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Tou syll basic
1. ixpdrKh iy ixialD;sl
iïm;a l<ukdlrKh
ye¢kaùu
Dr.Chandima Bogahawatta
(BA.,Hons)MSc.,Dip.,PhD)MSLCA)
Senior Lecturer in Archaeology and Tourism
Department of Archaeology
University of Kelaniya
6. Recommended Reading:
Bandara, H.M 2001 Tourism Development Planning in Developing Countries, A
critique, StamfordLake, Colombo.
Bandara, H.M 2003 Tourism Planning in Sri Lanka, Stamford Lake, Colombo.
Bandaranayake,S 1987 The Conservation of the Built Heritage with special
reference to Sri Lanka’s Cultural Triangle Project, Heritage
Conservation for Tourism development, regional seminar
organized by the World Tourism Organization(WTO)
Commission for East Asia and the Pacific and South Asia,
Kathmandu.
Boniface P
Peter,J.Fowler 1993 Heritage and Tourism in Global village. Routledge,London.
Lockwood,AL 2001 Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st century, Butterworth
S.Medlik Heinemann ,London.
MacCannell,D 1976 The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class,
Choken, New York
7. ixprKh iy ixialD;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrK
mdGud,d jHqyhuÜgu tall ixfla;h úIh tallh j¾.h iïNdr
.Kk
1
TCRM E1015 ixprKh iy ixialD;sl iïm;a
l<ukdlrKh ye¢kaùu
C 5
TCRM E1025 ixprKfhys b;sydih C 5
2
TCRM E2015 ixprKh i|yd oDYH udOHNdú;h C 5
TCRM E2025 ixprKh iy fl!;=ld.dr C 5
3
TCRM E3015 rE foia ixprKh C 5
TCRM E3025 ixialD;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh C 5
8. we.hqï l%uh
wOHhk jir wjidk ,sÅ; mÍlaIKfhys we.hqu wkqj
my; j.=fjka olajd we;s mßÈ Tnf.a úIh mßidOk
uÜgu ms<sn| we.hqï ,nd.; yelsh¤
,l=Kq fY%aKsh
85-100 A+
70-84 A
65-69 A-
60-64 B+
55-59 B
50-54 B-
46-49 C+
40-45 C
35-39 C-
30-34 D+
25-29 D
00-24 E
29. Components of Tourism
Tourism is a service based industry comprising a number of tangible and intangible
components. The tangible elements include transport, foods and beverages,
souvenirs and accommodation. while the intangible elements involve education,
culture, adventure or simply escape and relaxation.
32. Accommodation
It is very basic to tourist destinations.
The latest trend in accommodation is holiday villages.
Accommodation: - It is a place where tourists can find food and
shelter provided he/she is in a fit position to pay for it. There are
various types of accommodation from a seven star deluxe hotel to
a normal budget class hotel.
35. Accommodation: -
The need and necessity of accommodation cannot be ignored in tourist destination.
Accommodation plays a vital role in this field. Many changes have taken place in
accommodation recently. New types of accommodation, particularly, holiday
villages, apartment houses camping and caravan sites and tourist cottage etc, have
become very popular. Usually a large number of tourists visit a particular spot simply
because there is a first class hotel with excellent facilities. Today Switzerland,
Holland, Austria and the Netherlands have gained reputation for good cuisine,
comfort and cleanliness.
37. Accommodation
To an ordinary person, the essence of a good holiday away from home composes of
three main elements –
satisfactory accommodation,
safe transportation,
and suitable entertainment.
However, to the members of the tourism industry, a good holiday or a good trip would
also include the services of responsible intermediaries and the availability and
provision of travel related services.
38. Accommodation is the temporary home for travelers. It ranges from
simple sleeping laces to deluxe suites for eating, entertainment, and
sleeping. Travelers can stay overnight in any kind of lodging from an
African tree house to a castle in Europe.
The accommodation industry is made up of hotels, motels (motor hotels),
resort hotels, campgrounds, hostels and guesthouses. Hotels are classified
in various ways. One of the most common ways is by location, such as
resort, city center, airport, suburban, or highway.
39. The other way of classification is rating (grading), for
example, five-star, four-star, three-star, two-star hotels.
This grading system is commonly used in the Mainland.
