This document discusses noise pollution mitigation and measurement. It begins by explaining the goals of understanding noise pollution mitigation strategies to reduce noise at its source or protect receivers, as well as measuring noise pollution levels. It then provides details on various noise mitigation techniques including barriers, traffic control methods, and architectural acoustic designs. Noise measurement procedures and equipment like sound level meters and dosimeters are also outlined. Key steps include calibrating devices, taking measurements at specific distances and heights, and accounting for environmental conditions.
Chapter 8 noise mitigation and measurementNoor Farahin
This document discusses noise pollution mitigation and measurement. It explains that noise pollution mitigation aims to reduce noise pollution at its source, control noise pollution sources, and protect receivers from noise pollution. Methods include installing double-paned windows, using noise barriers like walls, and controlling traffic. Noise is measured using sound level meters and dosimeters which measure sound pressure levels and intensities. Proper use and calibration of this equipment allows for effective noise pollution measurement.
An overview of noise pollution and control is presented, w.r.t. sources, impacts on human life, and mitigation/ control measures. Mining is a hazardous profession, numerous health impact on the miners. Hearing Impairment is one of the major health problems phased on a day to day basis in both open cast (o/c) and underground (u/g) Mines worldwide. But o/c mine is key as it is highly mechanized these days. Thus, this presentation provides basic information w.r.t. noise pollution and control in mines.
This document discusses noise pollution, including defining noise and sound, sources of noise pollution like traffic, industries, and construction, effects of noise pollution like physical, physiological and psychological impacts, and methods to control noise pollution such as reducing it at the source, acoustic zoning, legislative measures, and sound insulation during construction.
This document is the ninth edition of the Handbook of Noise Measurement by Arnold P.G. Peterson. It provides an introduction to and overview of concepts related to sound, noise, vibration measurement and noise control. Key topics covered include definitions of sound, noise, vibration and related terms like frequency, decibel and power level. Typical noise levels are given for common environments and sources. The book aims to help users understand noise measurement and how to apply these measurements to solve noise problems.
This document discusses noise pollution, including its definition, sources, measurement, effects on the environment and humans, monitoring devices, and methods for control and prevention. It defines noise pollution as unwanted sound that penetrates the environment from an external source. Major sources listed include street traffic, railroads, airplanes, and construction. Measurement units and health impacts are also summarized, along with legislative guidelines and strategies for noise control, including reducing noise at the source, blocking transmission paths, and using protective equipment.
Chapter 5 introduction of noise and noise pollutionNoor Farahin
The document discusses introduction to noise and noise pollution. It defines noise pollution and sound, and describes the properties of sound including frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed and intensity. It discusses standards for noise pollution from the World Health Organization and Department of Safety and Health in Malaysia. It also addresses noise pollution levels, noise measurement using decibels, and sound pressure level and frequency.
This document discusses noise pollution, including its sources and impacts. It defines noise and sound, and explains that noise originates from human activities like urbanization, transportation, and industry. It identifies common sources of noise pollution such as households, transportation, construction sites, and industrial and social activities. The document also outlines the health and environmental impacts of noise pollution and methods for controlling noise at its source and along transmission paths.
Chapter 8 noise mitigation and measurementNoor Farahin
This document discusses noise pollution mitigation and measurement. It explains that noise pollution mitigation aims to reduce noise pollution at its source, control noise pollution sources, and protect receivers from noise pollution. Methods include installing double-paned windows, using noise barriers like walls, and controlling traffic. Noise is measured using sound level meters and dosimeters which measure sound pressure levels and intensities. Proper use and calibration of this equipment allows for effective noise pollution measurement.
An overview of noise pollution and control is presented, w.r.t. sources, impacts on human life, and mitigation/ control measures. Mining is a hazardous profession, numerous health impact on the miners. Hearing Impairment is one of the major health problems phased on a day to day basis in both open cast (o/c) and underground (u/g) Mines worldwide. But o/c mine is key as it is highly mechanized these days. Thus, this presentation provides basic information w.r.t. noise pollution and control in mines.
This document discusses noise pollution, including defining noise and sound, sources of noise pollution like traffic, industries, and construction, effects of noise pollution like physical, physiological and psychological impacts, and methods to control noise pollution such as reducing it at the source, acoustic zoning, legislative measures, and sound insulation during construction.
This document is the ninth edition of the Handbook of Noise Measurement by Arnold P.G. Peterson. It provides an introduction to and overview of concepts related to sound, noise, vibration measurement and noise control. Key topics covered include definitions of sound, noise, vibration and related terms like frequency, decibel and power level. Typical noise levels are given for common environments and sources. The book aims to help users understand noise measurement and how to apply these measurements to solve noise problems.
This document discusses noise pollution, including its definition, sources, measurement, effects on the environment and humans, monitoring devices, and methods for control and prevention. It defines noise pollution as unwanted sound that penetrates the environment from an external source. Major sources listed include street traffic, railroads, airplanes, and construction. Measurement units and health impacts are also summarized, along with legislative guidelines and strategies for noise control, including reducing noise at the source, blocking transmission paths, and using protective equipment.
Chapter 5 introduction of noise and noise pollutionNoor Farahin
The document discusses introduction to noise and noise pollution. It defines noise pollution and sound, and describes the properties of sound including frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed and intensity. It discusses standards for noise pollution from the World Health Organization and Department of Safety and Health in Malaysia. It also addresses noise pollution levels, noise measurement using decibels, and sound pressure level and frequency.
This document discusses noise pollution, including its sources and impacts. It defines noise and sound, and explains that noise originates from human activities like urbanization, transportation, and industry. It identifies common sources of noise pollution such as households, transportation, construction sites, and industrial and social activities. The document also outlines the health and environmental impacts of noise pollution and methods for controlling noise at its source and along transmission paths.
Control of industrial noise and protectionhiten patel
Industrial noise can be controlled through several methods: 1) Reducing noise at its source by repairing old machines or adding vibration dampers. 2) Enclosing noisy machines in isolated rooms with sound absorbing materials. 3) Absorbing remaining noise using sound absorbing walls, high ceilings, and empty space near machines. 4) As a last resort, workers should wear protective ear equipment like plugs or muffs when near high noise machines, as excessive noise can cause health issues.
Noise pollution comes from various sources like industrial activities, transportation, construction, and domestic settings. It can negatively impact human health by causing hearing loss, cardiovascular issues, learning problems, and psychological stress. The document outlines different types and measurement of noise pollution and strategies to control noise and protect human health such as reducing sound levels, interrupting noise transmission, and protecting receptors through awareness and preventive measures.
The document discusses noise pollution, including its measurement, sources, effects, and control. It defines sound and noise, and explains how sound is measured in units such as frequency, intensity, and decibels. Common sources of noise pollution like traffic, construction, and industrial activities are identified. The effects of noise on hearing, health, communication, and work are outlined. Standards for acceptable noise limits in different areas are provided. Finally, the document discusses approaches to control noise pollution through modifications to noise sources, transmission paths, and receivers.
Noise pollution can negatively impact human health and the environment in several ways. It is defined as unwanted and disturbing sounds that disrupt normal activities or cause harm. Common sources include vehicles, construction equipment, and industrial operations. Effects range from temporary hearing loss and sleep disruption to long-term cardiovascular problems. Reducing noise pollution involves identifying sound sources, modifying noisy machinery, adding sound barriers, and providing protective equipment for workers.
Here are the solutions to the assigned problems from Chapter 15 of Davis and Masten:
15-2) A sound level meter reading of 75 dB is measured. What is the sound intensity level in dB?
Answer: Since sound intensity level is defined as 10log(I/I0) where I0 = 10-12 W/m2, and a sound level of 75 dB corresponds to an intensity of 10-12 W/m2, the sound intensity level is also 75 dB.
15-4) The sound level from a source is 65 dB. What is the sound level 6 feet from the source if the intensity decreases as the inverse square of the distance?
Answer: Using the formula that intensity decreases
Though, noise is a controllable entity of the environment, on several occasions it is found to be uncontrollable and create severe impacts on life and induce unpleasant circumstances.
