The document discusses architectural features for hot and humid climates. It recommends designs that promote ventilation like cross ventilation between buildings, larger windows limited to 15% of the facade if unshaded, and landscaping to create buffers. Compact circular buildings are most efficient due to their low surface-to-volume ratio. Buildings should be oriented east-west with courtyards to circulate air. Room placement depends on orientation, with bedrooms on the east side and storage on the west.

1. NAME:BARIRA
ROLLNO:21ARO33
TOPIC: ARCHITECURAL FEATURES OF HOT
AND HUMAID CLIMATE

2. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF HOT AND HUMAID CLIMATE:
1.VENTILATION:
• Ventilation is one of the important factors to be considered while designing structures in the hot humaid
climate.
• The flow of air helps in providing a direct physiological cooling effect.
• The building are to be placed in such a wat which can facilitate cross ventilation.
• Oblique winds between 30 and 120 degrees to the wall can provide cross ventilation.

3. 2.WINDOWS:
• For increasing the cross ventilation opening can be designed of larger size,but if the opening are not
correctly shaded,it will result in the direction penetration of solar radiation in the interior of the sturture.
• In case the window are unshaded,the glass area should be limited to 15% of the area of the façade.
3.LANDSCAPE:
• Micro-climate is essential to maintain while designing in the hot and humid climate as striking and
heating of building surface can be considerably reduce by designing a proper landscape.
• It can also act as a buffer for restricting noise,traffic,sun and heat.
• We can plant such trees on south-western as wel as the west side of stucture.furthermore,evergreen
trees when planted on the north-west and north side of the structure can help in providing shade
throughout the year.

4. • 4:BUILDING FORM:
• The form of the building can affect solar access,wind exposure,rate of heat loss or heat gain throughthe
external envelope of the structure as well as airflow pattern around the structure, which will also affect of
ventilation.
• The compactness of the structure can be measured with the help of the ration of surface area to the volume
(s/v).
• The lowest (s/v)ratio is belived to be of circular geometry.
• Thus, the circular form of building becomes the most energy- efficient in a hot and humaid climate.

6. 5.THE ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING:
• Solar passive design technique puts forth light upon the orientation of the building as it affect the solar
radiation,daylight,and wind.
• In hot and humaid climate, the orientation of the building should be along the long axes in the east-west
direction.
6.PLANNING OF COURTYARD:
• The addition of courtyard at the strategic location in the building helps in maintaining the
microclimate of the structure as due to incident solar radiation in the oprn to sky enclosed space
enclosed space, the air gets warmer and move upward and the cool air form the ground level flows
through the openings of the rooms surrounding the courtyard.

7. 7;ROOM ARRANGEMENT:
• The thermal load is related to the orientation of the structure and hence, room on the east side tends to
be warm during the morning hours cool down in the afternoon if it does not have much thermal mass.
• Where as, the room on the western side are cooler in the morning and tend to heat up in the afternoon
hours.
• Room that tend to face north as well as south remain cool if provided with proper shading devices.
• Bedroom cab be designed on the east side of the building as this side east side of the building as this side
remain cool in the evenings,whereas storage areas can be placed on the west side of the building .
• Also ,the kitchen should be placed on the west side as it is mostly used in the morning and afternoon
hours.
• The main room can be placed on the east or west side.
• Rooms like kitchen where heat occurs should be detached from the main building area but can be
conntected with the use of a common roof.

8. THANK YOU