This document discusses the topic of neoliberalism. It provides definitions of neoliberalism as both a set of policies and an ideology. As policies, it involves deregulation, liberalization, and privatization (DLP). As an ideology, it promotes individual freedom and a free market system. The document then gives a brief history of neoliberalism, tracing its rise following economic crises in the 1970s and its spread globally under institutions like the IMF and influence of thinkers like Milton Friedman. It also discusses David Harvey's critique that neoliberalism in practice diverges from its philosophical principles and is used to restore upper class power, such as through "accumulation by dispossession."
The presentation is on neoliberalism in international relations. The emergence of neoliberalism and convergence and difference of neoliberalism and structural realism as well as barriers to international cooperation is presented.
The presentation is on neoliberalism in international relations. The emergence of neoliberalism and convergence and difference of neoliberalism and structural realism as well as barriers to international cooperation is presented.
Session I - Framing the Conversation on Inequality and Development Choices by...KhazanahResearchInstitute
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Session I - Global Poverty and Inequality: A View from the Global Consumption and Income Project
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Session I - Framing the Conversation on Inequality and Development Choices by...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
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Session I - Global Poverty and Inequality: A View from the Global Consumption and Income Project
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Globalization : Concept & Factors affecting globalization & Restraining
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Concepts : International Trade, International Marketing, International Investment, International Management & Global Business
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International Political System and Ideologies
Types of Govt., Economies System, Political System
Principles of International Law
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The tenth principle of Biblical Economics. In this case applied to global economic systems. See the video at www.vimeo.com/vivgrigg This is part of the course on Community Economics at www.wciu.edu/matul taught by Professor Viv Grigg as part f the MA in Transformational Urban Leadership.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Topics:
• What is neoliberalism?
• Neoliberalism as Ideology
• Brief history of neoliberalism
• Harvey’s critique of neoliberalism
3. What is Neoliberalism?
“Neoliberalism is a theory of political economic practices
proposing that human well-being can best be advanced by the
maximization of entrepreneur freedoms within an
institutional framework characterized by private property
rights, individual liberty, unencumbered markets, and free
trade. The state has to be concerned, for example, with the
quality and integrity of money. It must also set up military,
defense, police, and juridical functions required to secure
private property rights and to support freely functioning
markets. Furthermore, if markets do not exist (in areas such as
education, health care, social security, or environmental
pollution), then they must be created, by state action if
necessary. But beyond these tasks the state should not
venture.” (Harvey, 22-23)
4. What is Neoliberalism?
• Neoliberalism as:
– Set of specific policies
– Ideology
• Set of specific policies: D-L-P
– Deregulation (of the economy)
• Ex. Removing government regulations in areas like the environment and finance
– Liberalization (of trade, industry, and finance)
• Ex. Cutting tariffs, lowering trade barriers, removing capital controls on foreign
investment
– Privatization (of state-owned enterprises)
• Ex. selling public companies, esp. in areas like utilities, energy, communication
– Other policies: tax cuts (esp. for businesses and high income earners),
reduction of social service and welfare programs, control of interest
rates by central banks to keep inflation in check (over concerns with
unemployment)
5. Neoliberalism as Ideology?
• What are ideologies?
– “… systems of widely shared ideas and pattered beliefs that are accepted as truth by
significant groups in society” (Steger & Roy, 11)
– “The commonsense way we interpret, live in, and understand the world” (Harvey, 23)
– “For any system of thought to become dominant, it requires the articulation of
fundamental concepts that become so deeply embedded in commonsense
understandings that they are taken for granted and beyond question.” (Harvey, 24)
• Components of neoliberal “ideology”
– Appeals to individual freedom and liberty (Harvey, 24-25)
– Idealized images of consumerist, free market world (Steger & Roy, 11)
– Single global marketplace = better world for all (Steger & Roy, 11-12)
• Ideologies as in the interests of some (but presented as universal)
– “In whose particular interests is it that the state takes a neoliberal stance and in what
ways have those interests used neoliberalism to benefit themselves rather than, as is
claimed, everyone, everywhere?” (Harvey, 24)
6. Neoliberalism in Historical Context
• Some problems with Capitalism
– Capitalism inherently crisis-prone; boom & bust cycles
• Ex. Great Depression (1930s)
– Generates lots of overall wealth but creates inequalities
• Distributional issues
• How to deal with these problems?
– Managed capitalism
• Use government policies to address
– Government spending during recession; curbing inflation during growth
periods; promoting employment
– Social programs and taxes to address inequalities
– Marxism
• Overthrow the whole system
– Neoliberalism
• Crises actually caused by government interference in economy
7. “Golden Age of Managed Capitalism”
• Time period: ~1945-1975
• Associated with high growth rates, low unemployment, low inflation
and prosperity of middle class (esp. in the West)
• A.k.a. “embedded capitalism”; Keynesianism
• Domestic policies:
– Higher taxes (esp. on corporations and wealthy)
– Gov’t social programs – pensions, health care, unemployment benefits,
education
– Publically owned companies (ex. utilities, energy, communication)
– Strength of unions – increases bargaining power of working classes
• International policies:
– International Organizations (GATT, IMF, World Bank)
– Gradual, managed trade liberalization
– Controls on cross border financial flows
• Fixed exchange rates, capital controls
8.
9.
10.
11. Global Economic Crises of 1970s
• 1971: end of global fixed exchange rate system
• 1970s: global economic recession
– Stagflation (high unemployment & high inflation)
• 1973, 1979: oil shocks
• Late 1970s – early 1980s: Third World debt crisis
• Crises leave opening to question managed
capitalism policies
12. Spread of Neoliberal Ideas Globally
• Initial adoption in US & UK (1980s)
– Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher
• Emulation by other governments
– Ex. New Zealand, Mexico, post-apartheid South Africa
– Fall of communism
– Influence of Western (esp. US) economics departments (Chicago School)
• Policies of International Institutions
– Structural Adjustment loans (IMF and World Bank)
• Esp. to Latin American and African countries
– “Washington Consensus”
• Pressure by Multinational Corporations
– “Race to the bottom”
• Military coercion
– Chile, Iraq
13.
14. Globalization & the Neoliberal Era
• Neoliberal era: early 1980s – late 2000s
– Neoliberalism associated with current era of
globalization
• Features of neoliberal era:
1. Broad adoption of D-L-P policies
2. Expansion of global trade
3. Rapid rise in global financial flows
4. Increasing power of Multinational Corporations
5. Rising income inequality
• Still dominant today?
17. Small Group Work
• How does neoliberal philosophy and actual
practice diverge according to Harvey?
• What is Harvey's concept of “accumulation by
dispossession”?
18. Harvey & Neoliberalism
• Neoliberalism as Ideology
– Commonsense; cannot be questioned
• Neoliberalism as project to restore upper class power
• Divergence between neoliberal philosophy and
practices
– Ex. Role/power of state
• Spread and maintenance of neoliberal policies through
state coercion
– Legitimacy of non-democratic channels?
• Accumulation by dispossession