The document discusses unstructured information management and obstacles to effective information access. It addresses the different perspectives of strategic, operational, and tactical levels in an organization. Content creation processes and a lack of common language can hamper effective searches. Taxonomies, controlled vocabularies, and ontologies can help establish frameworks to assist in classification, search, and sense-making of large amounts of unstructured information. End-user generated tagging, or folksonomies, can also help on a detailed level.

1. UNSTRUCUTURED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
UNSTRUCUTURED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
INSIDE THE BOX....
Optimization of accessibility for business value
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2. AGENDA
Obstacles to information access
•
Key success factors for information
Key success factors for information
•
access
How can an organization make sense
•
of its unstructured information?
of its unstructured information?
The information management
•
tongue
Practical examples of information a
•
retrieval solution that combines
different technologies to assist sense
making
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3. AGREEMENT ON BASICS: INFORMATION VALUE CHAIN
LEVEL OF SYNTHESIS (ANALYSIS) AND CONTEXT
( )
FUTURE
PAST PASSIVE PRESENT ACTIVE PROACTIVE
Contextualized
Consequences
Categorized
Connections
Calculated
Conversations
DATA INFORMATION INTELLIGENCE
Corrected
Chances
Condensed
Compared
Connections
Calculated
Intelligence becomes information
when not needed
Data becomes information when asked for
Information becomes data when not needed
INFORMATION VOLUME

4. AGREEMENT ON BASICS: THE CONTENT UNIVERSE
More information will be produced in 2007 than in the previous 300,000 years combined.
More information will be produced in 2007 than in the previous 300 000 years combined
Unstructured
Digital Print
External
Structured
Internal
Unstructured
external
Semi Structured
Internal
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Structured
Internal

5. OBSTACLES FOR EFFECTIVE INFORMATION ACCESS
the challenges are greater inside the box than outside...
The user‐ CTO/CIO‐
leadership divide
leadership divide
Content creation
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process ‐ Format 8/16 behavior &
8/16 behavior &
culture
The Microsoft
Syndrome
Single keyword...
Technology The Google
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Syndrome
Communication Languages

6. THE USER‐CTO/CIO‐
THE USER‐CTO/CIO‐LEADERSHIP DIVIDE
WE HAVE CREATED A COMPUTERIZED,
INTERACTIVE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE PROFILING INTRANET WONDERFUL. MAKE SOME
DEVICE FOR THE COMPANY WITH PHOTOCOPIES AND ROUTE IT
ENTITY EXTRACTION AGENTS AND AROUND.
VIZUALIZATION.
VIZUALIZATION I CALL IT THE ”I-
I- BUT I REALLY ONLY ASKED
CENTER” AND IT CONTAINS A BASIC FOR THE NAME OF THE
TAXONOMY WITH A USER GENERATED MANAGER IN OUR ITALIAN
FOLKSONOMI FUNCTION! COMAPNY

7. OVERVIEW – THE USER ‐CTO/CIO‐
OVERVIEW – THE USER ‐CTO/CIO‐LEADERSHIP DIVIDE
The different stakeholders within an organization use different lenses when they look at information.
The challenge is to find ONE infrastructure that accommodates all these disparate needs‐ so that by
the end of the day, it serve the same purposes – fulfilling the business objectives.
• Looks for the big picture
• Strategic intentions and objectives are not always communicated
well
STRATEGIC
• Not agile users of systems and technology, and if... Decisive
LEVEL • Information flows are selective
• Financial driven
• Focused on answers
• Infrastructure focused.
OPERATIONAL • Turf battles about resources and solutions (Priority)
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• IT‐driven, not user driven
LEVEL
• Focused on integrated tasks
• Day to Day struggle
Day to Day struggle
• Actual information needs for solving questions
TACTICAL
• User and content driven
LEVEL • The devil is in the details
• Foused on one task
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8. OVERVIEW –
OVERVIEW – CONTENT CREATION PROCESS
Microsoft Office suite might be one of the worst enemies for corporate repository retrieval. Add
Adobe and some dysfunctional CRM‐systems to this and you have a challenge
• Usually sees only carefully tailored reports in one single format
STRATEGIC
that is easy to digest
LEVEL • Rarely contributes to the knowledge repository
OPERATIONAL • Connections, cross‐unit , cross stakeholder challenges.
• Different solutions ‐ we need to this our way....
LEVEL
TACTICAL • I want to use the same tools that I have at home
• It is good to recycle from old documents and PowerPoints
LEVEL