Noise pollution is a public nuisance to the environment.
Control of noise pollution BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses different methods for controlling noise levels, including suppression at the source, path control, and protecting personnel. It describes approaches like enclosing loud machinery, installing barriers, absorbing sound through porous materials, isolating vibrations, and using mufflers to reduce transmission. The ideal noise absorber has properties like a high noise reduction coefficient, strength, smooth surface, fireproofing, lack of odor, and good light reflectivity.
Noise pollution and its control BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses noise pollution and its effects. It defines noise as unwanted sound and notes that sounds between 20-20,000 Hz are audible to humans. Prolonged exposure to noise can cause hearing loss, stress, and other health issues. Common sources of noise pollution are construction, traffic, and industrial equipment. The document recommends identifying noise risks, using engineering controls to reduce noise, administering hearing tests, and wearing protective equipment like earplugs in high noise areas to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
This document provides instructions for performing noise measurements on large machines like generators and motors. It outlines the objective to establish a noise statistic for all machines in the division. The scope specifies that the procedure applies to all organizational units, and measurements will be done on each generator during commissioning. Definitions, equipment used, measurement procedures, and sample measurement plans are described in detail. Deviations from the procedure require a nonconformity report. The document is the property of PNG Power and not to be shared externally without permission.
The document discusses noise pollution, its sources, effects, and measures for prevention. It identifies major sources of noise pollution as household activities, social events, commercial/industrial activities, and transportation. Noise from industries, construction sites, vehicles, and agricultural machinery can harm hearing and health. Prevention measures include limiting noisy activities near settlements, proper vehicle maintenance, and soundproofing buildings.
This document discusses noise and vibration in occupational settings. It defines noise and vibration, describes how they are measured, and outlines their common sources and health effects. For noise, common sources include industrial facilities and transportation. Prolonged exposure can cause hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, and stress. Vibration is caused by imbalanced rotating parts and friction in machines. It is measured by its effect on the hand, arm, or whole body. Long-term exposure is linked to hand-arm vibration syndrome and other neurological and vascular issues. Both noise and vibration can be controlled through engineering solutions like dampers, isolation, and maintenance along with personal protective equipment and limiting exposure time.
The document summarizes an experiment to measure noise levels from various sources like air conditioners and chillers at different distances on a university campus. Noise levels were measured at 1m and 4m from each source in locations like the library, café, and outside laboratories. The results found that noise levels decreased with distance from the source and were below the limit of 80dBA, indicating the university area is safe without risk of noise-induced hearing loss. Existing noise controls like grass barriers and enclosed spaces were also found to help reduce noise levels from sources.
Environmental Engineering (What is noise pollution)Latif Hyder Wadho
Any unwanted sound that penetrates the environment is considered noise pollution, which comes from sources like street traffic, construction, airplanes, and consumer products. The normal tolerance level for noise is 80dB, with sounds above or below being pollution. Noise pollution can damage hair cells in the ear and lead to irreversible hearing loss over time. It also increases blood pressure and interferes with animal behaviors. Governments have established laws to regulate industrial, commercial, and residential noise levels as well as limit sounds during night hours to reduce noise pollution. Individual actions like observing car-free days and creating awareness can help address the issue.
Noise Control Stratagies in Reinforced Concrete BuildingsIJRES Journal
This study is aimed at bringing out the salient aspects of building noise control. An analysis has been carried out with respect to the noise transmission as well as the characteristics of noise inside buildings. The key issues on building noise control have been included and discussed. A comprehensive study on building noise and on acoustically divisible spaces has been made. It has been observed that a sound insulation of the order of 30 to 35 dB is possible in a given building. Further, the noise propagation parameters in an exhibition hall have been theoretically estimated. The data so obtained has been compared with actual SPL measurements and recorded. Variations in noise levels observed have been explained. Before the partition is made, the SPL drop is faster inside the building but after the partition the drop falls at the rate of 3dB for doubling the distance. The cost of the acoustically divisible partition wall is found to be very high, but the advantage of this partition seems to be creating acoustically divisible spaces where in one can conduct two programs simultaneously, without any disturbance to each other. Prior to the selection and design of control measures, noise sources must be identified and the noise produced must be carefully evaluated.
Noise pollution can come from various sources like transportation, construction, and industrial activities. It is measured in decibels and exposure to loud noise over 85dB can cause hearing damage over time. Noise affects humans physically and psychologically, reducing sleep quality and increasing stress. It also harms animal communication and habitats. Methods to reduce noise include better urban planning, equipment modifications, noise barriers, and controlling vehicle speed. Regulations establish limits and standards provide guidelines but enforcement can be improved.
The document discusses acoustical measurements and covers several topics related to sound. It defines sound and discusses how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. It also covers basic acoustical parameters like sound pressure, sound power, and sound intensity. The document discusses psychoacoustic relationships and sound measuring apparatus and techniques, including microphones and sound level meters. It touches on applied spectrum analysis, measurement of industrial and environmental noise, and methods for measuring sound intensity.
The document discusses various occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical hazards. It provides details on specific physical hazards like noise, vibration, radiation and their resulting occupational diseases. Chemical hazards from metals, dusts, gases, and other chemicals are explained along with their effects. Biological hazards and prevention are briefly covered. Routes of exposure, types of occupational diseases, and anticipation of chemical hazards are also summarized.
This document discusses occupational noise and its effects. It defines noise and sound, describes how the ear works, and identifies common sources of occupational noise like machinery. It explains that prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. The document provides guidance on engineering controls, administrative controls, hearing protection, and compliance with regulations to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
This document provides an overview of noise control techniques. It discusses how noise affects humans both physically and psychologically. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause permanent hearing damage. The document outlines acoustic concepts like sound level measurement, frequency weighting, and sound attenuation over distance. It presents general noise control measures such as altering machines, enclosing sources, using absorbents, and planning building layouts. Specific noise reduction techniques are examined for areas like plates, ducts, air movement, and pipes carrying liquids.
Tanzania es un país de África Oriental. Su capital y ciudad más grande es Dar es Salaam, y su segunda ciudad más grande es Mwanza. La bandera de Tanzania consiste en una franja horizontal verde en la parte superior, una franja horizontal negra en el medio y una franja horizontal amarilla en la parte inferior.
This document provides information on a study conducted by the Center for Technology & Development (CTD) on establishing low cost fruit and vegetable processing units. It discusses the background and formation of CTD, the need for such processing units given the large amount of produce waste in India, and CTD's approach which involves establishing decentralized processing units run primarily by women. The strategy involves networking small farmers, processing produce at different levels from home to larger processing centers, and marketing products locally. The technology, system design, requirements and improvements made to the model are also summarized.
Control of industrial noise and protectionhiten patel
Industrial noise can be controlled through several methods: 1) Reducing noise at its source by repairing old machines or adding vibration dampers. 2) Enclosing noisy machines in isolated rooms with sound absorbing materials. 3) Absorbing remaining noise using sound absorbing walls, high ceilings, and empty space near machines. 4) As a last resort, workers should wear protective ear equipment like plugs or muffs when near high noise machines, as excessive noise can cause health issues.
Noise pollution comes from various sources like industrial activities, transportation, construction, and domestic settings. It can negatively impact human health by causing hearing loss, cardiovascular issues, learning problems, and psychological stress. The document outlines different types and measurement of noise pollution and strategies to control noise and protect human health such as reducing sound levels, interrupting noise transmission, and protecting receptors through awareness and preventive measures.
The document discusses noise pollution, including its measurement, sources, effects, and control. It defines sound and noise, and explains how sound is measured in units such as frequency, intensity, and decibels. Common sources of noise pollution like traffic, construction, and industrial activities are identified. The effects of noise on hearing, health, communication, and work are outlined. Standards for acceptable noise limits in different areas are provided. Finally, the document discusses approaches to control noise pollution through modifications to noise sources, transmission paths, and receivers.