41. Accessibility (Reachability/Transportation): -
Accessibility means reachability to the place of
destination through various means of
transportation. Transportation should be regular,
comfortable, economical and safe. Today there are
various means of transportation like airlines,
railways, surface (road transportation) and water
transportation. The transportation should be there
for all kinds of tourists and destinations.
42. Accessibility also means the transportation.
The important transportation modes are road,rail,air and water transport.
Accessible tourism is intended as the set of services and facilities capable
of allowing persons with specific needs to enjoy a holiday and their leisure
time with no particular barriers or problems.
43. Accessibility: -
Accessibility is another important factor of tourism.
There should be accessibility for each and every
location of tourist attractions. If their locations are
inaccessible by the normal means of transport, it would
be of little importance. All kinds of transport facilities
are to be made available for such locations. The
distance factor also plays am important role in
determining a tourist’s choice of a destination. Longer
distance cost much than to short distances
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. Amenities-myiqlï
“The basic facilities provided in a tourist
destination”.
In real property and lodging,
amenities are any tangible
or intangible benefits of a
property, especially those
that increase its
attractiveness or value or
that contribute to its comfort
or convenience.
Tangible amenities might include attractive guest rooms (lodging), Wi-Fi, dining, parks,
swimming pools, golf courses, health club facilities, party rooms, theater or media
rooms, bike paths, Lifts, community centers, services, or garages, for example.
Intangible amenities might include pleasant views, nearby activities, good schools (in the
case of residential real estate), or a low crime rate, all of which add to the desirability of
a property.
52. Natural Resources and Environment
This category constitutes the fundamental measure of supply.
Natural resources indicate any area has available for the use and
enjoyment of visitors.
Basic elements include air and climate, landforms, flora, beaches, natural
beauty, and bodies of water.
53. Built Environment
This component has been developed within or upon
the natural environment.
It includes the infrastructure and superstructure.
Infrastructure consists of all underground and
surface developmental construction, such as water
supply systems, gas lines, road, and networks.
Superstructure includes airports, railroads, parking
lots, resort hotels, and shopping centers.
54. Natural Amenities
Beaches
Sea Bathing
Possibilities of Fishing
Opportunities of trekking
Manmade Amenities
Various types of entertainment
Facilities which cater special needs.
57. Amenities: -
Facilities are very essential for any tourist centre. They are considered
necessary aid to the tourist centre. For a seaside resort facilities like
swimming, boating, yachting surf riding and such other facilities like deeming
recreations and amusements are an important feature. There are two types of
amenities viz. natural and man made. Beaches, sea-bathing, fishing, climbing,
trekking, viewing etc. are come under the former category. Various types of
entertainments and facilities which cater for the special needs of the tourists
come under the latter category
58. Attractions
A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for
its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or
built beauty, or amusement opportunities.
59. Types of Attractions
Natural Attractions
•Climates
•Landscapes
•Mountains
•Beaches
Manmade Attractions
•Theme parks
•Museums
•Ancient Monuments
•Cultural Centers
60. . Attraction (Locale): - It is considered as the most important basic component of
tourism. Attraction means anything that creates a desire in any person to travel in
a specific tourist destination or attraction.
Locale is another basic component of tourism. The locale may be used to include
the holiday destination and what it offers to the tourist. The holiday destination
may offer natural attractions.
It is considered as the most important basic component of tourism. Fashion is an
important factor in the demand for various tourist attractions and amenities. The
tourist who visits a particular place for its natural beauty may decide to visit some
other attractions due to a change in fashion.
61. PETERS INVENTORY of Tourist
Attractions include :
Culture
Traditions
Scenic
Entertainment
Other Attractions
64. There are certain elements or ingredients of tourism. They are the
fundamental attractions of tourism. They are.
1. Pleasing weather
2. Scenic attractions.
3. Historical and cultural factors.
4. Accessibility
5. Amenities
6. Accommodation
7. safety and security
8. Other factors
a. Guide/ escort facilities.
b. Basic medical facilities.
c. Electricity
d. Water
e. Communication system.
65. Pleasing weather: - Fine weather with warm sun shine is one of the most
important attractions of any tourist place. Particularly good weather plays
an important role in making a holiday pleasant or an unpleasant experience.