9. OVERVIEW –
OVERVIEW – THE DREAM OF A COMMON LANGUAGE
Even if you think you speak the same language, you don´t. Even if you search in your language you
wont find everything that is written in the language you think is your own.
• Corporate language ( spoken /written)
• The client/customer language (spoken/written)
STRATEGIC • The management buzz language
• The industry tounge
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LEVEL
• Culture
• Lingua Searcha
OPERATIONAL • Culture
LEVEL • The vertical languages‐ and how to integrate the
The vertical languages and how to integrate the
• Vertical language
TACTICAL
• ”Street speak”
LEVEL • Popular names

10. OVERVIEW –
OVERVIEW – LINGUA SEARCH IN REALITY
One way of assisting both search engines and humans in finding the relevant answers is to match
documents against different set of defined universe.
A taxonomy define the organizational environment on a high level. An
organizational taxonomy should be aligned to the business objectives and
STRATEGIC strategies. ( Category, bucket, silo, domain) A taxonomy can be used in the
content creation process by meta‐tagging the documents.
LEVEL
A controlled vocabulary assist in the classification on a more detailed
level in a domain, than the overarching taxonomy. The controlled set can
level in a domain than the overarching taxonomy The controlled set can
be of different size depending on the complexity of the defining term. A
OPERATIONAL controlled vocabulary can assist in automatic tagging of articles. The
relationships in a domain is called an ontology.
LEVEL
An ontology assist in creating relations between different entities and
provide a context by linking words and docuements to eachother.
End user generated vocabularies can assist in sense making an
knowledge sharing on the very detailed level but also on a
TACTICAL macro/document level ( folksonomy) by dynamically map and assist in
validation, quality and relation control a on micro level.
LEVEL

11. CONCEPT: TAXONOMY
•Taxonomy is the science of classification according to a pre‐
determined system, with the resulting catalogue used to provide a
conceptual framework for discussion, analysis, or information
retrieval.
retrieval
•A systematic way of classifying knowledge
•A hierarchical structure of concepts
A hierarchical structure of concepts
TAXONOMY
•A common language for sharing knowledge
•An artificial, formal construct acting as a symbolic model of an
information domain
•In theory the development of a good taxonomy takes into
In theory, the development of a good taxonomy takes into
account the importance of separating elements of a group (taxon)
into subgroups (taxa) that are mutually exclusive, unambiguous,
and taken together, include all possibilities.
•In practice, a good taxonomy should be simple, easy to remember,
and easy to use.

12. •Group content into a controlled set of
categories
TAXONOMIES AGAIN?
•There is no inherent relationship among the
categories ‐ they are co‐equal groups with labels
•The structure is one of ‘membership’ in the
taxonomy
•List of industries
List of industries
•Lists of countries or states
Energy Environment Education Crime Transport Trade Labor Agriculture
•Lists of currencies
Faceted taxonomy architecture looks like a •Controlled vocabularies
star. Each node in the star structure is •List of security classification values
associated with the object in the center.
associated with the object in the center
Metadata is one type of faceted taxonomy
A hierarchical taxonomy is
Each attribute is a facet of a content object
represented as a tree
Creator/Author
architecture. The tree consists of
architecture The tree consists of
Title
Publication Date, etc nodes and links. The
relationships become
‘associations’ with meaning.
Meanings in a hierarchy are fairly
limited in scope – group
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membership,
Type, instance. In a hierarchical
taxonomy, a node can have only
In a network one parent.
taxonomy each node
can have more than
one parent. Any item
in a this structure can
Network taxonomies allow us to
be linked to any other
design complex thesauri
thesauri,
item.
item Links can be
ontologies, concept maps, topic
meaningful &
maps, knowledge maps,
different.
knowledge representations

