1. mdol igyka ( Foot Notes ) & -
1. u,,fialr" .`Kmd,"bx.@Sis- isxy, YnzofldaIh" iSudiys; tuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"
fodf<diajeks uq|@Kh" 1987" msgqj 311
2.A K. N. Jayathileke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, Delhi, 1980, pp.158-178
.B u,,fialr" .`Kmd,"bx.@Sis- isxy, YnzofldaIh" iSudiys; tuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"
fodf<diajeks uq|@Kh" 1987" msgqj 311
3. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, 1992, p.395
4. u,,fialr cS'mS" bx.@sis isxy, u,,fialr YnzofldaIh" weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U" ix' k' ixia'"
1998" msgqj' 302
5. ux., ysus f.dv.u" kQ;k iudch iZoyd fn#oaO cSjk orAYkh" Y@S ,Xld iuQmldr jsoHd,hSh uq|@Kd,h"
fmd,af.d,a," 1998" msgqj'104
6. fn@davz"iS'vS" wdpdr Ou! jdofha mxpjsO m@fNao" m@ldYk wxYh" rdcH NdId fomdrA;fuzka;`j" 1966" msgq 50-
54
,, ,, ,, ,,
7. tu ,, ,, ,, ,, msgq 43-50
,, ,, ,, ,,
8. tu ,, ,, ,, ,, msgq 196-218
9. iuzudosgzGsuzmyx NslaLfj oajhx jodus' wF:s Nslalfj iuzud osgzGs idijd mqZ[aZ[Nd.shd WmOsfjmlald wF:s
NslaLfj iuzud osgzGs wrshd wkdijd f,dl`;a;r u.a.Xz.d
ucACOsu ksldh 111" uydp;a;drSil iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 212
10. oafjfu NslaLfj mpzphd iuzud osgzGshd Wmamdodh l;fu oafj? mrf;d p f>dfid fhdksfid p ukisldfrd
wx.`;a;r ksldh 1" iuzudosgzGs mpzph iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 226
11. l:Z[ap NslaLfj iuzud osgzGs wrshd wkdijd f,dl`;a;r u.a.x.d hd fLd NslaLfj wrshps;a;iai wkdij
ps;a;iai wrsh u.a. iux.sfkd wrsh u.a.x Ndjhf;d" mZ[aZ[d" mZ[aZCosJ|@shx" mZ[aZ[dn,x" Ouzujsph
iuzfndcACOxf.d iuzud osgzGs u.a.Xz.x
ucACOsu ksldh 111" uydp;a;drSil iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 214
12. tjuzms inzn N~f;iq udkixNdjfh wmrsudKx fu;a;Z[ap inznf,dliausx udkixNdjfh wmrsudKx' WoaOx
wfOd p ;srshZ[ap wiuzndOx wfjrx wim;a;x ;sgzGx prx ksiskafkd jd ihdfkd jd hdj ;iai js.;usoafOd
t;x i;sx wOsgzfGhH n@yaufu;x jsydrx bOudyq osgzGsz[ap wkq.zu iS,jdoiaifkk iuzmkafkd ldfuiq jsfkhH
f.Ox kys cd;` .nzNfihHx mqkfr;S;s'
lreKdOdr mS'fcA'"msrejdkd fmd;a jykafia fyj;a uy msrs;a fmd;" mdk|=rd hka;@d,h" mdk|=r" 1934"
msgq 12-13
13. fh ys flps NslaLfj" wkqluzfmHd: fh p fhd;nznx uZ[afZ[iq us;a;d jd wupzpd jd Z[d;S jd if,dys;d jd"
f; fLd NslaLfj" p;`kakx wrshpzpdkx h:dN~;x wNsiuhdh iudofj;nznd m;sgzGdfm;nznd' l;fuix
p;`kakx |=laLiai wrsipzpiai |=laL iuqofhd wrshipzpiai |=laL ksfrdfOd wrsipzpiai |=laL ksfrdO.dusKS
mgsmod wrshiai' fh ys flps NslaLfj" wkqluzfmHd:" fh p fhd ;nznx uxz[Z[hHqx us;a;d jd wupzpd jd
Z[d;S jd idf,dys;d jd' f; fjd NslaLfj bfuix p;`kakx wrshipzpld h:dN~;x wNsiuhdh iudofm;nznd
ksfjfi;nznd m;sgzGdfm;nznd' ;iaud;sy NslaLfj box |=laLka;s fhdf.d lrKSfhd whx |=laL iuqofhd;s
lrKSfhd" whx |=lafL ksfrdafOd;s fhdf.d lrKSfhd whx |=laL ksfrdafOd;s' fhdf.d lrKSfhd |=laL
ksfrdO.dusKS mgsmod;s fhdf.d lrKSfhd;s'
ixhq;a; ksldh v" us;a; iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgq 290 -291
14. K. N. Jayathileke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, P.170
15. ucCOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iq;a;"nq' c' uq'" 322 msgqj
16. iqiaiq;uzms fyd;s
ucCOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iq;a;"nq' c' uq'" 322 msgqj
17. |=iaiq;uzms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
18. ;:dms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
19. wZ[aZ[:dms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
20. wx.`;a;r ksldh" ;sl ksmd;h" ld,du iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 338 msgqj'
21. ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak '''''''''''''''''ud
NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
22. iq' ks"wgzGl j.a.h" ud.kaosh iQ;@h"nq'c'uq'" msgqj 264'
23. ucACOsu ksldh 2"pxlS iQ;@h" nq'c'uq'" msgqj' 656
24. brahma sakkami ditto ...