Tourist from countries with extremes of weather Visit Sea beaches in search
of fine weather and sunshine. Due to this many spas and resorts along the
sea coasts come into existence. In Europe, countries like Italy, Spain and
Greece have developed beautiful beach resorts.
66. There are many such resorts along the coasts of
Mediterranean sea Sri Lanka, India, Thailand Indonesia,
Australia, Philippines and some other countries have
beautiful sea beaches with fine weather are best
examples where weather has played a prominent in
attracting tourists. In some countries hill station resorts’
have been developed to Heater the needs of tourists.
The best example for this is Nuwara-Elia
67. Scenic attractions: -
No doubt scenic attractions are very important factors
in tourism. Scenery consisting of mountains, lakes,
waterfalls, glaciers, forests, deserts, is strong forces
attracting people to visit them. Thousands and
thousands of tourists are attracted by the northern
slopes of the Alps in Switzerland and Austria and the
southern slopes at Italy and also Himalayan. Mountain
slopes of India and Nepal as well as Hantana,
Piduruthalagala etc.
68. Historical and cultural
factors: -
Historical and cultural interest exercised tremendous
influence over travelers. Large numbers of tourists are
attracted every year by the great drawing power of
stratfood on avon in England because of its association
with Shakespeare, or the city of Agra in India because of
its famous leaning tower. Large number of Americans
and Canadians visit London because of its historical and
cultural attractions. So also the world famous ruins of
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa in Sri Lanka are visited
by tourists because of its architecture and painting.
69. Accessibility: -
Accessibility is another important factor of tourism.
There should be accessibility for each and every
location of tourist attractions. If their locations are
inaccessible by the normal means of transport, it would
be of little importance. All kinds of transport facilities
are to be made available for such locations. The
distance factor also plays am important role in
determining a tourist’s choice of a destination. Longer
distance cost much than to short distances.
70. Amenities: -
. Facilities are very essential for any tourist centre. They are considered
necessary aid to the tourist centre. For a seaside resort facilities like
swimming, boating, yachting surf riding and such other facilities like deeming
recreations and amusements are an important feature. There are two types of
amenities viz. natural and man made. Beaches, sea-bathing, fishing, climbing,
trekking, viewing etc. are come under the former category. Various types of
entertainments and facilities which cater for the special needs of the tourists
come under the latter category.
71. Accommodation: -
The need and necessity of accommodation cannot be ignored in tourist
destination. Accommodation plays a vital role in this field. Many changes have
taken place in accommodation recently. New types of accommodation,
particularly, holiday villages, apartment houses camping and caravan sites and
tourist cottage etc, have become very popular. Usually a large number of tourists
visit a particular spot simply because there is a first class hotel with excellent
facilities. Today Switzerland, Holland, Austria and the Netherlands have gained
reputation for good cuisine, comfort and cleanliness.
72. Safety and Security:
Safety and security are vital to providing quality in
tourism. More than any other economic activity, the
success or failure of a tourism destination depends on
being able to provide a safe and secure environment for
visitors.
73. Activities are classified as :
Tourism resources
Receptive Facilities
Entertainment and Sport Facilities
Tourism Reception Facilities
74. Definition
A tourism product can be defined as the sum of the physical and
psychological satisfaction it provides to tourists during their travelling en
route to the destination.
