2nd annotated biblography
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More than 100 patients received total artificial heart implants as a bridge to transplantation, recovery, or destination therapy alternative to transplantation. The SynCardia artificial heart has effectively bridged patients to transplantation, with a 69% survival rate to transplantation observed. While artificial hearts can function for up to 16 years, some patients have contraindications like morbidity that prevent transplantation. The artificial heart is an option for patients who do not qualify for other assist devices like left ventricular assist devices.
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Annotated bibliographies
The document contains summaries of four sources that discuss total artificial hearts and their use as alternatives to heart transplants.
The first source discusses a case study of a patient who underwent strength and endurance training while supported by a total artificial heart. The patient experienced increased oxygen consumption and improved recovery after exercise, demonstrating the benefits of peripheral adaptations.
The second source summarizes studies on the SynCardia total artificial heart, the only FDA-approved artificial heart. It is pneumatically powered and has been successfully implanted in over 1,100 patients as a bridge to heart transplantation. Research aims to develop a smaller pediatric version.
The third source examines platelet reactivity, fluid dynamics, and modeling of the SynCardia artificial
QRS FRAGMENTATION: ADULT TETROLOGY OF FALLOT
QRS fragmentation on electrocardiogram (ECG) is a proposed risk factor for mortality in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). This study evaluated whether QRS fragmentation could predict mortality in a different population of 465 adults with repaired TOF. The presence and severity of QRS fragmentation on baseline ECG was assessed. Over a mean follow up of 13.6 years, 55 deaths occurred. Moderate to severe QRS fragmentation was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of all-cause mortality and reduced 20-year survival compared to those without or with only mild fragmentation. QRS fragmentation may serve as a simple, non-invasive marker of risk from routine ECGs in annual follow
Coração univentricular
This document provides an overview of univentricular heart, including:
1) Nomenclature and classification of univentricular heart remains debated due to morphological heterogeneity, though it generally refers to hearts with one functioning ventricular chamber connected to both atria.
2) Epidemiology shows an incidence of 54 cases per million live births, with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and tricuspid atresia being most common.
3) Diagnostic evaluation includes electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, and echocardiography to characterize subtype and anatomy.
What Are Blood Transfusions?
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1st annotated bibliography
The SynCardia total artificial heart is the only FDA-approved total artificial heart. It is pneumatically driven with air pumps and is used as a bridge to transplantation for patients at imminent risk of death, with over 1,100 successfully implanted. The engineers' goal is to develop a smaller pediatric version that works better. Studies examined the thrombo-reactivity, flow characteristics, and modeling of the SynCardia heart, including platelet reactivity, diaphragm motion modeling, and fluid-structure interactions through the inflow and outflow regions.
Morning report 3-3-14
Lewis Washkansky was the recipient of the first successful human heart transplant in 1967 in South Africa. While he survived over two weeks, he ultimately succumbed to pneumonia. Now approximately 2,000 heart transplants are performed annually in the US, allowing patients to live longer, healthier lives. The most common causes of death after transplant are graft failure early on, opportunistic infections between 6 months to a year post-transplant, and acute rejection within the first three years. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), where the transplanted coronary arteries develop atherosclerosis, increases risk of death beyond the first year. Screening for CAV involves annual coronary angiography. Treatment focuses on controlling hypertension and
Mitral valve prolapse
The document summarizes the anatomical components of the mitral valve including the annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae, and papillary muscles. It then describes mitral valve prolapse as a condition where the mitral leaflets protrude more than 2mm into the left atrium during systole. Mitral valve prolapse can be primary, such as in Barlow disease, or secondary to other causes. Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides unique visualization of the mitral valve anatomy and relationships.
Organ donation overview
1) Organ donation rates are low, with only 3 in 1000 people dying in a way that allows organ donation, while 1 person is added to the waiting list every 10 minutes and 1 dies every 20 minutes waiting.
2) There are 3 paths to organ donation - living donation, donation after cardiac death, and donation after brain death.
3) It is important to make an early referral to the organ procurement organization whenever a patient has a severe brain injury, is intubated, end of life measures are being considered, or the family asks about donation. This allows for screening and approaching families if appropriate.
Recommended
Annotated bibliographies
The document contains summaries of four sources that discuss total artificial hearts and their use as alternatives to heart transplants.
The first source discusses a case study of a patient who underwent strength and endurance training while supported by a total artificial heart. The patient experienced increased oxygen consumption and improved recovery after exercise, demonstrating the benefits of peripheral adaptations.
