3. experimental evaluation& methodology
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This document discusses research methodology and its importance. It defines research methodology as the systematic way researchers approach problems and find answers and conclusions. It notes there are different types of research methodologies and methods. The document outlines the stages of research methodology from defining objectives to sampling strategy to methods and materials to conclusions. It emphasizes the need for careful planning, such as creating a Gantt chart, to address issues that could cause delays and ensure experiments can be completed on schedule.
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This document provides guidance on writing a successful research proposal. It discusses the key components of a proposal such as the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, aims and objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and references. The objective is to describe what will be done, why it should be done, how it will be done, and what results are expected. An effective proposal clearly outlines the research problem, methodology, intended outcomes, and significance of the study. It also demonstrates the qualifications of the research team and feasibility of the budget. Overall, this document serves as a useful guide for developing a well-structured research proposal that persuades reviewers of the study's importance and viability.
Presentation On Sections
This document provides guidance for writing a psychology experiment report. It outlines the key sections that should be included such as the title, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and deadlines. For each section, it describes the types of information that should be included and provides a marking scheme for evaluating the content and quality. The overall purpose is to help students structure their report and understand what is required to receive a high mark.
Presentation On Sections
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Writing Research proposal
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal and outlines its key components. It explains that a research proposal allows researchers to plan their project, review steps, and serve as a guide. The main components include an introduction on the research topic and question/objectives, literature review, methodology, timeline, and ethics considerations. Developing aims, objectives, and hypotheses helps link different aspects of the study and determine how variables will be measured to achieve the proposed goals. Writing a proposal enables researchers to critically evaluate prior work and monitor their project progress.
Research design methods
This document provides guidance on writing the research design and methods section of a grant proposal. It discusses including an overview, describing each specific aim with rationale, design, analysis, and limitations. It emphasizes writing clearly for reviewers, using tables/flowcharts, calculating appropriate sample sizes, including timelines, and addressing difficulties. The goal is to convince reviewers that the proposed studies are feasible and will accomplish the specific aims of the project within the requested timeframe.
protocol writing in clinical research
This document provides an overview of protocol writing for clinical research. It defines a research protocol as outlining the study plan to safely answer research questions while protecting participants. The summary outlines key components of a protocol including objectives, methodology, and management plans. A protocol allows researchers to plan, review steps, and guide the investigation. Developing a protocol requires considering factors like the research question, importance, methods, and resources needed before writing each required component.
NCSC Orientation Programme uhhu2022-23.pptx
- Launched in 1993 by the National Council of Science and Technology Communications and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to promote scientific thinking among students aged 10-17.
- The CSC allows students to identify issues in their community, investigate causes, and propose solutions using the scientific process.
- Students must submit project reports following guidelines on structure, length, and content. Projects involve field work, experiments, and address topics related to the annual theme. The best projects are selected at the school, regional, and national level competitions.
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The document describes the Children's Science Congress (CSC), a program launched in 1993 by the National Council of Science Technology Communications and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. The CSC aims to promote scientific inquiry among students aged 10-17 through hands-on projects focusing on solving societal problems. Eligible projects involve field work, experiments, and use of the scientific method to arrive at solutions. Selected projects are presented at the annual National Children's Science Congress.
Action Research Preparation 2019-Mike R..pptx
The document provides an overview of the key aspects of preparing an action research proposal, including understanding the purpose and processes of action research, determining a research problem, and identifying the benefits of conducting action research. It discusses the various components that should be included in an action research proposal such as the context and rationale, research questions, proposed intervention, research methods, work plan, cost estimates, and plans for dissemination. Templates for an action research proposal and basic research proposal are also presented.
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This document discusses key aspects of conducting research including defining a research topic, writing a research proposal, identifying a research problem, establishing objectives, developing a hypothesis, outlining a methodology, and creating a time frame. A research topic should be focused yet broad enough to find information. A proposal explains the topic, purpose, and approach. The problem forms the basis for data collection and analysis. Objectives and hypotheses contribute to the design and predict findings. The methodology addresses how the research will be carried out. A time frame ensures the project can be completed realistically.