Dhiga Nikayo, Pali Text Society, London, p. 238
25. Majjima Nikayo 1, Pali Text Society, London, p. 199
26. Majjima Nikayo 1, Pali Text Society, London, p. 520
27. Majjima Nikayo 111, Pali Text Society, London, p 186
183

2. 28. hoiausx fNd f.d;u"n@dyauKdkx fmdrdKx uka;mox b;syS;s y mruzmrdh msgl iuzmodh ;F:j n@dyauKd
tlx fhk ksgzGx .pzPka;s"bouzj ipzpx fud>uZ[aZ[ka;s bONjx f.d;fud lsuyd;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"pxlS iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj'654
29. fihH:dms Ndroajdc"wkaOfjKS mruzmrd ixika;d mqrsfudms k miai;s'ucACOsfudms k miai;s'mpzPsfudms k
miai;s'tjfuzjfLd Ndroajdc wJOfjKq mux uZ[afZ[a n@dyauKdkx Ndis;x iuzmcAc;s' mqrsfudms k miai;s'
ucACOsfudms k miai;s';x lsx uZ[aZ[is Ndroajdc ;kq tjx ikaf; n@dyauKd wuQ<sld ioaOd iuzmcAc;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"pxlS iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 656
30. ixia'fudaydka csf;aka|@"mrs' jsfcA;`x. iajrAKd"wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj" wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j"
n;a;ruq,a,"1996'ixjrAOkh"csf;aka|@ fudydka" msgqj'155
31. Ou!fhys ,CIKf,i jsia;r jkkd jQ foh'iajdlaLdf;d N.j;d Ouzfud ikaosgzGsfld wld,sfld taysmiaisfld
Tzmkhsfld mpzp;a;x fjzos;nzfnd jsZ[aZC|+yS;s'fuys mpzp;a;x fjzoS;nzfnd jsZ[aZC|+yS;s hkafkka woyiajkqfha
m@{djka;hka th m@;HCIjYfhka wjfndaOlr .;hq;` njhs'
32. fulS i;r uydmfoaY ms<snZoj lreKQ oelafjk ia:dk folla luz wx.`;a;r ksldh p;`lal ksmd;h yd oS>
ksldfha uyd mrsksnzndK iQ;@h;a fjz' ;@smsglfhys ia:dk lSmhlu fuz whqrska i;r uydmfoaY ms<snZoj
wka;rA.; jSu tl, jev isgs Ydik Ndr uy f;rjrekaf.a" uqL mruzmrdkq.;j ;@smsglg lgmdvuska
/f.k wd NdKl mruzmrdj, f;rjrekaf.a fyda ix.S;sldrl f;rjreka jykafia,df.a jqjukdj jkakg
we;' thg wdikak;u fya;`j jsh yelafla uqL mruzmrd.;j mej;s wjOsfha ;@smsglfhys wka;rA.; oekquz
moaO;s b;du;a f,fyisfhka jskdY jSug fyda wNdjhg hdug yelshdjla mej;Su;a tfia b;d blaukska
wNdjhg h;ehs Wml,amkh lrk ,oaod jQ fyda jvd;a jeo.;a hehs f;rjreka jsiska ;SrKh lrk ,oaod jQ
Ou! lreKq ;s@msglfhys lSm ia:dkhlu wka;rA.; fldg NdKl mruzmrd lSmhla jsiskau uqL
mruzmrdkq.;j mj;ajdf.k hdu is|=lr we;ehs fulS l@shdj<sh uy;a m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh fldg jspdr
mQrAjlj ks.ukhlg meusKsug yelsh'
33. iq;af; T;dfr;nzndks jskfh ikaoiafi ;nzndks
wx.`;a;r ksldh 11" uydmfoai iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgq 326-330
,, ,, ,, ,,
34. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
,, ,, ,, ,,
35. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
,, ,, ,, ,,
36. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
37. kd;s fpz iq;af; T;drshudkd;s jskfh ikaoiaish udkd;s iq;af; fpj T;rka;s"jskfhp ikaosiaika;s
ksgzGfu;x .ka;nznx woaOd box ;iai N.jf;d jpkx wryf;d iuzud iuznqoaOiiai";iaip f:riai
N.jf;d jpkx wryf;d iuzud iuznqoaOiai";iaip f:riai iq.a.yS;x'
wx.`;a;r ksldh 11" uydmfoai iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 330
38. isrsiSj,S ysus nU/kafoa" m@ia;djkdj" uyd mrsksrAjdK iQ;@ ixialrKh" fld<U" msgqj 68
39. fofjudp NslaLfj osjzGsfhd'Nj osgzGs p jsNj osgzGs p''fm'''iuqohZ[p wF:.uZ[p wiaidoZ[p wdoSkjZ[p
ksiairKZ[p h:dN~;x kmamcdkka;s"'''fm'''k mrsuqpzpka;s cd;shd crdh urfKk fidflys mrsfofjys
|=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys'k mrsuqpzpka;s |=laLiaud;s jodus'