Noise pollution can negatively impact human health and the environment in several ways. It is defined as unwanted and disturbing sounds that disrupt normal activities or cause harm. Common sources include vehicles, construction equipment, and industrial operations. Effects range from temporary hearing loss and sleep disruption to long-term cardiovascular problems. Reducing noise pollution involves identifying sound sources, modifying noisy machinery, adding sound barriers, and providing protective equipment for workers.
Here are the solutions to the assigned problems from Chapter 15 of Davis and Masten:
15-2) A sound level meter reading of 75 dB is measured. What is the sound intensity level in dB?
Answer: Since sound intensity level is defined as 10log(I/I0) where I0 = 10-12 W/m2, and a sound level of 75 dB corresponds to an intensity of 10-12 W/m2, the sound intensity level is also 75 dB.
15-4) The sound level from a source is 65 dB. What is the sound level 6 feet from the source if the intensity decreases as the inverse square of the distance?
Answer: Using the formula that intensity decreases
Though, noise is a controllable entity of the environment, on several occasions it is found to be uncontrollable and create severe impacts on life and induce unpleasant circumstances.
Noise pollution is a public nuisance to the environment.
Control of noise pollution BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses different methods for controlling noise levels, including suppression at the source, path control, and protecting personnel. It describes approaches like enclosing loud machinery, installing barriers, absorbing sound through porous materials, isolating vibrations, and using mufflers to reduce transmission. The ideal noise absorber has properties like a high noise reduction coefficient, strength, smooth surface, fireproofing, lack of odor, and good light reflectivity.
Noise pollution and its control BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses noise pollution and its effects. It defines noise as unwanted sound and notes that sounds between 20-20,000 Hz are audible to humans. Prolonged exposure to noise can cause hearing loss, stress, and other health issues. Common sources of noise pollution are construction, traffic, and industrial equipment. The document recommends identifying noise risks, using engineering controls to reduce noise, administering hearing tests, and wearing protective equipment like earplugs in high noise areas to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
This document provides instructions for performing noise measurements on large machines like generators and motors. It outlines the objective to establish a noise statistic for all machines in the division. The scope specifies that the procedure applies to all organizational units, and measurements will be done on each generator during commissioning. Definitions, equipment used, measurement procedures, and sample measurement plans are described in detail. Deviations from the procedure require a nonconformity report. The document is the property of PNG Power and not to be shared externally without permission.
The document discusses noise pollution, its sources, effects, and measures for prevention. It identifies major sources of noise pollution as household activities, social events, commercial/industrial activities, and transportation. Noise from industries, construction sites, vehicles, and agricultural machinery can harm hearing and health. Prevention measures include limiting noisy activities near settlements, proper vehicle maintenance, and soundproofing buildings.
This document discusses noise and vibration in occupational settings. It defines noise and vibration, describes how they are measured, and outlines their common sources and health effects. For noise, common sources include industrial facilities and transportation. Prolonged exposure can cause hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, and stress. Vibration is caused by imbalanced rotating parts and friction in machines. It is measured by its effect on the hand, arm, or whole body. Long-term exposure is linked to hand-arm vibration syndrome and other neurological and vascular issues. Both noise and vibration can be controlled through engineering solutions like dampers, isolation, and maintenance along with personal protective equipment and limiting exposure time.
The document summarizes an experiment to measure noise levels from various sources like air conditioners and chillers at different distances on a university campus. Noise levels were measured at 1m and 4m from each source in locations like the library, café, and outside laboratories. The results found that noise levels decreased with distance from the source and were below the limit of 80dBA, indicating the university area is safe without risk of noise-induced hearing loss. Existing noise controls like grass barriers and enclosed spaces were also found to help reduce noise levels from sources.
Environmental Engineering (What is noise pollution)Latif Hyder Wadho
Any unwanted sound that penetrates the environment is considered noise pollution, which comes from sources like street traffic, construction, airplanes, and consumer products. The normal tolerance level for noise is 80dB, with sounds above or below being pollution. Noise pollution can damage hair cells in the ear and lead to irreversible hearing loss over time. It also increases blood pressure and interferes with animal behaviors. Governments have established laws to regulate industrial, commercial, and residential noise levels as well as limit sounds during night hours to reduce noise pollution. Individual actions like observing car-free days and creating awareness can help address the issue.
Noise Control Stratagies in Reinforced Concrete BuildingsIJRES Journal
This study is aimed at bringing out the salient aspects of building noise control. An analysis has been carried out with respect to the noise transmission as well as the characteristics of noise inside buildings. The key issues on building noise control have been included and discussed. A comprehensive study on building noise and on acoustically divisible spaces has been made. It has been observed that a sound insulation of the order of 30 to 35 dB is possible in a given building. Further, the noise propagation parameters in an exhibition hall have been theoretically estimated. The data so obtained has been compared with actual SPL measurements and recorded. Variations in noise levels observed have been explained. Before the partition is made, the SPL drop is faster inside the building but after the partition the drop falls at the rate of 3dB for doubling the distance. The cost of the acoustically divisible partition wall is found to be very high, but the advantage of this partition seems to be creating acoustically divisible spaces where in one can conduct two programs simultaneously, without any disturbance to each other. Prior to the selection and design of control measures, noise sources must be identified and the noise produced must be carefully evaluated.
Noise pollution can come from various sources like transportation, construction, and industrial activities. It is measured in decibels and exposure to loud noise over 85dB can cause hearing damage over time. Noise affects humans physically and psychologically, reducing sleep quality and increasing stress. It also harms animal communication and habitats. Methods to reduce noise include better urban planning, equipment modifications, noise barriers, and controlling vehicle speed. Regulations establish limits and standards provide guidelines but enforcement can be improved.
The document discusses acoustical measurements and covers several topics related to sound. It defines sound and discusses how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. It also covers basic acoustical parameters like sound pressure, sound power, and sound intensity. The document discusses psychoacoustic relationships and sound measuring apparatus and techniques, including microphones and sound level meters. It touches on applied spectrum analysis, measurement of industrial and environmental noise, and methods for measuring sound intensity.
The document discusses various occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical hazards. It provides details on specific physical hazards like noise, vibration, radiation and their resulting occupational diseases. Chemical hazards from metals, dusts, gases, and other chemicals are explained along with their effects. Biological hazards and prevention are briefly covered. Routes of exposure, types of occupational diseases, and anticipation of chemical hazards are also summarized.
This document discusses occupational noise and its effects. It defines noise and sound, describes how the ear works, and identifies common sources of occupational noise like machinery. It explains that prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. The document provides guidance on engineering controls, administrative controls, hearing protection, and compliance with regulations to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
This document provides an overview of noise control techniques. It discusses how noise affects humans both physically and psychologically. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause permanent hearing damage. The document outlines acoustic concepts like sound level measurement, frequency weighting, and sound attenuation over distance. It presents general noise control measures such as altering machines, enclosing sources, using absorbents, and planning building layouts. Specific noise reduction techniques are examined for areas like plates, ducts, air movement, and pipes carrying liquids.
Tanzania es un país de África Oriental. Su capital y ciudad más grande es Dar es Salaam, y su segunda ciudad más grande es Mwanza. La bandera de Tanzania consiste en una franja horizontal verde en la parte superior, una franja horizontal negra en el medio y una franja horizontal amarilla en la parte inferior.
This document provides information on a study conducted by the Center for Technology & Development (CTD) on establishing low cost fruit and vegetable processing units. It discusses the background and formation of CTD, the need for such processing units given the large amount of produce waste in India, and CTD's approach which involves establishing decentralized processing units run primarily by women. The strategy involves networking small farmers, processing produce at different levels from home to larger processing centers, and marketing products locally. The technology, system design, requirements and improvements made to the model are also summarized.
Operation and maintenance application for water supply projects, automated bill preparation, Electronic Measurements, Tablet application, mobile applications
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Rhat OSS - Cloudera - Mike Olson - Hadoop Data Analytics In The CloudCloudera, Inc.
