1. 02 mrspzfPAoh (02 Chapter )
idrOrAuhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh
;`<ska m@lg jk ixcdkk yd prAhd moku
( Foundation of Cognition and Behaviour
as an Value in Concept in Metta )
idrOrAu ms<snZo yeZoskajSu ( Introduction of Values )
huzlsis ixl,amhla ( Concept ) idrOrAuhla ( Value ) jkafka tlS ixl,amh
uZ.ska ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl hk f; wxYfhkau uqZM uy;a ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhysu ys;
iqj isKsi hf:dala; ixl,amh l@shd;aul lsrSfuz mj;sk yelshdj u;h' thska .uH jkqfha
huzlsis ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jSug wksjdrAhfhkau tlS ixl,amh m@fhda.sl ;,fha mej;Su
wksjdrAh njhs' ixl,amhla yqfolau idrOrAuhla fkdjSfuz fya;`j fuhska meyeos,sh'1 Tzkeu
ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jk jsg tys ffcj jsoHd;aul yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul Wmfhda.S;djh
i,ld ixcdkk ( Cognition ) yd prAhd ( Behaviour ) hk fCIa;@ folla hgf;a ie,ls,a,g
.; yelsh' fuz hgf;a ixcdkkh yd prAhdj hk fo wxYhu idrOrAuhla ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g
.ekSfuz oS b;du;a jeo.;a tl yd iudk jgskdluzj,ska hq;` oDIagsfldaK folls' tfukau
kQ;kfhys ffcj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul mCIfhka fuz fo wxYh ms<snZoju
jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla is|= lr we;s ksid b;du jsYajikSh wkaouska idOl iys;j u
lreKq f.kyer oelajSfuz wjYH;djh fujeks TzkEu Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKhla iuznJOfhka
w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'2
idrOrAuhla hkafkka weZ.fjkqfha l`ulaoehs meyeos,sj wrA: ksrEmKh lr.ekSu
fuysoS m<uqfldgu jeo.;ah' idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka lsishuz jsreoaO fyda
jsfjzpkd;aul yeisrSula fyda meje;aula fjkqjg huz ksYaps; yeisrSula fyda meje;aula iuZ.
fm#oa.,sl jYfhka fyda iudcSh jYfhka tlZ.jSuls' ;j;a f,ilska wrA: olaj;fyd;a"
idrOrAuhla hkq mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;a lrk fmdfydi;a lrk udkqIsl
.`Kdx.hls' idrOrAu lsishuz ixialD;shlg fyda wd.ulg fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shlg fyda
wkHkH fjhss' tu ixialD;sl rgdj fyda wd.usl ikaorANh fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;sh wkqj usi bka
mrsndysrj idrOrAu ms<snZoj l:d lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid ksIaM, jQjls' fndfyda jsg fndfyda
fokd idrOrAu iuZ.u ixialD;sh fyda wd.u fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shla fyda ms<snZojo iZoyka
lrk nj olakg ,efnkafka o fuu fya;`j ksiduh' 3
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2. fuz fya;`j ksidu lsishuz idrOrAuhl jshqla;;d .`Kh we;ehs lsj fkdyelsh'
jshqla;;d .`Kh rys;nj hkafkka woyia jkqfha fuysoS wjOdkhg .efkk ixialD;sl iudc
fyda wd.usl iSudfjka mrsndysrj idrOrAuj,g meje;aula rys;h hkakhs' idrOrAu jshqla;
fohla fkdjk nejska th ksrka;rfhkau wrA:j;a jkafka lsishuz ndysr iudc mrsirhla
iuZ.uh' fuz ksid tu ndysr iudc mrsirfhys wkkH;d ,CIKj,g .e,fmk f,i idrOrAu
ilia fjz' huzlsis iudc mrsirhla;`<oS we.hqug ,la flfrk idrOrAuhla fyda idrOrAu ;j;a
iudc mrsirhla;`<oS ta yd iudkj we.hqug ,la fkdlsrSu fyda tajd idrOrAu fkdjk nj
fmkajd oSu ;`< ;yjqre jkqfha idrOrAu ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg fyda iudc mrsirfhka
mrsirhg mj;akd jQ jsp,Huh fohla njhs'4
idrOrAu hkak yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk ;j;a mo
fndfyduhla we;' tkuz yr" jgskdluz" mqreIdrA:" w.hka" jsksYaphka" i;a.`K" .`KOrAu yd
usksialuz hkdoS jYfhks' fn#oaOd.usl ikaorANh hgf;a idrOrAu mqKH l@shd" l`i, lrAu yd
l@shdis;a jYfhka wrA: oelafjz'idrOrAu ms<snZoj iZoyka lrkjsg by; olajk ,o ish,q mrAhdh
kduhkaf.ka weZ.fjk wrA: idrOrAu hkafkka lshfjz'5 fjk;a f,ilska wrA:j;a l<fyd;a"
wjidk js.@yh;`<oS idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka o ixl,am fjz' TzkEu ixl,amhla hkq
ffcj ixcdkkhg wruqKq jk lsishuz ixfjzos;djla jYfhka olajf;d;a th ksjeros fjz'
usksidg fuka u fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhkg o ixfjzokhka ;sfnz' kuq;a tjeks ixfjzokhka
fnfyjska m@d:usl ugzgfuz ixfjzokhka jk w;r usksidg fuka oshqKq fyda ixjrAOkhg m;a
iakdhquh l@shdldrSFjhla yd b;du jsYd, ixlSrAK jHqyhka wka;rA.; uia;sIalhla Wreu lr
fkd.;a fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkayg ke;' Tjqkg fjzokdj" |=l" nsh" wdidj" wdorh" fldamh yd
yqol,d iajNdjh jeks wixjrAOs; udkisl ixfjzokhka jskaokh lsrSfuz yelshdj muKla we;'
th jqjo lsishuz udkisl wdfjz.hla jeks ixfjzokhla muKs' usksidg fulS ;;ajh wnsnjd
lsishuz ixfjzokhla tys wdfjz.uh ia:rh blaujd ixl,amSh ;,fha isg jsZo.ekSfuz Yla;sh we;'
fuh ixfjzokhkays nqoaOsuh l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska yg .;a iajNdjhls' fuu nqoaOsuh iajNdjh
jvd;a ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au usksid Tyqf.a m@d:usl .;s isrs;a j,ska yd yeisrSuz rgd j,ska wE;a
jS tla;rd YsIagdpdruh wjia:djlg t<fUz' fuh udkj YsIagdpdrfhys tla;rd oshqKq
wjia:djla iksgqyka lrkakla fjz' l@u l@ufhka ffcj jrA.hdf.a udkj YsIagdpdruh ;;ajh
f.dvkZ.d .ksuska oshqKq j;au ffcj jrA.hdf.a oshqKqj yd iqN isoaOsh wruqKq lrf.k
f.dvkefZ.k tu ixl,am idrOrAu kuska yeZoskafjkakg jsh' tu ksid idrOrAuj, uQ,sl
ixl,amSh ,CIKj,g wu;rj iodpdruh" ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl hkdoS jsjsO wx. ,CIK o
wka;rA.;j we;'
by; oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos TzkEu idrOrAuhl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd
udkqIsl wrA:j;a njla olakg ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau hym;ah' m@;scdkd;aulh' krl
idrOrAu hkqfjka woyiajkakd jQ fohla lsisfia;au ke;' fuz fya;`j ksid tnkaola .ek
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3. is;Sugj;a fkdyelsh' nq|=iufha TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` jsiska fkdl< hq;` hehs oelafjk miamjq yd
oi wl`i,a whym;a yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul prAhdjkag ( Negative Behaviour ) ksoiqka f,i
oelajsh yel' tajd idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackh lrk nejsks' tfiau ta ksid tajd
idrOrAu f,i yeZoskajsh fkdyelsh' tfiau tjeks l@shdjka is|= lsrSfuka mqoa.,dka;r yd iudc
iuznJO;d nsZo oefuk fyhska TzkEu ndysr iudc miq;,hla;`<oS tajdg ysus i;H we.ehqu
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fkdfjkiaj mj;S'
m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ( Positive Values ) ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjsg uSg
iuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk mZvsjre isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkau udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd
.`rel`,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah' Tz,afmdgzf.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq
iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’ nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh neyerlrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk
iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i .; yel' tfiau th iajShFjh fyda fm#reIFjh f,io
wrA:l:kh l< yel' iajShFjh yd fm#reIFjh hk lreKq fol .;fyd;a th fjku
idlpzPdjg ,la l< hq;` ;rfuz jeo.;a ud;Dld folls' fuz ms<snZoj kQ;kfha is|= flrS we;s
mrAfhaIK yd Ydia;@Sh oekqu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj" ixjrAOkd;aul ufkdajsoHdj" <ud
ufkdajsoHdj" ufkda jsoHd;aul orAYkh" wOHdmk orAYkh" wdpdr jsoHdj yd orAYkh hk jsIh
fCIa;@hhkays me;sr mj;shs' fuz jsIh fCIa;@hhka tllg tlla iuznJO jk w;r fuzjdfhys
idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jkakd jQ uD;Dld fndfyda fihskau iudkFjhla Wiq,hs' 7
idrOrAu hk jok bx.@sis NdIdfjz Values hk wrA:fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s
tlls' tys idudkH wrA:h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs' usksiqka w.h lrk ishZM foh
idrOrAu f,i .; fkdyels nejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr .ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh'
fuhska lshefjk wfkla foh kuz idrOrAu fkdjk ke;fyd;a idrOrAu f,i ie,lsh fkdyels
w.hkao mj;sk njhs' fuu w.hka mqoa., jYfhka fukau idudcSh jYfhkao jsh yelsh' w.hka
jkdyS huzlsis fohla iZoyd fmd|= talus;slj wdfrdamKh lrk ,oaodjQ fohls' t;`< udkqIsl nj
.enzjsh yelsh' tfiau tfia fkdjsh yelso jsh yelsh' tfia jshyels w.hka idrOrAu f,i
ms<s.ekSu ms<snZoj wfma .egZMjla fkdue;' .egZMj we;af;a tfia fkdjsh yels foa ms<snZojh' fuz
fya;`j ksid idrOrAu w.hkaj,ska fjkalr.kakd jQ uskquz oKav ms<snZoj ld,hla ;siafia
odrAYkslhka fukau ufkda jsoHdZ{hska w;ro fndfyda jsjdoiy.; wdl,am we;s jS ;snsKs'8 fuz
ksid fndfyda fofkl`g idrOrAu hk jpkfha iSudj l`ulaoehs ksYaps;j jgyd.ekSu wiSrejsh'
Values hk jpkfhys we;s mg,ejs,s nj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs'
‘Values hkak jsjsO iajrEmfhka js.@ylr we;'jsjsO wh th f;areuz .kafka
ish oDIagsfldaKhg wkqjh' i;HjYfhka oelajqjfyd;a wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia uSg jvd ksYaps;
ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdc moh w;ayer oeuSug is|=fjkq we;'’ tan@yuz
udiaf,da fuhska olajd isgskafka idrOrAu hkafka wrA:h th jsjsOdrA:fhka Ndjs;d lsrSu;`<ska
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4. uq,ska iZoyka l< iajrEmhg jvd w;sYhskau mqZM,a jS f.dia we; nj;a tksid thska uq,ska woyia
l< wrA:hg huzlsis ydkshla is|= jS we;s nj;ah' tfukau uq,ska woyia lrk ,o wrA:h mejiSu
iZoyd idrOrAu hk moh w;ayer fjk;a jpkhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuz wjYH;djh jrA;udkh jk
jsg u;`j we;s njo fy;u fmkajd oS we;' 9
idrOrAu ms<snZoj tan@yuz udiaf,da iZoyka lrk fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs'
‘Values hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th
fkdfhla fkdfhla wrA:fhkao jrskajr wrA: udre lruskao Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid we;sjS ;sfnk
jHl~,Fjhhs'’ huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hl ksYaps; wrA:hla f.koSu msKsi jHjydr lrk ,o
;dCIK mohla thska mrsndysrj idudkHlrKh jSu ksid thska uq,ska woyia lrk ,o
jsoHd;aul wrA:h .s,syS f.dia we;s nj uelaksf.a m@ldYfhka fy<sfjz' idudkHlrKShjSu
idudkH jHjydrfhys mj;sk jpk iZoyd fhda.Hh'kuq|= Ydia;@Sh Ndjs;fhaoS ksYaps; wrA: f.k
10
oSu iZoyd tnZ|= jpk jHjydr l< fkdyels njg m;a fjz' tfiau ta iuZ.u wod< mofhys
Ydia;@Sh mokuo jshelS hdug mgka .kshs' fuz fya;`j ksid Ydia;@Sh jHydrfhys mj;sk ;dCIK
mo tys Ydia;@Sh rduqj ;`<u jHjydr jkafka kuz jvd fydZo nj fmfka' idrOrAu;`< huz
jsksYaphla fyda Bg wod< uQ,sldx. we;`<;a jk w;r" tajd uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a ksjeros hym;a
fyda wdYd lrkq ,nk woyia yd u;hka meyeos,s flfrA' fuu idrOrAu;`< ;on, udkqIsl
,CIK we;`<;a fjz' wm jsiska mqoa.,hkaj Tjqkaf.a idrOrAuj, mj;sk oevsNdjh u; fY@aKs.;
lsrSuz l< jsg th mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s idrOrAu moaO;shla ( Value System ) f,i yeZoskafjz'11
lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`f.a w.kdluz fyj;a idrOrAu tys .enzjk udkqIsl w.h u;
fY@aKs.; lrkq ,nk OQrdj,shla idrOrAu moaO;shla kuz fjz' fuz Oqrdj<sh flfkl`f.a udkqIsl
nj fjkiajk wkqms<sfj<g iliajkakla o fjz' udkqIsl nj wkql@ufhka uD|= yd kuHYS,S yeisrSuz
rgdjla olajd mrsjrA;kh jSfuzoS idrOrAu j, ;;ajh jevs oshqKq fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh is;
uD|= yd kuHYS,S njg m;alrjk ixl,amhls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEfuka idrOrAu
moaO;sfhys OQrdj<s rgdj wkql@ufhka oevsNdjfhys isg uD|=Ndjh olajd mrsjrA;kh fjz'
huzlsis idrOrAuhla wkql@ufhka Wiia ;,hla lrd ixjrAOkhjSu hkafkys kshdudrA:h jkqfhao
tajd yels;dla fmd|= udkqIsl ;,fha msysgSuhs' mqoa.,hska;`< we;s wd;audrA:lduS nj |=re lsrSug
olajk Wmfhda.S;dj idrOrAuj, Wiianjg fya;`jls' tfiau ta iZoyd bjy,ajk ixl,am
mj;skafka kuz ksYaps; f,i tnZ|= ixl,am fiiq udkj wdl,am ixialrKh msKsi bjy,a jk
uQ,sl Wmdx. f,i kuz l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h yd tu ixcdkk
fCIa;@h weiqre fldg ixialrK l@shdj<shg ,lajk yeisrSuz rgdj fyj;a prAhd moaO;sh uZ.ska
fiiq idrOrAu ixl,am fuyhjSulg ,la lrk nejz meyeos,sju fmkS hk lreKls' mqoa.,hka
ish,q fokdgu idrOrAu moaO;shla jsiska ksrAudKh lrkq ,nk idrOrAu OQrdj,shla fyj;a
ugzguz iuQyhla we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid mqoa.,hka;`< idudkHfhka oel.;
yels us;@Fjh" wkqluzmdj" mfrdamldrh" fifkyi" wdorh jeks .`Kdx. idrOrAu f,i oelajsh
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5. yel' jsjsO udkj wdl,am flfrys fuzjdfha we;s idfmaCI jeo.;alu u; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
iuzmrAlh ,nkakd jQ idrOrAu moaO;sh yZ|=kd.; yelsh'12 fujeks udkqIsl .`Kdx. nsys jkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa., uki fnfyjska uD|= yd kuHYS,S fjkilg nZ|=ka lrk ksidh'
;ud fukau wkqkao tl yd iudk fmd|= cSjk whs;sjdisluz N`la;s jsZoshhq;` nj jgyd .ekSug fuz
ksid yelshdj ,efnz' wfkl`;a iFj jrA.hd ;udf.a m@fhdackh msKsi nsysj we;s fuj,uz fkdj
;ud jeks ;j;a wfhla f,i yZ|=kd .ekSug;a wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a fuuZ.ska wjldY ie,fia'
fuu idrOrAuj, we;s jeo.;alu ( Importance of Values ) ie,ls,a,g
.ekSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nsysjk idrOrAu ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu fuu
mrspzfPaofhys oS is|= flfrA' idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a wdl,am" wNsfm@arKh" ixcdkkh (
ixcdkkh ) wdoS l@shdj,Ska iZoyd uQ,sl w;a;sjdru oukq ,nhs' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` fu;a;d
ixl,amhg wkq.; jk jsg tlS mqoa.,hd jsiska idudkHfhka fiiq mqoa.,hka iuznJOfhka
oelajsh yels fyda oelajsh hq;` fyda prAhd rgdfjz ( Behaviour ) jsjsOFjh tlS ixl,amh isf;ys
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jrAOkh jS we;s wdldrh wkqj ;SrKh fjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS we;s
mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdj tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS fkdue;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a
prAhdjg jvd fydZo hehs ;rAl lsrSug fyda is;d .ekSug W;aidy .kq ,nhs' tys m@;sM,hla
jYfhka fuu idrOrAu hkak wruqKq .; fyda ;drAlsl tlla jYfhka wmg oel .ekSug
mqZMjk' idudkHfhka idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkkhg ( Cognition ) yd prAhdjg
n,mEuz lrkq ,efnz'
iEu idrOrAuhlau ixcdkk ( ixcdkk Cognition ) yd prAhd" wdfjzok" Z{dk
jsNd.S iy iudc hk mokuz mylska iukajs;h. fuu mokuz mfyka ixcdkk yd prAhd moku
hk idrOrAu mokuz fol yd tys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj wfkHdakH jYfhka iuznJO lr fuu
mrspzfPAofhys oS idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' fuu fojk mrspzfPAofhys oS wm n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZo wjYH ia:dkj, oS cSj jsoHd;aul
mCIhg keUqre jQ;a mqZM,a yd .eUqre odrAYksl js.@yhla is|= lsrSugh' ixcdkk moku (
Foundation of Cognition ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ixcdkkh lsrSu"
ixl,amkh lsrSu" yZ|=kd.ekSu yd ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek .ekSu wdoS ikaksfjzokh iuznJO
udkisl l@shdj,sh nj uSg fmr idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkq ,ensKs' fuz mrspzfPAofhys oS fuu
udkisl l@shdj<sh yd tlS udkisl l@shdj<sh weiqfrka mekkZ.sk prAhdj, jsjsO ,CIK ms<snZoj
fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<j ijsia;rd;aulj idlpzPdlrkq ,nhs' tysoS odrAYksl lreKq
fukau ufkdajsoHd;aul lreKq ms<snZojo ;`<kd;aulj i,ld ne,sh yelsh' tfukau tlS ufkda
jsoHd;aul lreKq iZoyd miqnsuz jQ cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ms<snZoj o .eUqrska wjOdkh fhduq
14
lrkq ,nhs'
34

