The presentation discusses the Green Revolution in agriculture, which refers to a large increase in crop production through the use of modern techniques. It was sparked by scientists like Norman Borlaug who developed high-yielding varieties of major crops that responded well to fertilizers and irrigation. This led to a crop surge starting in the 1960s, boosting food production in countries like India, Mexico, and Bangladesh. While the Green Revolution increased yields and food security, it also led to environmental issues from overuse of chemicals and could leave small farmers unemployed. More sustainable farming methods are now needed.