This document discusses the history and capabilities of Hadoop, an open-source software framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of commodity hardware. It describes how Hadoop was developed from Doug Cutting's work on Nutch in 2002 and its adoption by Yahoo! in 2006. It also provides an overview of Hadoop's key components: HDFS for distributed data storage, MapReduce for distributed computations, and its reliability features which handle faults through replication and rebalancing. Finally, it discusses options for deploying Hadoop in data centers or cloud services.
This document provides an executive summary and business plan for a start-up in the travel and tourism industry in India. The key points are:
- The start-up aims to cater to the luxury segment of foreign travelers visiting India for leisure and recreation, a market size of $2 billion that is growing at 35% annually.
- Services will include high-end accommodations, transportation, activities, and 24/7 support. The value proposition is that customers pay a single price and the start-up takes care of all expenses during travel.
- There is little competition in this luxury segment in India currently. The business will utilize a CRM and multilingual website and call center to attract customers from key
Hadoop World 2011: Hadoop as a Service in CloudCloudera, Inc.
Hadoop framework is often built on native environment with commodity hardware as its original design. However, with growing tendency of cloud computing, there is stronger requirement to build hadoop cluster on a public/private cloud in order for customers to benefit from virtualization and multi-tenancy. My speech want to introduce some challenges to provide hadoop service on virtualization platform like: performance, rack awareness, job scheduling, memory over commitment, etc and propose some solutions.
Tập 4 chuyên đề Toán học: Tích phân - Megabook.vnMegabook
Đây là Tập 3 chuyên đề Toán học: Tích phân của Megabook. Các em có thể tham khảo nhé!
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Các em có thể tham khảo bộ sách hay của Megabook tại địa chỉ sau nhé ;)
http://megabook.vn/
Chúc các em học tốt! ^^
Eureka Forbes is a direct selling company that sells water purifiers, vacuum cleaners, air purifiers and security solutions. It has over 7,000 direct sales representatives that visit 1.5 million homes daily. The sales representatives are called Eurochamps and they are responsible for prospecting customers, conducting sales presentations and providing after-sales service. Eureka Forbes uses various forecasting methods like moving average and exponential smoothing to project future sales. It also sets sales quotas for different areas based on population. The company is looking to expand its retail channels and improve training to increase sales penetration.
Đề thi+lời giải chi tiết môn Sinh học khối B (2014) trường THPT Lương Thế Vin...Megabook
Đây là đề thi+lời giải chi tiết môn Sinh học khối B (2014) trường THPT Lương Thế Vinh của Megabook. Các em có thể tham khảo nhé!
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Các em có thể tham khảo bộ sách hay của Megabook tại địa chỉ sau nhé ;)
http://megabook.vn/
Chúc các em học tốt! ^^
This document discusses noise control techniques for landscape design. It begins with basic definitions of sound, noise, frequency, and decibels. It then discusses approaches to sound control, including acoustical planning during the design stage to minimize noise and retrofitting existing developments. Key aspects of acoustical planning include setbacks, buffer zones, and noise barrier mounds. Retrofitting is more difficult and costly but can incorporate barriers, fences, and soundproofing. The document also covers noise measurement tools, calculations, outdoor noise control methods like barriers and screening, and factors that influence barrier effectiveness.
Module 5 of ME 010 702 DYNAMICS OF MACHINESbinil babu
This document discusses acoustics and environmental noise control. It defines key acoustics concepts like sound propagation, decibels, Doppler effect, and acoustic impedance. It also discusses noise tolerance levels for humans and noise control strategies in industrial contexts, including controlling noise at the source, along transmission paths, and at receivers. An example problem calculates the total sound power level generated by four machines with different sound power outputs.
This document discusses noise pollution. It defines noise as unwanted sound and notes that noise originates from human activities like urbanization and transportation. Noise is measured in decibels. Measurement tools include sound level meters and dosimeters, which can assess workers' noise exposure over time. Methods to reduce noise include eliminating sources, attenuating pathways, and limiting exposure durations. Surveys identify noise sources and exposures. Control measures follow a hierarchy from elimination to substitution to engineering to administrative to personal protective equipment. Vegetation can help absorb sound.
This document discusses noise and hearing protection in the workplace. It begins by defining noise as unwanted sounds that intrude on daily activities and can cause permanent hearing damage. It outlines Malaysian regulations on permissible noise exposure limits. It then discusses the hierarchy of noise control strategies, including controlling noise at the source, path of transmission, and receiver. The document provides examples of engineering controls like equipment substitution and design, as well as administrative controls like limiting exposure time. It concludes by listing decibel levels of common sounds and types of hearing protection.
This document discusses noise control in the workplace. It begins by defining noise and classifying it as a physical hazard that can cause permanent hearing damage. It then outlines relevant noise regulations, including permissible exposure limits of 90dB(A) continuously and 115dB(A) at any time according to the Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989.
The document presents the hierarchy of noise control strategies, from controlling noise at the source to reducing exposure of employees. It provides examples of engineering controls like modifying equipment to reduce impact or aerodynamic noise, using absorptive materials, and isolating vibrations. Plant layout considerations and substituting quieter processes, equipment, and materials are also summarized. The focus is
This document discusses strategies for improving acoustic comfort in air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems. It begins by outlining some of the key acoustic issues that can arise from ACMV systems, such as equipment noise and vibration, duct noise, and terminal device noise. It then presents three case studies of successful noise reduction projects involving ACMV systems. Measurement techniques and criteria for assessing noise and vibration are also described. The overall aim is to provide guidance on designing and retrofitting ACMV systems to minimize noise and maximize acoustic comfort in buildings.
hat is Noise Mapping ?
A Noise Map is a map of an area which is coloured according to the noise levels in the area. Sometimes, the noise levels may be shown by contour lines which show the boundaries between different noise levels in an area.
The noise levels over an area will be varying all the time. For example, noise levels may rise as a vehicle approaches, and reduce again after it has passed. This would cause a short-term variations in noise level. In the slightly longer term, noise levels may be higher in peak periods when the roads are busy, and lower in off-peak periods. Then again, there is a greater volume of activity from more people and traffic in the day-time than in the evening or at night. In the longer term, wind, weather and season all affect noise levels.
This means that it is not possible to say with confidence what the noise level will be at any particular point at any instant in time, but where the noise sources are well-defined, such as road or rail traffic, or aircraft, then it is possible to say with some confidence what the long-term average noise level will be.
It may be thought that the best way of doing this is by measurement, but experience shows that this is not the case. For a start, a long-term average must be measured over a long period of time. Secondly, to obtain complete coverage of an area, measurements would have to be made on private property, where access might be difficult, and thirdly, measurements cannot distinguish the different sources of noise, so they would not be able to give information on how much noise was being made by each of the sources in an area.
For these and other reasons, noise mapping is usually done by calculation based on a computerised noise model of an area, although measurements may be appropriate in some cases.
A further benefit of having a noise model is that it can be used to assess the effects of transportation and other plans. Thus the effect of a proposed new road can be assessed and suitable noise mitigation can be designed to minimise its impact. This is particularly important in noise action planning, where a cost-benefit analysis of various options can be tested before a decision is made.
iFluids Engineering
Vivek Mariappan Environmental Engineer Consultant
SoundPLAN CadnaA
This document provides guidance on noise control methods for building exterior HVAC equipment. It notes that HVAC equipment can generate noise that propagates to nearby buildings, so early consultation with an acoustical consultant is recommended. Source controls like equipment selection and placement are most effective at reducing noise. Example control methods include noise barriers, acoustic louvers, duct silencers, and absorption materials. The document lists regulations for HVAC noise limits and example product vendors.
IRJET- Assessment of Noise Pollution Near Ness Wadia CollegeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed noise pollution levels near Ness Wadia College in India. Researchers measured noise levels daily for two weeks near the college to understand sources and identify times when noise was minimum. They found that vehicles, particularly buses, trucks, cars, and two-wheelers, were the main sources of noise. The noise levels often exceeded recommended limits. To address this, the study proposed using white noise, pink noise, or wireless vehicle horns to reduce noise pollution in sensitive areas like colleges. It aimed to identify alternative traffic routes and times that could lower noise exposure for students at the college.