6. ixcdkkh hkq cSjshd jsiska fN#;sl f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSuh' wm ndysr
f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka lruq' oelSu" weiSu" wd>@dKh wdoS jYfhks' fuysoS
ufkdajsoHdfjys wruqK jkafka ndysr f,dalh ixcdkkh lrk wdldrh ms<snZoj i,ld ne,Suh'
prAhdjdoSkaf.a ksrAjpkh wkqj ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhka w;r mj;sk fjki yZ|=kd
.ekSuhs'15 ixcdkkh ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuka ufkdajsoHdjg we;s m@;sM,h l`ulao hkqfjka
weish yelsh' ixcdkkh wmf.a prAhdj flfrys uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' cSjshd
yeisfrkafka ndysr f,dalfhka ixfjzokh jk W;af;ackhkag wkqjhs' tu ksid ixcdkkh
ms<snZoj yeoErSu jeo.;a fjz' ixl,am ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS fuu ldrKh w;HjYH jkafka
huzlsis ixl,amhla wruqKq fldgf.k we;sjkakd jQ ix{djka cSjSka jsiska .@yKh lr.kq
,nkafka ixcdkk l@shdj<sh uZ.ska jSu ksidhs'16 fu;a;d ixl,amh wjYHfhkau iduQysl nj
flaJ|@fldg f.k f.dvkeZ.S we;a;ls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au iduQyslFjh
ms<snZo yeZ.Suo cSjshd ;`<g ksr;`re msjsfia' cSjSkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh fiiq cSjSka o iuZ.
iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .; lsrSu jk nejska hf:dala; iduQysl osjs fmfj; iuZ.s iuzmkakj .;
lsrSfuys,d fujeks ixcdkk uy;a fia WmldrS fjz' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu
prAhd rgdj ixialrKfhys,d .egquz yd wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk udkj iudchg wjYHfhkau
jeo.;ah'
ixcdkkfhaoS wms jsiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;` tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz
wjOdkhhs' W;af;aclhkaf.a fjki yZ|=kd .ekSfuzoS cSjshdf.a wjOdkh n,mdhs' huz
W;af;ackhla wjOdkfhka f;drj mj;S kuz th ixcdkkh jkafka ke;' ixcdkkh hkq
W;af;ackhla wjOdkhg ,lajSuh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ uD|= iajNdjh" cSj
ys;jdoSnj" tald.@;djh jeks lreKq ksid is; mSvdjg m;a lrk" jsh<s is;sjs<s wnsnjd tuZ.ska
is;g iykhla ,ndosh yelsh' isf;ys iajNdjh kuz ksrka;rfhkau jsjsO ixcdkkhkaf.ka
hqla;j mej;Su jk w;r tjeks ixcdkkhkaf.kao fu;a;d ixl,amh lemS fmfkkafka tys
mj;sk by; lS jsfYaI ,CIK ksid nejska ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys oS m@uqL;u wjOdkhg th
md;@ jkafkah' fuu wjOdkh .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;h' wjOdkfhys tla;rd uOH ,CIhla
mj;S' fuh kdNsh hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs' mrsirh ;`< mj;sk W;af;aclh kdNsh fjhs' wjOdkh yd
iuznJO B <Z. fldgi kuz Wmdka;hhs' Wmdka;h hkq W;af;aclh jsp,kh jkakd jQ iSudjhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd jQ l@shdj<sh wdruzNfha oS ixcdkkh lsrSfuz myiqj ;ld
huz huz iSudjka Tiafia muKla ixcdkk jmirsh iSud lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh
oshqKq j;au wkql@ufhka fuu jmirsh mqZM,a lrkq ,nk w;r iSudjka ish,a, w;sl@uKh lrkq
,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuz l@shj<sh werfUkafka uu hk iSudj flaJ|@fldgf.k
nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo wjOdkfhys uOH ,CIHh jk kdNsh uu hkak f,i oelajsh
yelsh' tjsg W;af;aclh jkqfhao uu hkakhs' ish,q iFjhka fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh m;`rjkq
,nkafka uu hkak idfmaCI fldg f.k nejska uu hkak flaJ|@h f,i .ekSfuz wjYH;djh
meyeos,s fjz' fuu kdNsh yd Wmdka;h w;r jsjsO wjia:djka wms ixcdkkh lruq' iuyr
35

7. wjia:dj,oS wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia fjhs' fufia wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia jSu idOl
rdYshla u; is|= fjz' fulS idOl m@Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yelsh'17 tkuz ndysr
yd wNHka;r hkqfjks'
fuhska ndysr idOl ms<snZoj m<uqfldgu ie,ls,a, fhduq lruq' funZ|= tla
jeo.;a idOlhla kuz ( intensive ) ;Sj@r;djhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl ;Sj@;dj wkqj ixcdkkh
(intensity cognitive) f.dv kefZ.a' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sj@;dj kuz fiiq
ixl,amj,g jvd ;Sj@ f,i wfkl`;a foa tlg neZo ;nd.kakd (intensity factor) ixl,amhla
f,i l@shd;aul jSuhs' tfukau iFjdruzuKhka wruqKq jYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk nejska tlS
wruqK cSjS iajNdjfhka mej;Su wksjdrAh fjz' fuu wruqK wcSjS jqjfyd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh
tla;rd ugzgulska Tnzng oshqKq l< yels fkdfjz' fyj;a ;Sj@ f,i Ndjs;d l< fkdyelsh' ;j;a
idOlhla kuz jsYd,Fjhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl mj;skakd jQ mqZM,anj ksid fiiq ixl,amhka
w;rska jvd;a wjOdkhg ,la fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdruzNfha oS uu flaJ|@fldg .;a; o jv
jvd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au uqZM uy;a jsYajfhau we;a;d jQ il,jsO cSjSka ish,q fokdu
wruqK jYfhka fhdod .efkk ksid th fnfyjska mqZM,a ixl,amhls'18 jsYd,Fjh yereKq fldg
m@fNaokh o ndysr idOlhla fjz' m@fNaokh hkq iqmqre|= W;af;ack w;rg wZM;a W;af;ackhla
meusKSuhs' idudkH ixl,amj,g jvd is;g iykhla Wodlrkakd jQ ixl,amhla uZ.ska
we;sjkakd jQ W;af;ackh ksid tlS ixl,amh jvd;a myiqfjka ixcdkkh jsh yelshs' tfukau
huzlsis ixl,amhla jsjsO iajrEmj,ska hqla;j ixcdkkh jSug i,iajhs kuz tlS ixl,amh
ukdj .@yKh lr.kq ,nk nj o fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tla tla wdldrj,ska yd
iajrEmj,ska jvk wdldrh jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r fjz'19 tys jsia;r lrkakd jQ jsjsO l@uhka
tlu fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd myiqfjka ixcdkkh lsrSug ieliqKd jQ jsOs l@uhka fjz' tkuq;a
tla tla jsOsl@uhkays wjidk mshjfrys ta l@u ish,af,ysu ftlHhla f,i iSud iuzfNaoh bj;a
lr fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd;a mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ixcdkkh l< hq;` whqre olajd ;sfnz'
ixcdkkh msKsi wjYH lrk ;j;a ndysr idOlhla kuz mqkrdjrA;khhs' mqkrdjrA;kh
lsishuz W;af;ackhla kej; kej; olakg ,efnzkuz tlS W;af;ackh flfrys jevsfhka wjOdkh
fhduq fjhs' lsishuz ixl,am iuQyhla w;rska jsfYaIs; ixl,amhla nyq,j Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid
mqkrdjrA;kh jk jsg th mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjOdkhg yiq fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;hg
.ekSfuzoS Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka th jv jvd;a nyq, jYfhka mqre|= mqyqKq lrk f,ihs' fuhg
wu;rj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys o wka;rA.; iqj myiq iajNdjh iFjhd kej; kej;;a tu
ksus;af;ys /ZojSug fya;`jla fjz' fuh yereKq jg p,kh o ndysr idOlhls' lsishuz
ixl,amhl prAhd ,CIKj, wka;rA.;h wkqj p,k .`Kh wOsl;r fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
wka;rA.; prAhd ,CIK wfkla ixl,amj, prAhd ,CIKj,g jvd wOsl;r nejska jvd;a
myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk l@shdj<sh msKsi wjOdkhg fhduq fjz' fuzjd w;rska
wdorh" fm@auh" ohdj" fifkyi" mfrdamldrh" us;@YS,S yeisrSu" iudcYS,SFjh" iudc fiajh"
iduQyslFjh" iudcdkqqfhd.Snj"ukqIHFjh" YsIaG iuzmkaknj" wdpdrYS,Snj" ;Hd.YS,Snj"
36

8. kuHYS,Snj" iykYS,SFjh" iycSjkh yd ifydaorFjh jeks usksfila ;j flfkl`f.a |=lg
msysg jSug n,mdk tfukau l@shdldrSFjh fya;`fldg f.k ndysrska o jsoHudk jk m@n,;u
lreKq jvd myiqfjka mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ixcdkkh lr.kq ,efnz' fuzjd mqoa.,hdf.ka ndysrj
mj;sk nejska ndysr idOl jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz'20
wfkla idOl jrA.h kuz wNHka;r idOlhs' wNHka;r idOl w;r m@n,
idOlhla kuz fm@arKhhs' wmf.a uQ,sl fm@arKhka yd iuznJO W;af;acl myiqfjka wjOdkhg
,la fjz' wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh wmf.a uQ,slu fm@arKhla f,i oelafjz' wdoS ld,Sk
udkjhdf.a mgka jrA;udk oshqKq iudc.; udkjhd olajd ;ukaf.a fulS wdorh yd iqrCIs;
iajNdjh hk uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi udkjhd ;ksj yeisrSfuka je<lS
f.da;@ jYfhka ixjsOdkh jS l@shdl< wdldrh udkj jsoHdj jeks jsIhhkays meyeos,sj
wOHhkhg md;@ fjz' f.da;@sl iudchkays mgkau iudc.; udkj lKavdhuzj,g iduQysl nj
w;HjYH jkakls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuzoS udkjhdf.a fulS uQ,sl fm@arKh jk
wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh Tyqg ,efnk nejska jvd;a myiqfjka yd ksrdhdifhka ixcdkkh
is|= fjz' ;j;a wNka;r idOlhla kuz wfmaCIdjhs' wm jevsfhka wfmaCId lrk foa myiqfjka
wjOdkhg ,la fjz' ixcdkkfha oS uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jk fuu wjOdkh tla;rd wkaoul
wmf.a uOH iakdhq moaO;sh iy fud<h jsfYaIfhka kshqla; jS we;s W;af;aclh myiqfjka
wjOdkhg yiq fjz' uOH iakdhq moaO;sh tla W;af;aclhla flfrys kshqla; jQ jsg wfkl`;a
W;af;acl ms<snZoj fud<h lrd mKsjqv f.khdu wekysgS' fufia n,k jsg ixcdkkh flfrys
YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh n,mdk nj fmfka' 21
wNsOrAufhys iZoyka jk w;s iQCIu ps;a; ffp;isl jsNd.h uZ.ska ixcdkk
fCIa;@h ms,snZo nq|=iuh olajk ,o w;s uy;a ie,ls,a, ksrEmKh fldg oelafjz' ishZM udkisl
.;s iajNdjhka w;s iQCIu f,i jrA.SlrKh fldg nq|=iuh ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj jsia;r
lrkq ,nhs' tysoS wdh;k" Od;`" jsZ[aZ[dK jYfhka ukfiys ndysr wruqKq .ekSfuys l@shdj,sh
ixcdkk oDIags fldaKfhka ukdj iQCIau f,i jsYaf,aIKh fldg f;areuz .ekSug yd tu
f;areuz .ekSu bjy,a fldgf.k i;Hh wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiqjk whqrska jsia;rd;aulj
wrA: olajd we;' ixcdkkh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sfhys tla;rd
wdldrhl ixjsOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efnz' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a ndysr f,dalfhyss
mj;sk W;af;ack wms ixcdkkh lrkafka lsishuz wdldrhlg ixjsOdkd;aul njlska hqla;
W;af;ack jYfhkah' fmfkk W;af;acl" wefik W;af;acl" oefkk W;af;acl" wd>@dKh jk
W;af;acl yd ri jsZsosk W;af;acl jYfhka fuz ish,q wdldr jQ W;af;ackhkag ixjsOdk rgdjla
;sfnz' ixjsOdkd;aul Ndjfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq iuhjdohkays
jsia;r flfrkakd jQ fuhg iudkFjh .kakd fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd mrsmQrAK iajNdjhlska
hqla; jSu fya;`fldg f.k jvd;a myiqfjka yd jvd;a ;Sj@ f,i mqoa., uki flfrys Okd;aul
n,mEula l< yels W;af;aclhla jYfhka yZ|=kd .ekSug fuz wkqj ms<sjk' fu;a;d
37

9. idrOrAufhys ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hg;g .efkkafka fu;a;d
idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh yd fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk
wdldr yd wjia:d oek.ekSu hk lreKq ms<snZoj flfrkakdjQ idlpzPdjhs' fu;a;d
idrOrAufhys ixcdkk me;slv hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao by; oelafjk ixcdkk mokuh'
fuysoS idlpzPdjg .efkkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo ukfia we;sjk jspdr mQrAjl woyi
ixcdkk moku f,i ie,fla' uQ,slju fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu th l@shd;aul l<hq;`
yd l@shd;aul l<yels wjia:d nqoaOsuh jYfhka jsurAYkhg ,lalsrSu ;`<ska jv jvd;a by<
nqoaOsuh ia:r hgf;a tu ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz wjia:d Wodfjz' fuh fpz;kdj yd noaO jQ
jevms<sfj,ls' fpz;kdfjz jsjsOFjh wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amfha Ndjs;h jsjsOjk whqre fuu
mrspzfPAofhaoS .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,laflfrkq we;'
prAhd moku ( Foundation of Behaviour ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis
idrOrAuhla ms<snZo wdpdr jsoHd;aul m@ia;`;hhs' fuz hgf;a idrOrAuh iuznJO wod< yeisrSuz
rgdj wOHhkh lrkq ,efnz' huz wjia:djloS l@shdl< hq;` ksjeros wdldrh l`ulaoehs jsksYaph
lsrSfuzoS mdol lr.kafka idrOrAuhs' fuh iodpdr jsksYaph ( Moral Judgement ) f,i
yeZoskafjzz' fuz wkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz' fuz ksid prAhd
moku hg;g wdpdr jsoHd;aul yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu ms<snZo jQ jsYaf,aIKhka wka;rA.;h'
idrOrAuhla yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidk jYfhka l@shdfjka m@ldYs;
prAhdjls' mqoa., prAhdj ms<snZoj fndfyda lreKq prAhdjdoh ( Behaviour ) ms<snZoj yeoerSu
uZ.ska o; yelsh' prAhdj fukau uki o ksrSCIKh l< yels yd ueKsh yels fohla nj
jrA;udkfhysoS ms<sf.k yudrh' jsfYaIfhka mdrfN#;sl jsoHdZ{hska fujeks wdl,am or;s'
udkisl wdl,am ueKsh yels l@uh f,i Tjqka jsiskau bosrsm;a lrk prAhdj mdol lr.;a; o
fu;a;d ixl,amh hk ufkda .;sl iajNdjh ke;fyd;a ixcdkkuh W;af;ackh uZ.ska usksia
udkisl iajNdjfhys ie,lsh hq;` Okd;aul fjkila fyj;a m@jrAOkhla fmkakquz lrkq ,nk
nj m@;HCI jYfhkau o; yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska usksia ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@hg
is|= l< yels n,meu wOHhkh lrkq ,nkafka fujka miqnsula mdol lrf.kh'
YS, YsCIdj prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzohla f,i;a ksrAjdK.duSFjh lrd hk
l@usl jevmsfjf<ys mQrAj m@;smodjla f,i;a nq|=iufhys wrA: olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a
udkisl miqnsug prAhdj uZ.ska n,meula l<yels nj ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;' fuz woyi uZola
|=rg YS, YsCIKh iuznJOfhka nq|=iufhys js.@y jk woyi iuZ. iuSm iuznJOhla fmkajhs'
fuhska m@lg jk jeo.;a lreK kuz ufkdajsoHdZ{hska jsiska prAhd ixcdkkh kSrAKh
lsrSfuys,d jeo.;a idOlhla fldg .kq ,enQfjz tys ksrSCIK Yla;sh .enzjSuh' fmros.
ufkdajsoHdj huz mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkk fCIa;@h iDcq f,iu ksrSCIKhg yd mrSCIKhg
Ndckh lsrSug;a ta uZ.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;`re msgsjy,a lrf.k th Ndjd;aul mCIfhys
ixjrAOkhg yd Okd;aul ixialrKhkag fhdod .ekSug yels ;rfuz oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;sks'
38

10. fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj fmros. woajs;Sh oekquz iuq|=r;`< uq|=ka u,a lvla f,i b;du;a by<
ia:dkhl jecUqks' jsjsO jsIhhkaf.ka fmdaIKh ,nuska l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkh fjuska mej;s
fmros. pska;lhska jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o jsjsO ufkdajsYaf,aIKhkays jsjsO wvqmdvq |=r,d ta
fjkqjg uekjska wdfoaY l< yels mrsmQrAK yd wx.iuzmQrAK l@ufjzohla fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj
jsiska f,djg odhdo lrkq ,ensK' fmros. oekquz moaO;sh oshqKq jSug n,mEfjz tys wvx.`
odrAYksl mCIfhys jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz ksrka;rfhka is|= jSuh' tu w;aoelSuz iDcq f,iu
ixcdkk l@shdj<sh jsjsO f,i Ndjs;d lruska is|= lrkq ,nk m@jrAOkd;aul m@;HCIlsrSuzh' tu
m@;HlaI wjfndaOhka jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz weiqrska f.dv keZ.S mej;sK' ta ;;ajh hgf;a fmros.
ufkdajsoHd fCIa;@h ;`< huzlsis ixl,amhl ixcdkk w;ayod ne,Suz yd m@jrAOkd;aul Ndjs;d
lsrSuz ksrSCIKh lsrSfuys,d wx. iuzmQrAK yd mrsmQrAK fidhd.ekSula f,i ie,flk fn#oaO
ufkdajsoHdfjz ixcdkk moku iDcq ksrSCIK lsrSuz uZ.skau ta ms<snZo ish,qu f;dr;`re ,nd .;
yels ugzgfuz oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k ;snsKs' tmuKla fkdj ;ukag wjYH wdldrfha ps;a;
oshqKqjla yd prAhd ixjrAOkhla we;s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk wdldrfhka wjia:dfkdaps;
ixl,am ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d flfia Ndjs;hg .kafkao hk lreKq ms<snZoj fn#oaO
ufkdajsoHdj Wkka|=jla olajd ;snsKs' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk l@shdj<sh yd tlS
ixcdkk l@shdj<shg iu.duSj prAhd mCIfhka mqoa.,fhla ,nd .kakd iqjsfYaIS l`i,;d yd
yelshdjka fudkjdoehs hkak;a iDcq ksrSCIKhka ;`<skau jgyd.ekSug ;ruz oshqKq ;,hl
fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj mj;akd nj wjsjdos;h'22 prAhdjdohg wh;a lreKq uZ.ska fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkk jSu yd iduQysl yeisrSuz rgdfjz ixjrAOkh flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq
,nk wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs' wk;`rej fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd moku hgf;a tys wdpdr
jsoHd;aul miqnsu ms<snZo jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz.fuhg wh;a jkqfha we;a; l:d lsrSu" wkqkag
Wojz lsrSu" jsYajdih /lSu" iudc m@;sudk lv fkdlsrSu ( mxpYS, m@;smodj )" fmdfrdka|=
bgqlsrSu" iduQysl j.lSfuka hqla;j l@shdlsrSu" wkHhkag iyfhda.h oelajSu" bjiSu" ;ekam;a
iajNdjh" iudkd;au;djh" uD|= fudf<dla nj" wk;sudkS nj yd wdpdrYS,S mej;`u hk
lreKqh. ;@smsgl idys;Hh ;`< wka;rA.; nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska ish Y@djlhkag wkq.ukh
fldg l@shdjg kZ.d ;ud jsiskau mila lr .kakd f,i kshu lr jod< ldh luzu yd jpS
luzuhkag wod< ish,qu l`i,.duS yd mqKH.duS lreKq prAhd mokug wka;rA.; fia oelajsh
yelsh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl` jsiska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk
prAhd oshqKqj m@ldYhg meusfKkafka iS, YsCIdfjks' iS, YsCIdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj
wOHhkh wdpdr jsoHdjg wh;ah' tfiau prAhdj wOHhkh lrkqfhao wdpdr jsoHdj uZ.sks' tu
ksid prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsYaf,aIKfhoS wdpdr jsoHd;aul iajrEmfha js.@yhla fuu
phH!d;aul fldgig wka;rA.; lr ;sfnz' jsY`oaOs udrA.h fn#oaO ixl,amhkays ixcdkk yd
prAhd moku u;` lrk legm;la fia .sKsh yelsh' thska uQ,sl mshjfrys isg wjidk mshjr
olajd l@udkQl~, f,i jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska wjYH lrk ixcdkk l`i,;dj
39

11. ,nd .kafka flfiao hk lreKhs' tfiau tfia ,nd .kakd ,o ixcdkk l`i,;djh Wmfhda.S
lr .ksuska wjYH lrk prAhd oshqKqjg m;a jk wdldrh o tys uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'
fuys oS jsY`oaOsudrA.h wOHhkh uZ.ska wdpdr jsoHdj yd wOs wdpdr jsoHdj ms<snZoj fmr wmr
foos. odrAYksl u;hkag wkql~,jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAufhys .enzjk wdpdr jsoHd;aul
ikaorANh yd ixcdkk fCIa;@h .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,lalsrSu yd t;`<ska nq|= oyu ;`<
wka;rA.; jsoHd;aul pska;kh uekjska yZ|=kd.ekSu l< yelsh' fuysoS wdod< odrAYkslhkaf.a
kHdhhka iuZ. fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aul f,i jsYaf,aIKh flfrkafka fn#oaO iQ;@
foaYkd ;`< wka;rA.; odrAYksl yd kHdhd;aul nj meyeos,sj m@lg lsrSu msKsih' tfukau
jevs |=rg;a fulS jsIhhka ms<snZoj mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhys fhfokakl`g th jeo.;a jsh yels
fyhsks' prAhdmoku iZoyd jskh msglhg wh;a lreKq;a ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of
Cognition ) iZoyd iQ;@ yd wNsOrAu msglhkays wka;rA.; iQ;@ foaYkd;a Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnz'
md,s ixialD; yd bx.@Sis NdIdjkag wu;rj fjk;a NdIdjkaf.ka rps; ;@smsgl yd wjfYaI uQ,
.@J:hkays wka;rA.; f;dr;`reo fuz iZoyd Ndjs;hg .; yelsh'
idrOrAu ms<snZo jsoHd;aul moku
( Scientific Foundation about Values )
idrOrAu jkdyS udkj ixcdkk ( The Field of Cognition ) fCIa;@hg jsIh
jkakd jQ ixl,amhkah ( Concepts )' huzlsis ixl,amhla ixcdkkh jkafka flfiao hk lreK
uekjska wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska udkjhka i;`jk iqjsfYaIS idrOrAu yZ|=kd.ekSug WmldrSfjz'
idrOrAu cSj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yg .kafka flfiaoEhs jgyd.ekSug tnZ|= wOHhkhka ukd
msgsjy,ls' iEu iFj jsfYaIhlgu Wreu iqjsfYaIS .;s,laIK we;' usksid we;`ZM jdkr
jsfYaIhkag wh;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha cSjSkagu muKla iqjsfYaIs; .;s,laIK ksid udkj jrA.hd
fjk;a i;aj jsfYaI w;rska fjkalr myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; yel'ta ms<snZoj jsjsO mrAfhaIK
is|=lr we;'fud<fha taiZoydu fjkajQ ffi, jsfYaIhla o udkjhd we;`ZM fjk;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha
i;aj jsfYaIhkag Wreu nj fidhdf.k ;sfnz'udkjhkaf.a fud<fha tnZ|= ffi, m@udKh fiiq
m@hsfugdjkag idfmalaIlj by< w.hla .kshs' funZ|= lreKq ksid udkj idrOrAu iqjsfYaIs;dj
ms<snZoj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukj,g ;rAldkQl~,j meusKSug ixcdkk fCIa;@h cSj jsoHd;aulj
yeoErSu b;d m@fhdackj;ah' fu;a;d keue;s idrOrAuh o tla;rd wdldrhl ixl,amhls'
ixl,am iFjhka;`<g m@fjzY jkafka ixcdkkh keue;s cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh ;`<sks' fuys
jsfYaIFjh jkqfha fuu ixcdkkh keue;s l@shdj,sfhys cSj jsoHd;aul jgskdlula fukau
odrAYksl jgskdlula o .enzjSuhs' jsfYaIfhka ngysr odrAYkslhka w;rska fndfyda fofkl` fuz
ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lsrSug Wkka|= jkakg jQfha ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .enzjk
fulS odrAYksl jgskdlu ksidh' Cognition hk jpkfhka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka yeZoskSu"
oekSu" Wm,nzOsh" ixcdkkh" kqjK hk woyiah' ixcdkkh hkqfjka oelafjkafkao fuhuh'
udkjprAhd ixialrKhg wjYH wdl,am ikaksfjzokh f,i fuu ixcdkkh hk moh
40

12. ksrAjpkh l< yelsh' mqZM,a jsurAYkhkays oS th wksjdrAhfhkau iSud iys; njla .ekSug
23
mqZMjk'
udkj ixcdkk fCIa;@h" ( The Field of Human Cognition ) wm woyia
lrkqfha ukqIH iajNdjh olajkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,ihs' wju jYfhka idudkH ukqIHhka
jsiska Tjqka ienjskau fkdolskakd jQ foa ishZM foa ms<snZoju oekSula we;s lr.kq ,nkqfha fuu
ixcdkk fCIa;@h ;`<sks'24 ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys mj;akd jQ fulS ishquz nj ksid tu jsIh
ms,snZoj ishquz lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; hq;af;ao uD|= njska ishquz jQ is;sks' ulaksido h;a oevs
jkakg jkakg isf;ys uD|= yd ishquz nj jskdY jS hk fyhsks' fldamfhka yd oafjzIfhka is; rZM
yd oevs lrk w;r ffu;@sfhka is; uD|= yd ishquz lrkq ,nhs' fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh
ixcdkkh lr;au is; uD|= yd ishquz jS isf;ys nqoaOsuh .`Kh jrAOkh fjz' pska;kh"
iaurKh" wdjrAckh" bf.kSu" ldjH ridiajdoh yd ;rAldkQl~,nj jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl
,laIK nqoaOsuh .`K f,i ie,fla' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSfuka uD|= yd ishquz njg
25
m;ajkq is;lg jvd myiqfjka fun|= Wiia ufkda.;sl iajNdj lrd ,Z.djsh yel'
ixcdkkh iy uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj ( Cognation and early
Experimental Psychology ) fuysoS jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nk jsIh fCIa;@hls' ufkda jsoHdfjz
werUqu f,i t<sorjq jkqfha uSg wjqre|= ish .Kklg fmr mej;s huz jsoHd;aul YsCIKhla
f,ihs' tfiau th wfkl`;a jsIhhkaf.ka fjkajQ YsCIKhla f,i mrsKduh fjuska mej;sKs' fuz
wjia:dfjzoS tu jsIh ms<snZo jsIhdkQl~, wjfndaOh jevsj;au th orAYkfhka yd iudc
jsoHdfjka lD;s@uj muKla fjka jQ jsIhhla njg m;ajsh' tfukau th cSj jsoHdfjka o"
idudkH jYfhka fN#;sl jsoHdfjka o fjka jQjla njg m;ajsh' kuq;a th widudkH
26
isoaOdka;hla fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku yeoErSfuzoS uq,a
mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj jeo.;a jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ixcdkkh jSfuzoS fud<h
yd iakdhq moaO;sh thg olajkakd jQ m@;spdrh u; isrefrA cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh tuZ.ska
md,kh jk wdldrh;a" odrAYksl mCIfhka tlS cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh cSj ixy;sfhys
m@jrAOkh iZoyd WmldrS jk wdldrh;a"27 jsoHdkQl~, f,i tuZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lr olajk
nejsks'wNsOrAu msglfhys oS jsYaf,aIKh lr olajkafka fuu ;;ajhhs' 28
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku ms<snZoj ( Metta Concept &
Foundation of Cognition ) lreKq idlpzPdjg .ekSfuz oS nqoaOsh hkq l`ulaoehs uZola meyeos,s
lr.ekSu jeo.;ah' fuysoS huzlsis idrOrAuhl ixcdkk moku hkqfjka woyia jkafka nqoaOsuh
ia:rh nj l,ska iZoyka lrk ;sfnz' nqqoaOsh hkqfjka wm jsiska ksrAjpkh lr.kakd foh l`ulao
hkak ms<snZoj huzlsis tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSug is|=fjz' fuysoS jspdrd;aul nj" iyc l`Y,;djh"
m@;sNdj" mrsl,amk Yla;sh" ksirA.h" ksrAudKYS<SFjh" ;ksj ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj"
bf.kqfuys yelshdj" is;Su" pska;kh" ukkh hkdoS lreKq rdYshla tlg tla;eka jQ
41

13. wjia:djlg wm nqoaOsh hkqfjka jHjydr lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' by; olajk ,o wjia:d
rdYsh w;rska nqoaOsh hkqfjka ienjskau wm ksrAjpkh lrkafka l`ulao$ fuz ish,a,uo$
ke;fyd;a tajd w;rska tllao$ kQ;k jHjydrhg wkqj wrA: olajkafka kuz nqoaOsh hkafkka
jHjydr jkqfha ksrAudKYS,sFjh nj fmfka' fiiq wjia:djka nqoaOshg wka;rA.; jqj;a usksidf.a
ksrAudKhlg mjd wka;rA.; l< yels fuj,uz nj mejfia' fuz hgf;a mj;akd foa Wmfhda.S
fldg f.k kj foa m@;sNdj weiqrska nsys lsrSu ksrAudKYS,sFjh f,i ie<fla' wm l:d lrkafka
idrOrAu ms<snZoj ksid ienjskau idrOrAu ixl,amhkays ksrAudKYS,S miqnsula .enzjkafkao
keoao hkak ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqfldg ne,sh hq;`h' idrOrAu ixl,amhkays miqnsu ms<snZoj
jspdr mQrAjlj we.hqulg ,la lsrSu tys moku .fjzIKh hkafka woyihs' ta wdldrhg huzlsis
idrOrAu ixl,amhl fuu ksrAudKYS,S moku wka;rA.; fjz kuz tu idrOrAu ixl,amfhys
ixcdkk fCIa;@h wka;rA.; hehs mejish yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj fuz wdldrhgu
wjOdkh fhduq lr ne,qjfyd;a tys ksrAudKYS,S nj wka;rA.;o keoao hkak ms<snZoj jgyd .;
yelsjkq we;'
nqoaOsfhys iajNdjh ( Nature of intelligence )
fhys
fu;a;d ixl,amh;`<ska W;aidylrkqfha iuia; cSj m@cdj tlg tlalr ;enSuhs'
nz,Qlhsuz wdoSka idrOrAu jkdyS iudc ue,shula (Social Binder) f,io wrA: olajkq ,enqfjz
idrOrAu ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; fuu .`Kdx.h ksidhs' cSjfhys m@Odku .`Kdx.h jkqfha
cSjhg ys;iqj iemhSfuz jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh lr oSuhs' fjk;a jsosylska lsjfyd;a ukqIHhd
we;`ZM iEu cSjsfhl`gu fuf,dj jdih lsrSfuzoS fuf,dj jdikdjka; ia:dkhla tfukau jdihg
Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu uqZMukskau mejfrkafkao usksid m@Odk fldg
we;s il, cSj m@cdj fj;uh' fuysoS usksid ksrAudKYS,sFjh w;ska fiiq wfkla iFj j.!hdg
jvd fndfyda fihska bosrsfhka isgsk ksid fiiq iFj m@cdjgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSug Wps;
ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu usksidgu mejfrA'
nq|=iuh usksidf.a fuu nqoaOsuh yelshdj ms<s.kakd w;ru fuf,dj fiiq iFj
j.!hdgo cSj;ajSfuz whs;shla we;snj ms<s.kakd f,i usksidg n,lr mjid isgshs' tfukau fiiq
cSj m@cdj iuZ. iyfhda.Sj cSj;ajsh hq;` nj o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksid ksrAudKYS,S ukqIHfhla
jkafka iajNdj OrAuh iuZ. tlaj l@shd lsrSu uZ.sks' ienjskau iajNdjh" iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S
ienjskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' iajNdj OrAufhys ksrAudKYS,SFjh usksidg" usksia nqoaOshg jgyd.;
fkdyels ;ruskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' fuz ksidu fuu l@shdj,sh ksjerosj lr.; fkdyels jSu ksidu
f,dj nsysjQ we;euz wd.uz yd orAYk uZ.ska iajNdj OrAuh ke;fyd;a iuia; cSj yd wcSj
iajNdjhu tla;rd wdldrhlska mqoa., iajrEmhlska i,ld ;sfnz' ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh
werfUkakg uQ,sl nSchka fuz ;;ajh mdol lrf.k we;s jQ nj meyeos,sh' ksrAudKjdoS wd.usl
yd odrAYksl ixl,am nsys jS we;af;a iajNdj OrAuh i;` wmQrAj yelshdj usksia nqoaOsh ;`<ska
42