ixpdrhla w;r;=r ixpdrlhdg ldhsl iy udkisl ;Dma;sh we;s lrk ish,qu foa
ixpdrl ksIamdok f,i w¾: oelaúh yelsh'
75. Definition
Tourism product is a series of interrelated services, namely
services produced from various companies (economically),
community services (social aspect) and natural service. ixpdrl
ksIamdok hkq úúO iud.ï u.ska imhk fiajd ^wd¾Ól&" fmdÿ fiajd
^iudÔh jYfhka& wdoS jYfhka tlsfkl ine¢ fiajd ud,djla fõ'
According Suswantoro (2007:75) on substantially the
understanding of tourism products "is obtained and the overall
service felt or enjoyed by tourists since he left his residence to the
tourist destination of his choice and to return home where he
originally departed"
iqiajkafgdfrda g wkqj" ixpdrl jHdmdr ksmehqï hkq zz;u jdiia:dkfha
isg ;u wNsu; ixpdrl ia:dkh fj; msg;a jQ wjia:dfõ isg kej; Tyq
.ukdrïN l< ish jdiia:dkh fj; meñfKk ;=re ixpdrlhd úiska
N=la;sú¢kq ,nk ish,qu fiajd jgyd.ekSu hsZZ'
76. Definition
Tourism products as one of the objects in the supply of tourism marketing have
the main elements which consist of 3 parts (Oka A. Yoeti, 2002:211):
ixpdrl fj<|fmd< i|yd jk iemhqï w¾:fhka .;a l< ixpdrl ksIamdok m%Odk
wxY ;=klska iukaú; fõ(
1. Attractiveness of tourist destinations, including the image of envisioned
by tourists
ixpdrlhd úiska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk o¾Yk we;=<;a jk ixpdrl ia:dk flfrys jk
wdl¾IKh
2. Facilities owned tourist destination, including accommodation, food
processing businesses, parking, transportation, recreation and others.
kjd;eka" wdydr ksIamdok jHdmdr" r:.d,a" m%jdyk myiqlï" úfõlh$ úY%dka;sh iy
fjk;a wdoS jYfhka ixpdrl ia:dkj, we;s myiqlï
3. The ease to reach these destinations.
fuu ia:dk fj; <Õd ùfï myiqj
77. Definition
Mason (2000:46) and Poerwanto (1998:53) has made the formulation of
the components of tourism products namely:
fïika iy fmda¾jkafgda úiska ixpdrl jHdmdr ksmehqïys wka;¾.;h i|yd
iQ;%hla ilia lr we;' tkï"
1. Attractions, which is a good tourist attraction of natural, cultural or man-made such as
festivals or performing arts
wdl¾IKh- iajNdúl" ixialD;sl fyda W;aij$ m%idx.sl l,d jeks ñksid úiska ilia l<
ixpdrl wdl¾IK
2. Accessibility, the ease of obtaining or achieving organizational goals such as tourism,
tourism (travel agents)
<Õdúh yels nj- ixpdrl jHdmdrh yd iïnkaê; wdh;ksl wruqKq" ixpdrl ksfhdað;hka
jeks fiajd myiqfjka ,nd.; yels ùu
3. Amenities of the facility to obtain pleasure. In this case can take the form of accommodation,
cleanliness and hospitality
ika;=Iaáh msKsi fya;= jk iqjmyiqj ,nd.ekSu- fuh kjd;eka" msßisÿlu iy wd.ka;=l
i;aldrh hk uqyqKqjßka yuqfõ
4. Networking, the network of cooperation relating to the products offered by local, national or
international.
cd,lrKh- ksmehqï msßkeóu i|yd foaYSh" cd;sl fyda wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka ,efnk
odhl;ajfha cd,h
78.
79. The tourist product focuses on facilities and services designed
to meet the needs of the tourist.
ixpdrl ksIamdok ixpdrlhdf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd ks¾udKh
lrk ,o myiqlï iy fiajd flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'
It can be seen as a composite product, as the sum total of a
country’s tourist attractions, transport, and accommodation
and of entertainment which result in customer satisfaction.
th rgl ixpdrl wdl¾IKh" m%jdykh" kjd;eka iy mdßfNda.sl
ix;Dma;sh msKsi fya;= jk úfkdaoh wdoSkaf.a tl;=fjka we;s jk
ixhqla; ksmehqula nj fmfka'
Each of the components of a tourist product is supplied by
individual providers of services like hotel , dual providers of
services like hotel companies, airlines, travel agencies, etc.
ixpdrl ksIamdokhl iEu wx.hlau fydag,a wdoS ;ks fiajd imhkakka
fyda fydag,a iud.ï" .=jkafiajd" ixpdrl ksfhdað;hka wdoS oaú;aj
fiajd imhkakka úiska imqrd,kq ,efí'
80. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCT
ixpdrl ksIamdokhl ,CIK
1) Intangible:
No transfer of ownership of goods is involved in tourism.
The product here cannot be seen or inspected before its
purchase. Instead, certain facilities, installations, items of
equipment are made available for a specified time and for a
specified use. For example, a seat in an aero plane is
provided only for a specified time.
