The literature review summarizes research on developing fast-dissolving/disintegrating oral tablets using various superdisintegrants. Several studies found that combinations of superdisintegrants like crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate or croscarmellose sodium produced tablets with shorter disintegration times and higher drug dissolution rates compared to single superdisintegrants. Other studies concluded that natural superdisintegrants like banana powder were as effective as synthetic polymers. Tablet properties like hardness, porosity and taste could be optimized using sweeteners or different fillers and binders. Some research also explored producing orally disintegrating films for drugs like ondansetron.

1. LITREATURE REVIEW
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Taksande J B. et al., (2013) formulated and characterized Lornoxicam fast dissolving
tablet using natural superdisintegrants. The natural superdisintegrants used were banana
powder, soya polysaccharide and synthetic superdisintegrant crospovidone. It was
concluded that natural super disintegrants should be preferred as having nutritive value as
well as cost benefit in formulation and development of orodispersible tablets than
synthetic polymers.
• Soumya M. et al., (2013) made an effort to prepare the fast dissolving tablets of
Flecainide acetate by direct compression method. The fast dissolving tablets of Flecainide
acetate proved to show better release profile in all aspects as compared to marketed
formulation. The use of superdisintegrants crospovidone and croscarmellose showed
faster disintegration and dissolution profile.
• Amit Modi et al., (2012) formulated and evaluated fast dissolving tablets of Diclofenac
sodium using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. It was
concluded that the batch which was prepared by using combination of crosspovidone and
sodium starch glycolate as a superdisintegrant shows excellent disintegration time,
enhance dissolution rate, taste masking and hence lead to improve efficacy and
bioavailability of drug.
• Gnana Chaitanya et al.,(2012) prepared and evaluated oral fast disintegrating tablet
formulations of Sitagliptin phosphate using the superdisintegrants for various parameters.
It can be concluded that the parameters disintegration time, dispersion time, wetting time
and water absorption ratio are inversely related to the disintegrants quantity. Based on the
above parameters one formulation was finalized as the optimized formulation which is
showing lowest values for the disintegration time, wetting time, and highest values for
the water absorption ratio and dissolution rate.
• Mohanachandran PS et al., (2010) developed rapidly disintegrating oral tablets of
Amlodipine Besylate by direct compression method. In this study, fast dissolving tablets
of Amlodipine Besylate using different superdisintegrants were prepared by direct
compression method. FDT’s were evaluated for its physicochemical properties and in
vitro dissolution. Effect of different superdisintegrants on disintegration behavior of
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2. LITREATURE REVIEW
tablets was evaluated in phosphate buffer pH 7.2. All formulations were evaluated for
pre‐compression and post‐ compression parameters. Wetting time of formulations
containing Crosscarmellose sodium was least and tablets showed fastest disintegration.
FT‐IR studies revealed that there was no physico‐chemical interaction between
amlodipine besylate and other excipients. Of the twelve formulations studied, F10
showed short dispersion time with maximum drug release in 30 minutes. Combinations
of super disintegrants were found to be better in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets
of Amlodipine besylate rather than using alone.
• M Koland et al., (2010) carried out study to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving films
of Ondansetron hydrochloride for sublingual administration. They concluded that the use
of water-soluble sweeteners, especially mannitol not only enhanced the taste of the
Ondansetron containing films, but also increased drug release and drug permeation
through oral mucosa.
• Tansel C et al., (2010) prepared fast-disintegrating tablets of diclofenac potassium with
sufficiently integrity as well as a pleasant taste using two different fillers and binders.
Tablets were made with direct compression method. Porosity, hardness and disintegration
time were determined. It carried out using a validated spectrophotometric method for the
analysis of drug. Fast disintegration tablet of diclofenac potassium with durable structure
and desirable taste can be prepared using both fillers and binders. Single dose of fast
disintegration tablet was effective in relieving the pain.
• Deshika R et al., (2009) developed rapidly disintegrating oramucosal drug delivery
systems are the focus of extensive research due to their rapidly and efficiently deliver
drugs. These drug delivery systems are able to release the drug as soon as they come into
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3. LITREATURE REVIEW
contact with saliva and highly attractive for patient groups such as infants, pediatrics and
geriatrics. The challenges posed by accurate in vitro disintegration and dissolution testing
of rapidly disintegrating drug delivery system employing conventional and the most
recent novel methodologies and including the use of ex-vivo permeation studies and in
vivo model.
• Bipin P et al.,(2009) developed mouth dissolving tablets has been growing for geriatric
and pediatric patient because of swallowing difficulties. Cinnarizine is H-1 antagonist
and widely used in the treatment of motion sickness, vomiting, vertigo and prepared by
effervescent superdisintegrant addition and direct compresion method. All the
formulation was evaluated for disintegration time, hardness and friability hence it was
selected further studies. In vitro dissolution studies shown total drug release at the end of
six minutes.
• Nitin S et al., (2008) developed Fast-dissolving delivery systems for such as paediatric
and geriatric patients. Difficulty in swallowing medicine is often encountered by these
patients, leading to non-compliance with medication and result ineffective treatment.
Other additional advantage more rapid drug absorption, extension of patent life of
existing drugs, elimination of the need for water and increased ease of taking medicines
while travelling and for patients wwith restricted water intake. Fast-dissolving tablet
technology to understand the unique pharmacotherapeutic need of relevant age groups
and to encourage development of new fast-dissolving systems for existing drugs.
• Nishant V and Vikas R (2008) developed metoclopramide HCl mouth/orally dissolving
tablets (MDTs) using glycine, carboxy methyl cellulose and sodium alginate with
sufficient mechanical integrity and disintegration time comparable to superdisintegrants.
The results revealed that optimized MDTs were capable of simulating DT comparable to
MDTs containing croscarmellose sodium or crospovidone. Further, it can be envisaged
that optimized MDTs were found to be superior to MDTs containing croscarmellose
sodium or crospovidone in terms of friability and tablet crushing strength.
• Mutasem MR et al.,(2007) evaluated the effect of changing dimension on the hardness,
disintegration time and wetting time of fast-disintegrating epinephrine tablets for
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4. LITREATURE REVIEW
sublingual administration as potential first aid treatment for anaphylaxis. Tablet
formulation 1 and 2, containing 0% and 10% epinephrine bitartrate. Weighing 150 mg
were prepared by direct compression. Tablet weight variation, content uniformity,
thickness, hardness, disintegration and wetting time were measured. No difference in
disintegration time and wetting time was observed between concave and flat tablets.
Hardness must be maintained 4 kg to ensure rapid disintegration time.
• Bruno CH et al.,(2003) reported that the densities of a wide variety of solid
pharmaceutical formulations and intermediates. The variance of density with chemical
structure, processing history, and dosage-form type is significant. This study shows that
density can be used as an equipment-independent scaling parameter for several common
drug-product manufacturing operations.
• Simone S and Peter CS et.al.,(2002) developed the fast dispersible tablet using different
concentration of superdisintegrants and properties of the water dispersible tablet, such as
porosity, hardness; disintegration time and increase in viscosity after dispersion were
investigated. In conclusion, fast-dispersible tablets with acceptable hardness and
desirable taste could be prepared within the optimum region.
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