HCL suggests solutions to reduce airborne noise being emitted by vacuum cleaners. It has been seen that blowers used in vacuum cleaners are the main source of airborne noise and blade wakes are unavoidable in turbo machines.Focus of this whitepaper is to understand how to reduce sound intensity of vacuum cleaners and studying its effects on human hearing. ERS division in HCL proposes the design of a spiral enclosure for the blower in the vacuum cleaner. HCL suggests solutions to reduce airborne noise being emitted by vacuum cleaners. ERS division in HCL proposes the design of a spiral enclosure for the blower in the vacuum cleaner.
This document provides guidance on reducing traffic noise for builders, designers, and residents. It discusses characteristics of noise and how it is measured. It then outlines various strategies for reducing noise, including at the source, in new home design and construction, and in existing homes. Key approaches covered are site planning, architectural design, acoustic construction, noise barriers, earth mounds, vegetation, and sound insulation of buildings. Specific guidance is provided on materials, construction, location, and aesthetics of noise barriers. The document recommends a step-by-step approach, starting with simple and low-cost methods before more expensive treatments. Overall it serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding and addressing traffic noise issues.
Noise pollution can negatively impact human health and quality of life. Unwanted sound that is loud or persistent enough can damage hearing or cause annoyance. Common sources of noise pollution include transportation like vehicles, aircraft, and trains, as well as industrial operations, construction, and recreational activities. The ear converts sound vibrations into nerve signals that are perceived by the brain as sound. Noise is measured in units called decibels and standards aim to limit exposure and emissions from various sources.
This document provides a review of muffler design for automotive exhaust systems. It discusses how mufflers aim to reduce engine noise emission through reactive and absorptive designs. Reactive mufflers use destructive interference of sound waves through chambers and geometry changes to target specific frequencies. Absorptive mufflers convert sound energy to heat using materials like fiberglass. Most mufflers combine both approaches. The document outlines muffler requirements, design procedures, types including reactive, absorptive and combination, and selection factors like size and materials. It concludes with a brief discussion of previous research on muffler noise and backpressure characteristics.
A Brief Review on Advance Acoustic Control System Process of Automotive MufflerIOSR Journals
This document provides a review of advance acoustic control systems used in automotive mufflers. It begins with an introduction explaining how mufflers reduce engine exhaust noise. It then discusses the basic requirements and design procedures for mufflers, including reactive, absorptive, and combination muffler designs. The document reviews several past studies on muffler design and analysis using modeling, simulation, and testing. It evaluates different muffler types and parameters that influence noise reduction effectiveness. In summary, the document provides an overview of muffler design and recent research on using various acoustic and modeling techniques to optimize muffler performance.
1) Noise pollution can be defined as any disturbing or unwanted noise that interferes or harms humans or wildlife. Sources of noise pollution include road traffic, aircraft, railroads, industries, loud speakers, and firecrackers.
2) The textile industry is a major source of noise pollution. Noise levels are highest at ring spinning machines and lowest at blow rooms. As loom and spinning machine speeds increase, noise levels also increase significantly.
3) Noise pollution has negative effects on public health like hearing loss, cardiovascular issues, and sleep disturbances. It also affects wildlife behavior and communication. Reducing noise at its source and increasing green coverage are ways to reduce noise pollution.
IRJET- Controlling Techniques of Noise Pollution in the Forging IndustryIRJET Journal
This document discusses noise pollution control techniques for a forging industry. It begins by measuring noise levels from various machines like mechanical presses and drop hammers, finding levels from 92-104 dB, above safety limits. It then describes several noise control methods like equipment modifications, administrative controls, shields/barriers, enclosures, curtains, and louvers. The goal is to reduce worker exposure to hazardous noise levels through engineering and process changes.
Active noise cancellation uses a microphone to measure ambient noise and generate an inverted "anti-noise" signal to destructively interfere with and cancel out the noise. It works best for low frequencies while passive noise control using insulation is more effective at higher frequencies. Adaptive noise cancellation algorithms like LMS analyze noise waveforms and generate inverted signals through transducers to reduce perceived noise levels. Noise-cancelling headphones apply this technique to improve listening and sleep on planes by offsetting engine noise.
1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI Upon completio.docxShiraPrater50
1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Apply scientific principles to the practice of industrial hygiene.
2.1 Use time-weighted average (TWA) and permissible exposure limit (PEL) methods to evaluate
noise exposures in the workplace.
2.2 Evaluate characteristics and abilities of sound level meters (SLMs) and noise dosimeters.
4. Evaluate industrial hygiene management practices.
4.1 Summarize the requirements for an effective hearing conservation program.
4.2 Define terms associated with occupational noise.
6. Perform basic calculations related to industrial hygiene.
6.1 Calculate the 8-hour time-weighted average noise (TWA) exposure given several intermediate
noise exposures.
Reading Assignment
To access the following resources, click the links below:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1970). Occupational safety and health standards:
Occupational health and environmental control (Standard No. 1910.95). Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9735
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1
Unit VI Lesson
Article: “Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and
environmental control (Standard No. 1910.95)”
Unit VI Assessment
2.2
Unit VI Lesson
Article: “OSHA technical manual: Noise”
Unit VI Assessment
4.1
Unit VI Lesson
Article: “Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and
environmental control (Standard No. 1910.95)”
Article: “OSHA technical manual: Noise”
Unit VI Assessment
4.2
Unit VI Lesson
Article: “Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and
environmental control (Standard No. 1910.95)”
Article: “OSHA technical manual: Noise”
Unit VI Assessment
6.1
Unit VI Lesson
Article: “Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and
environmental control (Standard No. 1910.95)”
Unit VI Assessment
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Evaluating Exposures to Noise
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9735
2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2013). OSHA technical manual: Noise, 5-40. Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_toc.html
Unit Lesson
Noise is one of the most common physical hazards that industrial hygienists must evaluate. Most workplaces
have some area where noise is a concern. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, n.d.)
estimates that every year, 22 million workers are exposed to noise levels that could result in hearing loss.
Workers’ compensation costs for noise-induced hearing loss continue to rise each year with an estimated
annual cost today of $242 million dollars (OSHA, n.d.).
Evaluating noise exposures can be more complicated than evaluating exposures to aerosols, vapors, and
gases that occur on a linear scale and can
sometimes be vi ...
Road traffic is a major source of noise pollution, especially near busy roads. Factors that influence traffic noise include vehicle type and speed, road surface conditions, and tire-road interactions. Exposure to high levels of traffic noise can cause annoyance and disrupt sleep and activities, and long-term exposure is linked to physiological health effects. Recommendations to reduce traffic noise pollution include constructing sound barriers, limiting vehicle speeds, altering road surfaces, restricting heavy vehicles and smooth traffic flow. Computer models can help identify cost-effective strategies to mitigate noise when planning or expanding road projects.
Similar to Chapter 8 noise mitigation and measurement (20)
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This study analyzed 9 liquid foundation samples from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan to determine heavy metal content. The samples were acid digested and analyzed using ICP-MS. All 9 samples contained aluminum and zinc in varying concentrations. The highest aluminum reading was 25.32 mg/l from a sample from Indonesia. Heavy metals in beauty products used daily can accumulate in the body and negatively impact health.
This document provides guidance for students presenting a proposal presentation. It discusses dividing up the presentation between partners, with each speaking roughly the same amount of time. It suggests rehearsing as a team, being prepared to revise parts of the presentation, and making the transitions between topics and speakers clear. The document also provides questions for students to consider about the organization, slide design, and delivery of their presentation, such as whether the talk fits together coherently and whether the slides have a good balance of text and figures. The goal is to persuade evaluators to support the proposed research project within the 7 minute time limit.