The second source summarizes studies on the SynCardia total artificial heart, the only FDA-approved artificial heart. It is pneumatically powered and has been successfully implanted in over 1,100 patients as a bridge to heart transplantation. Research aims to develop a smaller pediatric version.
The third source examines platelet reactivity, fluid dynamics, and modeling of the SynCardia artificial
QRS FRAGMENTATION: ADULT TETROLOGY OF FALLOT
QRS fragmentation on electrocardiogram (ECG) is a proposed risk factor for mortality in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). This study evaluated whether QRS fragmentation could predict mortality in a different population of 465 adults with repaired TOF. The presence and severity of QRS fragmentation on baseline ECG was assessed. Over a mean follow up of 13.6 years, 55 deaths occurred. Moderate to severe QRS fragmentation was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of all-cause mortality and reduced 20-year survival compared to those without or with only mild fragmentation. QRS fragmentation may serve as a simple, non-invasive marker of risk from routine ECGs in annual follow
Coração univentricular
This document provides an overview of univentricular heart, including:
1) Nomenclature and classification of univentricular heart remains debated due to morphological heterogeneity, though it generally refers to hearts with one functioning ventricular chamber connected to both atria.
2) Epidemiology shows an incidence of 54 cases per million live births, with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and tricuspid atresia being most common.
3) Diagnostic evaluation includes electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, and echocardiography to characterize subtype and anatomy.
What Are Blood Transfusions?
An experienced anesthesiologist and perioperative specialist, Dr. Elliott Bennett-Guerrero recently accepted a position as professor and vice chair for clinical research and innovation at Stony Brook University School of Medicine. Complementing his professional work, Dr. Elliott Bennett-Guerrero has written several scholarly articles on blood transfusions in cardiac surgery.
1st annotated bibliography
The SynCardia total artificial heart is the only FDA-approved total artificial heart. It is pneumatically driven with air pumps and is used as a bridge to transplantation for patients at imminent risk of death, with over 1,100 successfully implanted. The engineers' goal is to develop a smaller pediatric version that works better. Studies examined the thrombo-reactivity, flow characteristics, and modeling of the SynCardia heart, including platelet reactivity, diaphragm motion modeling, and fluid-structure interactions through the inflow and outflow regions.
Morning report 3-3-14
Lewis Washkansky was the recipient of the first successful human heart transplant in 1967 in South Africa. While he survived over two weeks, he ultimately succumbed to pneumonia. Now approximately 2,000 heart transplants are performed annually in the US, allowing patients to live longer, healthier lives. The most common causes of death after transplant are graft failure early on, opportunistic infections between 6 months to a year post-transplant, and acute rejection within the first three years. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), where the transplanted coronary arteries develop atherosclerosis, increases risk of death beyond the first year. Screening for CAV involves annual coronary angiography. Treatment focuses on controlling hypertension and
Mitral valve prolapse
The document summarizes the anatomical components of the mitral valve including the annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae, and papillary muscles. It then describes mitral valve prolapse as a condition where the mitral leaflets protrude more than 2mm into the left atrium during systole. Mitral valve prolapse can be primary, such as in Barlow disease, or secondary to other causes. Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides unique visualization of the mitral valve anatomy and relationships.
Organ donation overview
1) Organ donation rates are low, with only 3 in 1000 people dying in a way that allows organ donation, while 1 person is added to the waiting list every 10 minutes and 1 dies every 20 minutes waiting.
2) There are 3 paths to organ donation - living donation, donation after cardiac death, and donation after brain death.
3) It is important to make an early referral to the organ procurement organization whenever a patient has a severe brain injury, is intubated, end of life measures are being considered, or the family asks about donation. This allows for screening and approaching families if appropriate.
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Ventricular arterial coupling
This study examined ventricular-arterial (VA) coupling, a measure of cardiovascular performance, in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) compared to controls. The study found that pediatric DCM patients had higher arterial elastance, lower ventricular elastance, and higher VA coupling ratios than controls. Patients with poorer outcomes also had higher VA coupling ratios. A VA coupling ratio of ≥2 was found to be the top predictor of poor outcomes, including death, need for transplant, or use of mechanical circulatory support. This suggests that VA coupling may be a useful prognostic indicator for pediatric DCM patients.