ucACOsu ksldh 1" iSykdo j.a.h" pQ< iSykdo iq;a;" nq' c' uq" msgqj'159
40. Majjima Nikaya 1" Pali Text Society, London, p. 481
41. Jayatileke K.N, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, Delhi,1980, p.170.
42. iSj,S isrs"ld,du Ou!h" iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1961" msgqj 44
43. b;sfLd NslaLfjz khsox n@yauprshx ,dN ilaldr isf,dldksixix"k is,iuzmod ksixix"k iudOs
iuzmodksixix" k Z[dKoiaikdixix'hd p fLd whx NslaLfj wl`mamd fpf;djsuq;a;s"t;oF:usox NslaLfj
n@yauprshx't;x idrx't;x mrsfhdidkka;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 1" Tmuzu j.a.h" uyd idfrdmu iq;a;" msgqj 477
44. wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA:fuzka;`j" Ndr;Sh orAYkh"1jk ldKavh" 1970" msgq' 305-310
45. ucACOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iQ;@h" nq' c'uq" msgqj'292
46. ucACOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iQ;@h" msgqj 295
47. mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus jehsfyafka"ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg" weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"
msgqj'29
48. i;HiH i;Huz" Ofu! ryiHuz"fjodka;%".`yHdfoY%"mrux .`yHuz'
mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus jehsfyafka"ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U" msgqj'29
49. Oxford University, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads,Oxford University press,London,1921,p.142.
50. ucACOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iQ;@h" nq' c' uq" msgqj'322
51. ucACOsu ksldh 11"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"msgqj'322
52. ucACOsu ksldh 11" ikaol iq;a; nq c uq msgqj'322
53. w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a. ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgq'377-343
54. ucACOsu ksldh 11"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'322
55. Ouzur;k ysus kdrdjs, yd mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus yevsmkak," Ndr;Sh oY!kh"jsoHd,xldr hka;@d,h"le<Ksh"
1950"msgqj'14
56. Tusf;H;oCIruqo.S:uqmdiS; Tus;shH+oa.dh;s ;fiHdm jHdLHdkuz'
Pdkafoda.H WmksIoh"1'1'1"
57. ysrshka;" weuz'ixCIsma; Ndr;Sh orAYkh" wOHdmk fomdrA;fuzkafjz m@ldYkh"fld<U"1970"msgqj'xix
184

3. 58. k;a:s uydrdc oskakx k;a:s hsgzGx k;a:s yq;x"k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld"k;a:s whx
f,dfld' k;a:s mfrd f,dfld'k;a:s ud;d'k;a:s ms;d'k;a:s i;a:d Tzmmd;sld k;a:s f,dfl iuKn@dyauKd
iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dlx mrx p f,dlx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd'mfjoka;s'
oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'96
59. pdrAjdl orAYkfhys wdoS l;Djrhd ms<snZo jsjsO u;hka mj;S'flfiafj;;a uq,afmf,a WmksIoa iDISka w;r
ihq.ajd ffrCp kuz iDIsjrfhlq jQ nj;a fudyqf.a b.ekajSuz fN#;sljdoS pska;khg mokuzjQ nj;a i,lkq
,efnz'
60. oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"msgqj'98
61. rd.x NslaLfjz wZ[afZ[a talmq.a.,uzms iukqmiaidus'fhd tjx nyqck ys;dh mgsmkafkd nyqck wiqLdh
nyqf;d ckiai wkJ:dh wys;dh |=laLdh fojukqiaidkx h:hsox NslaLfjz ulaL,S fuda> mqrsfida'
w' ks' 1"tll ksmd;h"nq'c'uq'98
62. 'kF:s kF:s yka;djd >df;;djd fid;djd idfj;d jd jsZ[aZ[d ;d jd jsZ[aZ[dfm;d jd fhdms ;sKafyk
i;af:k iSix csJo;s'k fldps lZ[aps cSjs;d fjdfrdfm;s' i;a;kakx fhj ldhdkx wka;frAk i;a:x
jsjrukqm; ;S;s'
oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj 98
63. kQ;k iudch iZoyd fn#oaO cSjk orAYkh"f.dv.u ux., ysus"Y@S ,xld iuQmldr jsoHd,hSh uq|@Kd,h"
fmd,af.d,a,"1998"msgqj'115
64. ucACOsu ksldh 11"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'322
65. oS'ks 1"73-75'182-183' u'ks'1" 159'181&435-436 w'ks'1"53&188msg P.T.S.
66. jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjpzp wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjlcx mS;siqLx mGux COdkx WmiuzmcAc
jsydisx'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"uyd hul j.a.h"uyd ipzpl iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'584
67. bO n@dysuK NslaLq jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzp wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;siqLx
mGuCOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s'whuzms fLd n@dyauK Ouzfud Z[dKoiaifkk W;a;rs;frd p mKS;;rdp'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"Tmuzu j.a.h"pQ< idfrdamu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj"488
68. Y@S Ou!jxY ysus" ud;r" wNsOu! pka|@sldj" ps;a; mdoh" ld,agka uq|@Kh" ud;r" 1956" msgq 51-53
69. iq;lals;uzms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
70. |=;a;lal;uzms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
71. ;:dms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
72. wZ[aZ[:dms fyd;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
73. wx.`;a;r ksldh" ;sl ksmd;h" ld,du iq;a;" nq' c' uq" msgqj'338
74. ;lal fya;`
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
75. kh fya;`
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
76. nqoaO jpkhkag wkqj {dk jsNd.fhys ,d tl, l@shd;aul jQ Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uh kh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' kh
Ynzofhys wrA: /ila mej;sh;a ty idudkH wrA:h jkqfha l@u hkakhs' Theory, System, Principles,
Method jeks mo bx.@Sis NdIdfjz fuz fjkqfjka fhfoa'
77. m@udffKr:!mrSlaIKx kHdh%'
kHdh NdIHh"1'1'1
78. m@;HCIdkqudk Wmudj Ynzo'
kHdh orAYkh"wCImdo kHdh iQ;@"1'1'3
79. kHdh iQ;@"1'1'32'
80. ixhq;a; ksldh iv, w;a:j;a; iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 704
81. m@;HdCId.udNjHduSCIs;iHd lajSCIK ukajSCId";hd m@j;!k b;Hd ;ajSlaIsls'kHdh jsoHd'
kHdh Ydia;@uz"kHdh iQ;@"1'1'1
82. ucACOsu ksldh 111"foajoy iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'3
83. iHdoajdo uxcrS" ldrsld 5
84. ucACOsu ksldh 1" nq'c'uq"msg 97
85. wdldr mrsjs;lal
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,
86. wdldr mrsjs;lal
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,
87. osgzGskscACOdklaLka;s
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
88. Majjima Nikayo 1, Pali Text Society, London, p.133
89. jSrisxy" tia'cS'tuz'"fyrla,Sgia orAYkjdoh"2 l,dmh" "le<Ksh jsYajjsoHd ,h "1962-63" msgqj'27
185

4. 90. lZMmyk" vS'fcA' Ndr;Sh orAYk b;sydih ffjosl WmksIoa" rdcH NdId fomdrA;fuzka;`j" fld<U"1963"
msg'1
91. ysrshka;" weuz'ixCIsma; Ndr;Sh orAYkh" wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j"1970"msgqj'5
92. ikaks NslaLfj tf; iuKn@dyauKd'''''''''' wfkl jsys;dks wOsjq;a;s modks wNsjkao;s
oS> ksldh 1" n@yaucd, iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 20
