Research Methodology, Research Terminologies and Techniques. These slides are based on the lectures delivered in Research Academy Karachi. These are useful for the researchers and academicians.
Quantitative Research: Surveys and ExperimentsMartin Kretzer
- Example lecture of the course "Methods and Theories in Information Systems"
- Target group: students who want to get an impression of the course before joining it
Research Methodology, Research Terminologies and Techniques. These slides are based on the lectures delivered in Research Academy Karachi. These are useful for the researchers and academicians.
Quantitative Research: Surveys and ExperimentsMartin Kretzer
- Example lecture of the course "Methods and Theories in Information Systems"
- Target group: students who want to get an impression of the course before joining it
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7James Neill
This lecture introduces qualitative research and qualitative analysis, overviews the lab report tasks, and summarises Lectures 1 to 7. See also http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=57409703
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7James Neill
This lecture introduces qualitative research and qualitative analysis, overviews the lab report tasks, and summarises Lectures 1 to 7. See also http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=57409703
1 HOW TO LAY OUT A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Title Page .docxoswald1horne84988
1
HOW TO LAY OUT A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Title Page:
Title
Name of student and student number
Name of Supervisor
Course
University
Date of submission
Table of Contents
List of appendices
Acknowledgements
Abstract (100 - 150 words)
The abstract must communicate the essential parts of the research proposal and should follow the same
order as the proposal. It must convince the reader that the study is interesting and important
Chapter 1: Literature review (2100 words)
This section should include an Introduction and short justification for the proposed research study. The
literature review must show evidence of wide reading and analysis, synthesis and evaluation of research
findings
Chapter 2: Methodology (3300 words)
Design
Design refers to how your research study will be conducted and the reasons for your choice of study
methodology. You must label the methodology that you will employ e.g. quantitative – correlational or
qualitative – phenomenological. This methodology must be justified from the research literature. Enough
detail must be presented so that the reader can determine the adequacy of the methods. However, it is
important to remember that your proposal is not a theory paper on research methods. Your proposed
study must be central to the discussion with the research literature offering support to your proposed
choice.
Population / Sample
You will need to provide details of your choice of sampling technique and sample size, as well as details
about the participants (i.e. age, gender, religion, medical conditions, employed, etc). Inclusion and
exclusion criteria must be stated along with the rationale for these decisions.
Methods of data collection
Any materials used in the study should be described in sufficient detail. This must also indicate how the
data will be collected and where possible offer samples of the data tools as an appendix (i.e.
questionnaires, interview schedules, and participant consent letters). Information on how, where and
when the data is to be collected must be given.
Robustness of data collection methods
2
You will need to identify the issues regarding the reliability and validity of any measurement tools to be
employed. Similarly, for those undertaking a qualitative study identify the robustness of the study
(consistency, truthfulness and transferability).
Data analysis
Discuss the methods of analysis. If quantitative data is to be collected and analysed you must indicate the
specific statistical tests to be utilised and the statistical package that will be used (i.e. SPSS Version 11).
If qualitative, you must provide clear guidelines as to how the data will be analysed, identifying the model
of analysis that you will utilise (This section must also address the issue of data management, data
protection, etc.
Pilot study
Explain the purpose of a pilot study and give details of your proposed .
Organisational Leadership
UU-PSY703
Page 1 Organisational Leadership (UU-PSY703)
Organisational Leadership (UU-PSY703)
Assignment 2 Guidelines
Assignment Two: 50% of module marks
Research Proposal Assignment 2
Title: Develop a research proposal evaluating the impact of leadership and culture on the
sustainable development of the 21
st
century organizations.
Word Limit: 3000 words (absolute max 3500)
Assessment Point No: 2 (2 out of 2) 50% of final module mark
Online Submission: End of week 7 (Sunday)
Time: By 11:59 p.m. (23:59 hours) UTC time at the latest.
Important Note: If you miss the deadline, UNICAF rules on late submission/non-submission will
come into effect.