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The document outlines goals for cardio-circulatory therapy in post-operative cardiac surgery patients. It recommends targeting specific hemodynamic parameters like mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, central venous pressure, and lactate levels. It also discusses guidelines for fluid management in these patients, noting medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch derivatives like Voluven are preferred for volume substitution over crystalloids or albumin. Voluven is not associated with increased bleeding or renal failure risks like other colloids at higher doses.
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often misdiagnosed as acute coronary syndrome. A diagnosis of TTS can be made using Mayo
diagnostic criteria. The initial management of TTS includes dual antiplatelet therapy,
anticoagulants, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or aldosterone
receptor blockers, and statins. Treatment is usually provided for up to three months and has a
good safety profile. For TTS with complications such as cardiogenic shock, management
depends on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). In patients without LVOTO,
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3rd annotated biblography
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ventricular wall dysfunction that is often triggered by physical or emotional stressors. Although
TTS is a rare disease with a prevalence of only 0.5% to 0.9% in the general population, it is
often misdiagnosed as acute coronary syndrome. A diagnosis of TTS can be made using Mayo
diagnostic criteria. The initial management of TTS includes dual antiplatelet therapy,
anticoagulants, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or aldosterone
receptor blockers, and statins. Treatment is usually provided for up to three months and has a
good safety profile. For TTS with complications such as cardiogenic shock, management
depends on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). In patients without LVOTO,
inotropic agents can be used to maintain pressure, while inotropic agents are contraindicated
in patients with LVOTO. In TTS with thromboembolism, heparin should be started, and
patients should be bridged to warfarin for up to three months to prevent systemic emboli. Our
comprehensive review discussed the management in detail, derived from the most recent
literature from observational studies, systematic review, and meta-analyses.
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2. It reviews epidemiological data on dual organ transplants and criteria for liver-kidney and heart-kidney transplants.
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3rd annotated biblography
A patient with a total artificial heart underwent a strength and endurance training program which was evaluated through repeated exercise tests. The tests showed an increase in oxygen consumption and improved recovery for the patient, demonstrating the benefits of peripheral adaptations to exercise even with an artificial heart. Studying this patient in isolation allowed researchers to separate the effects of peripheral versus cardiac adaptations, providing novel insights into the benefits of exercise.
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The document outlines six ways of acquiring knowledge: tenacity, intuition, authority, rationalism, empiricism, and science. Tenacity relies on habit and superstition without mechanisms for accuracy or error correction. Intuition involves guesswork without understanding. Authority accepts knowledge from respected sources without validation. Rationalism uses reasoning but can reach incorrect conclusions from false premises. Empiricism relies on subjective experience. Science is the most reliable method, using testing procedures that are objective, observable, and open to public inspection to separate facts from biases. It outlines the scientific method of identifying problems, forming hypotheses, designing experiments, conducting experiments, testing hypotheses, and disseminating results.
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1 acquiring knowledge
The document discusses six ways to acquire knowledge:
1. Tenacity - Acquiring knowledge through habit or superstition without a mechanism for error correction.
2. Intuition - Acquiring knowledge through guesses or hunches that can be misleading without a way to determine accuracy.
3. Authority - Unquestioningly accepting knowledge from respected sources without a way to validate it.
4. Rationalism - Using logical reasoning which can reach incorrect conclusions if premises or steps are flawed.
5. Empiricism - Acquiring knowledge through subjective experience alone which lacks control and ignores unobserved cases.
6. Science - Acquiring knowledge through objective evidence and testing of hypotheses according to a standardized procedure open to scrutiny
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This document discusses different types of knowledge:
1) Empirical knowledge is gained through the senses like sight, taste, touch, smell, and sometimes with instruments. Rational knowledge is based on logical truths. Intuitive knowledge is possessed without knowing where it came from.
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3) In experiments, scientists manipulate the independent variable and measure the dependent variable to search for cause-and-effect relationships in nature. Controlled variables are kept constant.
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This document discusses different sources of knowledge and methods of acquiring knowledge. It outlines several ways that humans gain knowledge, including common sense, intuition, beliefs, tradition, personal experience, authority, reason/logic, and scientific methods. The document also summarizes Charles Peirce's four methods of "fixing belief" or determining what is true - tenacity, authority, a priori reasoning, and the scientific method. The scientific method is described as a way to satisfy doubts and reach the same conclusions, where conclusions are determined by external factors instead of human thinking.