93. osgzGs.;fu;x osgzGs.ykx osgzGs lka;drx osgzGs jsiQ;x osgzGs jsmaMkaos;x osgzGsiZ[afZ[dackx i|=laLx ijs>d;x
iWmdidix imrs<dyx k ksnznsodh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdaOdh k Wmiudh k wNsZ[aZ[dh k iuzfndaOdh k
ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;s' Lux fLd wyx jpzP wdoSkjx iuzmiaiudfkd tjx budks inznfid osgzG.;dks
wkqm.f;d;ss' wF:s mk fydf;d f.d;uiai lsZ[aps osgzG.;ka;s fLd jpzP wmkS;fu;x ;:d.;iai
ucACOsu ksldh 11" w.a.sjpzPf.d;a; iq;a;" nq'c'uq"msgqj 528
94. w;a:s fu w;a;d;s jdiai ipzpf;d osgzGs WmamcAc;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"inzndij iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'22
95. |=lafL f,dfl m;sgzfGd'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"w.a.sjpzPf.d;a; iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'256
96. ucACOsu ksldh 11" lSgd.srs iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 246
97. oS> ksldh";sl ksmd;h"ld,du iq;a;"fn#'iuz'ixia'"msgqj'638
98. ;;@ Ndroajdc"tfl iuKn@dyauKd mqnzfn wkkqiaif;iq Ouzfuiq iduxfhj Ouzux wNsZ[aZ[dodh ipzPslFjd
osgzGsOuzudNsZ[aZ[d fjdidk mrdusmm;a;d wdoS n@yauprshx mgzcdkd;s"f;diyuiaus'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'738
99. niakdhl" tpz'gS'"Ndr;Sh b;sydih 1" 1993"msgq'54-55
100. mqnzfn l;x fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd .pzP;x k fyd;s Pkafod jd jdhdfudjd box jd lrKshx
boxjd wlrKSyka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfh fLdmk ipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx
wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod'
wx.`;a;r ksldh";s;a:dh;k iq;a;"fn#'iuz'ixia'"msgqj'598
101. oS> ksldh 11"Wmd,s iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"msgqj'60
102. fhys flps NslaLfj iuKd jd n@dyauKd jd wfkljsys;x w;a;dkx iukqmiaiudkd iukqmiaika;s' inzfnz f;
mxpqmdodlaLkafO iukqmiaika;s' tf;ix jd wZ[aZ[;rx
ixhqla; ksldh 111" iukqmiaikd iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 82
103. A. mgsiuzNsod wgzGl:d"osgzGsl:d';lalsldys osgzGs.;sld iNdjmgsfjOmZ[aZ[dh wNdjdflaj,x ;laflk
j;a;ka;s fhms COdk,dNs fkd wNsZ[aZ[d,dNsfkd jd osgzGsx .Kayka;s f;ms ;laflFjd .Kayf;d
;lalsld'
B. wF:x.;iai k mudKuF:s (iq'ks' WmiSj) rEmdos mudKx k wF:s hkq tu wgqjdjhs'
C. fk;a;smamlrK"jsiqoaOsu.a."Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOsh"ipzpslsrshdj f,dlsh yd f,dl`;a;r hs fomrsosh'
COdk f,dlshhs u.a.M, f,dl`;a;rhs'
D. mgsiuzNsod wgqjdj" Z[dKl:d" Ouzudkx mpzp;a; ,laLK i,a,laLK jfik mj;a;d mZ[aZ[dZ[d;
mrsZ[aZ[d ku'
104. fhdys fldps NslaLfj bfu p;a;dfrda i;smgzGdfk tjx NdfjhH i;a; jiaidks" ;iai oajskakx M,dkx
wZ[aZ[;rx M,x mdgslXzLx osgzfGj Ouzfu wZ[aZ[d i;Sjd Wmdosfifi wkd.dus;d
oS> ksldh 11" i;smgzGdk iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 498