1& kiam¾Ys;(
NdKavhl whs;sh mejßh fkdyels wjia:d fõ' fuysoS ksIamdokh
ñ,g .ekSug fmr th oelSug fyda msßlaiSug yelshdjla fkdue;'
ta fjkqjg lsishï myiqlï" ia:dmk" WmlrK wdÈh hï ld,hla
fyda wjYH;djhla i|yd imhkq ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i .=jka
hdkhl wiqkla imhkq ,nkafka tla;rd ld,iSudjla i|yd muKs'
81. 2) Psychological:
A large component of tourism product is the
satisfaction the consumer derives from its
use. A tourist acquires experiences while
interacting with the new environment and his
experiences help to attract and motivate
potential customers.
2& udkisl(
ixpdrl ksIamdokhl úYd,u wxYh jkafka
mdßfNda.slhdf.a ;Dma;sh hs' ;uka w;aolsk kj
mßirh weiqßka ixpdrlhd w;aoelSï ,nk w;r
tu w;aoelSï ;j;a mdßfNda.slhka wdl¾IKh lr
.ekSug iy Wkkaÿ lsÍug fya;= fõ'
82. 3) Highly Perishable
A travel agent or tour operator who sells a tourism product
cannot store it. Production can only take place if the
customer is actually present. And once consumption begins, it
cannot be stopped, interrupted or modified. If the product remains
unused, the chances are lost i.e. if tourists do not visit a particular
place, the opportunity at that time is lost. It is due to this reason
that heavy discount is offered by hotels and transport generating
organizations during off season.
3& b;d kejqï(
ixpdrl ksIamdokhla úl=Kk ixpdrl ksfhdað;fhl= fyda
fufyhjkafkl= th lsisfia;au .nvd lr ;nd fkd.kS' ksIamdokh
bÈßm;a jkafka we;a;jYfhkau mdßfNda.slhd isák wjia:dfõoS muKs'
mßfNdackh weröfuka miq th keje;aùug fyda ndOd lsÍug fyda fjkia
lsÍug fkdyelsh' ksIamdokh Ndú;fhka f;dr kï wjia:d .s,syS hhs'
tkï" hï ia:dkhlg ixpdrlhka fkdmeñfKa o tu wjia:dfõ WmÈk
wjia:d ish,a, ke;s fõ' fuu ldrKh ksid fydag,a iy ixpdr ixúOdkh
lrk wdh;k u.ska wjdrfhaoS wêl jÜgï ,ndoSu isÿlrhs'
83. 4) Composite Product
The tourist product cannot be provided by a single enterprise unlike
a
manufactured product. The tourist product covers the complete
experience of a visit to a particular place. And many providers
contribute to this experience.
For instance, airline supplies seats, a hotel provides rooms and restaurants, travel
agents make bookings for stay and sightseeing, etc.
4& ixfhda. ksIamdok(
fjk;a ksIamdÈ; NdKavhla fuka ixpdrl ksIamdokhla ;ks
jHjidhlfhl=g iemhsh fkdyelsh' ixpdrl ksIamdokhla u.ska wod<
ia:dkh fj; ixpdrl lsÍfï iïmQ¾K w;aoElSuu wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs'
tuksid fuu w;aoelSug odhlhka lsysmfofkl= iïnkaO fõ'
Wod( jYfhka .=jkaiud.ï wiqka o fydag,a ldur iy wdmk Yd,d o ixpdrl
ksfhdað;hka kjd;eka fjkalsÍu iy úis;=re ia:dk keröu o wdoS fiajd
imhhs'
84. 5) Unstable Demand
Tourism demand is influenced by
seasonal, economic political and
others such factors. There are certain times of the
year which see a greater demand than others. At
these times there is a greater strain on services like hotel bookings,
employment, the transport system, etc.
5& wia:dhS b,a,qu(
ixpdrl b,a,qu R;=j" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl iy ;j;a tjeks lreKq u.ska
n,mEug ,lafõ' jif¾ wfkl=;a ld,j,g idfmaCIj úYd, jYfhka b,a,qu jeä
jk ld, jljdkq o olakg ,efí' fujeks ld,j,oS fydag,a fjka lsÍu" /lshd"
.ukd.uk moaO;sh wdosfha ie,lsh hq;= mSvdjla we;s fõ'
85. 6) Fixed supply in the short run
The tourism product unlike a manufactured product
cannot be brought to the consumer; the consumer must go to
the product. This requires an in-depth study of users’ behavior, taste
preferences, likes and dislikes so that expectations and realities
coincide for the maximum satisfaction of the consumer.