This document discusses research methodology and environmental sampling techniques. It covers topics such as operationalization, validity, sampling, sample handling, preservation and storage, selection of sample containers and sampling equipment. Specifically, it provides guidelines on determining sampling objectives, selecting relevant chemical and biological indicators, choosing appropriate sampling locations, equipment and containers, accurately recording and preserving samples, and reporting results. The document aims to help ensure samples are representative and that physical, chemical and biological changes are minimized prior to analysis.
The document discusses literature reviews and the research process. It describes the hourglass model for structuring a literature review with broad context literature at the top narrowing to primary sources relevant to the research problem and knowledge gaps. This focuses the research question which is then widened in the discussion of results. Literature reviews should have breadth, shape, logical flow, appropriate detail, and incorporate primary sources. The key stages of research are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting on one's own practice in an iterative process. Using multiple research methods can strengthen validity and reliability.
A literature review is a critical evaluation and synthesis of previous research on a topic. It establishes the basis for further study by summarizing key findings, explaining how they relate to each other and the proposed research, and identifying areas of agreement, disagreement and gaps. The review should not merely list and paraphrase sources but integrate them into an overall evaluation. It demonstrates understanding of the research context and why the proposed study is important and needed. Conducting a high-quality literature review requires experience evaluating source credibility and avoiding bias.
This document discusses research methodology and its importance. It defines research methodology as the systematic way researchers approach problems and find answers and conclusions. It notes there are different types of research methodologies and methods. The document outlines the stages of research methodology from defining objectives to sampling strategy to methods and materials to conclusions. It emphasizes the need for careful planning, such as creating a Gantt chart, to address issues that could cause delays and ensure experiments can be completed on schedule.
This document provides guidance on developing key elements of an environmental project proposal, including the problem statement, scope of project, proposal title, objectives, and relationship between sections in an experimental chapter. It discusses how to write each element concisely and accurately to clearly define the research problem and planned methodology. Examples are given for objectives related to three sample project topics on leachate treatment, agricultural waste composites, and phytoremediation.
This document provides information about the Environmental Project 1 course for the Diploma in Environmental Engineering program. The course aims to provide students with knowledge on writing proposals for their final year projects. It will cover proposal formatting, problem definition, methodology, and presenting proposals to a panel. At the end of the semester, students will submit their project proposal reports and present their proposals for review. The document outlines the course learning outcomes, project types, supervisor roles, log book functions, and important due dates.
This document provides guidance for writing project proposals, reports, and research papers. It discusses the typical components of a research proposal, including the title, background study, problem statement, objectives, literature review, and methodology. It also provides tips for writing the different sections of a research report or paper, such as the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions. Additionally, it covers topics like properly citing references, presenting data, generating knowledge and understanding from information, and writing abstracts.
This document lists three students - Mohamed Aslam Fariezd bin Nor Mahali, Muhammad Fathurrahman bin Mohammad Shukor, and Nur Izzati Izwin binti Mazameri. It then discusses venturi scrubbers, defining them as industrial pollution control devices usually installed on furnace exhaust stacks that use ejectors or venturis to clean flue gases through contact with a scrubbing liquid.
This document discusses different types of wet collectors used to remove particles from gas streams. It describes impingement scrubbers, which use horizontal plates with small holes to accelerate gas and atomize water droplets to impact particles. Spray towers are also discussed, which use spray nozzles to generate water droplets to impact particles as the gas moves upwards. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided, such as impingement scrubbers handling flammable dusts but creating waste disposal problems, while spray towers have lower pressure drops but mass transfer efficiencies.
The document discusses particulate control group 2 and their gravity and momentum collector. The collector uses settling chambers and louvers to admit air while keeping out rain and noise. Louvers have adjustable or fixed slats that change the direction of gas streams. Larger particles do not change direction and settle in the dead air space, making it a precleaner for more efficient collectors.
This document summarizes different types of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), including tubular, plate, wet, and dry ESPs. Tubular ESPs consist of parallel tubes with electrodes running through them, and are designed to eliminate gaps in particle collection. Plate ESPs use parallel metal plates and wires to collect dry particles in multiple parallel lanes, making them suitable for high gas volumes. Wet ESPs use water sprays to collect sticky or wet particles via scrubbing. Dry ESPs periodically rap collected particles off plates into a hopper for removal from the gas stream.
This document discusses centrifugal collectors and provides details about cyclones. It lists the group members working on centrifugal collectors and then explains the principle and construction/operation of cyclones. Cyclones use centrifugal force to remove particles from a gas stream by forcing the stream into a vortex. They have advantages like low capital cost and can operate under various conditions, but disadvantages include only working for small particles and high pressure drops. The document also mentions mechanical centrifugal collectors but provides no further information.
This document provides information on group members and their lecturer for a project on gases and adsorption towers. It lists three group members and their student IDs, and identifies their lecturer. It then provides a brief explanation of the function of an adsorption tower, stating that it separates components of a rising gas using a falling liquid to trap the gas, and is used for purification and processing in various settings. It notes adsorption towers are designed for specific applications to ensure efficient operation.
This document discusses cyclone spray chambers and orifice scrubbers for removing particles from gas streams. Cyclone spray chambers use centrifugal force to permit good separation of droplets and can remove up to 95% of particles over 5 microns. Orifice scrubbers have the gas flow at high velocity through a narrow section into pools of scrubbing liquid before passing through a series of baffles to remove droplets and pollutants through impingement. The document was written by three students for their lecturer on the topic of these gas cleaning devices.
Packed towers are filled with small objects like catalyst particles or absorbents to perform separation processes like absorption, stripping, and distillation. Wet scrubbers describe devices that remove pollutants from gas streams by bringing the polluted gas into contact with a scrubbing liquid, either by forcing it through a liquid pool or other contact method, to remove the pollutant.
The document discusses the effects of noise pollution on humans and the environment. It explains how noise travels through the ear mechanism to the brain and can cause hearing damage, sleep disruption, and other health issues in humans. Excessive noise also negatively impacts communication, work performance, and quality of life. In the environment, noise pollution interferes with animal communication and behaviors. It can harm marine life and increase stress levels. Noise from vehicles and other sources contributes to air and land pollution as well.
The document discusses the effects of noise pollution on humans and the environment. It explains how noise travels through the ear mechanism to the brain and can cause hearing damage, sleep disruption, and other health issues in humans. Excessive noise also negatively impacts communication, work performance, and quality of life. In the environment, noise pollution interferes with animal communication and behaviors. It can harm marine life and increase carbon emissions that contribute to climate change. The document examines the reduction of property values near noise sources and how factors like road type and vehicle speed influence noise pollution levels.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
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How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Chapter 8 noise mitigation and measurement
1.
2. UNIT KEJURUTERAAN ALAM SEKITARUNIT KEJURUTERAAN ALAM SEKITAR
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAMJABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
CHAPTER 8CHAPTER 8
NOISE MITIGATION ANDNOISE MITIGATION AND
MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT
2
3. Upon completion of this course,
student should be able to :
Explain the noise pollution mitigation for reduce noise pollution,
control noise pollution on sources and protect noise pollution
from receiver.
Apply noise mitigation to overcome noise pollution
Explain noise pollution measurement
Apply noise pollution equipment (Sound Level Meter and
Dosimeter)
List the procedure of calibration for noise pollution equipment
Describe measurement procedures
Determine physical conditions for measurement
Determine the regulations on noise pollution control (motor
vehicles)
4. Noise pollution mitigation for reduce noise
pollution, control noise pollution on sources and
protect noise pollution from receiver
5. Reduce noise pollution
Noise pollution can negatively impact the body in
significant ways, including elevated blood
pressure, impaired cognitive functioning, and
other effects of chronic stress.
Limit The Noise
-Double-Paned Windows and Weather
Stripping
6. Basic control of the noise path
Noise can be reduced if the passage was blocked
by obstacles and spread like a wall, land
reclamation and so on. This is because the sound
has been absorbed or filtered and dispersed by
the blockage.
For example, the construction of the wall can
reduce noise by 10-15 dBA. Principles of access
and dissemination controls on noise and suitable
for use in the City to reduce noise. However, the
factors of height, thickness and type of wall used
to determine the level of noise can be reduced.