Chapter 4
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Data analysis and Interpretation
This document discusses various statistical analysis techniques used in marketing research. It begins by explaining how to bring raw data into order through arrays, tabulations and establishing categories. It then discusses descriptive, inferential, differences, associative and predictive analysis. The document also covers univariate techniques like t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests and multivariate techniques like regression, conjoint analysis and cluster analysis. It provides guidance on when to use specific statistical tests and covers statistics used in cross-tabulation like phi coefficient, contingency coefficient and Cramer's V.
Chapter 4 presentation of data
This chapter presents the analysis and results of a study of 200 psychology students at PUP. It includes tables on the demographic profile of respondents and effects of technological development on their socialization, self-esteem, and school performance. It also analyzes whether there is a correlation between technological developments of cellular phones and changes in respondents' behavior.
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
The document defines and describes various types of data analysis techniques:
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Data analysis powerpoint
The document provides information about analyzing and interpreting data through various graphs and calculations. It defines terms like mean, median, mode, and range. It explains how to calculate the mean, median, mode, and range of a data set. It also defines and compares different types of graphs like bar graphs, circle graphs, line graphs, line plot graphs, pictographs, and Venn diagrams. Finally, it provides some practice websites for interpreting data.
Presentation of data
Here are the class widths, marks and boundaries for the given class intervals:
a. Class interval (ci): 4 – 8
Class Width: 4
Class Mark: 6
Class Boundary: 3.5 – 8.5
b. Class interval (ci): 35 – 44
Class Width: 9
Class Mark: 39.5
Class Boundary: 34.5 – 43.5
c. Class interval (ci): 17 – 21
Class Width: 4
Class Mark: 19
Class Boundary: 16.5 – 20.5
d. Class interval (ci): 53 – 57
Class Width: 4
Class Mark: 55
Class Boundary: 52.5 –
Data analysis powerpoint
This document discusses descriptive and inferential statistics used in nursing research. It defines key statistical concepts like levels of measurement, measures of central tendency, descriptive versus inferential statistics, and commonly used statistical tests. Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio are the four levels of measurement, with ratio allowing the most data manipulation. Descriptive statistics describe sample data while inferential statistics allow estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses. Common descriptive statistics include mean, median and mode, while common inferential tests are t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square and correlation. Type I errors incorrectly reject the null hypothesis.
Chapter 10-DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION
The document outlines the steps for planning and conducting data analysis, including determining the method of analysis, processing and interpreting the data, and presenting the findings through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques to answer research questions. It also discusses the components and format for writing up the final research paper, including the preliminary pages, main body, and supplementary pages.
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Similar to 2nd annotated biblography
Annotated bibliographies
The document contains summaries of four sources that discuss total artificial hearts and their use as alternatives to heart transplants. The sources discuss:
1) A case study of a patient who underwent strength and endurance training while supported by a total artificial heart, finding benefits to oxygen consumption and recovery.
2) Details of the SynCardia total artificial heart including its pneumatic design, FDA approval, use for bridge to transplantation, and over 1,100 successful implants.
3) Ongoing investigations examining platelet reactivity, flow characteristics, and modeling of the total artificial heart.
4) Experience with over 100 total artificial heart implants, showing a 69% survival rate to transplantation and the artificial heart functioning for
Total artificial heart review paper
This document discusses total artificial hearts (TAHs) which are mechanical pumps that replace both ventricles of the heart. TAHs serve as a bridge to heart transplantation for patients with end-stage heart failure who are waiting for donor organs. The document reviews the history of TAH development, results from clinical trials of different TAH models, and future aims to develop smaller, more durable artificial hearts. It concludes that TAHs have significantly improved survival for patients with advanced heart failure by providing long-term circulatory support for over 16 years in some cases while they await transplantation.
Medcrave Group - Heart transplantation
Since the first heart transplant, refinement of donor and recipient selection methods, better donor heart management, and advances in immunosuppression have
significantly improved survival. In this first of two articles, a perspective of the current realities of cardiac transplantation is shown, as well as the challenges to sustain services worldwide, and some of the new developments, both resently available and just beyond the horizon. Topics that will be covered in this first part include the donor and recipient demographics, as well as recent advances in transplantation immunology, allograft vasculopathy, and immune tolerance.
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY HEART FAILURE
Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which structural or functional cardiac disorder impairs the ability of the heart to function as a pump to support the physiological circulation. The medical therapy remains the
mainstay of treatment in these patients. The medical therapy can improve the quality of life and the longevity in
these patients, but this becomes insufficient in refractory heart failure. The heart failure is considered refractory when patients continued to be symptomatic despite optimal dose of medications, characterized by advanced structural heart disease. These patients will need frequent hospitalizations and the overall prognosis is very poor.