The supply of a tourism product is fixed in the short run and can only be
increased in the long run following increased demand patterns.
6& flá ld,hlska ia:djr iemhqï(
wfkl=;a ksñ NdKav fuka ixpdrl ksIamdok mdßfNda.slhd fj; f.k hd
fkdyelsh¦ mdßfNda.slhd ta fj; hd hq;=h' fuysoS mdßfNda.slhdf.a ix;Dma;sh
msKsi Tyqf.a wfmaCId iy h:d¾:h iumd; ùu i|yd mdßfNda.slhdf.a yeisÍu"
wNsreÑh" reÑ wreÑlï ms<sn| .eUqre wOHhkhla lsÍu wjYH fõ'
flá ld,hlska ia:djr ixpdrl ksIamdok iemhSu b,a,qfï rgdj j¾Okh lsÍfï
l%u wkq.ukh lsÍfuka muKla È.= ld,Skj j¾Okh l< yelsh'
86. 7) Absence of ownership
Hotel rooms, airline tickets, etc. can
be used but not owned. These services can be
bought for consumption but ownership remains with
the provider of the service. So, a dance can be
enjoyed by viewing it, but the dancer cannot be
owned.
7& ysñlï lsj fkdyelsùu(
fydag,a ldur" .=jka álÜm;a wdÈh Ndú; l< yels kuq;a
ysñlï lsj fkdyelsh' fujeks fiajd mßfNdackh i|yd
ñ,g .; yels kuq;a tys ysñldÍFjh mj;skafka fiajh
imhkakd fj; h' th" hï kegqula keröfuka úfkdao
úh yels kuq;a" keÜgqjd ysñlr.; fkdyelsjd jeks h'
87. 8) Heterogeneous
Tourism is not a homogeneous product since it
tends to vary in standard and quality over time, unlike
a T.V set or any other manufactured product.
A package tour or even a flight on an aircraft can’t be
consistent at all times. The reason is that this product
is a service and services are people based. Due to this,
there is variability in this product.
8& úúOdldr ùu(
ixpdrl ksIamdok rEmjdyskshla fyda fjk;a tjeks ksñ
NdKavhla fuka l,ska l,g m%ñ;sh iy ;;aFjh wkqj muKla
fjkia jk icd;Sh ksIamdokhla fkdfõ'
ixpdrl .uka meflachla fyda .=jka ijdßhla fyda iEuodu tl
yd iudkj fkdmj;S' thg fya;=j jkafka fuu ksIamdokh
fiajhla ùu;a fiajh mqoa.,hka u; r mej;Su;a h' tneúka"
fuu ksIamdokfha úúO;ajhla we;s fõ'
88. 9) Risky
The risk involved in the use of a tourism product is
heightened since it has to be purchased before its
consumption. An element of chance is always present in its
consumption.
Like, a show might not be as entertaining as it promises to be
or a beach holiday might be disappointing due to heavy rain.
9& wjodkï iys; ùu(
ixpdrl ksIamdokhla Ndú;fha wjodku th mßfNdackhg fmr
ñ, kshu lsÍug isÿùfukau by< hhs' wjia:djla riú£u iEuúgu
we;s jkafka th mßfNdackfhaoSu ùu
úfYaI;ajhls'
ta" m%ix.hla bÈßm;a lsÍug fmdfrdkaÿ jQ
muKska tys riúkaokh fkd,efnk fia o fjrf<a .;
lrk ksjdvqjl n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla wêl j¾Idj
ksid iqkajk fia o whqßks'
89. 10) Marketable
Tourism product is marketed at two levels:
1.At the first level, national and regional organizations
engage in persuading potential tourists to visit the country
or a certain region. These official tourist organizations first
create knowledge of its country in tourist –generating
markets and persuade visitors in these markets to visit the
country.