Learning outcomes assessed:
1. Illustrate the ability to evaluate the existing literature, identify potential gaps and propose a
research which examines the relationship between leadership and culture on the sustain how
you understand your research area
2. Demonstrate knowledge, critical evaluation and practical understanding of leadership.
3. Present critical and evidence-based arguments in written form.
Guidelines:
1. Add in depth evidence of advanced research and theories beyond the core readings which
have been provided in the module.
2. The essay should be reported by using the APA referencing format. Full and detailed
“References” section should be included at the end of the essay.
3. The essay should be within the indicated and appropriate word limit. Assignments that overly
exceed the absolute maximum will not be marked.
Organisational Leadership
UU-PSY703
Page 2 Organisational Leadership (UU-PSY703)
4. Your assignment should be word processed; Arial font size 11 or 12 and double- spaced and
numbered pages.
5. Headings (e.g., Introduction/Discussion/Conclusion) should not be included in your final
essay.
Note: Essential information must be included in the body of the essay and will be counted in the
word count. Extra illustrative information may be included in the appendices.
Your essay will be assessed using the Writing Rubric located at the top of the course shell.
Students will decide on the appropriate structure and content but we would expect to see the
following elements:
Introduction: Typically, research proposals are developed by scholars who aim to be funded
for a research project (or as the initial step for getting approval to develop a dissertation).
Despite this being a course assignment, in your introduction you should have a clear
statement of your idea and an examination of the significance of a research problem:
o What is the central research problem?
o What is the topic of study related to that problem?
o What methods should be used to analyse the research problem?
o Why this is an important research, what is its significance?
Literature review: introduce the area of research, review key publications, identify any gaps
in the kn.
ASSIGNMENT 2 - Research Proposal Weighting 30 tow.docxsherni1
ASSIGNMENT 2 - Research Proposal
Weighting: 30% towards final grade
Word limit: 3000 (-/+10%) – text only, excluding tables, appendices, references,
covers page, contents.
This is an individual piece of work
Apply the requirements of the Harvard Referencing System throughout the
report.
Use the structure appearing below:
Research Proposal Specifics
You are about to commence a new research project in a field of your choice.
You are expected to write a report that constitutes a research proposal.
1. Working individually, you will:
- Have chosen a clear and specific research question/ aim/ hypothesis for your research;
- Have contextualised your research question/ aim within the academic literature;
- Understand the philosophical and methodological bases for your research;
- Have a sound method to address the research question/ aim/ hypothesis.
2. Use Harvard style in-text citation and referencing.
3. Do not copy any materials you use word for word unless you identify these sections clearly as
quotations.
4. If you paraphrase any materials, you must identify sources through in-text referencing.
5. This is an individual assignment please do not work closely with anyone else.
6. Write 3000 words (+ or – 10%) excluding the header sheet, cover page, contents page, reference
list, footnotes and appendices.
Marks for criteria: Criteria
10% Focus and Completion Does the proposal
address the set tasks in a meaningful
manner?
20% Research Objective Does the proposal
clearly articulate
20% Synthesis and Soundness Does the
proposal place the research objective in
the context of the relevant academic
literature and any relevant past studies?
Does the discussion demonstrate a
comprehensive understanding of that
literature?
30% Research Methods and Methodology Does
the proposal sensibly outline methods for
accessing sources of data that will address
or answer the research objective? Is the
method consistent with the methodology?
10% Clarity of Approach Is the proposal well
organised, logically constructed and
attentive to the needs of the reader? Does
the timeline include an Gantt chart or key
milestones for research?
10% Mechanical Soundness Is the portfolio
clearly written, spell
Structuring the research proposal
1. Introduction (~200 words)
Explain the issue you are examining and why it is significant.
Describe the general area to be studied
Explain why this area is important to the general area under study (e.g., psychology of
language, second language acquisition, teaching methods)
2. Background/Review of the Literature (~1000 words)
A description of what has already known about this area and short discussion of why the background
studies are not sufficient.
Summarise what is already known about the field. Include a summary of the basic
background information on the topic gleaned from your literature re ...
To prepare for writing the research proposal, identify a topic of milissaccm
To prepare for writing the research proposal, identify a topic of personal and professional interest that is relevant to the early childhood field. Conduct an initial review of the literature and narrow your topic by discussing it with Faculty, colleagues, or fellow students.
