2. Neoliberalism
• The ideology of Neoliberalism
permeates through global political and
social systems resulting in the
prevalence of class interest.
• Neoliberalism as a “theory of political
economic practices proposing that
human well-being can best be
advanced by the maximization of
entrepreneurial freedoms within an
institutional framework characterized
by private property rights, individual
liberty, unencumbered markets and
free trade” (Harvey, 2007). Figure 1. David Harvey (Rivlin-Nadler, 2011)
3. The State
• Market is prioritized over state within Neoliberalism.
• State relationship to Neoliberalism consists of the construction and production of
foundations to establish the goals of removing market encumbrance, free trade and
security of personal liberty grounded on private property (Harvey, 2007).
• The utilization and implementation of bureaucracy as means for state to reinforce
Neoliberal principles (O’Neill, 1986).
Figure 2. Reagan and Thatcher(Verret, 2012)
4. Class
• The implementation of Neoliberal principles exacerbates the
disparities between opposing class interests.
• . The ideology of Neoliberalism has produced conditions for
the formations of a ruling capitalist class through the
implementation of class exclusive ideologies into state
apparatuses (Harvey, 2007).
5. ‘Creative Destruction’ 1
• Privatization: The process of privatization “amounts to the transfer of assets
from the public and popular realms to the private and class-privileged
realms” (Harvey, 2007).
• Financialization: The deregulation of the financial system as a
characteristic of implementation of Neoliberal policy permits the system to
become an instrument for wealth redistribution through “speculation,
predation, fraud and thievery” (Harvey, 2007).
6. ‘Creative Destruction’ 2
• Management of crises: The production of financial crises as
inherent to the financial and capitalist system, creates an
environment which facilitates wealth redistribution on a global
scale (Harvey, 2007). The manipulation of financial crises to
form a surplus in labour capital into low-wage surplus labour
is also attributable to the inherent nature of capitalism as well
as Neoliberalism (Harvey, 2007).
• State redistribution: Reduction in government expenditure
within spheres of social safety nets and through privatizations
of public assets and utilities, which include education,
demonstrate the extent which the state can be complicit in
classist interests (Harvey, 2007).
7. Reference List
• Harvey, D. (2007). Neoliberalism as Creative Destruction. Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 610, NAFTA and
Beyond: Alternative Perspectives in the Study of Global Trade and
Development, pp. 22-44. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/stable/25097888
• O’Neill, J. (1986). The Disciplinary Society: From Weber to Foucault. The
British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 37, No.1 (Mar., 1986), pp.42-60. doi:
10.2307/591050.
• Rivlin-Nadler, M. (2011). david_harvey-150x150 [Image file.] Retrieved
from: http://www.full-stop.net/2011/08/09/blog/max/rsa-animate/
• Verret, C. (2012). Liberalism 2 Reagan Thatcher [Image file.] Retrieved
from:
http://neoliberalismeducation.pbworks.com/w/page/50845304/The%20Rol
e%20of%20the%20Neoliberal%20State
Editor's Notes
17236616 Vincent Brian Quiaem
The ideology of Neoliberalism permeates through global political and social systems resulting in the prevalence and naturalization of capitalist class interest. According to sociologist David Harvey, Neoliberalism can be defined as a “theory of political economic practices proposing that human well-being can best be advanced by the maximization of entrepreneurial freedoms within an institutional framework characterized by private property rights, individual liberty, unencumbered markets and free trade” (Harvey, 2007). It is an ideology of exploitation, which results in the movement of resources away from the masses for the goal of capital accumulation by the elite.
Within a Neoliberal framework, the state and state objectives become subordinate to market and capitalist goals exclusive to a single ruling class. State relationship to Neoliberalism consists of the construction and production of foundations to establish the goals of removing market encumbrance, free trade and security of personal liberty grounded on private property (Harvey, 2007). Through the process of bureaucracy, the relation between state and economy within the system of Neoliberalism is reinforced through the alteration of the state from providing social insurance and security to its citizens, into an instrument of class interest (O’Neill, 1986). As David Harvey expounded, “the government was to create a good business climate rather than look to the needs and well-being of the population at large” (Harvey, 2007), resulting in the prioritization of financial institutions over the well being of citizens (Harvey, 2007).
The implementation of Neoliberal principles exacerbates the disparities between opposing class interests. Through the modification of the state into an instrument to provide the framework for capital accumulation, classist goals are enacted to the exclusion of the masses whom cannot have a stake in direct capital investment. The ideology of Neoliberalism has produced conditions for the formations of a ruling capitalist class through the implementation of class exclusive ideologies into state apparatuses (Harvey, 2007). Any systemic issues within the Neoliberal system to form a lower class through the redistributive aspect of the ideology, have become internalized as being of “personal, cultural [or] political failings” (Harvey, 2007).
David Harvey summarized the “ongoing process of accumulation by dispossession” (Harvey, 2007) which characterize Neoliberalism as consisting of privatization, financialization, crisis management and state redistributions.
Privatization: The commodification and privatization of public assets has been a defining factor of Neoliberalism. A Harvey summarized, the process of privatization “amounts to the transfer of assets from the public and popular realms to the private and class-privileged realms” (Harvey, 2007).
Financialization: According to Harvey, capital managers and owners are able to redistribute wealth to a few at the expense of the masses through stock and credit manipulations (Harvey, 2007). The deregulation of the financial system as a characteristic of implementation of Neoliberal policy permits the system to become an instrument for wealth redistribution through “speculation, predation, fraud and thievery” (Harvey, 2007).
Management of crises: The production of financial crises as inherent to the financial and capitalist system, creates an environment which facilitates wealth redistribution on a global scale (Harvey, 2007). The raising of interests rates for debt payment from countries encumbered to the US, such as Mexico in 1979, forces national structural alterations in order to ward off complete bankruptcy (Harvey, 2007). Wealthier and more capital oriented nations such as the US is then able to pillage foreign economies through the “deployment of its superior financial power under conditions of local crisis” (Harvey, 37). The manipulation of financial crises to form a surplus in labour capital into low-wage surplus labour is also attributable to the inherent nature of capitalism as well as Neoliberalism (Harvey, 2007).
State redistribution: Within a Neoliberal system, the state then becomes an instrument for capital accumulation of the capitalist class. Reduction in government expenditure within spheres of social safety nets and through privatizations of public assets and utilities, which include education, demonstrate the extent which the state can be complicit in classist interests (Harvey, 2007).