14. js.@y lsrSfuzoS mek kZ.skakg jQ jsjsO wkjfndaO ;;ajhka lrK fldg f.kh' ksis wdldrfhka
fya;`M, js.@yhlg wiu;a jSu fya;`fjks' fuh tla;rd |=rlg ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .egZMuh
;;ajhla f,i o fmkajd osh yelsh' wrA:jka ixcdkkhla l< yels jkafka ixcdkk fCIa;@h
jsjsO wkjYH iSud meKjSuz j,ska ksoyiaj mj;akd jsg muKla nejska fujeks iSud meKjSuz
mj;sk ;;aFjhla ;`< oS tuZ.ska we;s lrjkakd jQ ixcdkkh jsOsu;a yd mrsmQrAK hehs
ks.uhlg meusKSug fldfy;au mqZMjka lula we;af;a ke;' tu ksid tjka ixcdkk fCIa;@hka
uZ.ska ,nd .kakd jsjsO ;SrK wrA:l:k j, iajrEmh iSud iys; jSu fkdje<elajsh yelsh'
ksrAudKYS,sFjh jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl iajNdjhka ukfiys W;af;ackh jkqfha
uki rZM wdl,am j,ska yd iSud lsrSuz jeks wys;lr ixcdkk w;aoelSuz j,ska f;drj mj;sk
jsgh' ufkda.;sl jYfhka ishquz ;;ajlg ixcdkk fCIa;@h m;a lrjSug udkisl yelshdj we;s
jkafka jsjsO wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka uki fkdje<lajqjfyd;a muKs' wOsldruh iajNdjhlska
f;dr jQ uki b;du;a ishquzh' wjia:djkag Wps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks;
lsrSfuz YlH;d we;sjkqfha uki ishquznj jsgh' isysh;a wLKav ksrSCIKd;aul jsYaf,aIK
ixcdkkh;a ;`<ska jsmiaikd pska;kh ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@h fuf;la mej;shd jQ
mrsudKhg jvd jevs meyeos,s oelaula ,enSfuz wjldYh Wodjk mrsos mqZM,a lsrSulg nZ|=ka
lrkqfha by; olajk ,o wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre
ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys; ksidh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh fu;a;d
ixl,amh iuZ. ieifokafka flfiao$ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLHdrA:h jkqfha ys; us;`re njhs'
fuu ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,So$ ksrAudKYS,Snj hkq is;du;d wZM;ska f.dvkZ.k njhs'us;@YS,S
udkisl miqnsu;`< kejquznj ms<snZo jsjsO wdl,am f.dv kefZ.a' kejquz nj fukau tlg tlalrk
taldnoaO;djh we;s lrk nj o olakg we;' fuhska woyia flfrkqfha us;@Fjh ke;fyd;a
ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,S njhs' ksrAudKYS,S pska;khla fkdue;s ;eke;a;dg f.dvkZ.d .ekSula
l<yels fkdfjz' ys;j;a iajNdjh we;sjkqfha fuu f.dvkeZ.Su ;`<sks' iuia; cSj m@cdj iuZ.
us;@Fjh f.dvkZ.kqfha fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;kh uZ.sks' fuz olajd f,dj nsysjQ fY@aIaG
ia:dkhla orkakd jQ ksrAudK usksia j.!hdf.a hym; fjkqfjka nsysjQ ksrAudK fjz' tfia
fkdjkakdjQ foa j,g meje;aula fkdue;' iajNdj OrAuhu thg tfrysj keZ.S isgshs' wm l:d
lrkakdjQ iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh fkdfjz' kuq;a iajNdj OrAuh fyj;a
iajNdjh jQ l,S ksrjfYaIfhkau ksrAudKYS,Sh' th tfia jkafka iajNdj OrAuh;`< .enzjk cSj
ys;jdoS iajNdjh ksidh' fuu cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh lrK fldgf.ku iuia; cSjh fuz olajd
fuu f,dj;`< fkdkeiS /ZoS mj;shs' tfia iajNdjOrAuh ;`< cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjhla
ksrjfYaIfhkau fkd;snqkd kuz fuz wdldrfhka cSj m@cdj fuf,dj wLKavj fuz olajd
mj;skafka ke;'
cSj m@cdj fuz whqrska fuz f,dj mj;skafka Tjqkaf.a jdihg ys;lr foaY.`Ksl
rgdj;a Tjqka tlsflld flfrys olajkakdjQ ys;j;anj fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;`
43

15. fldgf.kh' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz ksidu cSj m@cdjf.a wLKav meje;au iqrCIs; lrkakdjQ
idrOrAu ixl,amhla f,ig fmkajd osh yelsh' fuz wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skafka usksid jsiska
ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSka flfrys ie,ls,su;a jk muKgh' usksid ;ud muKla usys
;,fhys isgskd tlu cSjshd fldg is;hso ta ;dla l,a ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSkaf.a meje;aug
usksidf.ka t,a, jkafka ;rAckhlauh' fuz ;;ajh usksid;`< yg.ekSug oevs wd;audrA:fhka
uQ,djg m;a jSu fya;`fjz' ;ud jgd oevsfldg we;s wd;audrA:fha oevs udkisl mjqr nsZo oukafka
kuz muKla tjsg usksidg h:drA:fhys iqjZo wd>@dKh l< yelsjkq we;' jsjsO wh fkdfhl`;a
lreKq wrUhd jsgska jsg m<lrkq ,nk wrA:l:k fyda ;ukaf.a pska;k iSudjg muKla iSudjQ
mgq ,dul foa h:drA:h fkdfjz' th uy;a mqZM,aj iudch jsIfhys wrA: iuzmkak m@Z{df.dapr
mrudorAYhla jsh hq;`h' fuu m@Z{d f.dapr nj fyj;a m@{dfjys iSud udhsuz oelajSu is|=
flfrkqfha ixcdkk ia:rh uZ.sks' ixcdkk w;aoelSuz ,nkakg ,nkakg fuu iSudfjys jmirsh
o mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh b;d fydZoska isf;ys jrAOkh jS we;s nj
fuu jmirsh mqZM,a njg m;a jSug fya;`jls' tmuKla o fkdj jvd;a jsjD; udkislFjhlska
hqla;j ;SrKhkag t<USug yd i;Hhg <Z.d jSug fuz uZ.ska yelshdj we;s fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd nq|=oyu
( Metta Concept & Buddhism )
nq|= oyfuys fuz ms<snZo b;du;a jeo.;a jsYaf,aIKhla ld,du iQ;@fhys jsoHudk
fjz' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@y jkafka fuu jsjD; udkisl ugzguhs' wkqka lshk ksid (Report)"
"
mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid (Trdition)" fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu ksid ( Prologue)"
"
iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska (Giving in the Scripture)" ;rAlhg tlZ. hehs
jegyS.sh muKska (Logical Implication)" kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Nomological
"
Implication)" fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid (Diversification of Thought)"
" "
l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIagSkag iudk ksid (Coincide the Aspects)"
"
wjjdo fokakd .`Kjf;l` nejska ( Potentiatity)" yd ;u .`rejrhdf.a lSula nejska
(Consultations of Preceptor)" hk lreKq oyh ( 10 ) flaJ|@.; fldgf.k jsjD;
udkislFjhlska f;drj wjspdr mQrAjl f,i l@shd lsrSu i;r n@yau jsyrKhka isf;ys jrAOkh
fkdjSug fya;`jla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz'29
i;r n@yau jsyrKhkays fiiq jsyrKhka jk lreKd" uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk
fiiq ufkda .;slhkag mdol jkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuu .`Kdx. i;r ksid ukfiys
iDKd;aul wdl,am bj;ajS uki msrsis|= fjz'fndfyda oDIags.;sl wdjrKhkaf.ka uki ixjD;
jSug iDKd;aul wdl,am bjy,afjz' jsjsO wOsldrS pska;k ;;aj udkisl jsjD;njg ndOd we;s
lrkqfha oDIags.;sl iDKd;aul wdl,am ksidh'fuz ksid jsjD; udkislFjfhka flfkl` neyerg
44

16. h;au fu;a;d ixl,amfhka o neyer jk nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh l< yel' by; ld,du iQ;@d.;
jsjD; udkislFjh jkdyS iDcqju udkj ixcdkk lafIa;@hg iuznkaO jQjls' fuhska
we.fjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg.ekSug yd yg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh
jSug kuz Bg irs,k mrsoafoka ilia lrk,o fyda ilia lr.kakd ,o ixcdkk lafIa;@hla
udkjhd ;`< ;snsh hq;`u njhs' huz flfkl` ;`< jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ ixcdkk lafIa;@fhys
m@udKhgu ta mqoa.,hd ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jSfuys wjia:djla uska meyeos,sju
fmkakquz lrhs'
fjk;a iuh jdohkays fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz ixcdkk
fCI;@hka ms<snZoj idlpzPdjk nj fmkqk o tajdfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@hkays mj;sk iSud iys;
iajNdjh bosrsfha bka mqfrdal:s; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .uzNSr;djh yd irAj iuzmQrAK Ndjh
tl iudk hehs f.k yer mEug fkdyelsh' ld,du iQ;@fhys iZoyka oi jsO ixcdkk iSudjka
;`< tu wrA: l:k rduqq.; jS we;' tu ksid bka ksIamkak jk prAhd;aul mCIh o wksjdrAh
rduq.; jSulg iSud jS ;sfnz' ksoiqkla f,i ls;`Kq iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jkakdjQ
fm@auh hk ixl,amh ixcdkk iajNdjh w;ska nq|=iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jk
fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd iSus; rduqjl wrA:l:kh jk iajNdjhla .ekSu fmkajd osh yel'
isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jSu ldhsl jYfhka prAhd oshqKqjla f,i
ndysrska m@ldYhg meusfKk wdldrh ld,du iQ;@fhysu uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'
m@dK>d;h" fidrlu" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh yd wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros yeisrSuzj,
kshqla; lrjSu Wfoid fm<UjSuz lsrSu hk lreKq mfika ( 5 ) je<lSu tu prAhd oshqKqj nj
fmkajd oS we;'30 fuu prAhd oshqKqj we;s jkafka udkisl jYfhka ksrdhdifhkau tu jeros
yeisrSuzj, we;s idjoH iajNdjh jgyd.ekSug tlS mqoa.,hdgu yelshdj ,efnkafka fu;a;d
ixl,amh ;`< wka;rA.; iuia; cSj j.!hd jsIfhys mj;akd jQ cSj ys;jdoS us;`re iajNdjh
ksidh'
prAhdjka ilia lsrSug wjYHjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@;scdkd;aul n,mEu
ld,du iQ;@fhys olakg ,efnk mxpjsO m@;smodj uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA'31 tys wjika wx.h
f,i olajd ;sfnkafka fm<UjSuz kHdhhs' fm<UjSuz kHdhh jQ l,S idjoH yd ksrjoH hk
fohdldrfhkau Ndjs;hg .efkhs' fu;a;d ixl,amhg m@;smCI ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a wys;lr
n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh idjoH whqrska Ndjs;hg tlajk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh ksrjoH wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg tla fjz'32
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd fn#oaO jskh
( Metta Concept & Buddhist Disciplinary )
45

17. fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku uZ.ska f,dalh ;`< ukqIH jrA.hdf.a
meje;au iZoyd olajkakd jQ Wmfhda.s;djh ( Foundation of Cognition in Metta Concept
for Utility of Human Living in the world ) ms<snZo lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu fuysoS
jeo.;ah' nq|=iuh ;`< fu;a;dj ms,snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuz oS th wksjdrAhfhkau n@yauprAhdfjz
moku f,i wrA:l:h lsrSug yelsh' ixidr jsuqla;sh ,enSu tkuz ksrAjdKdjfndaOhg m;ajSu
;u cSjs;fhys tlu wfmalaIdj fldg.;a m@:u fndaOshg wh;a uq,a hq.fhys iuznq|= iiqkgjka
NslaIQka fj;ska iuQyhhdf.a meje;aug wys;lr wrAnqo we;s fkdjsks'33 ta ksidu wuq;`fjka jskh
YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla nq|= ysushkag we;s fkdjsks' tu hq.fhys mej;sfha NsCIqjlf.a
iajNdjh ljrlaoehs ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuz jYfhka yd iiqkg msjsfik ieoeye;shkg iuznq|=
iiqk hkq l`ulaoehs meyeos,s lroSuz jYfhka foaYkd lrk,o ishZM nq|=jrhka jykafia,du
yqfola pdrs;@hla jYfhka Wfoik ,oaod jQ my; oelafjk wrA:j;a m@ldYkh muKs'
" ish,q wl`i,ska |=re jSu" l`i,a lsrSu yd oshqKq lsrSu" ;udf.a is; mssrsis|= lsrSu
hk fuz nq|=jrhkaf.a wkqYdikhhs'" fu;a;d ixl,amh l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkhg m;a lr.ekSu
uZ.ska ixcdkk yd prAhd lafIa;@ j, l@shdldrS;ajh Wiia njg m;alr.; yel' uska woyia
jkqfha tu ldrAhh idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd nq|=jre jsiska msKsi bosrsm;a lrk ,o jev
ms<sfj<hs' fuz ;`< m<uqj wkHhkayg ysxid mSvd is|= jk iajlSh ffoksl prAhdjkaf.ka
yels;dla je<lSu;a ta ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh wjYHlrk ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl
jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh jSu;a is|= fjz' fujka iudc mrsirhla ;`< oS jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d
ixl,amh ish is;a i;kays jrAOkh msKsi fjr .kakd ;eke;a;dyg ;j |=rg;a lsis|= wdd.ka;`l
ndOdjka rys;ju tu ixl,amh ixcdkk fjz' ixcdkkh jkakg jkakg ixcdkk fCI;@fhys
uqZM uy;a jmirshu fu;a;d ixl,amfhka msrS b;srS hkakg fjz' fuu l@shdj<sh uqZM uy;a iudc
iqrCIs;;djh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula is|= lrkakd jQ ldrKla o fjz'
"bjiSu fuz iiafkys mru ;mihs' nq|=jre mfia nq|=jre uy ry;ayq ksrAjdKh
fl<jr fldg we;s wkqYdikdjla u flfr;a' wkHhkag ysxid mSvd lrkakd mejsoafola fyda
Y@uKfhla fkdfjz' wkHhka fkdfm<d fkdrsojd lghq;` lsrSu Y@uK OrAuhhs'"34 bjiSu nq|=
iiqfkys mru ;mi f,i oelajSu uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha YS, YslaIKh f.dvkeZ.S we;s
mokuhs' tkuz wjsysxidj m@;smodjhs' wkqka ;udg fld;ruz ysxidldrS foa is|=l< ta flfrys
WfmalaIlj bjik mqoa.,hd mru wjsysxidjdosfhls' tfukau wkHhka jsIfhys oevs ffu;@S
mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hqla;j lghq;` lrkafkls' ksrAjdKh olajd osfjk fn#oaO m@;smodj ;`<
ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdjg yd ffu;@S pska;khg ,efnk iqjsYd, jeo.;alu fuhska fudkjg fy<s
fmfy<s fjz' tmuKla o fkdj ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdfjka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSuu iajlSh wd.usl
mQcH mCIfhys mru ldrAhh jYfhkao nq|= ysushka i,ld we;s nj fuhska fmfka' tf,i
fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd Y@uKfhla fyda mejsoafola fkdjk nj oelajSu ;`< n@dyauK yd Y@uK
iuzm@odh oajs;ajh w;`frka n@yauK iuzm@odh;`< wjsoHudk uq;a uqZM uy;a Y@uK iuzm@odh;`<u
46

18. wka;rA.;j we;s iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh jk fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k iliaj we;s nj fu
uZ.ska ksrEms;h'
"wkHhkag wmjdo nsKqfuys yd wkHkaf.a jeros wvqmdvq fijqfuys ksr; fkdjSu
o" m@d;sfudCI ixjrfhka hqla;j jsfjzl fikiqkays jsiqu o" fNdackfhys u;a;Z[aZC|=;djh o(
wdcSj mdrsY`oaOs YS,h yd m@;H ikaksY@s; YS,h ) " isys kqjKska hqla;j fhoS jdih flreu o"
wOsps;a;fhys tkuz f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r OHdk iudm;a;s ps;a;fhys jShH! flreu o" fuzjd
ish,q nq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikh fjz'" wkHkag fodaIdfrdamKh lrkafka yd wkHhkaf.a wvqmdvq
fidhuska isgskafka is; oafjzIfhka hqla; jQ l,h' fuu oafjzIhg m@;smCI OrAu;djh kuz
ffu;@shhs' tnejska ffu;@sh isf;a we;s ;eke;a;d lsis jsfgl tjka fohlg fhduq fkdfjz' tfiau
wkHkag wmjdo keZ.Su yd wvqmdvq fijSu jkdyS ldhsl jdpisl jYfhka we;sjk prAhd
;;ajhkah' tfiau prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhkah' fuu prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhka my<
jSug fya;` jkqfha isf;ys ffu;@S ixl,amh fkdue;s jSuhs' fuu wvqmdvqj |=re lr,Sug yels
fydZou l@shd udrA.h jkqfha yels;dla fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSuhs' tjsg ta ksid uqZm
uy;a fpz;ksl mCIhu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS b;srS hhs' tfiau fiiq
prAhd ixialrKhka f,i oelajSug yels wdydrfhys lEor fkdjSu yd yels;dla
w,afmapzP;djfhka hqla;j jdih lsrSu jeks mqre|= mqyqKq l< hq;` yeisrSuz rgdjka uZ.ska ;j
|=rg;a iajlSh wd;au oukh f.dv kxjd .ekSug nq|=iuh uZ. fmkajkq ,nhs'
fuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaI foaYkdfjys yrh jkafka wysxidjdoS cSjs;hhs'
wjsysxidjdoSj cSj;ajSu ish,q nq|=jrekau miiakd ,o Y@uK OrAuh nj fuys ;yjqre lr ;sfnz'
fuhska mejfikafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska udkj wdl,am ilia lrkakg .kakd ,o jEhul
uQ,sl mokuhs' ish,q fydZo l@shd ish,q l`i, lu! mokuzj we;af;a fu;a;d pska;kh fmrgq
lrf.k nejz fuz uZ.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' fuu wkqYdikh ish,q nq|=jrekagu irAjidOdrK
wkqYdikhla nejs oelajSu uZ.ska fmkaajd oS ;sfnkafka il, jsO ffcj m@cdj flfrys fu;a;d
fpz;kdj fmrgqfldgf.k l@shdlsrSfuz n,j;a ffcj jsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul wjYH;djh
yd tu wjYH;djfhys .enzjk jsYajidOdrKFjhhs'35 fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd
;`< wjsysxidjdoS meje;aula ilia jk nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuz wjsysxidjdoS meje;au kuz fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska we;s jkakd jQ prAhdfjz fjkihs'
YsCIdmo meKjSula fkdue;s uq,a hq.fhys ffk;sl jYfhka fkdj ksjeros
ms<sfj;g ms<smka NsCIQka fj;ska m@lg jQ ksrjoH prAhdfjz iajrEmh oS> ksldfha iS,laLJO
j.a.fha;a" ucACOsu ksldfha fndfyda iQ;@j,;a" pQ, iS, ucACOsu iS, yd uyd iS, jYfhka olakg
,efnz' fuu Ys, ms<sfj;a lsis|= wdldrhlska ffk;slj NsCIQka flfrys meKjS ;snqKq YsCIKhla
fkdj ksrdhdifhkau ksis uZ.g ms<smka NsCIQka jsiska ms,smosk ,o huz wdpdr jsoHd;aul
iuzuq;shla jYfhka f.kyer olajd ;sfnz' ta yeu jsglu thska wjOdrK lr ;sfnkqfha yqfola
47