105. A. mpzp;a;x fjzos;nzfnd jsZ[aZC|+ys hkafkka w:!j;ajkakdjQ'
B. ls;a;dj;d mk fNd f.da;u ipzpdkqrlaLKd fyda;s'ioaOd ms fp Ndroajdc mqrsiiai fyd;s' tjx fu
ioaOd;s b;s jox ipzpukqrlaL;s"k fFjj ;dj tlxfik ksgzGx .pzP;s bofuzj ipzpx fuda>uZ[aZ[x ;s'
reps wkqiaifjd' wdldrmrsjs;lafld''osgzGskscACOdklaLka;s fpms''t;a;dj ;d uhx ipzpdkq rlaLKx
mZ[aZ[dfmu lfFj ;dj ipzpdkqfndfOd fyd;s'ls;a;dj;d mk fNd f.d;u ipzpdkq fndfOd fyd;s$ bO
Ndroajdc NslaLq wZ[a[;rx .dux Wmksiaidh jsyr;s';fukx .ym;s WmixlusFjd ;Siq Ouzfuiq
iukafki;s f,daNkSfhiq" fodaikSfhiq" fudaykSfhiq" '';fukx iukafk iudfkd tjx cdk;s kF:s fLd
buiai''w: ;iausx ioaOd ksfji;s" ioaOdcdf;d Wmixlu;s" mhsremdi;s"fid;x Toy;s"Ouzux Odfr;s'
wF:x WmmrslaLka;s" f;k Ouzud kscACOdkx Luka;s' PfJod cdh;s"Wiaiy;s";`,h;s"moy;s"
t;a;dj;d ipzpx wkqnqcACO;s'k fFj ;dj ipzpdkqmam;a;s fyd;s'ls;a;dj;d ipzpdkqmam;a;s fyd;s$''f;ix
fhj Ndroajdc Ouzudkx wdfijkd nyq,Sluzud ipzpdkqmam;a;s fyd;s' t;a;dj;dp uhx ipzpdkqmam;a;sx
mZ[aZ[d fmud;s' ipzpdkqmam;a;shd fNd f.d;u l;fud Ouzfud nyqldfrd$ ipzpdkqmam;a;sfhd fNd
f.d;u l;fud Ouzfud nyqldfrd$ ipzpdkqmam;a;s hd fLd Ndroajdc mOdkx nyqldrx" fkd fp ;x
mofyhH khsox ipzpx wkqmdmqfK hH'' tjx ;`,kd"Wiaidfyd" cfJod" OuzukscACOdklaLka;s"
wF:qmrslaLd" OuzuOdrKx"OuzuijKx"fid;djOdkx" mhsremdidkx" Wmixlukx" ioaOd;s'bfu
ipzpdkqmam;a;shd nyqldrd Ouzud fydka;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"pxlS iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'656
106. uoiai m@ydKdh mudoiai m@ydKdh wF:s ucACOsud mgsmod plaLqlrKS Z[dKlrKS Wmiudh wNsZ[aZ[dh
iuzfndOdh ksnzndKdh ixj;a;;s'fuys mudo hkak jHjydrlr we;af;a flf,iaiys;nj oelajSu
iZoydh'Ouzu mofhys wmamudfoda wu;mox mudfoda upzpqfkda mox hk .d:dfjys m@udo hkak olajd we;af;ao
fuz iZoyd nj fmfka' iuzfndOdh hkak ukd wjfndaOh msKsi hk wrA:hu; fhoS;sfnz'fuz ishZMu mo
m@;HCIh hk wrA:hg mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlr ;sfnz' plaLq lrKS kqjKei msKsi yd Z[dKlrKS
Z[dKh msKsi hk w;sfrAl mrAhdh mohka f.ka wrA:j;a jkafkao tu m@;HCIfhys jsjsOjQ iajrEmhufjz'
ucACOsu ksldh"uQ, mrshdh j.a.h"Ouzuodhdo iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'36
186

5. 107. k fLd mkdyx nHdmkak ps;af;d m|=gzGukixlmafmd wrZ[afZ[ jkmF:dks mka;dks fikdikdks mgsfiajdus'
fu;a;ps;af;d yuiaus'fh ys fjd wrshd fu;a;ps;a;d wrZ[afZ[ jkmF:dks mka;dks fiakdikdks mgsfiajka;s"
f;iuyx wZ[aZ[;fud't;uyx n@dysuK fu;a;ps;a;x w;a;;s iuzmiaiudfkd NsfhHd m,af,duudmdosx
wrZ[afZ[ jsydrdh'fuhska weZ.fjkqfha ndysr ksus;s idOllr .ekSfuka f;drj we;`,; jO!khlr.kakd,o
ffu;@sfha Yla;sfhka ndysrl`uk fyda ndOdjka meusKsh;a tajd wNsnjd l@shd;auljsh yelsnjhs'
ucACOsu ksldh"NhfNarj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'43
108. wdma;ukajdh mOdkukajdh wkqfhda.ukajdh wmamudoukajdh iuzudukisldrukajdh ;:drEmx fpf;diudOsx
Mqi;s'h:d iudysf; ps;af;a wfkljsys;x mqnzfnzksjdix wkqiair;s'
