multiple Maoism, inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, movements that no
longer exist; (2) the emergence of the New Left, the Greens and other ecological
movements, feminist movements, movements for racial / ethnic minorities, most
notably from the seventies; (3) emergence of human rights organizations movements,
acquiring greater strength from the 1980s; (4) anti-globalization movements, with
greater force from the years 1990. Thus, the anti systemic movements today are
presented in a very different form of movements of the nineteenth and twentieth.
Currently, there are numerous demonstrations against the world capitalist system on a
global scale as a result of the expansion of tensions and deepening of its contradictions.
National liberation movements, proletarian insurgencies, resistance and civilizational
challenges, countercultures, reinvigoration of religiosity are some examples of these
contradictions. In this context, what should be the place of the struggles against modern
totalitarianism? First, you must consider that this incessant struggle against capital the
movements against local and global capitalism must take in practice many forms. Not
always what is at stake is the overthrow of the hegemony of capitalism or attempting to
put into practice the socialist ideals via political parties aimed at the overthrow of
neoliberalism and capitalist hegemony.
The movement against modern totalitarianism should not be reduced only to a counter-
hegemonic movement that has its material basis in the economic sphere. It should be
broader and invade all fields of life as does the modern totalitarianism to impose
globally. Instead of seeking social emancipation through socialism given that we live in
an era marked by the exhaustion of energy aimed at revolutionizing the status quo

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through socialism, it is necessary to adopt, as a transition to a truly progressive and
democratic society in the future, an improved model of social democracy in the
Scandinavian manner in which the interests of capital and civil society are made
compatible with the presence of a neutral state mediator of conflicts. This would be the
way of the transition in order to break with the neoliberal logic.
The political and theoretical issue currently more important in the struggle to build a
better world is that for the construction of an alternative model to the neoliberal model
which already shows clear signs of exhaustion. It is necessary to establish worldwide
discussion of issues related to an alternative social model to the neoliberal model. It is
also necessary to have the conviction that no national development project will be
successful if treated in isolation and is not related to the development of all countries in
coordination on a global scale. We need to focus the effort to destroy the capitalist
world system in place and supplant it by a Social Democratic different system in the
Scandinavian manner preventing it result only adjustments and restoration of the current
capitalist system, attacking partially some of its main defects and only trimming their
more cruel and destructive edges.

Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).