19. iuQyhd flfrys yd iuia; ffcj m@cdj flfrysu fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k wfkHdkH
jYfhka iyfhda.fhka l@shd lsrSu msKsi fuu wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;sh bjy,ajk yd bjy,a
fldgf.k we;s njhs' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,d ;`< mej;sfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu ksid ksirA.fhka u prAhdfjys we;sjk hym;a njhs' fuz
iZoyd wuq;`fjka jskh jYfhka yeZoskafjk NsCIq m@;sudk moaO;shla yZ|=kajdoSfuys wjYH;djhla
nq|=ka jykafiag we;s fkdjSh' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wNssm@dh jQfhao fu;a;d
ixl,amh mdol fldg.;a OrAuh ixcdkkh fldgf.k tuZ.ska ish prAhdj f,djg ys; msKsi
ilia lr.ekSu jQ fyhsks' uq,a hq.fhys prAhdj ilia l< uQ,sl fuj,u njg fuz ksid m;a jQfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSuhs' tfy;a fuz ;;ajh l@ufhka fjkia fjuska jskh YsCIdmo
meKjSfuys wjYH;djh mekkeZ.Su;a iuZ.u ix>hdf.a hym; msKsi" ix>hdf.a myiqj
msKsi" |=YaYS, mqoa.,hkag ks.@y msKsi" YsCIdlduS NsCIQkaf.a myiq jsyrKh msKsi" fuf,dj
oS mej;sh yels wdY@jhka ixjrh msKsi" mrf,dj meje;aug uq,ajk wdY@jhka kid,Su msKsi"
fkdmeye|=kjqkaf.a meyeoSu msKsi" ioaOrAufhys psr meje;au msKsi" YsCIKhg wkq.@yh
msKsi hkdoS wfmaCId oyhla fmroers lrf.k Tzjdo md;sfudlaIh foaYkd lrk ,o nj
uydj.a. md,sh wkqj fmfka'36 jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS
mjd meyeos,s jkqfha iuia; NsCIq msrsfiys iuZ.sh wdrCIdjSu m@OdkFjfhys ,d i,ld we;s njhs'
iuZ.sh jkdyS fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d ixjrAOkh jQ nj ndysrj
m@lg lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhd ,CIKh fjz' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka mrudrA: jYfhka fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu uZ.skau wrA:j;a prAhd fjkilg ksrdhdifhkau nZ|=ka jkakd jQ msrsila
jQ nejska tu hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg jskh kuska yeZoskafjk prAhd kS;s moaO;shla
wd.ka;`lj meKjSfuys wjYH;djla nq|=r|=kayg we;s fkdjQ w;r mYapd;a ld,Sk NsCIQka
jykafia,d wdl,amuh jYfhka uq,a hq.fhys jsiQ NsCIqka muKg ksrAjdKdNs,dIS kqjQ fyhska
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSu uZ.ska muKlau wjYH lrk prAhd fjki Wka jykafia,d
;`< we;s lrjSug wfmdfydi;a nejz oek Wkajykafia,dg ish NsCIq mrudra:h imqrd .ekSug
Wjukd lrk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jkakg ie,eiajSu Wfoid jskh kdufhka jq
prAhd OrAu moaO;shla o meKjSug nq|=ka jykafiag is|=jsh' jskh meKjSfuz mrudrA:h o prAhd
YsCIKh uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj lrd jvd myiqfjka <Z.djSug
wjldY ie,fik mrsos udkisl miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ilia lsrSuh'
wdOHd;ausl jsuqla;sh wruqKq lr.;a m@j@cs; msrsi tlu wdpdr OrAu moaO;shlg
tlZ.;djh m<lr l@shdlrSfuz oS iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu uekjska m@lg fjhs' mqoa., l@shdjka
iuQyhdg j.lsj hq;` hq;` mrsos is|=jk jsg iuQyhdf.a meje;au ksrjq,a fjz' fuys oS iuQyhdf.a
iu.sh;a mdrsY`oOsh;a wrA:j;a jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu m@d;sfudlaI YsCIdjka fyj;a wdKd
m@d;sfudlaIh meKjSfuz uQ,sl wfmaCIdj jS ;sfnz'37 ix>hd hkqfjka oelafjk iuQyhd w;r
iduQysl pska;kh Tma kxfjk mrsos Tjqkaf.a pska;kh;a yeisrSuz rgdj;a ilia lr.ekSu fuys
uQ,sl wNsm@dhhs' fuu wfmaCIdj uqZMukskau fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k f.dv kexjS ;sfnz'
48

20. wfkHdkH iyfhda.h f.dvkexjSfuz oS Tjqka tlsfkld w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh mej;Su
wksjdrAhh idOlhla jk nejsks' fuz woyi jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka ix> lu! meje;ajSfuz oS tys
uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i OrAudkQl~,Ndjh;a" ix> msrsfia iu.sh;a wfmaCId lr we;s nejsks'
fuu ix> lu! Wmiuzmod jskh lu!" lGskh mejrSu" mrsjdi udk;a wnzNdk jskh lu!"
mgsidrKSh jskh lu!" ;cAckSh lu!" ksiaih lu!" mnzndckSh lu!" WlafLzmkSh lu! wdoS
jYfhka iduQysl.; ix> cSjs;h mqrd iEu wjia:djloSu mdfya Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuh ix>hd
jsiskau ix>hdf.a mrsmd,kh l@shd;aul lrjkakd jQ l@uhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg
f.ku fuu ix> lu! meje;ajSu fuys uQ,sl ,CIKhhs' iuZ.sh fu;a;d ixl,amh ix> msrsfiys
mj;sk njg meyeos,s YdCIshls' msrsi w;r iuZ.sh ;yjqre lsrSu msKsi fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgq
lrf.k mj;ajkakd jQ uQ,sl m@fNao i;rska hq;` ix> lu!hka f,i wOdrAusl jQ" msrsi fNao jk
lu! uska woyia flfrhs' tjka jskh lu! fkd l< h;`h" fuz wOdrAusl iu.s lu!hhs' iuZ.shg
ndOd ke;;a wOdrAusl nejska tajd o wkqu; fkd flfrA" fuz OdrAusl tfy;a msrsi fNao jk
lu!hhs' msrsfia iuZ.sh ke;s lrk nejska o wkqu; fkd flfrA"fuz OdrAusl jQ iuZ.s lu!hhs' fuh
wkqu;h' iiqkg iq|=iqh' hk j.! i;r nq|=ysushka jsiska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'38 fuu m@fNao
i;rska OdrAuslnj yd iuZ.sh hk folu iys; jQ muKla u nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska fhda.H
f,i wkqu; lr we;af;a OdrAusl nj yd iuZ.sh hk folu tl iudk f,i wka;rA.; jkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh mokuz lr.kakd jsg oS muKla jk fyhsks' wkHhka flfrys iyfhda.Snj yd
wkHkaf.a ys;iqj m;k nj keue;s OdrAusl wfmaCId my< jkqfha ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia
muKla nejsks' fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj fkdue;s ;ek iuZ.sh fyda wkHhka flfrys ys;iqj
m;k pska;khla we;s jkafka ke;' wdKd md;sfudlaLh jqjo" Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh jqjo fuz
foflkau woyia flfrkqfha nq|=iufhka ksrAosYaG flrS we;s mru ksIaGdj jk ksrAjdKh
YdlaId;a lr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH lrk ldhsl udkisl jgdmsgdjla f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu
ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS tu l@ufjzoh wkq.ukh lrkakd lsishuz wdpdr
jsoHd;aul YsCIKhlg wkq.;j ;u wej;`uz ilia lr.ekSula wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' fuu
wej;`uz mej;`uz lsishuz ksrAfoaYs; jsOsl@uhlg wkq.;j ilia lr.ekSu Ydik n@yau prAhdj
f,i wrA: olajkq ,efnz'39
Ydik n@yau prAhdfjys uQ,sl w;a;sjdru f,i ms<s.ekS we;af;a OdrAusl jQ"
iduQysl osjs fmfj; nj meyeos,s lreKls' fuu iduQysl osjs fmfj; ksid ish,q .egquz wrAnqo
j,g uq,ajk ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdfjka fuu iiqka uZ.g ms<smka mqoa.,hdj uqojd Tyq ;`<
iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYHlrk miqnsu ilia lrfokq ,nhs'
OdrAuslFjh;a" iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKh;a mqo.,hd ;`< cks; lrkq ,nkafka ;u ix>
iudch ;`< fjfik wksl`;a idudcslhka ms<snZo ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhkah' NsCIq osjs fmfjf;ys
uQ,sldx. fu;a;d ixl,amh mdollr f.k ilia jS ;sfnz' wdKd md;sfudlaLh uZ.ska fuu ffu;@S
mQrAjl wdl,amhka jv jvd;a jHdma; jSug iq|=iq jkakd jQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla yZ|=kajd
fokq ,nk w;r Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh ;ud ;`< fkdue;s ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka we;s lr.ekSug
49

21. iq|=iq ldhsl yd jdpisl mrsirhla ksrAudKh lrfokq ,nhs' fuz wkqj Ydik n@yauprAhfha oS
40
b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd udkj wdl,amhla f,i wmg fu;a;d ixl,amh yZ|=kajd osh yelsh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ouzumoh
( Metta Concept & Dhammapada )
Ouzumofhka ms<snsUq jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh uZ.ska fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys jsjsO iajrEmhka ms<snZoj lreKq jgyd .ekSug wjldY ie,fia' Lqoaol ksldhg
wh;a Ouzumofhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj b;d mqZM,a jsjrKhka oel.; yel' hul
j.a.fhys ffjr fkdlsrSfuz wkqiia oelafjk my; iZoyka .d:dj uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh jHma; lr;a lr;au tys wka;rA.; udkj ys;jdoS .`Kh uZ.ska wkHhkaf.a
is;a ksjS iekiSug m;a jk wdldrhhs'
ffjr lrkakdg ffjr fkdlsrSfuka u ffjrhka ixisZoSug m;a fjz' fuh yeuod
f,dj mj;akd jQ OrAu;djhls' fuuZ.ska fy,s fmfy<s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s
Wmfhda.s;d .`Khhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid is;g wkdosu;a ld,hla uqZM,af,a
ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkays n,mEu l@u l@ufhka bj;a jS hEu;a tu bj;a
jSu fya;`fldg f.k isf;ys m@Ndiajrh wjqrdf.k isgs kSjrK OrAuhkaf.a myj hdu;a kSjrK
OrAuhka myjSu ksid;a laf,aYhkaf.ka fkdls,sgs jQ m@Ndiajr is; ixZoSug m;a jk wdldrh;a
by; uekjska olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq huz huz fodaI
iy.; ixcdkk ixl,amhka bj;a lsrSug hdug m@:u ;uka iajlSh isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh
41
ixcdkkh uZ.ska frdamKh fldgf.k issgsh hq;` nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nhs'
uefrk nj fkdokafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,yh ikaisfZo;s'
fuys iZoyka uefrk iajNdjh kuz wks;H iajNdjhhs' fyj;a CIKsl urKhhs' fuz cSj;ajk fia
fmfkk wm fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid urKhg m;a jk nj ie,lSu uZ.ska wkqka yd ;uka
fjka lrf.k wkHhka flfia cSj;ajqj;a ;uka muKla iqjfia cSj;ajSug is;k oevs
wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj |=re lr yerSu fuhska woyia jS ;sfnz' ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd wksh;
iajNdjfha mj;soaoS wkHhka wruqKq fldg oafjzIh my< fkdfjz' oafjzIh we;s jkqfha ish
cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh wdjrKh fldgf.k ne,Sug yd oelSug mqre|= mqyqKq jSu ksidh'
wks;H nj is;;a is;;au l@u l@ufhka isf;ys we;a;d jQ oafjzIh myj hhs' fuz ksid fu;a;d
ixl,amh jevSug b;du myiqu l@uh ish cSjs;fhys wks;H iajNdjh ksrka;rfhkau mqre|=
42
mqyqKq lsrSuhs'
50

22. neKSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz hk ldhsl yd jdpisl fodaIhka ixcdkkh
jSu;a" tlS ixcdkkh prAhdjg mjd n,mEuz lrk ;;ajhl mej;Su;a ksid ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa'
is; ;`< fodaI iy.; ixl,amhka ixcdkkh jS we;s l, tu fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a
fufyhjSu ksid ldhsl jYfhka yd jdpisl jYfhka fkdfhla wlghq;`luz mqoa.,fhl` fj;ska
is|= fjz' kuq;a tu wlghq;`luz tu mqoa.,hdf.a ksirA. iajNdjh fkdfjz' iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au
ksirA. iajNdjh kuz hym; njhs' tu ksirA. jQ hym;a iajNdjh wjqrd oukqfha wd.ka;`lj
is;g ixcdkkh jk fodaI iy.; ixl,amhhs' fuu iajNdjh wjfndaO lr fkd.ekSu ;j
;j;a fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla jk w;r th ukdj oek yeZosk
43
wjfndaO lr .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla fjz'
fkdfhl`;a wdldrfha ldhsl yd jdpisl ysxidjka ms<snZo we;slr .kakd ,o
fldamh isf;ys fkd neZoS l, is; b;du;a blaukska ixisfZoa' fuhska isf;ys ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys
;j;a tla me;slvla jsia;r flfrhs' is;a fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrjSug m@Odk jYfhka fya;`
jkqfha isf;ys we;s fldamh nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nk w;r tu fldamh fkdue;af;a jS kuz
fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrk ,oafoa jS kuz ta fya;`j ksid is; jvd;a
myiqfjka ixisZoSug m;a jk nj fmkajd foa' fjk;a wfhl` jsiska lrk ,o prAhd jeros tkuz
nekSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz jeks ldhsl yd jdpisl wvqmdvqluz fya;`fldg f.k tuZ.ska
iajlSh ps;a; ika;dkh wmjs;@ jSug fya;`jk oafjzI ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug bv m@ia;jla
fkd;nd ta mqoa.,hd foi jqj o yq|= wkqluzmdfjka n,kakg ;ruz fu;a;d ixl,amh is;fys
fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrf.k isgsk ;eke;a;dg ta fya;`j ksid jvd;a fydZoska ish is; ixisZofjk
nj fuhska meyeos,s fldg fmkajd os we;'44
wkqkaf.a rZM mrZM nia l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg ish lghq;`
muKla i,ld ne,sh hq;`h' wkHkaf.a oafjzI ixl,am ixcdkkh fya;`fjka yg .;a;d jQ prAhd
wvqmdvq jk jdpisl yd ldhsl jeros flfrys mjd WfmaCId iy.; is;ska i,ld ne,sh yels
muKg ish is;a i;kays fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh ;`<ska we;slr th ukdj /l hq;` nj
fuhska m@ldYs;h' tu l@shdudrA.hg flfkl` m<uqfldgu wj;SrAK jSug kuz ;uka ;`< yg
.kakd jQ prAhjka yslaujd .; hq;` w;r tf,i yslujd .;af;l`yg wk;`rej udkisl
wxYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K l< yelsh'45
if;di jefvk fohla lsrSu iem;g fya;`jk nejska b;d hym;a jkafkah'
if;di hkq i;`ghs' i;`g we;s jkafka wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;a iajNdjh we;s lr .eksu uZ.sks'
fuysoS ;udf.a i;`g fukau wkHhkaf.a i;`g o jeo.;a fia i,ld we;' yqfola ;ukaf.a i;`g
muKla i,lk mqoa.,hd ,nkqfha kshu i;`g fkjk nj nq|=iuh ;`< meyeos,s lroS we;'
i;`gla kshu i;`gla jSug kuz th wkHhkaf.a is; iqj msKsi fya;`jsh hq;` nj fuys oS jeo.;a
51