oS> ksldh 1"n@yaucd, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'22
109. i;a;shd jsh jsugzfGd - vhsyudfkdj u;a:fl
ilaldhosgzGmydKh - if;d NslaLq mrsksnznfc
ixhq;a; ksldh 1" i;a;s iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 24
110. Lqoaol ksldh"PpzpJO j.a.h"nq'c'uq' msgqj'231
111. Jayatileke K.N,Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, Delhi,1980,p.356.
112. wNscdkdus fLd mkdyx ms;`ilaliai luzukaf; iS;dh cuznqpzPdhdh ksikafkd jsjspzfpj ldfu '''mGucACOdkx
WmiuzmcAc jsyrs;d ishd kq fLd tfid u.af.d fndOdh'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'754
113. hkakQyx hx Ouzux rdfud ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjfois";iai Ouzuiai
ipzPslsrshdh mofyhHka;s fid fLd wyx NslaLfj k psriafij Lsmamfuzj ;x Ouzux ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd
WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'404
114. bOdkkao NslaLq WmOs jsfjzld wl`i,dkx Ouzudkx mydkd ldh |=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaimioaOshd jsjspzfp
ldfuys jsjspzp wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucCOdkx WmiuzcAc jsyr;s'
fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d
|=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d i,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dlf;d iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd
iukqmiai;s' fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s' t;x ika;x
t;x mKs;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:d inznQmgsmgsksiaif.d ;KaylaLfhd jsrdf.d ksfrdfOd ksnzndkx
ucACOsu ksldh 11" uyd ud,qxlHmq;a; iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgq 168-170
115. ucACOsu ksldh 11"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgq'756-758
116. bOdjqfid NslaLq iu: mqnznx.ux jsmiai;x Ndfj;s' ;iai iu: mqnznx.ux jsmiai;x Ndjhf;d u.af.d
iZ[acdh;s' fid ;x u.a.x wdfij;s Ndfj;s nyq,Slfrd;s ;iai ;x uhayx wdfijf;d Ndjhf;d
nyq,Slfrdf;d iZ[afZ[dckd myShka;s wkqihd jHka;S fydka;s'
wx.`;a;r ksldh 11" wry;a;mam;s iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 304
117. k fLd rdfud bux Ouzux flj,xioaOd u;a;flk ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s
mfjois'woaOd rdfud Ouzux cdkx miaix jsydiS;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhqik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'405
118. tjx jq;af; NslaLfj Woaofld rdumq;af;d fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kx mfjois'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhqik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'
119. kdhx Ouzfud ksnznsodh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdOdh k ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;S"hdjfoj fkjiZ[a
Z[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kQm m;a;shd;s'fid fLd wyx NslaLfj ;x Ouzux wk,xlrsFjd ;iaud Ouzud
ksnznscAcwmlalusx'
,, ,, ,, ,,
tu ,, ,, ,, ,, msgqj'406
120. ;:d.f;d NslaLfj wryx iuzud iuznqoaO wkqmamkakiai u.a.iai Wmamdfo;d'wiZ[acd;iai i.a.iai
ixcdkaf;d wklaLd;iai u.a.iai wlaL;d u.a.Z[aZC|= u.a. js|= u.a. fldjs|= u.a.dkq.dp NslaLfj t;rys
idjld jsyrka;s' mpzPd iukakd.;d'
ixhq;a; ksldh 111"iuznqoaO iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'114
121. b;sms fid N.jd ''' nqoafOd N.jd; hiausx uydkdu iufh wrsidjfld" ;:d.;x wkqiair;s' f;jiai ;iausx
iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s' k fodi '' k fudy '' Wcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s' ;:d.;x
wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x
mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s' mS;su;iai ldfhd miaiuzN;s' miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s' iqLsfkd ps;a;x
iudOsh;s'
wx.`;a;r ksldh iv, uydkdu iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 12
122. h:d h:d fLd NslaLfj NslaLqfkd i;a:d Ouzux fofi;s"W;a;rs;a;rsx mKS;x mKS;x lKay iqlal
imamgsNd.x" ;:d ;:d fid ;iausx Ouzfu wNsZ[aZ[dh bfOlpzpx Ouzux Ouzfuiq ksgzGx .pzP;s'iF:rs
miSo;s'iuzud iuznqoafOd N.jd'iajlaLdf;d N.j;d Ouzfud"iqmgsmkafkd ixf>d'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"jSuxil iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'750
123. hoiausx fNd f.d;u"n@dyauKdkx fmdrdKx uka;mox b;syS;sy mruzmrdh msgl iuzm@odh ;F: p n@dyauKd
tlx fik ksgzGx .pzPka;s"bofuj"ipzpx fud> uZ[aZ[ka;s'bO Njx f.d;fud lsuyd;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11"pXzlS iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'654
124. ,, ,, ,, ,, tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
,, ,, ,, ,,
125. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
126. fihH:dms Ndroajdc" wkaOfjKS mruzmrd ixi;a;d mrsfudms k miqm;s' ucACOsfudms k miqm;s' ucACOsfudms