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Redo-Transplants- Is It More or Less (or) t...
This study examined the relationship between the MELD-XI score and mortality in patients who received an orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). The researchers analyzed data from over 27,000 OHT patients between 2002-2012 from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. They found that 22% of patients had a MELD-XI score over 17 at the time of transplant. Higher MELD-XI scores were associated with significantly lower 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year survival rates compared to those with lower scores. After adjusting for other factors, a high MELD-XI score remained an independent predictor of increased mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years following OHT. This large study demonstrates
Inside the issues
This document summarizes several studies related to advanced heart failure:
1) A study of 2,816 patients found that initial strategy (bridge to transplant vs. destination therapy) impacted outcomes, with bridge to transplant having better survival rates. Strategies often changed over time.
2) A study of 50 patients found that placing an intra-aortic balloon pump through the left axillary artery allowed mobility and was a feasible strategy to bridge patients to heart transplantation.
3) A study comparing everolimus to mycophenolate mofetil in preventing cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplant found everolimus was more effective in reducing intimal thickening and cases of vasculopathy.
A new era in HTx with DCD Dr Manoj Agny, Heart Transplant Surgeon
This document discusses the potential for using donation after circulatory death (DCD) as a new source of donor hearts for transplantation. It describes an Organ Care System (OCS) that can preserve donor hearts in a warm, functioning state ex vivo for longer periods than traditional cold storage. This would allow hearts to be transported over greater distances and assessed for function before transplantation. Clinical trials show that DCD hearts preserved with OCS have comparable function to hearts from brain-dead donors. Using DCD donors and OCS could significantly increase the donor heart pool and address the shortage of organs for heart transplantation.
Coronary endarterectomy and patch angioplasty for diffuse coronary artery dis...
CABG may not be sufficient to treat the diffusely diseased coronary arteries. New techniques such as coronary endarterectomy with patch angioplasty may provide a solution.
Artificial heart
The document discusses the history and development of total artificial hearts (TAH) as a treatment for end-stage heart failure. It outlines how TAHs serve as a bridge to transplantation for patients waiting on donor organs. Several TAH devices are described, including the Jarvik 7, SynCardia, AbioCor, and CardioWest models. The document also notes some limitations of TAHs but that they provide a viable alternative for patients in need of heart transplants.
Cardio
This study compared the platelet inhibitor ticagrelor to clopidogrel in 18,624 patients with acute coronary syndrome, with or without ST elevation. At 12 months, the primary endpoint of death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction or stroke occurred in 9.8% of patients on ticagrelor vs 11.7% on clopidogrel, showing ticagrelor was more effective. Ticagrelor also reduced death from any cause and myocardial infarction alone, but increased non-procedure related bleeding including fatal intracranial bleeding. Overall major bleeding was similar between groups. The study demonstrates ticagrelor reduces ischemic events compared to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome patients without increasing major bleeding risk.
Protect Your Heart And Save You Life By
This document discusses the dangers and ineffectiveness of angioplasty compared to lifestyle changes and bypass surgery for treating coronary obstruction. It states that angioplasty is risky, provides only a temporary solution, and has high costs both financially and in terms of health risks. By contrast, lifestyle changes can prevent or reverse obstruction in many cases. For those who need intervention, bypass surgery provides a complete and long-term solution at a lower cost than repeated angioplasty procedures. The document concludes that lifestyle changes should be the first approach, with bypass surgery as the preferred intervention over angioplasty.
Protect Your Heart And Save You Life By
This document discusses the dangers and ineffectiveness of angioplasty compared to lifestyle changes and bypass surgery for treating coronary obstruction. It states that angioplasty is risky, provides only a temporary solution, and has high costs both financially and in terms of health risks. By contrast, lifestyle changes can prevent or reverse obstruction in many cases. For those who need intervention, bypass surgery provides a complete and long-term solution at a lower cost than repeated angioplasty procedures. The document concludes that lifestyle changes should be the first approach, with bypass surgery as the preferred intervention over angioplasty.
Protect Your Heart And Save You Life By
This document discusses the dangers and ineffectiveness of angioplasty compared to lifestyle changes and bypass surgery for treating coronary obstruction. It states that angioplasty is risky, provides only a temporary solution, and has high costs both financially and in terms of health risks. By contrast, lifestyle changes can prevent or reverse obstruction in many cases. For those who need intervention, bypass surgery provides a complete and long-term solution at a lower cost than repeated angioplasty procedures. The document concludes that lifestyle changes should be the first approach, with bypass surgery as the preferred intervention over angioplasty.