Topic of choice - What is teacher perspectives on the effectiveness of RTI in preschool settings
Part 1- research proposal
The 10- to 15-page research proposal must include all of the following components, in order:
Title Page (1 page)
Abstract (1 page)
150- to 200-word summary of the proposal
Introduction (2–3 pages)
The introduction provides the reader with an overview of the literature related to the topic and justifies the need for the research study. The introduction is typically written after completing the literature review.
Your introduction should include:
Your research question and an explanation of the problem your question is designed to explore
A rationale for importance of this topic, including an explanation of the gap in the research literature that your topic will explore
Literature Review (3–6 pages)
discuss RTI strategies implications, effects, research etc.
The main purpose of a literature review is to synthesize current research related to your topic. In addition, the literature review is where you consider the implications of research that has already been published on your research question. Must also include the different RTI techniques
The literature review should include an:
Analysis of the context in which the problem is situated and current thinking about solutions, including the theoretical perspectives presented in the literature and a discussion of the research findings
Explanation of the implications of the research to your research question
Note: Your literature review must include a minimum of five highly relevant , up-to-date and credible resources.
Methodology and Data Collection (2–3pages).
Name the research design you will use (i.e., quantitative design, qualitative design, or mixed method design), and the reasons for your choice. If your study is quantitative or mixed methods, define the independent and dependent variables.Add examples base on US were you will use U.S based school data
Describe the study participant(s) and your sampling process. Discuss any sampling issues/challenges you might encounter.
Describe the data collection method(s) you will use—and what influenced your choice.
Describe any major ethical issue(s) you perceive for your study— and ways you will address ethics.
Describe the benefits, limitations, and challenges you perceive in your study.
References (1-2 pages)
Appendices pages
Part 2- sharing and reflection
The video presentation / PowerPoint must be 7 minutes and include an:
Introduction that explains your research question, how you arrived at the research question, and the methodology
Explanation of how this research can contribute to positive social change in the early childhood field
...
8.0 RESEARCH METHODS These guidelines address postgr.docxpriestmanmable
8.0 RESEARCH METHODS
These guidelines address postgraduate students who have completed course
requirements and assumed to have sufficient background experience of high-level
engagement activities like recognizing, relating, applying, generating, reflecting and
theorizing issues. It is an ultimate period in our academic life when we feel confident
at embarking on independent research.
It cannot be overemphasized that we must enjoy the experience of research process
and not look at it as an academic chore.
To enable such a desired behaviour, these guidelines consider the research process
in terms of the skills and knowledge needed to develop independent and critical
styles of thinking in order to evaluate and use research as well as to conduct fresh
research.
The guidelines should be viewed as briefs which the Research Supervisors are expected
to exemplify based on their own experience as well as expertise.
8.1 Chapter 1 - Introduction
INTRODUCE the subject or problem to be studied. This might require the
identification of key managerial concerns, theories, laws and governmental rulings,
critical incidents or social changes, and current environmental issues, that make the
subject critical, relevant and worthy of managerial or research attention.
• To inform the Reader (stylistically - forthright, direct, and brief / concise),
• The first sentence should begin with `This Study was intended
to’….’ And immediately tell the Reader the nature of the study for the
reader's interest and desire to read on.
8.1.1 The Research Problem
What is the statement of the problem? The statement of the problem or problem
statement should follow logically from what has been set forth in the background of
the problem by defining the specific research need providing impetus for the
study, a need not met through previous research. Present a clear and precise
statement of the central question of research, formulated to address the need.
8.1.2 The Purpose of the Study
What is the purpose of the study? What are the RESEARCH QUESTION (S) of
the study? What are the specific objective (s) of the study? Define the specific
research objective (s) that would answer the research Question (s) of the study.
8.1.3 The Rationale of the Study:
1. Why in a general sense?
2. One or two brief references to previous research or theories critical in structuring
this study to support and understand the rationale.
3. The importance of the study for the reader to know, to fully appreciate the need
for the study - and its significance.
4. Own professional experience that stimulated the study or aroused interest in the
area of research.