k miai;s' mpzPsfudms k miai;s' tjfuj fLd Ndroajdc wJOfjKqmux uZ[afZ[ n@dyauKdkx Ndis;x
187

6. iuzmcAcls' mqrsfudms k miai;s' ucACOsfud ms k miai;s' mpzPsfudms k miai;s' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[dis Ndroajdc ;kq
tjx ikaf; n@dyauKd wuQ,sld ioafOd iuzmcAc;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11" pXzlS iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 656
127. hodusx fNd f.d;u: n@dyauKdkx fmdrKx uka;mox b;syS;sy mruzmrdh msgl iuzmodh ;F: n@dyauKd
tlxfik ;sgzGx .pzPka;s" bofuj ipzpx fud>uZ[aZ[ka;s' bO Njx f.d;fud lsufyd;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11" pXzlS iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 654
,, ,, ,, ,,
128. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
129. hiai ;iai p bfuys wdldfrys bfuys mfoys bfuys nHZ[acfkys ;:d.f; ioaOd ksjsgzGd fyd;s'uQ,cd;d
m;sgzGs;d whx jqpzp;s NslaLfjz wldrj;S ioaOd oiaik uQ<sld o<ayd wixydrshd iufKkjd n@dyaufkk
jd"fofjk jd udfrk jd n@dyauqKdjd flkpsjd f,dliausx'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"jSuxil iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj 750'
130. bO .ym;s wrshidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok iukakd.f;d fyd;s'Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok ixf>
wfjpzp mamidfok wrshlkaf;ys iSf,ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s'bfuys p;~ys fid;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd
.f;d fyd;s'
ixhq;a; ksldh 11"mxpNhfjr iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj'108
131. h:d h:d fLd nslaLfj NslaLqfkd i;a:d Ouzux fofi;s" W;a;rsx mKS;x mKs;x lKay iqlal imamgsNd.x"
;:d ;:d fid ;iausx Ouzfu wNsZ[aZ[dh bfOlpzpx Ouzux Ouzfuiq ;sgzGx .pzP;s' iF:rs miSo;s' iuzud
iuznqoafOd N.jd iajlaLdf;d N.j;d Ouzfud iqmgsmkafkd ixf>d'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"jSuxil iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj 750
132. hiai ;iai p bfuys wdldfrys bfuys mfoys bfuys nHZ[acfkys ;:d.f; ioaOd ksjsgzGd fyd;s'uQ,cd;d
m;sgzGs;d whx jqpzp;s NslaLfjz wldrj;S ioaOd oiaik uQ<sld o<ayd wixydrshd iufKkjd n@dyaufkk
jd"fofjk jd udfrk jd n@dyauqKdjd flkpsjd f,dliausx'
ucACOsu ksldh 1"jSuxil iq;a;"nq'c'uq"msgqj 750
133. Y@S Ou!jxY ysus" ud;r" wNsOu! pka|@sldj" ps;a; mdoh" ld,agka uq|@Kh" ud;r" 1956" msgqj 44
134. A. K. N. Jayathileke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, Delhi, 1980, pp.397-399
B. l;Z[ap NslaLfj wkqmqnzns islaLd wkqmqnzn lsrshd wkqmqnzn mgsmod wZ[aZ[rdOkd fyd;s' bO NslaLfj ioaOd
cdf;d Wmixlu;s' Wmixlukaf;d mhsremdi;s' mhsremdikaf;d fid;x Toy;s' Tys; fidf;d Ouzux
iqKd;s iqFjd Ouzux Odfr;s' O;dlx Ouzudkx wF:x WmmrslaL;s' wF:x WmmrslaLf;d Ouzud kscACOdkx
Luka;s' Ouzu kscACOdklaLka;shd i;s PfJoda cdh;s' PJocdf;d Wiaiy;s' WiaiysFjd ;`f,;s' ;`f,hsFjd
moy;s' msy;;af;d iuk ldfhkjp mrux ipzp ipzPslfrd;s' mZ[aZ[dh p kx mgsjscACO miai;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11" lSgd.srs iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 248
135. wx.`;a;r ksldh iv, fmu-fodi iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 406
136. wx.`;a;r ksldh iv, mq.a.,mamido iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 442
137. fhd p NslaLfj ;:d.;x jd ;:d.; idjldkx jd oiaikdh .pzP;s' ksjsgzGioafOd ksjsgzGfmfud talka;f.d
wNsmamikaf;d-ta;okq;a;rshx NslaLfj oiaidkdkx
wx.`;a;r ksldh iv, wkq;a;rsh iq;a;" nq'c'uq" 74
138. hodusx fNd f.d;u: n@dyauKdkx fmdrKx uka;mox b;syS;sy mruzmrdh msgl iuzmodh ;F: n@dyauKd
tlxfik ;sgzGx .pzPka;s" bofuj ipzpx fud>uZ[aZ[ka;s' bO Njx f.d;fud lsufyd;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11" pXzlS iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 654
139. tokq;a;rshx NslaLfj ,dNdkx ika;dkx jsiqoaOshd fid; mrsoaojdkx iu;slaludh |=laLfodukiaidkx
wF:.udh Z[dhiai wOs.udh"ksnzndkiai ipzPslsrshdh hosox ;:d.f; jd ;:d.; idjfl jd ioaOx
mgs,N;s' ksjsgzGioafOd tlka; .f;d wNsmamikafkd
wx.`;a;r ksldh iv, wkq;a;rsh iq;a;" nq'c'uq" 76
140. bO .ym;s wrshidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok iukakd.f;d fyd;s' Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok ixf>
wfjpzpmamidfok wrslkaf;ys iSf,ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s' bfuys p;~ys fid;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd .f;d
fyd;s'
ixhq;a; ksldh 11" mxpNhfjr iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 108
,, ,, ,, ,,
141. tu ,, ,, ,, ,,
142. wx.`;a;r ksldh 1" ;sl ksmd;" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq'msgq 377-343
143. k fLd mkdyx Nkaf; bf;d nysoaOd wZ[aZ[x tjx mrsmqZ[aZ[x mrsiqoaOx n@yauprshx iukqmiaidus' whuzms fLd
Nkaf; N.j;d Ouzukajfhd fyd;s' iuzudiuznqoafOd N.jd iajlaLdf;d N.j;d Ouzfud' imgsmkafkd
ixf>d;s'
ucACOsu ksldh 11" Ouzufpz;sh iq;a;" nq'c'uq" msgqj 552
188