7. Basic control of the listener
Control principles to the listener means to prevent
noise from the sound received by the audience.
Through this principle, an action may be taken on
behalf of the noise.
What can be done is to put the receiver noise is far
from the noise source or place obstacles that can
prevent a lot of noise until the receiver noise.
Methods of site planning and good landscape design
is one method that is best done based on this
principle. These methods include the layout plan,
landscape approach and area activities. In addition,
the use of hearing protection devices are also effective
to reduce the noise problem.
8. Barriers through the provision of
physical resistance
Barriers through the provision of physical resistance
Physical resistance - usually done by setting up a brick or concrete wall and
land reclamation. Appropriate to prevent the traffic noise.
Planting of trees and open spaces - trees with large leaves and thick and
heavy branches can be used as noise insulation.
Non-residential buffer zone - this method means putting activity is less
sensitive to noise as a buffer zone between areas sensitive to noise.
Example, shops, offices or light industry which is placed between a noisy
road and residential areas.
Traffic management
Separate the motor from the receiver by means such as the construction of
ring roads, provision of pedestrian walkways, limiting the vehicle through an
area with a limitation of time and prepare and set the minimum distance
between new residential traffic.
Improve the flow of traffic to reduce congestion for example through the
provision of direct access and encourage use of public transport.
Use of barrier and buffer zones.
Isolate the vehicle from the recipient - separate the heavy vehicles to home
by providing the street itself.
9. Other methods of control
The provision of pedestrian.
Encourage the use of public transport.
Layout of the house.
10. Noise mitigation is a set of strategies to
reduce noise pollution.
The main areas of noise mitigation or
abatement are: transportation noise
control, architectural design, and occupational
noise control.
Roadway noise and aircraft noise are the most
pervasive sources of environmental noise
worldwide, and little change has been effected
in source control in these areas since the start
of the problem a possible exception being the
development of hybrid and electric vehicles.
11. Roadway
The most fertile areas for roadway noise mitigation are
in urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise
barrier design, speed control, surface pavement
selection and truck restrictions.
Speed control is effective since the lowest sound
emissions arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30
to 60 kilometres per hour.
Above that range, sound emissions double with each
five miles per hour of speed.
At the lowest speeds, braking and (engine)
acceleration noise dominates. Selection of surface
pavement can make a difference of a factor of two in
sound levels, for the speed regime above 30
kilometres per hour.
12. Quieter pavements are porous with a negative
surface texture and use medium to small
aggregates; the loudest pavements have a
transversely grooved surface, and/or a positive
surface texture and use larger aggregates.
Surface friction and roadway safety are important
considerations as well for pavement decisions.
A computer model is required to design the barrier
since terrain, micrometeorology and other locale
specific factors make the endeavor a very complex
undertaking.
For example, a roadway in cut or strong prevailing
13. Aircraft
Variations in aircraft types, flight patterns and local
meteorology can be analyzed along with benefits of
alternative building retrofit strategies such as roof
upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace
baffling, caulking construction seams and other
measures.
The computer model allows cost effectiveness
evaluations of a host of alternative strategies.
14. Architectural Solution
Firstly, airborne sound travels through walls or floor
and ceiling assemblies and can emanate from either
human activities in adjacent living spaces or from
mechanical noise within the building systems.
The second type of interior sound is called Impact
Insulation Class (IIC) transmission.
Designing special purpose rooms has more exotic
challenges, since these rooms may have requirements
for unusual features such
as concert performance, sound studio recording, lecture
halls.
15. Industrial
The most common techniques for noise protection of
workers consist of shock mounting source equipment,
creation of acrylic glass or other solid barriers, and
provision of ear protection equipment.
In certain cases the machinery itself can be re-designed
to operate in a manner less prone to produce grating,
grinding, frictional or other motions that induce sound
emissions.
Other solutions may involve researching the quietest
models of office equipment, particularly printers and
photocopy machines.
16. EXPLAIN NOISE POLLUTION
MEASUREMENT
In 1929 when the New York City noise survey was in
progress, Dr. Harvey Fletcher from the Bell Telephone
Laboratories explained in a radio talk “How Noise is
Measured and Why.” It continues to be helpful to illustrate
how a noise level of 90 decibels really sounds. (He used a
recording of applause at one of the receptions for Charles
Lindbergh.) He demonstrated a reduction of noise level of
10 decibels. (He did not say 10 dB.) He gave the elements
of “a piece of apparatus” that today we call a sound level‐
meter. He led to the easy conclusion that noise level is the
same as sound level, and that you measure it with a sound‐
level meter. There was no entanglement with logarithms;
simply “the decibel is a unit used to describe an amount of
noise.”
17. MEASUREMENT OF NOISE :
The two most important measurement of noise
are, sound pressure and sound intensity, these
are measured in different units, and the scale
of the magnitude id different and very
large in relation to noise.
The unit of measurement of sound is decibel
(dB). It is ratio expressed as logarithmic scale
18. relative to a reference sound pressure level
intensity measured (I )
Sound Intensity Level = 10 log 10 ___________________
reference intensity (Io)
The reference intensity used is the “threshold of hearing”
which is a sound that can be first heard at sound pressure of
2X105
N / M2
of a sound intensity of 10 – 12 W / M2
.
It is quite important to note that doubling of sound pressure
produces an increase of 6 dB
and doubling of sound intensity produces an increase of 3
decibels, which is implicit in
19. Apply Noise Pollution Equipment
Sound Level Meter
Sound level meters measure sound pressure level and are
commonly used in noise pollution studies for the quantification
of almost any noise, but especially for industrial,
environmental and aircraft noise.
Sound level meters, also known as decibel meters and noise
dosimeters, are designed to measure the sound pressure of a
particular event.
The sound level meter is the most common device used to
measure overall workplace noise by OSHA
The sound level meter is generally placed in a central location
at a worksite to collect data, which is then analyzed to
determine average, lowest and highest noise levels during a
given work period.
20. Data from sound level meters can be used to
determine proper hearing protection for
employees, design sound-proof or sound-
absorbing materials and position them
correctly to absorb sound, and to measure the
effect of sound on the general population,
which can also lead to reduction or absorption
measures.
21. How To Use Sound Level Meter
Insert the battery into the sound-pressure level meter. Point
the microphone of the SPLM at the source and take the
measurements of the sound coming out of the speakers.
A wind shield must be used if the air velocity is noticeable. It
should anyway be used all the time as a dust shield.
Choose the response time, either fast or slow. Use slow to
measure average sound levels and fast to measure peak
levels.
Mount the SPLM on a tripod by screwing it into the mount
threads on the bottom of the SPLM. Using a tripod will get
you the most accurate measurements.
Calibrate your speakers by playing noise from your CDs
through your speakers.
22. Be sure to stand off to the side of the SPLM while doing
this to ensure accuracy. Should be to get a reading as
close to 0 for each of the test tones. Fiddle with the
speaker placement to get this.
The SLM must be calibrated before any measuring
session using a calibrator . If the temperature of the
instrument is significantly different from the ambient
temperature where it will be used, it should be first
warmed up before calibration and use. The calibration
must be checked at the end of the session. If the
instrument is not calibrated anymore, the data might
have to be discarded and the reasons for this calibration
change should be investigated as this might indicate an
important malfunctioning of the instrument.
23. Sound Level Meter Calibrator
Calibrate the sound level meter before
conducting the stationary sound test. Use only
calibrators approved by the sound level meter
manufacturer :
o Turn on the calibrator and the sound level meter.
o Set range switch to correct range.
o Make sure calibrator is mounted to sound level
meter correctly.
o Adjust sound level meter to give correct reading.
24. Dosimeter
Dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to
something in the environment - particularly to a hazard
inflicting cumulative impact over long periods of time, or over
a lifetime.
The noise dosimeter is similar to sound level meters, but
instead of being positioned in one place, it is worn by
individual employees.
Employees wear the dosimeter throughout their shifts, and the
dosimeter collects information about how, when and how
much noise they are exposed to during a typical work day.