23. f,i wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k ldhsl yd jdpisl jYfhka
wkHkaf.a hym; fjkq fjka lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ksrjoH i;`g ,nk
udrA.h fy<s fmfy<s lr .kshs' tfukau ta fya;`j ksidu u;`jg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh
jSug wjldYh o i,id .kafkl` njg m;a fjz'46
rd.fhka fkdf;;a jQ lsmSfuka oevs fkdjQ is;a we;s mska mjz |=r,Q fudaCIhg m;a
jQ mqoa.,hdg ( ry;kajykafiag ) flf,ia nsh ke;' fuysoS rd.h f;;a iajNdjhla f,i i,ld
we;af;a ta fya;`j ksid is; kshudldrfhka lrAuKH jSug ndOd we;s lrjk nejsks' huzlsis
fohla f;;a iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsg th l@shd;aul jSug ndOd we;s lrjhs' tfiau wOsl jsh<s
fyda oevs iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsgo l@shd;aul fkdfjz' oevs nj fuysoS olajd we;af;a lsmSu
jYfhks' fujeks ;;ajhka we;s jkqfha rd. yd oafjzI ksid nj meyeos,sh' tu ixfpzz;kd folu
yg.kqfha uki ,nkakd jQ wruqK jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksidh' wruqfKys h:d iajNdjh
oelsug kuz tf,i oelSug ;ruz fudark ,o kqjKlska wruqKq foi ne,sh hq;` fjz' hful` ;`<
tnZ|+ kqjKla my< fjkafka wrAy;a udrA. M,hg ta mqoa.,hd m;a jSu ;`<skau muKs' oekqu
W.;alu ;`<ska ,nk Z{dKh ;djld,sl wia:sr jQjls' tfiau th m@;HCI wjfndaOhla o fkdfjz'
;uka leu;s wruqK ms<snZo we,au yg .ekSu ksid rd.h o wlue;s wruqK ms<snZo fkdukdmh
ksid oafjzIh o my< lr.kshs' huzl,l oafjzIh fkdfjz kuz tl, rd.h o fkdue;' rd.h yd
oafjzIh tla;rd wdldrhl wka; folls' tfiau tajd tlu ldisfhys fome;a; nZ|=h' fu;a;d
ixl,amh wkqj ish ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh we;s lr.kakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ,nk
YsCIKh Ndjs; lruska ;j |=rg;a ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ixjrh n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ;j |=rg;a udkisl wxYfhka ,nk by<u ;;ajh wrAy;aM,h
jYfhka oelajsh yelsh'47
oeuqKq bZ|=rka we;s myl<d jQ udkh we;s flf<ia rys; jQ uOHia: mej;`uz we;s
WfmaCId iy.; mqoa.,hkaf.a ( ry;kajykafiaf.a ) orAYkh fojsjre mjd m@drA:kh lr;s'
;ukaf.a prAhd rgdjka ;ukag md,kh lr.; yels ugzgul mej;Su oeuqKq nj kuz fjz' tfia
md,kh lr.ekSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHkaf.a o is; iqj msKsi mj;shs' fuf,i l@shd lrkakd jQ
mqoa.,hd ta wdldrfhka ls@hd lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fufyhjSu fya;`fjks' wkHhka o
;uka yd iudkj i,ld n,d l@shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;`< ish,a,kaf.au hym; ie,eiajSu msKsi
we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'48 fu;a; iQ;@h ( lrKSh fu;a; iq;a; ) jkdyS ish OHdk
Ndjkdjg ndOd l<d jQ fojsjrekg jodrk f,i kshu fldg ieje;a kqjr wi, jk fmfoil
jsorAYkd Ndjkd lu!ia:dk jevQ mkaiShhla NsCIQka jykafia,d msrsilg foaYkd l< iQ;@
foaYkdjls' my; oelafjk fuz msrs;a iQ;@h nq|=r|=ka fj;ska Wf.k osjd rd;@S icACOdhkd fldg ta
fojs msrsif.a us;`re is; o ,nd ish lu!ia:dkhka iu!mQrAK fldg f.k wrAy;ajhg m;ajQy'49
52

24. lrKSh fu;a;d iQq;@fhys uq,skau iZoyka jkqfha fuu msrs; ks;s ms<smeo
icACOdhkd fldg ,nd.; yels wdksixYh ms<snZojh' m@Odk jYfhka ;ukaf.a ldhsl yd
udkisl iqjh;a w;sfrAl jYfhka wukqIH nsh |=re lsrSu;a fuhska is|= jk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz'
fujeks .`Khka is;d th osjd rd;@S Ndjs;d lsrSu ;`<ska mqoa.,hdf.a is; msrsis|= jS kmqre nsh
ckl isysk fmkSu |=re lr iqj kskaola ,nd .; yelsh'50 luzue,s ke;s lSlre wjxl uD|=
ksy;udks ldreKsl mqoa.,fhl` jSu ksrAjdKh ,en .ekSfuys jSrAh jvkakd i;`j ;snsh hq;`jQ
m@Odku ,CIKhhs'51 ksrka;rfhka i;`gq is;ska hq;`j ld,h f.jk wkHhkayg nrla fkdjk
m@ikak fmkqula iys; Z{dKjka; msrsfiys fkdwe,qKq udk rys; jQ ieye,a,q .;s mej;`uz we;s
mqoa.,fhl` o fjz'52 m@Z{djka;hska jsiska fodia jYfhka i,lk foa j,ska je<l`Kq mqoa.,fhl`
fjz'53 ish,q iFjfhda nsh rys; nfjka hqla; j iqjm;a jQ is;ska ld,h .; lrkq ,efnzjd'54 iEu
;eklu jdih lrk tla YrSr m@udKj,ska hqla; jQ flf,ia we;s yd ke;s cSjSka ish,a,u55
fmfkk fkdfmfkk <Z. yd |=r jik bmoSug wdikakj isgsk ish,q cSjSka ks|=la
fjzjd'56mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`yg jxpdjka wjuka |=la mSvd we;s fkdflfrAjd'57 uj
58
ish tlu mq;` rlakdla fuka ish,q iFjhska fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrkak' ;uka o
wkHhka o hk ish,q wdldrfha iSudjka |=relruska wkHhkayg o ;ukag mrsoafoka fu;a;d
ixl,amh jHdma; l< hq;`h'59 iEu brshjzjloSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoju isysfhka isgskak'
nU jsyrKh hkq fujeks msrsis|= mej;`uls'60 lsisod oDIags.;slfhla fkdjS iS,fhka yd hym;a
oelafuka hqla;j ldu ixZ{dfjys ksrAfjzohg meusK fuf,dj fkdWmoskafkah'61
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrK
( Metta Cocept & Four Nobile Life )
n@yau jsydrhla f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h nq|=iuh ;`< m@Ndjs;h'
nq|=rcdKkajykafia wh;a jkafkao Y@uK iuzm@odhghs. nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;a l< fu;a;d
ixl,amh fuf;la tu m@ia;`;h ms<snZoj bosrsm;alrkq ,enqjd jQ w;sYh mqZM,au yd wx.iuzmQrAK
u wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,amh f,i oelajsh yel' fuz wkqj nq|=rcdKkajykafia fu;a;d
ixl,amh isjq nU jsyrKj,g wka;rA.; fldg b;d mqZM,a wrA:fhka hqla;j foaYkd l<y.
isjq nU jsyrKj,g wh;a b.ekajSuzjkqfha fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d yd WfmalaLd
hk ixl,am i;rhs' fuys fu;a;d hkafkka woyiajkqfha ffu;@shhs' us;@Fjhhs ishZM iFjhka
jsIfhys ys; iqj ie,iSfuz we;s jk leue;a;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ffjrhg yd fl@daOhg
m@;sjsreoaO iajNdfhka ixcdkkh flfrkakd jQ ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid is;
ksjSug yd iekiSug m;ajk nj oyfuys iZoyka fjz' fuys iZoyka iafkayh kuz is; uD|= yd
lu!KH iajNdjh muqKqjk ,sys,a njhs' fuu ,sys,a nj ufkda ldhsl ikaiqka iqjodhs njla
ckkh jk wdldrfhka is;g m@S;suh fuda|=jSuhs' il,jsO ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys yg.kakd rECI
53

25. iajNdjh |=re lrkqfha thg m@;smCI ixcdkkh jk uD|= iy.; ,sys,a nj kuz iafkayh njhs'
fuys iafkayh kuz yqfola is;g wd;;sh we;s lrjk ;DIaKdj fkdfjz' ;DIaKdj yg.kajkafka
ksis wdldrfhka wruqK .@yKh lr.ekSug wiu;ajSu fya;`fjka tlS wruqKqfKys h:d
iajNdjh fkdyeZosk yqfola fjhsos; mCIfhka muKla thg weZMuz lrkakg hdu ksid ixl,am
ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS ;;ajhla Wodfjz' fudayh f,i yeZoskafjkafka ixl,am ixcdkkh flfrys
ndOdldrS f,i l@shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajlSh pska;k iajNdjhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh
ksishdldrfhka ixcdkkh fkdjSu fuday mQj!dx.u jSu kuska yeZoskafjz' fudaymQj!x.u ps;a;
ixl,amhka ixcdkk jkqfha f,daN iajrEmfhks' fuys kshu iajNdjh jsoHudk flfrkqfha
m@Z{dj uQ,sl fldgf.k wkHhka wruqKq lr f.k my<jk jsgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS
woafjzI iajrEmfhka ksrEms; yd tfukau wf,daN iuzm@hqla; ps;a; ixl,amhls'
fu;a;d ixl,amh us;@Fjh jYfhka f.k o ie,lsh yelsh' uska us;@ nj yd us;@
.`Kh i,ld we;' ffu;@sfhys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys ys;j;a ,CIKfhka hqla;j
meje;auh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh kuz i;aFjhka flfrys ys;iqj m@drA:kd lsrSuh'
tys mpzpqmgzGdkh kuz ffjr ixl,amhka is;ska |=re lsrSuh' mogzGdkh f,dj jikakd jQ ishZM
wdldrfha ffcj jrA.hd jsIfhys leu;s iajrEmh oelajSuh' iuzm;a;sh jHdmdo ixisZojSu jk
w;r jsm;a;sh fuday iajrEmfhka jQ iafkay bmsojSuhs' fuday iajrEmfhka fkdjQ iafkayh
fodaIfhka f;drh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ.u Ndjs;d jk wfkla ixl,amh lreKdjhs' lreKdj
jsia;r flfrkqfha i;a mqreIhska jsiska wkHhkaf.a |=l oel tu |=l ;ud m;a |=lla f,i i,ld
bka ish yoj; wkHhkag msysg jSfuz fpz;kdfjka mqrjd .ekSfuz fp;kdj fyj;a ixl,amh
f,ihs' wkHhkaf.a |=flys is;a thska luzmdjg m;a jkafka o lreKdj ksiduh' fuys iZoyka jk
luzmkh kuz wkHhkaf.a |=lanr iajNdjh wruqKq fldg is;ays my< lr.kakd ixfjzoSFjhhs'
fuu ldreksl iajNdjh mqoa., fNaoh wkqj mqZM,a iajNdjhla .kshs' OHdk ugzgfuzoS iEu
mqoa.,fhl`u ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.;a;d jQ uQ,sl lreKd ixl,amh me;srjSu jYfhka mqZM,a
l< hq;`h' lreKdj |=laLs;hka flfrys me;srjSuz jYfhka jHdma; l<hq;` nj o iZoyka fjz'62
lreKd hk ps;a; ixl,amh ;j;a fndfyda wdldrhlska o oelajsh yelsh'
idudkH mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s jkakd jQ lreKdjg jvd fndaOs iuzNdrhka mQrKh lrkq ,nkakd
jQ fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia kul ;`< yg .kakd lreKdj uy;ah' fndaOsiFjjrfhl` ;`<
we;a;d jQ lreKdjg jvd iuzud iuznq|=jrhdKka jykafiakul ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdfjz
iajrEmh w;s uy;ah' th uyd lreKd hkqfjka oelafjkafka tfyhsks' lreKd hkafkka woyia
jkqfha |=%Ls; iFjhka |=gqjsg Tjqka flfrA my<jk yDo luzmkh nj by; iZoyka idudkH
jsia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fjz' Tjqka tu |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka huzlsis i;amqreIfhl`f.a
is;ays |=lg m;a f,dal iFjhd wruqKqfldg my<jk lreKdju tys mrsmQrAK wjia:dj f,i
ie,fla' iuzud iuznq|=rcdKkajykafia,d ;`< my<jk lreKdfjz tu mrsmQrAKdjia:dj uyd
54

26. lreKd iudm;a;s Z[dKh jYfhka yeZoskafjz' tu ksid nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jpkhla
f,i lreKdj hk mohu fhdod uyd ldreKslhka jykafia,d hk fh|=u Ndjs;d lrkq ,efnz.
lreKdfjys ,CIKh |=laLs; iFjhkaf.a |=la |=re lrk wdldrfhka meje;auhs'
fufia is;Suz ud;@ jYfhka ishZM f,dal jdiS iFjhkaf.a ishZM |=la |=re jqjo fkdjqj o th fuu
ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS fkdfjz' m@Odk jYfhka wm fuys oS wruqKq lr.kakd tys rih
kuska yeZoskafjk lreK kuz furud |=la fkd bjiSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh f,i oelafjkafka
wjsysxidjh' tfukau tys mogzGdkh |=lska fmZMKjqkaf.a wirK nj oelauhs' ta fya;`j ksidu
wirKhka |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka ps;a; ixl,amhka yg.kshs' lreKd ixl,amfhys
iuzm;a;sh jYfhka oelafjkqfha jsysxid ixisZojSuhs' lreKd ixl,amh ixcdkkh flf,ilj;a
jsm;a we;s fkdlrjhs' fudayuQ,sl jYfhka wruqKq jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksid bka we;s jk
jsm;a;s jYfhka lreKdjg wruKq jQ |=laLs; iFjhka iqjm;a lsrSuz jYfhka Tjqkayg
m@udKhg jvd weZMuz lsrSu wka;rdhldrS jkafka huz fyhlska fuu ixcdkkh fuday uQ,sl
jqjfyd;a bka bmfok fifkyi ksid we,Suz neZoSuz yg .ekajSfuz bvlv myiqfjka we;sjk
ksidh' funZ|= fifkyila we;s ;eke;a;d;`< wkHhka ksid weZMuzlr jQ iskd yg.ekSu we,Suz
neZoSuz we;s jQ njg ,l`Kla jYfhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'63
uqos;dfjys iajNdjh iajNdjh i;`gg m;ajSuhs' huzlsis wruqKla ms<snZoj is;g
we;sjkakd jQ i;`g fudaokh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' wkqkaf.a iemiuzm;a yd hi biqre ms<snZoj
ixcdkkh fldg bka i;`gg m;ajSu uqos;dj kuska yeZoskafjz' uqos;dj we;sjSug BrAIHdj kuska
yeZoskafjk iDKd;aul wdl,am is;ska |=rejsh hq;`h' ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d bgq lrkq ,nkakd jQ
ldrAhh wruqKq fldg th lrK ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" tu ixl,amh tu
bgq lrkq ,nk ldrAhhg wOsm;s jYfhka i,ld l;!D ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i
fyda" ta folskau jHx.drA:j;a jk Ndjuh iajNdjh i,ld Ndj ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA:
oelafjk f,i fyda uqos;dj jsia;r lsrSug yelsh' uqos;dj iqLs; iFjhka wruqKqfldg isf;ys
my<fjhs' fuh BrAIHdjg m@;smCI OrAuhhs' idrOrAu ixl,amhla jYfhka .;al< fuys
fndfyda fldgu olakg ,efnkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkays me;slv kuz wdfjzok me;slvhs' fuu
wdfjzokh m@fudaokh is; by<g bmsf<k iajNdjh wruqKq fldg mj;shs' fuhg wruqK f,i
.kakd iqLs; iFj wruqKo isf;ys m@fudao iajNdjh ;Sj@r lrjkakg Wmldrj;a jkakls'
uqos;dfjys ,CIKh m@fudaoh fyj;a wkHhkaf.a iem iuzm;a wruqKqfldg i;`gqjSuh' rih
BrAIHdfjka je<lSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh kuz mr iuzm;a wOsl`Y,OrAu" fjfyr jsydr hk fuys
fkdwef,k iajNdjh ke;s lsrSuh' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjhkaf.a iuzm;a;s oelauh'
iuzm;a;sh fkdwe,au ixisZojd,Suh' jsm;a;sh neZoSuz jYfhka yg.kakd isf;ys i;`g we;sjSuhs'
WfmalaLd hkak wffjr fj;ajd hkdoS jHdmdo |=re lsrSfuka o" uOHia:Ndjhg
meusKSfuka o w;am;a lr.; yelsh'64 WfmaCId hkafkka woyiajkqfha iFjhka jsiska jsZoskq ,nk
55