5. The Need for the Study - will deal with valid questions or professional concerns
to provide data leading to an answer - reference to literature helpful and
appropriate.
8.1.4 The Significance of the Study:
1. Clearly .
Top of FormAssignment 1Bottom of FormAssignment 3 Researc.docxturveycharlyn
Top of Form
Assignment 1
Bottom of Form
Assignment 3: Research Manuscript Critique Part 1
Please post your assignment by submitting it by the due date assigned to theSubmissions Area. Complete each item listed below for each manuscript.
Step 1: Access the Shared Documents at the bottom of the Course Content Menuin your online classroom.
Step 2: Select the sub-module which pertains to your discipline—Research Articles_Business or Research Articles_Social Sciences.
Step 3: Select Three manuscripts in your area of study to examine throughout this course:
· 1 qualitative study
· 1 quantitative study
· 1 mixed methods study
Critique the manuscripts using the checklists below. You will be using these research articles to help you understand what exactly goes into the research methods for dissertations and other research. Each module you will identify specific elements in these research articles relating specifically to that module. These will serve as great examples for what you will need to do in your own research!
Complete the following research manuscript critique for each selected article.
Manuscript Reference: (Include the APA style Reference here)
Type of Study: (Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods)
Research Topic: (Identify the phenomenon of interest.)
Purpose of the Study: (Briefly, in 1-3 sentences, describe the purpose or significance of the study)
Overarching Research Question or Theory: (What is the primary research question or theory for this study?)
Specific Research Questions/ Philosophical Underpinnings: (Include the specific research questions, hypotheses or philosophical underpinnings for each study.)
All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified 3 research articles using 3 different research designs including: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods.
3
Correctly identified the type of methodology used for each research article selected.
3
Identified the research topic for each study.
3
Described the purpose or significance of each study.
6
Identified the overarching research question or theory for each study.
6
Identified specific research questions, hypotheses, or philosophical underpinnings for each study.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate examples and references from texts, Web sites, and other references or personal experience. Followed APA rules for attributing sources.
6
Total:
39
Assignment 2
Assignment 2: Formulating Research Questions
The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate how the research question informs the choice of methodology. Formulate your research question or theory (for some qualitative work) and identify which type of methodological approach would best answer your question: Quantitative, ...
1. Title Try to give your research a tile that describes what you were investigating. ‘An investigation into the effect of chunking on recall.’ ‘An investigation into the effect of category headings on recall.’
2. Abstract A summary of your general aims, method, participants, results and conclusions. Write it last – you won’t know your conclusions until you have finished your experiments and analysed your results. This should only be one paragraph long.
3. Introduction This section explains the theoretical setting for your work and the reasons for your choice of method. You should include Background to the general area of study – memory, Atkinson and Shiffrins model Previous research carried out in your particular area – context dependent, imagery etc How your investigation relates to the previous research i.e. What are you doing differently?
4. Mark allocation Introduction 1 – inclusion of relevant theory No background evidence is presented. (0) Anecdotal evidence is presented as background to the investigation. (1-2) The introduction contains some appropriate psychological concepts, theories and/or terminology. (3-4) Relevant psychological concepts, theories and terminology are presented clearly. (5-6)
6. Mark allocation Introduction 2 – aims and hypothesis No statement of the aim or hypothesis of the investigation. (0) A statement of the aim or hypothesis is given. (1) Statement of aim and hypothesis is given. (2) A clear concise aim and hypothesis are stated, and are related to the psychology presented in the introduction. (3)
7. Method This section should be divided into the following sections Design – state the type of investigation (lab experiment, quasi experiment, observation, questionnaire) what design you used for this (independent measures, repeated measures, matched pairs) and say why.
8. Method Participants – state the type of sampling method used and why and also the details of your participants including how many there were, age range, gender, and occupation (students)
9. Method Materials – list the materials that you used including a stopwatch , word lists, instructions etc. Also describe why you used the words or pictures on your lists. Put a copy of your lists, instructions, consent form and debrief statement at the back of your report as appendices
10. Method Procedure – Describe how you conducted your experiment. Use the past tense eg. ‘I gave out’ or ‘I asked the participants’. Say where the experiment took place and the time of day. Say how you scored your results eg. Gave 1 point for each word correctly recalled. It may help to use numbered bullet points to show what you did at each step of the experiment.