13. SO WHAT IS IT?
Concept Definition (one interpretation) What is it good for?
Taxonomy is the science of classification according to a Provides a top structure
Taxonomy
predetermined system used to provide a conceptual framework for storing and retrieving
for discussion, analysis or information retrieval.
f di i li if ti ti l
A controlled vocabulary is an organized lists of words and Assist in tagging retrieving
Controlled
phrases, or notation systems, that are used to initially tag documents
vocabulary
content, and then to find it through navigation or search. This
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means that a CV is a type of metadata that functions as a subset
of natural language.
An ontology is a model that represents a set of concepts within a An ontology defines a
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Ontology
domain and the relationships between those concepts. A domain
domain ontology (or domain‐specific ontology) models a specific
domain, or part of the world. It represents the particular
meanings of terms as they apply to that domain. Most
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ontologies describe individuals (instances), classes (concepts),
attributes, and relations
User generated input
Socially constructed classification schemes . User‐generated
Folksonomy
metadata
metadata ”tactical level”
tactical level
Information that describes, or supplements, the central data. Can provide some context,
Metadata
but not always.

14. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
Sounds great, I read Yeah whatever,
that portals will change our as long as
I need your signature for life and will connect the I will have this on
the corporate information hidden gems in my CV, and no one
software acquisition I love this
our company. interferes with
portal
Will be great to tell my pr j ct
project
approach!
h!
our board that we
What a
have a Intelligence Portal!
change!
IT staff too often get carried away with adding functionality and data that the end user
just does not need.
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Organizations need to look beyond technology and its architecture when
implementing tools, and consider a much broader integrated focus that
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simultaneously addresses organizational and process issues

15. OVERVIEW –
OVERVIEW – TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
One of the most common challenges among we have noticed among our clients is to store and
retrieve information in various formats in one user‐friendly environment that also is open for further
exploration in various tools.
• Tools offered on the market as “ the solution are often expensive
Tools offered on the market as the solution” are often expensive
and the ROI is low
EXPENSIVE • Maintenance costs are high.
• Lock in situation once ”the” solution is in place. The outside world
move on
move on
• Tools are crowded with technical solutions and gadgets that makes
simple tasks cumbersome and time consuming.
COMPLICATED • High threshold for training
High threshold for training
• IT‐driven, not user driven
• Not targeted to the organizational objectives
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NOT ALIGNED TO
NOT ALIGNED TO • Old information/SYSTEMS that crowds the space and slows down
BUSINESS the “solution”

16. DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES ASSIST IN THE INFORMATION TO
INTERPRETATION VALUE CHAIN
Interpretation of new
Visualization
insights through
insights through
applications
Taxonomy Expertise Relationships Alerts / Profiling
Extract valuable
Clustering
g Classification Summarization
insights through
i i ht th h
mining techniques
Feature Extraction Language Identification
Search / Retrieval (Indexing)
Search / Retrieval (Indexing)
Access the available
Document Filters information
Connectors (Spiders, Crawlers)
C (S id C l)
Stored information
Databases Content Management File Repositories
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17. SUMMARY
User generated validation,
quality control and contextual
rights
A search/ retrival fuction that is open
and that accomadates contextual search
A content management /creation structure &
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philosophy
A basic taxonomy (simple)
An information audit – who needs what and when and why?
Communcation of business/orgaizational objectivess
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18. EXAMPLES

19. READ IN DEPTH, IN CONTEXT
The chart below shows GM’s stock price, credit spread and related news article volume over time. The chart is also
Th h t b l h GM’ t k i dit d d ltd ti l l ti Th h t i l
annotated by headlines on days with big moves in the chart, providing a multi‐dimensional overview and suggesting
what news may have affected GM’s market prices or vice versa
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20. PATENTS
The search result for
“ethanol” provides related
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patents, structured data
about the compound and its
taxonomy belonging, charts
illustrating patent
publication trends and the
most relevant inventors,
grantees and legal
representatives as well as
related compounds,
keywords, processes,
reactions and subclasses.
Every item is clickable for
drill‐downs and equivalent
360‐degree views.
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21. FIND KEY CLUSTERS OF PEOPLE
The visualisation tools can be
used to cluster the most
prominent inventors (and /or any
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other entity/term type) around a
specific company (deduced from
the patent data) for competitive
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intelligence purposes
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22. LIVE DEMO