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
This document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1. Formulating the research problem by precisely defining the issue to be studied and determining its significance.
2. Conducting an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3. Developing testable hypotheses to address the research problem.
4. Designing the research methodology including sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis.
5. Collecting and analyzing data to test the hypotheses.
6. Interpreting the findings, conclusions, and limitations to determine how the research adds to knowledge.
The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue to produce generalizable answers.
John A Kufuor Foundation - research.pptx
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This study analyzed 9 liquid foundation samples from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan to determine heavy metal content. The samples were acid digested and analyzed using ICP-MS. All 9 samples contained aluminum and zinc in varying concentrations. The highest aluminum reading was 25.32 mg/l from a sample from Indonesia. Heavy metals in beauty products used daily can accumulate in the body and negatively impact health.
4.1 what's in a literature review
The document discusses literature reviews and the research process. It describes the hourglass model for structuring a literature review with broad context literature at the top narrowing to primary sources relevant to the research problem and knowledge gaps. This focuses the research question which is then widened in the discussion of results. Literature reviews should have breadth, shape, logical flow, appropriate detail, and incorporate primary sources. The key stages of research are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting on one's own practice in an iterative process. Using multiple research methods can strengthen validity and reliability.
1. project briefing DCN5051
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Wet collectors
This document discusses different types of wet collectors used to remove particles from gas streams. It describes impingement scrubbers, which use horizontal plates with small holes to accelerate gas and atomize water droplets to impact particles. Spray towers are also discussed, which use spray nozzles to generate water droplets to impact particles as the gas moves upwards. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided, such as impingement scrubbers handling flammable dusts but creating waste disposal problems, while spray towers have lower pressure drops but mass transfer efficiencies.
Particulate control
The document discusses particulate control group 2 and their gravity and momentum collector. The collector uses settling chambers and louvers to admit air while keeping out rain and noise. Louvers have adjustable or fixed slats that change the direction of gas streams. Larger particles do not change direction and settle in the dead air space, making it a precleaner for more efficient collectors.
Chap 4
This document summarizes different types of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), including tubular, plate, wet, and dry ESPs. Tubular ESPs consist of parallel tubes with electrodes running through them, and are designed to eliminate gaps in particle collection. Plate ESPs use parallel metal plates and wires to collect dry particles in multiple parallel lanes, making them suitable for high gas volumes. Wet ESPs use water sprays to collect sticky or wet particles via scrubbing. Dry ESPs periodically rap collected particles off plates into a hopper for removal from the gas stream.
Centrifugal collectors (2)
This document discusses centrifugal collectors and provides details about cyclones. It lists the group members working on centrifugal collectors and then explains the principle and construction/operation of cyclones. Cyclones use centrifugal force to remove particles from a gas stream by forcing the stream into a vortex. They have advantages like low capital cost and can operate under various conditions, but disadvantages include only working for small particles and high pressure drops. The document also mentions mechanical centrifugal collectors but provides no further information.
Air noise gases
This document provides information on group members and their lecturer for a project on gases and adsorption towers. It lists three group members and their student IDs, and identifies their lecturer. It then provides a brief explanation of the function of an adsorption tower, stating that it separates components of a rising gas using a falling liquid to trap the gas, and is used for purification and processing in various settings. It notes adsorption towers are designed for specific applications to ensure efficient operation.
Air n noise
This document discusses cyclone spray chambers and orifice scrubbers for removing particles from gas streams. Cyclone spray chambers use centrifugal force to permit good separation of droplets and can remove up to 95% of particles over 5 microns. Orifice scrubbers have the gas flow at high velocity through a narrow section into pools of scrubbing liquid before passing through a series of baffles to remove droplets and pollutants through impingement. The document was written by three students for their lecturer on the topic of these gas cleaning devices.
Cyclone
Packed towers are filled with small objects like catalyst particles or absorbents to perform separation processes like absorption, stripping, and distillation. Wet scrubbers describe devices that remove pollutants from gas streams by bringing the polluted gas into contact with a scrubbing liquid, either by forcing it through a liquid pool or other contact method, to remove the pollutant.