Heart Transplantation in India, Delhi
Heart transplantation involves replacing a failing heart with a healthy donor heart. It is considered for patients with advanced heart failure who do not get relief from medications. Key steps include evaluating the recipient and donor, matching them based on blood type and size, performing the surgery by removing the recipient's heart and suturing in the donor heart, and providing lifelong immunosuppression drugs to prevent rejection. Long term challenges after transplantation include organ rejection, infection, coronary artery disease in the transplant heart, and cancer due to immunosuppression.
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Inva...
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with
Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) Trial: Rationale
and Design
HLHS WJPCHS
This document summarizes the outcomes of an emerging pediatric cardiac surgery program's experience with surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and related anomalies between 2010-2014. The program achieved an overall hospital survival rate of 81% by utilizing different surgical strategies including the Norwood procedure, hybrid procedure, and salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood procedure based on individual patient factors. Cardiac comorbidities such as obstructed pulmonary venous return influenced the choice to use a hybrid or salvage strategy. The program's flexible approach and matching of surgical strategy to patient characteristics helped achieve outcomes comparable to benchmark data, despite being a new program.
Stem cell transplantation for heart failure
This document summarizes stem cell transplantation for heart failure, discussing the types of stem cells tested, delivery methods, and clinical trials. It describes how bone marrow mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiac progenitor cells have shown potential benefits in reducing scarring and improving cardiac function in preclinical and early clinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. The most common delivery methods have been intramyocardial via endocardial or epicardial approaches and intracoronary infusion, with endomyocardial delivery being the most widely used technique clinically. Larger clinical trials are still needed to determine which cell types and delivery methods are most effective for treating heart failure.
Daily Dose Equities - Effect of Transendocardial Delivery
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of transendocardial delivery of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in 92 patients with chronic heart failure. The primary objectives were to determine if BMC administration improved left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), maximal oxygen consumption, or reversibility of perfusion defects on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) compared to placebo at 6 months. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the BMC and placebo groups in changes in LVESV, maximal oxygen consumption, or reversible defect size by SPECT. There were also no differences in any secondary outcomes, including echocardiographic or clinical measures. Thus, tran
CCTGA dobutamine
1) The study compared systemic right ventricular function in unoperated and physiologically repaired congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) patients to healthy controls, using MRI dobutamine stress testing.
2) At baseline, systemic right ventricular volumes were larger but ejection fraction was lower in CCTGA patients compared to controls. However, all groups responded appropriately to dobutamine stress with increases in stroke volume and cardiac index.
3) While CCTGA patients had diminished ejection fraction at baseline compared to controls, their systemic right ventricle responded similarly to dobutamine stress, suggesting preserved cardiac reserve. MRI dobutamine stress may help identify CCTGA patients who can be observed without operation.
Mangement of chronic heart failure
It was written by me for a client. I was late so it was not accepted, hence I am uploading it for other friends.
Similar to 2nd annotated biblography (20)
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY HEART FAILURE
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY HEART FAILURE
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Redo-Transplants- Is It More or Less (or) t...
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Redo-Transplants- Is It More or Less (or) t...
A new era in HTx with DCD Dr Manoj Agny, Heart Transplant Surgeon
A new era in HTx with DCD Dr Manoj Agny, Heart Transplant Surgeon
Coronary endarterectomy and patch angioplasty for diffuse coronary artery dis...
Coronary endarterectomy and patch angioplasty for diffuse coronary artery dis...
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Inva...
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Inva...
Daily Dose Equities - Effect of Transendocardial Delivery
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Reflective essay biology class
1) The author entered a summer program for science students called Rise that allowed them to gain experience as a researcher. They took a General Biology course with lab and met other talented students with similar goals.
2) The General Biology course was more difficult than the author's previous high school biology class due to better lab equipment in college. The class included field trips to tropical forests in Puerto Rico and presenting a research proposal.
3) Overall, the summer was a good learning and fun experience that gave the author a taste of college life before starting their freshman year and prepared them for future science courses and a career as a researcher.
Argumentative essay
College provides important educational and life experiences beyond just career preparation. It teaches students about different subjects that help them communicate and learn about various topics. Certain classes like humanities and acting help students develop confidence and abilities to debate in front of others. Overall, college educates people to be better contributors to society and allows them to discover themselves. It can also entertain students by giving them confidence that they are doing meaningful work that can help people in the future.