27. |=laiem ish,a,lau Tjqkaf.a lu!dkqrEmj meusfKk nj ie,lSfuka lu!h ;u;uka wh;a fldg
we;s nj fufkys lsrSfuka isf;ys we;slr.kakdjQ uOHia:;djhhs' fyj;a ueoy;a Ndjhhs'
WfmaCIdj uZ.ska ueoy;a wdfjzokhka weiqre fldg isf;ys we;sjkakd jQ ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka o
fndfyda fldg u ikaisZ|=kq iajNdjhka fmkajhs' tfukau wdfjzok me;slfvys jshqla;;d .`Kh o
we;' jshqla; nj hkq ixhqla; njska fjka jSuhs' fyj;a ps;a; mdCIsl nj wOsl fldg we;' i;r
n@yau jsyrKu jshqla; idrOrAu ixl,am jqj o fuu WfmaCId wdfjzokfhys jshqla;;d .`Kh
fiiq wdfjzohkag jvd wOsl;rh' WfmaCIdfjys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: wdldrfhka
meje;auh' rih m@shd oS fNao we;s i;aFjhka flfrys iu;;ajfhka we;sjSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh
;ry yg.ekSu ixisZojSuhs' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjfhda lu!h wkqju Wia my;a nj Wreu
lr.;af;a hehs kqjKska ie,lSuhs' m@fhdackh kuz ;ry we;sjSu ixisZojSuh' jsm;a;sh neZoSu ksid
yg.kakd jQ we,afuka cks; jQ wZ{dk jQ WfmaCIdj yg.ekSuhs' WfmaCId iy.; fudayh
wZ{dfkdafmCId kuz fjz'
i;r n@yau jsyrKhkag wh;a fuz ixl,am i;frys uQ,sl iudkluz yd tajdgu
iqjsfYaIS jsjsO yev;, o olakg ,efnz. iudklu jkqfha fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka
jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` njhs' taksid jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys fuu ixl,am i;rg wmamuZ[aZ[d hehs
jHjydr lrkq ,efnz.fuu ixl,am i;rg n@yaujsyrK hehs lshkq ,nkafka uyd n@yauhd <Z.
fuz .`K we;ehs ie<flk nejsks. tnejska f,daljdiSyq Tyqg f.#rj lr;s. fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d
WfmalaLd hk i;rska tla tla lreKska iuzmQrAKj jsiqfha kuz th n@yau jsyrKhg iudk
jkafkah' th W;`uz jsyrKhla nejska n@yau jsydr hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz.
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdj
( Metta Cincept & Meditation )
jsoY!kd iqLh yd Nj iuzm;a;sh fuz i;r n@yaujsydrhka jrAOkh lsrSu ksid
fmd|=fjz ysusjk jrm@idohhs' jHdmdofhka is; uqojd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqjsfYaIS
iajNdjhs' lreKdfjys iqjsfYaIs iajNdjh jsysxidfjka usoSuhs' uqos;dfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh kuz
wr;sh kuska yeZoskafjk fkdmej;Su ms,snZoj yg.efkk wdYdj is;ska bj;a lr .ekSuhs'
WfmaCIdfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh jkqfha fkdmeje;au uq,lr .;a rd.fhka ( tla;rd |=rlg fuys
WpzfPAo iajrEmhla wka;rA.; fjz' ) bj;a jSuhs' 65
fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` ksid;a ixl,am
i;rgu mdol jkqfha ffu;@s iy.; fpz;kdj jk ksid;a fuz lreKq i<ld fuz ixl,am
i;frysu flaJ|@Sh wdl,amh jkqfha fu;a iy.; fpz;kdj hehs fmd|= tlZ.Fjhlg meusKsh
yel'tu ixl,am i;rg iqjsfYaIs jsjsO yev;, olakg we;s kuq|= fuu ixl,am ish,a,gu mdol
56

28. jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid tu ixl,amh wdruzNlj jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a uki fiiq
ixl,amj,g ixcdkk wdOdrlhla imhhs' tu ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa., uki
fiiq ixl,amhkao yg.ekSug iq|=iq ;;ajhg yev .iajkq ,nhs' fud<fhys ridhksl yd
cSjjsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ikaksfjzokhkag m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhka imhdfohs'
i;r n@yau jsyrK w;`frka tla tla n@yau jsydrKhg wdikak i;`rdh" |=r
i;`rd hehs i;`frda fofofkls'66 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl``yg wdikakfhys yeisfrk i;`rd fuka
ffu;@S n@yau jsyrKhg rd.h wdikak i;`rdh' ffu;@sh yd rd.h .`K oelafuys ,d iudk
nejsks' ta rd. i;`rd iaj,am jQo isys uQ,dfjlska ffu;@sh |=re fldg ta wruqK .kakg ksis nejska
Tyqf.ka is; ukd fldg /l .; hq;`hs' rd. ixl,amfhys ndysr iajrEmh jk wruqfKys
m@idoh yg.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhyso olakg ;sfnz' rd. ixl,amh ksrAfjzoh lrd hk
hful`f.a m@;smodfjys fjz.h ukao.duS lrk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh tu .uk fjz.j;a lrhs'
ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd rd. ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSfuz cSj jsoHd;aul
iuzNdjs;djla usksid we;`ZM ish,qu cSjSka Wreu lrf.k isgshs' fuz fya;`j ksid ixcdkkuh
jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrkakd fuhska uy;a wmyiqjlg ,la fjz'
jHdmdohg nshm;a fkdjS fu;a;d ixl,amh jv jvd;a ixcdkkh l< hq;`h'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrk w;r;`r tljsgl oS fl@daOh jrAOkh lrkafkah hk fuz fol
lsis jsgl oS j;a tljsg is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSu ksid is; rZM
lrk jHdmdo ixl,amh is;g fkdmsjsfia'67 prAhd jYfhka ndysrj m@ldY jk muKg fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkkh jS ;snSu fuysoS wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj fia ie,fla' lreKd n@yau jsyrKhg
mSvd iys; foduzki wdikak i;`rdh' jsm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' jsysxidj |+r i;`rdh'
lreKdj yd jsysxidj iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' ta fyhska jsysxidfhka nshg m;a fkdjS
lreKd jevsh hq;`h'
uqos;d n@yau jsyrKhg we,Suz iys; fiduzki wdikak i;`rdh' we,Suz iys;
fiduzki hkq m@sh ukdm wruqKq ,en ta flfrys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,au yd fmr ,enqjd jQ m@sh
ukdm wruqKq ms<snZoj jrA;udkfhys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,auhs' iuzm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk
nejsks' fkdwe,au |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska ta fkdwe,afuka nsh fkdjS
uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh j;a j;au is; jv jvd;a
m@uqos; jkafkah' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrhg jkdys we,Suz iys; wZ{dk WfmaCIdj wdikak i;`rdh'
neZoSuz iys; we,afuka yg.kakd WfmaCId kuz lsishuz wruqKl h:d iajNdjh fkdoekSu ksid tu
wruqK flfrys uq,dfjka ueoy;a nj we;s lr .ekSuhs'68 fodaI .`K wjsjdrK jYfhka iudk
nejsks' rd.h yd ;ryj |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska rd.fhka yd
;ryfhkaa nshg m;a fkdjS WfmaCIdj jevsh hq;`h' WfmCIdj ixcdkkh lrkafkah' rd.h yd
m@;s>h jrAOkh lrkafkah hkq lsis lf,l tla jsfgl is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' n@yau jsydr
57

29. kdufhka ie,flk fulS i;r ixl,amhka ishZM ffcj j.!hd jsIfhysu we;s fmd|= w;Dma;slr
;;ajfhka fuz i;r n@yau jsydr i;aFjhka flfrys ysff;Is nj we;s PJoh Wmojhs' WfmaCId
n@yau jsydrh o i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: mej;`uz leu;sjSuz jYfhka mj;akd PJoh m@Odk
fldg mj;shs' tys olakg we;af;a yqfola jsjD; iajNdjh yd jsreoaO fkdjSuz jYfhka mj;akd jQ
PJoh fjz' fuz jQ l,S uOHia: jQ PJohhs' tuZ.ska laf,aY yd kSjrKdosh uev meje;ajSu uOHh
f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wm!Kdj jQ l,S tys wjidk wjia:dj fjz'
i;r n@yau jsyrK w;rska fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ;`k p;`Ial kHdhg
wkql~,j ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdjfldg mj;S' mxp kHdhhg wkql~,j i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj
fldg mj;S' fuu fu;a;d" lreKd yd uqos;d hk ixl,amj, fidukiaih jsoHduk jk nejsks'
fidaukiaih isf;ys fkdue;s jsg fidaukiaifhka Wmoskd jHdmdo" jsysxid" wr;Ska f.a
ksiairKh we;sjk ksidh' ldudoSkag ksiairKh jQ fklaLuzudoSka fuka foduzkia iemsh hq;`
jHdmdodoSkag ksiairKh jQ fu;a wdoSyq fiduzkia iy .shd fj;s hk wrA:hs' ksiairK
.@yKfhkau mQrAj jQ fu;a;doSkaf.a WfmaCId iuzm@fhda.h o wkqZ{d;hhs o; hq;`h' tfyhskau
we|=frda wgjsis isf;lays lreKd" uqos;djkaf.a m@jD;a;sh mikq ,efn;s' WfmaCId fjzokdj jkdyS
wjfYaI tl OHdkhuh' l`ula fyhskao WfmaCIdj fjzokdj yd iuzm@hqla; fyhsks' ta tfiauh'
i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia:dldrfhka mj;akd n@yau jsydfrdafmCIdj WfmaCId fjzokdj ke;sj
fkd mj;afkah' nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska wx.`;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys oS OHdk i;r –
i;r n@yau jsyrKfhys ,d idudkHfhka jodrK ,oafoah' tkuq;a i;r n@yau jsyrKu
69
i;rjeks – miajeks OHdk fkdfjzz' tfia kuz ldhdkqmiaikdosh o i;rjk miajk OHdk hehs
lshkakg is|= fjz' fjzokdkqmiaikdosfhys m@:u OHdkh mjd fkdue;s ksid oajs;Sh OHdkdosh
flfiaj;a fkd,efnz'70 tfyhska nqoaO jpkfhys jHxZ[ck Pdhd ud;@h muKla i,ld iuzud
iuznq|=rcdKka jykafiayg wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh fkd l< hq;`h'71 nqoaO jpkh .eUqreh'
wdpdhH! u;hka flaJ|@fldgf.k ;uka o jspdr mQrAjlj OrAu jskh yd iiZod n,d ksjeros hehs
iEySug m;a jkafka kuz muKla ms<s.; hq;`h'72
fuz wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu OHdk ugzgfuka .;a l, mxpu
yd p;`Ial jYfhka fojoEreuz fjz' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuzoS th ldhdkqmiaikd
Ndjkdj mQrAj Ndjkdjla fldg bka wk;`rej is|= lrkakd jQ ia:dkhkaysoS th yeZoskafjkafka
ps;a; iudOsh mQrAjx. lr.kakd ,o ldhdkqmiaikdj f,isks'73 tu fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh
lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh wrAy;ajh olajdu fhduq.; jS mj;shs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkfhys
mrsiudma;s wjia:dj ;`kajk OHdk wjia:dj yd i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jHdma; jS
mj;sk nj o;a hq;`h' fuhska Tnzfnys we;af;a i;rjk OHdk wjia:djhs' tu i;rjk OHdk
wjia:djg m;ajSug kuz WfmaCId ixl,amh jrAOkh l< hq;`h' tfukau WfmaCId ixl,amh
i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd wjYH kuz flfkl`g m@.`K lsrSug o mqZMjk' wNsOrAu kHdh
wkqjo fuys iudk njla oel.; yelsh' fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ixl,amhka ;`k jrAOkh
58

30. lsrSfuz l@shd mgsmdgsh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS ;`kajk OHdkh
ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj
fldg o jsia;r lr ;sfnz' WfmaCId ixl,amh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk
wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk
wjia:dj, oS miajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r ksldfha
wgzGl ksmd;fhys jsYd, jsia;rhla olajd we;'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhaoS us;@Fjh mokuzlr .ekSu;a lreKd ixl,amfhaoS
wkqluzmdj mokuzlr .ekSu;a uqos;d ixl,amfhaoS m@fudaoh mokuzlr .ekSu;a WfmaCId
ixl,amfhaoS uOHia:;dj mokuzlr .ekSu;a fuu ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ,sl jsjsOFjh
jYfhka oelajSug yel' tkuz tla tla wjia:djkaysZoS isf;a wdfjzok mCIfhys olakg ,efnkakdjQ
jsjsO;d i<ldf.k ta wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.a m@;scdkd;aul ixjrAOkh ie,fla'tysoS tuZ.ska
we;sjk wNHka;r.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgfuz mrsmQrAKFjh i<ld tajd OHdk kdufhkao wrA:
olajkq ,efnz' flfiajqj;a OHdk kuska oelafjk wNHka;r ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgu olajd ps;a;
ixjrAOkh we;slr .ekSug kuz ta iZoyd l@udkql~,j ixjrAOkh lr.; hq;` l`Y,;d moaO;shla
olajd ;sfnz' fulS ps;a; ixjrAOkfha by<g .ukal< yelafla m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska
m@.`K lsrSu uZ.ska muKla nejs olajd ;snSu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys flaJ|@Sh jeo.;alu jvd
fydZoska ;yjqre fjhs'74 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq
lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ;j;a wxYhla wOHhkh lsrSug jeo.;a wjia:djls' fuz hgf;a
fu;a;d Ndjkdj flfia jsia;r lr ;sfnzoehs jgyd .ekSu jeo.;ah'75 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla
f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ jsjsO l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys
idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lr we;'76 my; oelafjkafka fu;a;d Ndjkdj l< yels ;j;a wdldrhls'
l`uk wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l<;a ;u ;ukaf.a prs;dkQl~,j yd wjia:dkQl~,j
jevsh hq;` wdldrhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; jsjsO jk nejska ta iEu l@ufjzohlau tl yd
iudkju jeo.;a jk nj mejish yelsh'77
OrAudkqidrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdksixY my; iZoyka mrsos fufkys l<
hq;`h'78 fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg we;s bjiSu mru ;mi kuska yeZoskafjz'79 tfiau fu;a;d
ixl,amh n,ldrl OrAuhla jYfhka yd th n,weKshla mrsoafoka kej; kej; ish is;a
i;kays m@.`K lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hdu n@dyauK kduh ,nhs'80 fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd jevs
Wiia .`Khla ke;' fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevSfuz oS m<uqj fu;a jevsh hq;` mqoa.,hd ljfrla o
tfiau m<uqj fu;a jevSu wfhda.H mqoa.,hd ljfrla oehs mqoa., jsIu;djh yZ|=kd.; hq;` fjz'
wm@sh" w;sm@sh iydh" uOHia: yd ffjrS hk i;r jeoEreuz mqoa.,hka fjk m<uqj fu;a
fkdjevsh hq;`h' jsreoaO ,sx.slhka flfrys iSud iys; jYfhka yd u<jqka flfrys fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrA: iuzmkak
fkdjk nejska tfia fkdl< hq;` hehs meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'
59

31. ula ksid o h;a wm@sh mqoa.,hd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka is;g mSvd we;s
fjz' w;s m@sh iydhlhd uOHia: ia:dkfhys ;nd .kakg hdfuka tfiau is; mSvdjg m;a fjz'
Tyqg iaj,am |=lla meusKs l, mjd yZvkakg is|= fjz' uOHia: mqoa.,hd .re ;kays yd m@sh ;kays
;nd .kakg hdfuka o is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' ffjrS mqoa.,hd .ek isys fjkakd jQ jydu fl@daOh
Wmoskafkah' tnejska m@sh wm@shd oS fulS i;r fokd flfrys m<uq fldg fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' ia;@Skag mqreIhka yd mqreIhkag ia;@Ska jsreoaO ,sx.slhka nejska Tjqka
flfrys isud jYfhka wij,a ;eke;a;dg fyda wij,a ;eke;a;shg fu;a is; m;`rjushs fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkakg hdfuka fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdj rd.h jrAOkh jkafkah' tfiau
u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; me;srjSfuka wm!Kd – Wmpdr hk OHdkuh ;;ajhka ,o fkdyelsh' ta
ksid u<jqka wruqKq lr fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkakd jsiska m<uq fldg u
fu;a;d ixl,amh jevsh hq;` jkafka ;uka wruqKq lrf.kh' uu iqjm;a fjuzjd" uu ks|=la
fjuzjd hkqfjka fyda uu ffjr ke;af;la fjuzjd" jHdmdo ke;af;la fjuzjd" Wm|@j ke;af;la
fjuzjd iqjfia wd;auNdjh mrsyrKh lrkafkla fjuzjd lshd fyda h<s h<s;a ;uka flfrys u
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' jsNx. m@lrKfhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` jkafka
tla mqoa.,fhl`yg fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrk wdldrhgu ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys o
fu;a;d ixl,amh iudk wdldrfhka jHdma; l< hq;` nj olajd we;'81 tfiau mgsiuzNsod
u.a.fhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;af;a mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzj mia wdldrhlska
nj meyeos,s lr oS we;'82
by; jsNx.fhys yd mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys m<uqj ;ukag fu;a fkdjvd ish,q
fokdgu fu;a jevsh hq;` nj olajd ;sfnz' m<uqj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajk ,oafoa m<uqj ;ukag
fu;a jevsh hq;` njhs' fuu m@ldY fol mriamr jsfrdaOS fkdfjz' fuu .@J: foflys ffu;@S
Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` ms<sfj< olajd we;af;a wm!Kd jYfhks' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys m<uqfjka u
;ukag ffu;@S jevsh hq;` hehs olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uqj ;ud YdCIs fldg wkHhkag fu;a jevSu
bf.kSu msKsih' wdoslu!uslhd o i,ld f.kh' fuys iZoyka wdoslu!uslhd kuz m<uqfldg
fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ mqoa.,hdh' wjqre|= ishhla oyila kuq|= ;ud
flfrys muKlau ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,fh;`g flosklj;a OHdk wm!Kd Wmojd .;
fkdyelsh' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoykajk mrsoafoka uu huzfia |=lg fkdleue;af;us o iqjfia
cSj;afjkq leue;af;uz o wkHhka o ud fiau |=lg fkdleue;af;ysh' iqjfia cSj;ajkq
leue;af;dah' hkdoS f,iska ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu
wrUkakdg myiq nejska th jvd;a l@udkQl~, hehs ms<s.efka' iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu ;ukaj
;ukag m@sh nejska th Wmudkjg f.k wkHhkayg o ysxid lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h'83
fuz wdldrfhka ;uka Wmud jYfhka ;ndf.k ish,q ffcj m@cdj flfrys u fu;a;d
Ndjkdj jevsh hq;`h hk l@uh nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrk ,oafoah' tnejska uekjska m@.`KjSu msKsi
60