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Chapter 8 noise mitigation and measurement
This document discusses noise pollution mitigation and measurement. It explains that noise pollution mitigation aims to reduce noise pollution at its source, control noise pollution sources, and protect receivers from noise pollution. Methods include installing double-paned windows, using noise barriers like walls, and controlling traffic. Noise is measured using sound level meters and dosimeters which measure sound pressure levels and intensities. Proper use and calibration of this equipment allows for effective noise pollution measurement.
Chapter 7 effect of noise pollution
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Chapter 7 effect of noise pollution
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Chapter 6 sources of noise pollution
Industrial activities, transportation, and certain leisure activities are major sources of noise pollution according to the document. Industrial noise comes from machines, impacts, vibrations, and other industrial processes. Transportation noise is generated by vehicles, trains, airplanes, and infrastructure like roads. Leisure noises arise from equipment used for hobbies, sports, festivals, and entertainment events. The document provides examples and details for each source category.
Chapter 5 introduction of noise and noise pollution
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Chapter 4 air pollution control and tecnologies
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Chapter 4 air pollution control and tecnologies
The document discusses various air pollution control technologies. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to identify air pollution control methods for particles and gases and understand technologies like adsorption, absorption and condensation. It then discusses techniques without using devices, such as process changes, fuel switches and good operating practices. The main methods covered are particulate controls like cyclones and fabric filters, and gas controls like adsorption towers. Specific pollutants like SOx, NOx, CO and mercury are also summarized.
Chapter 3 impact of air pollution
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Chapter 2 indoor and outdoor air pollution
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3. experimental evaluation& methodology
- 2. METHODOLOGY
- 3. WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology is a way to find out the result of a given problem on a specific matter or problem that is also referred as research problem. In Methodology, researcher uses different criteria for solving/searching the given research problem. Different sources use different type of methods for solving the problem. If we think about the word “Methodology”, it is the way of searching or solving the research problem. (Industrial Research Institute, 2010).
- 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE In Research Methodology, researcher always tries to search the given question systematically in our own way and find out all the answers till conclusion. If research does not work systematically on problem, there would be less possibility to find out the final result. For finding or exploring research questions, a researcher faces lot of problems that can be effectively resolved with using correct research methodology (Industrial Research Institute, 2010).
- 5. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 6. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 7. STAGE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 9. DESIGN OF SAMPLING 9 Feedback from sampling, analysis and interpretation Select methods for sample preservation Select methods for collecting samples Select appropriate analytical method Select number of samples and time/frequency of sampling Select determinands and sampling positions Definition of objectives
- 10. SAMPLING STRATEGY Samples must be representative of; • the bulk material (body) being sampled • temporal variations • spatial variations Discrete (or Random/Grab) – does not account for variation in spatial environment or time Composite – pooled number of discrete samples Systematic (or Grid/Transect) - a planned sampling strategy to accomplish a specific objective (Pseudo)Continuous – ongoing monitoring to e.g. establish baseline values for the environment and/or evaluate changes
- 11. METHODS & MATERIALS Describe precisely how the experiments are to be done. Proper citations – record author(s), year, journal title, volume, page numbers. Are the experiments ‘DO-ABLE’ here in our laboratories? Discuss with your supervisor! List chemical requirements and place order early!
- 12. WHY NEED PLANNING Prepare a time-line for the project – Gantt chart - must take into account holidays, exams, writing-up, submission dates. Very little time. so preparation must be meticulous – there may not be time for repeat experiments. Experiments must be so designed such that results can be presented either graphically or tabulated and amenable for statistical analyses
- 13. WHY NEED PLANNING (Cont..) Implementation Issues: A lot of assignments, lab reports, mini-projects, site visits, quizzes and tests during semester; Project Title not clear; Project has ≥ 2 Objectives Delays due to: Broken Equipment Strong Demand for Equipment Missing Chemicals Limited Access to Research Journals Limited / no access to Company Data (Confidentiality) Lab not open after working hours Person not contactable.
- 14. WHY NEED PLANNING (Cont..)
- 15. GANTT CHART
- 18. CONCLUSION