Phage presentation spring 2014-2
Two novel mycobacteriophages were isolated from a soil sample collected in Puerto Rico. One bacteriophage, named Nitidusvenutus, was found near cow feces in Gurabo, Puerto Rico. Based on its clear plaques, Nitidusvenutus is assumed to have a lytic life cycle. Future plans include isolating the DNA of Nitidusvenutus and conducting bioinformatics analyses and sequencing.
Final osmosis summary
This document summarizes an experiment observing osmosis and selective transport across lipid membranes. The experiment involved fusing aqueous droplets containing lipid solutions to form bilayers, and observing how the bilayers influenced the transport of water and dyes between the droplets. Dye-filled vesicles were placed near bilayers, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer showed the dyes passed between some molecules but not across the selectively permeable bilayers. The results demonstrated how the composition of membranes affects the rates of water and molecule transport, with applications for understanding and treating lipid-related diseases.
Phage hunters 2014 (2)
The document discusses a RISE program project on bacteriophages. It presents the students involved and their professors. It provides background on bacteriophages and describes strategies for locating and isolating new phages in Puerto Rico. Samples were collected from various environments and 10 isolated phages were identified. Future work involves characterizing the phages through electron microscopy and genetic sequencing. The students thank various supporters of the program.
Final research paper
The document describes an experiment conducted by Lizbeth Pérez Castro and Javier Zavala Ayala to isolate a novel bacteriophage from soil samples collected in Puerto Rico. Soil samples were collected and enriched with bacterial hosts, then filtered and purified through multiple rounds of plating and streaking. A novel mycobacteriophage was successfully isolated from a soil sample collected near cow feces. The isolated phage, termed Nitidusvenutus, was then characterized through proteomic analysis, electron microscopy, and genomic DNA extraction and analysis.
Final nanoparticles summary
Proteins perform many functions in living organisms and differ based on their amino acid sequence. Affinity chromatography uses the interaction between proteins and ligands to separate proteins, and magnetic nanoparticles can be used to make this process faster and more efficient. In this experiment, magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and bound to tissue plasminogen activator to isolate it using affinity chromatography, washing and eluting steps. Absorbance readings would then indicate if proteins were successfully isolated.
Final coliphages summary
This document discusses water sampling and testing methods to identify pathogens in drinking water. It describes how the coliphage method uses E. coli bacteria and water samples to detect the presence of coliphages, which can indicate fecal contamination. This quick and inexpensive test allows scientists to identify pathogens in water and determine which water sources are clean for public use. The coliphage method helps reduce water-related infections by detecting potentially harmful bacteria and viruses.
Final microscopy summary
The document discusses different types of microscopes and their uses. It explains that the microscope was invented by Robert Hooke and is an important tool for research scientists. Different microscopes like bright-field, phase contrast, and electron microscopes provide different views of samples and are used to observe small organisms and structures. The document concludes that microscopes have been critical to discoveries in science by allowing observation of microorganisms, cell structures, and small components of living things.
Final nanotechnology summary
Nanotechnology involves manipulating objects at the nanoscale, or 10-9 meters. It has existed for thousands of years but recent scientific advances have allowed for more control over nanotechnology. Some benefits include increased surface area and faster chemical reactions. Scientists now use nanoparticles to target medicine delivery to tumors and reduce risks of chemotherapy. The document describes electrospinning, a process using electrical charge to draw very fine fibers from liquid, and sputtering, which ejects atoms from a solid target through bombardment, allowing deposition of thin films. Both are important nanotechnology techniques.
Final dna summary
DNA barcoding uses mitochondrial DNA to identify unknown species by comparing DNA sequences to a reference database of known species. The workshop demonstrated DNA barcoding techniques like extracting and sequencing mitochondrial DNA from fish samples. While a useful identification tool, DNA barcoding must be supplemented with taxonomic observation to avoid misclassification, as two species can share the same mitochondrial DNA. The workshop also covered proteomics to identify active enzymes in samples and construct evolutionary trees, helping classify species. Participants learned about DNA barcoding, proteomics, and one researcher's work identifying rare worm species.
Curriculum vitae
Javier Zavala Ayala graduated from Colegio Catolico Notre Dame high school in 2013 and received his Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey in 2017. During his studies, he took courses in biology, botany, and scientific literature and conducted research projects on stem cells and a total artificial heart. His laboratory skills include streak plating, gel electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting, and microscopy. He is proficient in Spanish and English and has leadership, teamwork, flexibility, and coaching skills.