10& úlsKsh yelsùu(
ixpdrl ksIamdokhla wjia:d folloS wf,úlrKh l< yelsh(
1' m<uq wjia:dfõoS" cd;sl iy m%dfoaYSh ixúOdk u.ska rgl fyda
ksYaÑ; m%foaYhl ixpdrh lsÍu i|yd ixpdrlhd fmd<Ujd .kS'
fuu ks, ixpdrl ixúOdk ixpdrl W;amdol fj<|fmdf<a ish
rg ms<sn| oekqj;a Ndjhla we;s lr Tjqka ;u rgg f.kajd
.ekSug lghq;= lrkq ,efí'
90. 2.At the second level, the various individual
firms providing tourist services, market their
own components of the total tourist product
to persuade potential tourists to visit that
region for which they are responsible.
2' fojk wjia:dfõoS" úúO iajdëk iud.ï úiska
ixpdrl fiajd imhñka" uq¿ ixpdrl
ksIamdokfhka ish fldgia wf,ú lrñka Tjqkaf.a
j.lSu hgf;a l%shd;au; jk m%foaY fj; ixpdrlhd
f.kajd .ekSu isÿ lrhs'
91. Travel Agents
ixpdrl ksfhdað;hka
Inbound Travel Agents in Sri Lanka comes in many
forms. While most of them are agents of
international operators many serve individual
travelers. Our listing includes limited liability
companies as well as individual guides who would
also act as chauffeurs
Y%S ,xldfõ nkaê; ixpdrl ksfhdað;hka wdldr lsysmhla
fõ' Tjqka w;=ßka fndfyduhla wka;¾cd;sl
fufyhjkakkaf.a ksfhdað;hka jk kuq;a lsysmhla
mqoa.,sl ixpdrlhka fõ' wmf.a f,aLkj, iSñ; j.lSï
iys; wdh;k fukau ßhÿrka f,i l%shdlrñka fiajh
imhk iajdëk ud¾f.damfoaYlhka o fjhs'
92. Acme Lanka (Pvt.) Lt
C/o Trans Asia Hotel,
115 Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha, Colombo 02, Sri
Lanka.
Andrews Travel Service Ltd.
No 259, Duplication Road, Colombo 03.
Contact - Mr. Mahen Kariyawasam - Executive Director
Mr Ravi Peris - General Manager,
Anton Jayakodi Travels (Pvt) Ltd.
Meewella Building, 329, Galle Road Colombo 04
Columbus Tours (Pvt) Ltd.
221/2 Dharmapala Mawatha,Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
Globe Jeter Travel Services
521 Galle Road, Colombo 6, Sri Lanka
http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Sri_Lanka/Travel_and_Tourism/Travel_Services/
93. FORMS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
Tourism products can be classified as under for a better understanding of
each of their peculiar characteristics, so that they can be marketed and
positioned appropriately:
ixpdrl ksYamdok hkakys we;s wkkH;djhka ukdj f;areï .ekSu i|yd;a
fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhka yd tys iajNdjhka f;areï .ekSu o jeo.;afõ'
1. NATURAL TOURISM PRODUCTS
iajdNdúl ixpdrl ksYAmdok
2. MAN- MADE TOURISM PRODUCTS
ñksid uQ,sl ù ieliQ ksYAmdok
95. MAN- MADE TOURISM PRODUCTS
Man- made tourism products are created by man for pleasure, leisure or
business. Man- made tourism products include:
a) Cultural tourism
b) Traditions
c) Entertainment
d) Business
96. A- Cultural tourism
Cultural tourism is based on the mosaic of places, traditions, art forms,
celebrations and experiences that portray the nation and its people,
reflecting the diversity and character of a country
97.
98. Culture Tourism includes:
• Sites and areas of archaeological interest
• Historical buildings and monuments
• Places of historical significance
• Museums and art galleries
• Political and educational institutions
• Religious institutions
99. b) Traditions
• Pilgrimages
• Fairs and festivals
• Arts and handicrafts
• Dance
• Music
• Folklore
• Native life and customs
100. Pilgrimages
A pilgrimage is a term primarily used for a journey or a search of great moral
significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred place or shrine of importance
to a person's beliefs and faith.
Members of every religion participate in pilgrimages.
A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim.
101. Fair and festivals
Fairs and Festivals capture the fun
loving side and bring out the joyous
celebrations of the community.