11. Mark allocation Method 1 – use of appropriate psychological methods Nature of the investigation is not clear. (0) Nature of the investigation is evident from the report. (1) Attempts made to state design of investigation and to identify some of the procedures and factors involved in setting up the investigation. (2) Design correct. Attempts made to justify it. Section written up correctly identifying procedures, participants, variables, controls. Not enough detail given for method to be capable of replication (3-4) Design correct and justified. Enough details given for method to be capable of replication. (5-6)
12. Method Procedure cont – Write this section so that someone reading it could repeat exactly what you did. Describe any ethical considerations that you had to make.
13. Mark allocation Method 2 – Ethical collection of information No application of ethical issues in methodology (0) Candidate demonstrates an awareness of ethical issues in the research (1) candidate demonstrates an awareness of ethical issues and explains what ethical considerations have been applied. (2) Candidate demonstrates an awareness of ethical issues by explaining in detail how they have been correctly applied to the investigation. (3)
14. Results Present these as visually as possible, but also describe the data you obtained. Label your tables and graphs clearly. Measures of central tendency such as means, medians, or modes are also useful to show the direction of your results. Explain what your results mean in the context of your hypothesis. Eg. ‘these results support my experiment hypothesis.....’
15. Mark allocation Results – organised presentation of data No findings have been recorded. (0) Data has been collected and the findings are presented with some degree of clarity. (1-2) Appropriate descriptive statistics such as means, medians, modes and ranges, graphs and/or tables have been used to summarise the data. (3-4) Appropriate descriptive statistics, graphs and/or tables have been used to summarise the data. There is brief statement which highlights the main findings. (5-6) Data is presented logically in appropriate graphs and/or tables. The findings are well summarised and the main conclusions are clearly evident from the analyses provided. There is a statement which highlights the main findings and which clearly links them to the aims/hypothesis of the investigation. (7-8)
16. Discussion In this section the following questions should be considered: What do the results mean? How do the results relate to the aim and/or the hypothesis? How do the results relate to the theory that was described in the introduction? Do the results agree with, or challenge, the theory in any way?
17. Discussion What modifications, if any, can be suggested to the theory in the light of this study? What criticisms, if any, can be made of the method that was used? choice of design? choice of sample? choice of materials? choice of procedure? choice of location? choice of controls?
18. Discussion If the method had been improved in some way, how would this have affected the results? Were there any confounding variables? Were there any ethical issues raise during the study? Suggestions for further research?
19. Mark allocation Discussion 1 – drawing inferences from results No discussion of the findings. (0) Candidate is able to extract one appropriate conclusion from the reported results. (1) Candidate can draw inferences from the data, and is able to relate one of these to the aims, hypotheses or background theory. (2-3) Candidate can draw inferences from the data, and is able to show how these relate to both the aims/hypotheses of the investigation and to the background theory. (4-5)
20. Mark allocation Discussion 2 – recognition of bias and limitations of the investigation No reference is made to bias or limitations of the investigation, or to any improvements. (0) Reference is made to one limitation or source of bias in the investigation or to any possible improvements. (1-2) Candidate recognises bias in the information collected and provides an explanation of the way in which this may have affected the results. Suggestions for improvements to the investigation are provided. (3-4)
21. Mark allocation Presentation of report and quality of written communication The report shows no organisation. Poor spelling and a limited range of appropriate technical terms are used. (0-1) Candidate has used appropriate sections within the report. Language is clear, with attempts to distinguish relevant material and to assemble a limited argument. Specialist language is used correctly. (2-3) The candidate has used the sections of the report appropriately. There is good quality of expression throughout, with all specialist terms used with a high degree of precision. Very clear written expression. (4-5)
22. Deadlines Friday will be the last chance to work on your coursework in class. 1st draft is due on Monday 26th Jan (next Monday) Marked 1st draft will be returned by 12th February Final hand in date is Monday 2nd March