4rth seminar reflection
The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which lacks the ability to regenerate, and the peripheral nervous system, whose neurons can regenerate in adult vertebrates. The central nervous system is inhibited from regenerating by factors in its environment, lack of growth factors, and low cyclic AMP levels. Researchers aim to develop a genetically manipulable model using C. elegans, which has an identifiable nervous system, to identify molecules that regulate axon regeneration and potentially enable future central nervous system regeneration to help those with spinal cord injuries or neuron damage.
3rd seminar reflection
This seminar discussed how LPIN1 regulates adrenal cortex function by controlling the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) through protein kinase A (PKA). Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates cortisol secretion by activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic AMP levels, which activates PKA. PKA then regulates DGK, which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid that binds the steroidogenic factor 1 to enhance cortisol production. Research found that mutations in the gene encoding LPIN1 cause fatty liver dystrophy in mice, and LPIN1 acts as a phosphatidic acid phosphatase enzyme that may contribute to regulating hormones
1st seminar reflection
The document discusses research into labeling and investigating the complex cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using unnatural metabolic sugars. Scientists were able to label a trehalose glycolipid called TreAz, enabling them to better understand metabolic pathways and glycolipid distribution among mycobacteria. This research seeks to fully map the elements that make up the Mtb cell wall, which acts as a barrier against antibiotics and contributes to Mtb's dangerous nature. Understanding the cell wall is an important first step toward curing tuberculosis.
2nd seminar reflection
Entscheidungsproblem consists of a challenge to find an algorithm that takes a mathematical statement as input and outputs whether it is true or false. Alan Turing proposed to settle this problem by incorporating basic math into machines. Turing created a Turing machine, a finite program that uses symbols on tape according to rules, to partially solve computable functions. Turing showed that halting made it impossible to fully solve Hilbert's Entscheidungsproblem and contributed to code breaking during World War II. His work formed the basis of modern computer systems.
Annotated bibliography javier zavala
This document appears to be a rubric for assessing annotated bibliographies. It contains three categories for evaluation: A) Summary & CSE Style Manual Format, B) English Competence, and C) Critical Thinking. Category A evaluates if the article is completely summarized and the bibliographic reference is in CSE format. Category B assesses correct grammar, clarity, and coherence. Category C examines if the article's contribution to the review paper is adequately critiqued. Points are awarded on a scale of 1 to 5 for each category.
Reflective essay biology course
The Rise summer program provided students with an exciting and enriching experience. They took biology and laboratory classes that covered introductory biology concepts and allowed students to conduct hands-on experiments. Field trips to different biomes like El Yunque and Guanica Dry Forest helped students visualize how animals adapt to various environmental conditions. Students also learned how to write a research proposal for the first time, which was challenging but provided an opportunity to study an interesting topic like stem cell transplants.
Reflective essay
This course helped students develop skills needed to be successful scientists. It focused on analyzing scientific articles and writing reflections, learning proper citation and bibliography format, and creating a review paper synthesizing information from multiple sources. Students practiced summarizing articles in their own words, learned to cite sources to avoid plagiarism, and developed their writing and review skills through assignments analyzing papers and creating a final review paper on a topic of their choice.
Curriculum vitae
Javier M. Zavala Ayala graduated from Colegio Catolico Notre Dame in 2013 and received a Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey in 2017. He has experience with proposal and review papers and laboratory techniques including streak plating, gel electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting, mass spectrometry, plant cross sectioning, and microscopy. He is fluent in Spanish and English and was a member of the RISE program.
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2nd annotated biblography
- 1. Copeland J, Copeland H, Gustafson M, Mineburg N, Covington D, Smith R, Friedman M. 2012. Experience with more than 100 total artificial heart implants. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 143(3): 727–734. Artifical heart is indicated in refractory heart failure patients as a bridge to transplantation, a bridge to recovery, or as destination therapy, in alternative to transplantation.The SynCardia total artificial heart has been used as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, and has showed efficacy. There are some conditions, like morbidity, that prevents the patient from receiving this kind of transplant. Results show that the survival to transplantation is 69%. Also shows that the artificial heart can function up to 16 years. The artificial heart is transplanted into patients that don not qualify as candidates for left ventricular assist devices. This article provides my review paper with specific results, showing the advantages of artificial hearts.