A dosimeter can calculate on the spot whether an employee is
nearing or over the OSHA limits for noise doses in a day or
over longer periods of time.
Dosimeter data is used to determine hearing protection for
workers, schedule work in noisy areas in ways that are safer
for employees, and design sound absorption materials and
determine their placement
25. Use of Noise Dosimeter
The noise dosimeter is clipped to the workers' clothes with the
microphone close to the ear, and can be worn without
hampering work. The dose provided by the instrument is of
course dependent on the duration during which the instrument
is used.
Therefore, it should first be corrected for an 8 hour period and
then converted to the daily noise exposure (LEX,8) level
according to the relevant formula (ISO or OSHA).
It is important to know that some old dosimeters do not take
into account levels below 89 dB(A) or 80 dB(A), as they
assume that lower levels do not lead to hearing impairment.
The LEX,8 is then physically not correct. These dosimeters
are obsolete and should be discarded. On certain
instruments, a warning marker is activated if the peak level
ever exceeds 140 dB.
26. It is worth noting that the characteristics of the dosimeters
have never been standardized.
Furthermore, they are extremely limited as they provide one
single value at the end. It is strongly recommended to
abandon this type of instrument and use the personal sound
level meters described in the next section.
27. The Procedure of calibration for noise
pollution equipment
Procedures sound level meter: -
Height (m) of the SLM device is 1.2 meters above
ground level.
Angle / degree position SLM device is 450.
Distance from the root SLM noise is not more or less
than 2.5 meters.
Spout in SLM is directed to cause noise.
28. Position intake data for the study of noise levels in the environment.
The steps for the measurement of environmental noise levels.
Position distance for data taking in the surrounding noise level.
Position distance for data taking the noise level in the building.
The method of measurement is made more observations in the data
taken for 12 hours from 6 am to 6 pm. This is to see the difference
and comparison of noise that occurs on that day. The data taken
was done in 15 minutes in the next 12 hours.
29. Procedure Dosimeter :-
Dosimetermeasurement procedures include:
Advising the employee being monitored.
A pre and post calibration and battery check.
Microphone located on the individual’s shoulder and
fastened to not interfere with safety or performance of the
individual.
The dosimeter shall be reset and started according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
Dosimeter is set to standby at end of measurement period.
30. Measurement procedure
1. The microphone of the sound level meter should be located between a
height of 1.2 and 1.5 metres above the ground.
2. The measurement point should be no less than 3.5 metres from any
reflective surface, such as walls or buildings, other than the ground.
3. The surface on which a noise source (such as an air conditioner) is located
and the property boundary from where the noise is emitted are not
considered as reflective surfaces.
4. Where it is not possible to locate the measurement point 3.5 metres from
reflective structures, such as outdoor measurements near buildings, the
preferred measurement positions are one metre from the façade and 1.2 to
1.5 metres above each floor level of interest.
31. Eq uivale nt co ntinuo us so und pre ssure le ve l(Le q ) fo r no ise unde r
asse ssm e nt The sound level meter must be set on A-frequency
weighting and equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq)
integrating function. The level should be determined over a sufficiently
long time to be representative of the noise and will be measured for not
less than five minutes. The level must not include extraneous noise that
could affect the level of the noise being assessed — extraneous noise
must be excluded using the pause function of the meter.
Measurement settings
32. PHYSICAL CONDITION FOR
NOISE MEASUREMENT
PLACE OF MEASUREMENT
When the premises receiving the noise has a building or
buildings and surrounding land, the noise may be measured
either outside the buildings and within the boundary, or inside
the buildings, but can only be measured inside if
the use of the building is directly associated with the type of
premises receiving the noise, for example, the building is an
office on a Commercial premises or a house on a noise-
sensitive premises; and
the building is of a type of construction that is typical of
buildings so used. For example, one would not carry out a
sound measurement inside a tent, as its construction is not
typical of a house. Where the premises receiving the noise is
a caravan park or camping ground, measurements are to be
made outside of a caravan, camp or park home.
33. The measurement is taken inside where -
there is no surrounding land; or
the noise is coming through a common wall or
from another part of the building. Where a
measurement is made inside, the measured
level is adjusted by –
+15 dB if the external doors and windows are
shut; or
+10 dB if the external doors and windows are
open.
34. Sketch measurement position on the standard noise
measurement formand include:
living areas identified as likely to be particularly
affected by the source noise;
noise sensitive areas of premises;
noise source direction and approximate distances;
relevant barriers, mounds, vegetation and ground
cover in the separation zone;
wind direction and speed;
location of measurement position(s) indicating
distances from fixed reference points which are
unlikely to change; and
identification of other land uses in the vicinity of the
affected premises.
35. MICROPHONE POSITION
The microphone must be at least 1.2 metres
above the ground and at least three metres
from any other sound reflecting surface, if
practicable, to avoid the effect of sound
reflections. Indoor measurements must be
made at least one metre from any open
external window or door.
Measurement of airblast levels during blasting
must be done outdoors, with the microphone
1.2 to 1.6 metres above the ground and at
least five metres from any other reflecting
surface.
36. 8. Determine The Regulations On Noise Pollution Control (Motor Vehicles)
Environmental Quality Act, 1974 is an act associated with noise control even
though it has no specific regulations on this issue.
The minister of science, technology and environment after consultation with
the environmental quality council, may make laws with respect to the noise
problem and determine the noise level to be acceptable.
The Act also states that other than those already granted a license, no
person shall remove or cause or permit the occurrence of any sound louder
in volume, intensity or quantity of the conditions specified.
Regulations under the Environmental Quality (Motor Vehicle Noise, 1987),
Minister of Science, Technology and Environment with the Department of
Road Transport plays an important role to control the maximum level of
noise by introducing a line of law.
Environmental Quality (Motor Vehicle Noise) Regulations 1987, and shall
come into force on the 16th July 1987.
These regulations are the maximum permissible noise levels for some
categories of vehicles and the maximum permissible noise level in the unit
dB (A) in accordance with the standards set.
37. There are three standard set of standard A which is allocated to the maximum
permissible sound levels for motor vehicles with two or three wheels.
While Standard B was for the maximum permissible sound levels for vehicles with
two or three wheels manufactured or assembled on or after the January 1, 1990.
Further, the Standard C is allocated to the maximum permissible sound levels for
motor vehicles having more than three wheels.
SCHEDULE 1: MAXIMUM SOUND LEVEL PERMITTED FOR MOTOR
VEHICLES HAVING TWO WHEELS OR THREE WHEELS
STANDARD ACategory of vehicle Maximum sound level
Permitted (dB (A))
1. 125 cc. and below 95
2. Above 125 c.c 99
38. STANDARD B
SCHEDULE 2: MAXIMUM SOUND LEVEL PERMITTED FOR MOTOR
VEHICLES HAVING MORE THAN THREE WHEELS
Category of vehicle Maximum sound level
Permitted (dB (A))
1. Below 90 cc. 92
2. 90 c.c and above 95
Category of Vehicle Maximum sound level
permitted (dB (A))
1. Used for the carriage of
passengers and comprising not
more than 9 seats (including
the driver’s seat)
80
39. 2. Used for the carriage of passengers and
comprising more than 9 seats. Permitted
maximum weight does not excedd 3.5 tonnes
81
3. Used for the carriage of goods. Permitted
maximum weight does not exceed 3.5 tonnes.
Engine is less than 200 h.p. DIN
81
4. Used for the carriage of passengers and
comprising more than 9 seats. Permitted
maximum weight exceeds 3.5 tonnes. Engine is
less than 200 h.p.DIN
82
5. Used for the carriage of passengers and
comprising more than 9 seats. Permitted
maximum weight exceeds 3.5 tonnes. Engine is
200 h.p DIN or more
85
6. Used for the carriage of goods. Permitted
maximum weight exceeds 3.5 tonnes.
7. Used for the carriage of goods. Permitted
maximum weight exceeds 3.5 tonnes. Engine is
200 h.p. DIN or more
86
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