32. m<uq fldg ;uka flfrys fu;a jevsh hq;`h' bka wk;`rej iqjfia ffu;@sh mj;ajkq msKsi
;ukayg m@sh ukdm .re iuzNdjkSh wdpdhH!jrfhla fyda wdpdhH! iudkfhla fyda
WmdOHdhfhla fyda WmdOHdh iudkfhla fyda fjz kuz Tyqf.a odk m@sh jpkdoS jQ m@sh ukdm
ldrKd o YS, Y@e;j;a wdoS jQ .re iuzNdjkSh ldrK o i,ld tu i;a mqreIhd iqjm;a fj;ajd
ks|=la fj;ajd hkd oS l@ufhka fu;a is; jrAOkh l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj is|=
lsrSfuka taldka;fhka u wm!Kd OHdk ;;ajfhka is; by<g f.k taug yelsh'
fuu fhda.djprhd tf;lska ish wNsm@dh wjika jQjd hehs i;`gg meusK ish
W;aiyh ,sys,a lr fkdf.k ;j |=rg;a ish ffu;@S ps;a;h jrAOkh l< hq;`h' blans;sj
Ndjkdkqfhda.shdg we;af;a iSudjka blaujd ish fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jrAOkh lsrSfuz
mshjrhs'84 iSudjka blaujkq leue;s fhda.djprhd jsiska m<uq fldg ;udf.a w;sm@sh us;@hd
flfrys fu;a is; fydZoska m@.`K fldg wk;`rej uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jrAOkh
lsrSu werUsh hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a jvd th fydZZoska m@.`K
jQjdhska miqj ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h'85 kej; tlS
ffjrS mqoa.,hka flfrys ffjrS ixZ{djka jsIaluzNkh lr uOHia:hg muqKqjk fpz;kdfjka
m@sh Ndjh o Wmojkakyq jsiska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkfhys ,d ;j ;j;a W;aiyj;a jsh
hq;`h'86 ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jv;au ta mqoa.,hd flfrys fl@daO ixZ{djka my< fjz
kuz tjsg m<uq Ndjkd wruqKq jYfhka ;nd.kakd ,o ;udg m@sh mqoa.,hka w;rska hful`
flfrys ffu;@S OHdk ,nd thska ke.sg kej; ffjrS mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg fu;a is; jvkakg
W;aiy .; hq;`h'87 kuq;a thska o ;u is; Wmka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg wiu;a fjz kuz is;g
fkdfhl`;a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndoSuz wkqidrfhka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg kej; kej; W;aiy
88
l< hq;`h'
we;eful`f.a ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a jdla – udkisl
yeisrSuz rgdj wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukisl iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz
rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` jpkfhka mjik foa wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukia
iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` f.a jdpsl m@ldYk
Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wej;`uz mej;`uz rgdj wYdka;h' ta wYdka; ldh
ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jdla iudpdr u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful`f.a udkisl is;`js,s rgdj
Ydka;h' ta nj ta mqoa.,hd lrk lshk lghq;` wdosfhys oS ish,a,kag u oek .; yelsh' fkd
ikaiqka is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` jsiska is|= lrk ,nk lghq;`j, jsoHudk jk wms,sfj< iajNdjh
89
uZ.ska ta mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; iajNdjh ms<snZo ;rul jegySula ,ensh yelsh'
we;eful`f.a fuz ;@sjsO l@shdldrluz u wYdka;h'90 tnZ|= ;eke;a;d flfrys
lreKdj Wmojsh hq;`h' lreKdj ksid fl@daOh ixisfZokafkah'91 fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r mZCoapl
ksmd;fhys iZoykajk w>d;mgsjskh iQ;@h bjy,a lr.; yelsh'92 fuz wdldrhg ;ud jsiskau
61

33. ;ukag wjjdo lr .ekSu uZ.skq;a ;u oafjzIh my fkd.sh l< ;udf.a yd i;`rdf.a lrAu
Yla;shu i,ld ixisZ|=jd .; hq;`h'93 thska ;udf.a lrAu Yla;sh i,ld ne,sh hq;` jkafka
Ydia;Dka jykafia .`re fldg ;ndf.kh'94 fufia ie,lSfukq|= fkd ixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej
Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! fndaOsiFj prs; l:djkays iZoyka jkakd jQ fndaOsiFj .`Khka
ie,lSu ;`<ska fyda th ixisZ|=jd .ekSu msKsi W;aiy .;hq;`h'95 fufia Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a
mQj! prs; .`K isys lr;`|= fndfyda ld,hla flf,iqkag odhl jq Tyqf.a fl@daOh fkdixisfZoa kuz
wk;`rej wku;.a.sh iQ;@h isys l< hq;`h' ta l< hq;af;a o fuz wdldrfhks'96 tfia fu;a;d
ixl,amh jO!kh lr .kakg W;aiy fldg;a" fkdyels jsks kuz wkaouska fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fhys
oelafjk wkaoug ffu;@S ps;a;h m@.`K lrkakg W;aiy l< hq;`h'97 fufia fu;a;dksixi isys
fldg;a isf;ys oafjzIh myj fkdfha kuz O;` jsksrAfNda.h l<hq;`h'98 Od;` jsksrAfNda.h
lrkakg fkdyels jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd jsiska odkh uZ.ska fyda fl@daO fpz;kdj |=re lrkakg
99
W;aidy l< hq;`h'
fuz wdldrfhka fl@daOh ixisfZo;a u m@sh - w;sm@sh – iydh – uOHia:hka flfrys
fuka ta ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o is; ffu;@S jYfhka mj;shs' tjsg Tyq kej; kej; ffu;@S
fldg iSud iuzfNaoh l< hq;`h' ;ud flfrys o" m@shhd flfrys o" uOHia:hd flfrys o" iu
is;a bmsojSu iSud iuzfNaohhs'100 fuz wdldrfhka iSud iuzfNaoh ,n;a u ta mqoa.,hd ksus;a; o
Wmpdr o hk folu ,enQ Wmpdr iudOsfhka hqla; iudys; is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` f,i
ie,fla'101 iSudiuzfNaoh ,nd.;a miqj Wmojd .kakd ,o ta ksus;a;u jv jvd;a fiajkh
lr;au jrAOkh lr;au mqZM,a njg uy;a iajNdjhg m;alr;au ksrdhdifhka mGjs lisKfhys
olajk ,o mrsos OHdkhl uQ,sl wjia:djjQ wm!Kd wjia:dj olajd th oshqKq fjz'101 fuf;lska ta
Ndjkdkqfhda.shd laf,aY mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hka m@ySK lrk ,o tfukau l`Y, mdCIsl
mZCoapdx.hkaf.ka iukajs; jQ" ;@sjsO l,HdK iuzm;ska wkQk jQ yd oY ,CIKfhka hqla; jQ
ffu;@S iy.; m@:u OHdkh ,enq mqoa.,fhla fjz'102 fuz wdldrfhka uy;a fia |=Ialr;d jsZo b;d
jer jEhuska Wmojd .kakd ,o ta m@:u OHdk ksus;a;u ;j |=rg;a fiajkh lruska jrAOkh
lruska mqZM,a njg m;alruska wkq ms<sfj<ska iQ;@ msglfhys p;`Ial kHdfhka jsia;r flfrk
mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh OHdkhkag o103 thu fjk;a f,ilska jsia;r lrf;d;a wkq ms<sfj<ska
wNsOrAu msglfhys mZ[apl khHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh yd p;`F:s
OHdkhkag o meusKSug yelshdjla we;s lr .kshs'104 fuys oS fhda.djprhd jsiska Wmojd .kakd
,o m@:u" OHdkdoSka w;`frka lsishuz OHdkhl isg ffu;@S is;ska tla osYdjla m;`rjd jdih lrhs'
tfiau fojk" f;jk yd i;r jk osYd o Wv hg yd yria w; o hk ish,qu ia:dkhkays iEu
w;skau irAj iuzmQrAK wdldrfhka yd irAj iudk f,i uqZM uy;a f,dalh jsmq, jQ uyoa.; jQ
wm@udK jQ wffjr jQ wjHdmcAc jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jHdma; lr ta wkqj iajlSh
prAhd me;slv o Bg wkq.; lrjd .kshs'105 fulS jsl`nznK m@dma; iajNdjh ,efnkafka m@:u
OHdkdoS jYfhka wm!Kdj Wmojd .kakd ,o mqoa.,hdguh' jsl`nznK kuz fuys oela jQ TOsfid
62

34. fyda wfkdOsfid jYfhka mqoa., prAhdjg n,mEuz lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnk mrsoafoka fu;a;d
ixl,amh ixcdkk jYfhka jHdma; lsrSuhs' TOsfidMrK ffu;@sh kuz tla tla osYd jYfhka
iSud fjkalrf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSuhs'
l`i, OrAuhla yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys
jrAOkh lsrSu msKsi W;aiyj;a lsrSu idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpr ( Moral ) .`Khkaj,ska
msrsmqka jSu f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' fuys oS idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpdr ( Moral ) hk
jpk foflys kshudrA:h meyeos,s lr.; hq;af;a ;@s msglh ;`< idrOrAu yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu
meyeos,s lr olajd we;af;a l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i nejsks' idrOrAu hkqfjka
woyia jkafka huz lsis wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSudjk tu wd.ug fyda ixialD;shg wh;a
idudcslhkaf.a fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdjhs' iodpdrh hkafkka woyia jkqfha tfia
wd.ul fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjQ tfy;a fmd|= jsYajSh OrAu;djhla jYfhka yeufokdu
talu;slju fydZo hehs ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; yd iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj fjhs' fu;ek oS meyeos,s
lr .; hq;` foa jkafka nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj uska l`uk
ldKavhg wh;a jkafkao hk ldrKhhs'
nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk yeisrSuz rgdj ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj i,ld n,f;d;a
meusKsh yels ks.ukh jkqfha yqfola tu yeisrSuz rgdjka lsishuz wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg
iSud fkdjk njhs' tu ksid tu yeisrSuz rgdjka iodpdrh hkakg jvd;a iuSm fjz' tfiau
wd.usl ixorANhla ;`< idlpzPd lr we;s ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enQj;a tys
lsis|= jrola fkdue;' nq|= iufhka fmkakquz lrkq ,nk idrOrAu fyj;a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz
l`i, hk mofhka iy fndaOsmdCIsl OrAu;d f,i oyu ;`< jsia;r flfrA' fuz wkqj l`i,
idrOrAu fyda iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj ksrEmKh lrk w;r nq|= oyuska fmkajk mru
ksIaGdj jk fndaOsh fyj;a wjfndaOh lrd hk .ufkys oS tu wjfndaOh ,enSu msKsi jqjukd
lrk lreKq fyj;a iq|=iqluz fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
wka;rA.; jkakd jQ idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl
OrAu f,i fuys fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S" prAhd yd
iudc jsoHd;aul hk mokuz my f.k ne,Q l, meyeos,s jkafka l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu
hkafkka .efkk idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz fuz ;`< wka;rA.; njh'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oefkk iajNdjh wOsl nejska tys wdfjzok moku fiiq
mokuzj,g jvd jevsmqr olakg ,efnz hehs flfkl` fmkajd fohs' th l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl
OrAu;d jYfhka i;r n@yau jsyrK uZ.ska ksrEmKh fj;ehs thg ksoiqka bosrsm;a lr;s' fuz
w;r ;j flfkl` olajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska wl`Y, uQ, ;`fkka oafjzI uQ,h hgm;a lr
ouk nejska fuu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku fjk;a mokuz j,g jvd wOsl iajNdjfhka
olakg ,efnk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` fldg f.k we;s lr.kakd fhdksfidaukisldrh
63

35. jspdrmQj!l iajNdjh jeks lreKq l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu j,g ksoiqka jYfhka f.k yer
olaj;s' fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul jYfhka wfkHdkH Wmldrh" iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh jeks
lreKq j,ska fmdfydi;a nejska fuys prAhd moku jvd wOsl nj ;j;a wh f.k yer olaj;s'
fuz ish,qu lreKq iudc jYfhka iuQyhla jYfhka iduQyslj lghq;` lsrSu msKsi jeo.;a jk
nejska fuu ixl,amh iudc moku w;ska fjk;a mokulg jvd bosrsfhka isgsk nj ;j;a wh
fmkajd fo;s' by; lS mokuz ish,a,u fkd wvqj ijsu;aj olakg ,enSuu fuys Z{dk jsNd.Sh
mokfuys ijsu;aNdjh fmkajd fok lreKla f,i ;j;a fndfyda fokd iZoyka lr;s'
fuz wkqj fmkajd osh yelafla l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
.enzjk udkqIsl jgskdluhs' ish,qu l`i,hka ffu;@sh ;`< wka;rA.; l< yelafla ish,qu
l`i,hka wrA:j;a l< yelafla ukqIH m@cdjla ;`< oS muKla jk nejsks' tfukau fndaOs mdCIsl
OrAuhka o m@dfhda.slj wrA: iuzmkakNdjhg m;a lr .; yels jkafka o cSj m@cdjla wruqKq
fldg ta cSj m@cdfjys hym; Wfoid fuu OrAuhkays .enzjk Wmfhda.S;d ,CIK u;` flfrk
mrsos l@shd;aul l< yels jk ksid muKs' fndaOs hk jpkh ;`<g ksrAjdK OrAuh yd wfkl`;a
wjfYaI l`i, OrAu ish,a,;a wka;rA.; l< yels fjhs' fndaOs hk jpkh iuZ. fhoS we;s
;`ka;rd fndaOsh fndaOsiFj hk jpk .;al< tys oelafjkafka ksrAjdKdOs.uh fyj;a nq|=
iufhys js.@y jkakd jQ mru ksIaGdj yd tu ksIaGdj YdlaId;alrKh msKsi wkq.ukh
lrkakd jQ huzlsis l@udkQl~, jevms,sfj<la hkqfjka wmg huzlsis m@udKsl woyila fuz ms<snZoj
we;s lr.; yelsjkq we;' l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s
Wmfhda.S;djh oelafjkqfha oS> ksldfha ilalmZ[ay iQ;@fhysh' tysos ila fojsZ|= nq|=r|=kaf.ka
jsuid isgskqfha usksiqka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j isgSu m@sh lrk uq;a Tjqkag tfia isgSug
fkdyels jS we;s fya;`j ms<snojhs'106 tu mekhg nq|=r|=kaf.a ms<s;`r jkafka BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk
ixfhdackhka fol fya;`fjka fuu fu;a;d ixl,amh ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys yg .ekSug ndOd
we;slrjk njhs'107 B <Z.g nq|=r|=ka olajkqfha fuu BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdack OrAu fol
yg .ekSug fya;`jQ ksOdk jQ ldrKhhs' fuysoS BrAIHd ud;aiH! fol m@sh yd wm@sh i;aFjhka
ksok fldg yg .kakd nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska Yl@hd yg myod fokq ,nk fial'108
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd ;s@ YsCIdj w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOfhys iajrEmh js.@y
lr ne,Su uZ.ska ;@s YsCIdj flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh ms<snZoj meyeos,s
ks.uhlg meusKsug mqMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku" prAhd moku"
Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r mylska iukajs;h' fuu ia:r mfika ixcdkk
moku" wdfjzok moku yd prAhd moku hk ia:r ;`k l@shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl udkqIsl ixfjzok
lafIa;@fhysh' fyj;a mqoa.,dNHka;r.;jh' b;srs ia:r fol jk Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc
moku hk ia:r Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk tajdh' tfukau tlS ia:r fol iudc
jsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;ah' fuu udkqIsl ia:r ;`k f,i ie,flk ia:rj,ska ixcdkk
mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha ;@s YsCIdfjka m@{d YsCIdfjysh' ;@s
64

36. YsCIdfjka wdfjzok mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iudOs YsCIdfjysh'
tfuka u ;@s YsCIdfjka prAhd mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iS,
YsCIdfjysh' fuhg wu;r jYfhka Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk b;srs ia:r fol jk
{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r fol m@Z{d YsCIdjg wh;ah' oidx.sl wrAy;a ud.!
m@;smodjg wka;rA.; fia ie,flk iuzud Z{dk yd iuzud jsuq;a;s hk udrA.dx. fol;`<
.enzjk mssrsmqka wjia:djka fuu ia:r fol uZ.ska ukdj uQrA;su;a l< yelsh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh kuz lfhka jpkfhka yd ukiska ish,q ffcj f,dalhd
jsIfhys ys; iqj we;sjk whqrska lghq;` lsrSuhs' iS,h uZ.ska is|= flfrkafka o ldhsl yd jdpisl
ixjrh ;ud ;`< we;s lr.ekSu uZ.ska ish,q ffcjS f,dj flfrys ys; iqj we;sjkdldrfhka
lghq;` lsrSuh' ta wkqj iS,fhka lh yd jpkfhys ixjrh wfmaCId l<;a tu iS,h wrA:j;a
flfrkqfha ish,q ffcj f,dj jsIfhys ukiska o ffu;@S fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k l@shd
l<fyd;a muKs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iS,h w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOh b;d oevs
jQjla fukau wjYHu jQ iy iuznJOhla nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jeo.;au
,CIKh jkqfha th .sys mejsos ia;@S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj isjzjkla msrsigu idOdrKjk
wdldrfhka wkqoek jodrd we;s njh. nq|=iufha we;euz ixl,am mejsos mCIh Wfoid jevs
wjOdrKhlskq;a .sys mCIh Wfoid idudkH ugzgulskq;a wkqoek jodrd we;.nUir yeisrSu
tjeks ixl,amhls.th mejsos mCIh fj;ska jjkfha mrsiudma; ugzgfuz Wmrsu wdldrfhka
;snshhq;` hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka mejsos mCIh .sys iudchg iEu wxYhlskau wdorAYhlaj
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