Festivals like New Year, Vesak,
Poson,esala, Christmas, Easter,
Thanksgiving, Eid, Ramadan, Diwali and
so on, also bring people to destinations
where the celebration can be enjoyed.
Some popular Fairs which cater to fun
and work are Deyata Kirula in Ampara,
Canton Fair in China,Prêt fair in Paris,
Magic Fair in Vegas for garments, Hong
Kong Fashion Week and various job fairs
where people are recruited.
102. Art and Craft
Sri Lanka is among the richest
countries in the world as far as the
field of art and craft is concerned.
Tourists like to visit and see the
creative and artistic treasures of
various countries. Every country has
certain traditional arts like soap
sculptures and batik of Thailand;
gems and jewellery, tie and dye
works, wood and marble carving in
Indonesia; ivory, glasswork, hand
block printing, sandalwood, inlay
work; are some of the examples of
traditional art that attract tourists.
103. Dances
There are many forms of dance in the
world like Salsa, Hip- Hop, Jazz,
Flamingo, Ballet and Traditional
Dances. People who travel like to
watch these dance performances and
sometimes even take some
introductory classes.
Music can be either traditional or
modern. Traditional music like folk
music and classical and country music
is specific to every region and country..
104. Modern forms include Blues, Rock, Pop,
Jazz, Rap, Techno and Hip- Hop.
Music also adds to the attraction of a destination
105. c) Entertainment
• Amusement and recreation parks
• Sporting events
• Zoos and oceanariums
• Cinemas and theatre
• Night life
• Cuisine
106. Amusement and recreation parks
Tourist products that have entertainment as their main
characteristic are many.
There are amusement and recreational parks like Disneyworld in United
States, Hong Kong, Paris, Singapore and theme parks in various countries
and cities like water world and Nature park in colombo, and so on
107. • Sporting events
Tourists may come to attend sports events and it is also an
opportunity to explore the country. The fundamental concept is that all
tourist activities have an influence on providing economic benefits and
have a powerful influence in some definite locality, like the Cricket. Super
cross etc
108. Olympics in Athens has given immense benefit to all in tourism business in
Athens in particular and Greece in general. Many countries organise year
round sports events like swimming meets, athletic meets, weight lifting
events, cricket matches, baseball etc.
109. Night life
Night Life is one of the prime attractions in a holiday. Tourists like to especially visit
areas in cities where the night life activity is promoted. These areas are usually lit
up with street stalls like flea markets and food areas. Bars, night clubs, casinos and
very often open air bands attract and add to the psychological satisfaction and
experience of tourists
110. Cuisine
Cuisine is very often an understated but highly important part of any
holiday. Now-a-days there is cuisine from all areas of the world which is found at
most tourist destinations. Specialty restaurants serve Sri Lankan,
Indian,Continental, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Thai, Indonesian, Fast food,
Mexican, Mediterranean, and Arabic and so on. However, tourists usually like to eat
the local food of the areas they visit.
111. Business• conventions
• conferences
People who travel in relation to their work come under the category of business
tourism. However such travel for business purposes is also linked with tourist activity
like visiting places of
tourist attraction at the destination,
sight seeing and excursion trips
112. A business traveller is important to the tourism
industry as it involves the usage of all the
components of tourism. He travels because of different
business reasons- attending conventions and conferences,
meetings, workshops etc. Participants have a lot of
leisure time at their disposal. The conference organizers
make this leisure time very rewarding for participants by
organizing many activities for their pleasure and
relaxation. The spouses and families accompanying the
participants are also well looked after by the organizers.
113. The organizers plan sight seeing tours and shopping tours for the participants and
their families. In Sri Lanka, cooking classes for learning Sri Lankan food cooking
from the various states, visits to the craft bazaars where tourists
see how artisans make clay pots and other handicrafts, they visit tie and dye units to
see Sri Lankan printing eg. Batik printing and Gems etc.
114. Conferences are events which require meticulous
planning and efficient implementation, co-
coordinating various activities so that the right things
happen at the right time. There are a number of
players in the convention business. On one hand are
the customers or the consumers and on the other
hand are the principle suppliers like hotels,
transporters, convention centres, tour operators and
travel agencies, tourism departments, exhibition
organizers, sponsors etc.
